CN214612805U - Molten salt electrolysis device with continuous feeding mechanism - Google Patents
Molten salt electrolysis device with continuous feeding mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN214612805U CN214612805U CN202120613701.8U CN202120613701U CN214612805U CN 214612805 U CN214612805 U CN 214612805U CN 202120613701 U CN202120613701 U CN 202120613701U CN 214612805 U CN214612805 U CN 214612805U
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Molten salt electrolysis apparatus with continuous feed mechanism comprising: the electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the electrolytic cell body comprises an electrolytic cell outer wall and an electrolytic cell inner wall; at least one charging gun, which is arranged at the upper part of the electrolytic bath body and is communicated with the first chamber; the herringbone material distributing plate is horizontally arranged in the first chamber, and two ends of the herringbone material distributing plate are fixedly connected with the outer wall of the electrolytic cell and the inner wall of the electrolytic cell respectively; the material feeding device comprises a charging gun, a plurality of herringbone material distributing plates, a plurality of discharging pipes and a plurality of discharging pipes, wherein the herringbone material distributing plates are arranged in a plurality, and are arranged below the charging gun at intervals layer by layer; the inner wall of the electrolytic cell is provided with a plurality of through holes which communicate the first chamber with the second chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a molten salt electrolysis device with a continuous feeding mechanism.
Background
The molten salt electrolysis technology is a process for performing electrochemical extraction or purification separation based on the advantages of high conductivity and a wide electrochemical window of a molten salt electrolyte at high temperature. In the molten salt electrolytic refining process, the crude metal is usually used as a consumable anode to carry out electrolysis, and high-purity metal is obtained on a cathode. Generally, the process of extraction and purification of metals by molten salt electrolysis technology is carried out in a molten salt electrolysis plant, the body of which comprises a cathode, an anode and an electrolytic cell.
Current high temperature molten salt electrolysis equipment typically implements electrolysis in a batch or semi-continuous fashion. The addition of the anode raw material requires the opening of an integral gas circuit system and even destroys the electrolytic environment. Therefore, the continuous feeding device is integrated in the electrolytic cell, and has great practical significance for continuously extracting and purifying rare metals.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, some embodiments disclose a molten salt electrolysis apparatus having a continuous feed mechanism, the molten salt electrolysis apparatus including:
the electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the electrolytic cell body comprises an electrolytic cell outer wall and an electrolytic cell inner wall;
at least one charging gun, which is arranged at the upper part of the electrolytic bath body and is communicated with the first chamber;
the herringbone material distributing plate is horizontally arranged in the first chamber, and two ends of the herringbone material distributing plate are fixedly connected with the outer wall of the electrolytic cell and the inner wall of the electrolytic cell respectively;
the material feeding device comprises a charging gun, a plurality of herringbone material distributing plates, a plurality of discharging pipes and a plurality of discharging pipes, wherein the herringbone material distributing plates are arranged in a plurality, and are arranged below the charging gun at intervals layer by layer; the inner wall of the electrolytic cell is provided with a plurality of through holes which communicate the first chamber with the second chamber.
Further, some embodiments disclose the molten salt electrolysis device with the continuous feeding mechanism, further comprising a movable chassis arranged at the bottom of the electrolysis bath body and used for moving the electrolysis bath body.
Some examples disclose a molten salt electrolyzer having a continuous feeding mechanism, wherein an angle between a feeding gun and a horizontal plane is set to be 40-60 °.
Some embodiments disclose a molten salt electrolysis apparatus having a continuous feeding mechanism, wherein an internal included angle of the herringbone distributor plate is set to 75-95 °.
In some embodiments, the molten salt electrolysis device with the continuous feeding mechanism is disclosed, the through holes arranged on the inner wall of the electrolysis bath are circular or square, and the porosity of the inner wall of the electrolysis bath with the porous structure is more than 60%.
Some embodiments disclose a molten salt electrolysis device with a continuous feeding mechanism, and the number of the feeding guns is 3-6.
Some embodiments disclose a molten salt electrolysis apparatus with a continuous feed mechanism, the feed lance comprising:
one end of the charging gun body is arranged and installed on the electrolytic bath body, and a cavity for placing raw materials is arranged in the charging gun body;
the first valve is arranged in the chamber at the inlet of the charging gun body;
the second valve is arranged in the chamber of the charging gun body close to the electrolytic bath body;
the vent pipe is arranged on the charging gun body between the first valve and the second valve;
wherein, the breather pipe sets up and forms the raw materials transition chamber in the cavity of the filling gun body between first valve and second valve after with vacuum source, argon gas source intercommunication.
Some embodiments disclose a molten salt electrolysis apparatus with a continuous feed mechanism, wherein the height of the movable chassis is adjustable.
Some embodiments disclose a molten salt electrolysis device with a continuous feeding mechanism, wherein the herringbone distributing plates arranged layer by layer are arranged between two adjacent distributing plates on the lower layer.
Some embodiments disclose a molten salt electrolysis apparatus with a continuous feed mechanism, the plurality of chevron distributor plates being identically configured.
The fused salt electrolytic device with the continuous feeding mechanism, disclosed by the embodiment of the application, can realize continuous feeding of anode consumption raw materials, can uniformly distribute the raw materials inside an electrolytic cell, is favorable for improving the electrolytic efficiency, prolongs the service life of the electrolytic device, realizes the movement of the electrolytic device through the movable chassis, is convenient to replace the electrolytic device, reduces the replacement update time of each part of the electrolytic device, and realizes the continuous proceeding of the electrolytic process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of a molten salt electrolysis device with a continuous feeding mechanism
FIG. 2 embodiment 2 chevron shape distributor plate setting schematic
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a herringbone dividing plate structure in embodiment 2
Reference numerals
1 outer wall of the electrolytic cell 2 inner wall of the electrolytic cell
Movable chassis of 3 herringbone material distribution plate 4
5 charging gun 6 cathode
7 connecting flange 20 through hole
31 first blade 32 second blade
50 add feed bin body 51 first valve
52 second valve 53 vent pipe
300 common side
310. 311, 312 first blade side
320. 321, 322 second blade side
Detailed Description
The word "embodiment" as used herein, is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments, including any embodiment illustrated as "exemplary". Performance index tests in the examples of this application, unless otherwise indicated, were performed using routine experimentation in the art. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; other test methods and techniques not specifically mentioned in the present application are those commonly employed by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The terms "substantially" and "about" are used herein to describe small fluctuations. For example, they may mean less than or equal to ± 5%, such as less than or equal to ± 2%, such as less than or equal to ± 1%, such as less than or equal to ± 0.5%, such as less than or equal to ± 0.2%, such as less than or equal to ± 0.1%, such as less than or equal to ± 0.05%. Numerical data represented or presented herein in a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and thus should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. For example, a numerical range of "1 to 5%" should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of 1% to 5%, but also include individual values and sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual values, such as 2%, 3.5%, and 4%, and sub-ranges, such as 1% to 3%, 2% to 4%, and 3% to 5%, etc. This principle applies equally to ranges reciting only one numerical value. Moreover, such an interpretation applies regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.
In this document, including the claims, all conjunctions such as "comprising," including, "" carrying, "" having, "" containing, "" involving, "" containing, "and the like are to be understood as being open-ended, i.e., to mean" including but not limited to. Only the conjunctions "consisting of … …" and "consisting of … …" are closed conjunctions.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without some of these specific details. In the examples, some methods, means, instruments, apparatuses, etc. known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the subject matter of the present application.
On the premise of no conflict, the technical features disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be combined arbitrarily, and the obtained technical solution belongs to the content disclosed in the embodiments of the present application.
In some embodiments, a molten salt electrolysis apparatus with a continuous feed mechanism comprises: the electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the electrolytic cell body comprises an electrolytic cell outer wall and an electrolytic cell inner wall; at least one charging gun, which is arranged at the upper part of the electrolytic bath body and is communicated with the first chamber; the herringbone material distributing plate is horizontally arranged in the first chamber, and two ends of the herringbone material distributing plate are fixedly connected with the outer wall of the electrolytic cell and the inner wall of the electrolytic cell respectively; the material feeding device comprises a charging gun, a plurality of herringbone material distributing plates, a plurality of discharging pipes and a plurality of discharging pipes, wherein the herringbone material distributing plates are arranged in a plurality, and are arranged below the charging gun at intervals layer by layer; the inner wall of the electrolytic cell is provided with a plurality of through holes which communicate the first chamber with the second chamber.
Usually, the filling gun is arranged above the electrolytic cell body and is communicated with the first chamber so as to fill the raw materials into the first chamber, the filled raw materials enter the first chamber and are distributed below the first chamber, in the electrolytic process, the solid raw materials are distributed in the molten salt electrolyte, and the solid raw materials and the outer wall of the electrolytic cell and/or the inner wall of the electrolytic cell form the anode of the electrolytic device. In order to make the distribution of the fed raw material uniform in the first chamber, a plurality of charging lances are generally provided, which are equally spaced above the body of the electrolytic cell. Further, in order to enable the raw materials added from the charging gun to be distributed more uniformly, a herringbone material distributing plate is arranged below the inlet of the charging gun, the herringbone material distributing plate is horizontally arranged, and two ends of the herringbone material distributing plate are respectively fixed on the outer wall of the electrolytic cell and the inner wall of the electrolytic cell; the herringbone material distributing plate generally comprises two blades, the two blades are fixedly connected with each other, the fixed connecting part is used as a common side edge, the blades extending from the common side edge to the lower parts of the two sides form the herringbone material distributing plate, a raw material added into the first chamber falls from the upper part of the common side edge, and the raw material is divided into two directions by the blades of the herringbone material distributing plate and then continuously falls; generally, the lambdoidal distributing plates are multiple, the lambdoidal distributing plates are arranged layer by layer, the lambdoidal distributing plate arranged below can further disperse the raw materials dispersed by the distributing plate on the upper portion, the raw materials dispersed step by step for multiple times finally and uniformly fall down, and the dispersed and deposited raw materials are deposited on the lower portion of the first cavity and form a better electric contact effect with the outer wall of the electrolytic cell and the inner wall of the electrolytic cell. The herringbone plates are arranged at intervals, so that the raw materials can fall smoothly from the intervals, the raw materials are prevented from blocking the herringbone plates, and the dispersing effect is reduced. The space between the herringbone distributing plates arranged on the same layer is called a transverse distributing plate gap. Meanwhile, the common side edge of the top of the herringbone distributing plate arranged on the next layer is usually arranged below the transverse gap of the herringbone distributing plate arranged on the upper layer, so that raw materials falling from the transverse gap are effectively separated by the herringbone distributing plate, and the raw material dispersing effect is improved. The two layers of herringbone material distributing plates which are adjacent up and down are arranged at intervals with a certain vertical gap of the material distributing plates, so that raw materials can obtain a certain falling space, and the separation effect of the herringbone material distributing plates is facilitated. The multi-layer and interval-arranged material distributing plates realize continuous, multiple and multi-stage separation of the raw materials, so that the raw materials are uniformly dispersed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.
As an alternative embodiment, the internal included angle of the herringbone distributor plate is set to 75-95 °. Generally, the herringbone material distributing plate generally comprises two blades fixedly connected with each other, the fixed connecting part is used as a common side, the blades extending from the common side to the lower parts of the two sides form the herringbone material distributing plate, a certain included angle is formed between the two blades, the included angle can be called as an inner included angle of the herringbone material distributing plate, and the inner included angle is set to be 75-95 degrees, so that the raw materials are effectively separated.
As an optional embodiment, the length of the herringbone material distributing plate is 50-150 mm. Usually, two ends of the herringbone material distributing plate are fixedly connected with the inner wall and the outer wall of the electrolytic cell respectively, and the length of the herringbone material distributing plate is the distance between the outer wall and the inner wall of the electrolytic cell. As an optional implementation mode, the thickness of the herringbone distributing plate is 2-3 mm, and generally, the thickness of the herringbone distributing plate is the thickness of two blades forming the distributing plate.
As an alternative, in the herringbone distributing plates arranged layer by layer, the distributing plate at the lower layer is arranged between two adjacent distributing plates at the upper layer. For example, the common side of the material-separating plate is arranged between the spaces between two adjacent material-separating plates of the upper layer.
As an alternative, the plurality of chevron-shaped distribution plates are set to be identical. A plurality of same chevron shape divides the flitch to set up to the multilayer, can ensure to divide flitch horizontal clearance and divide the flitch vertical clearance even, and a plurality of chevron shapes divide the flitch to set up uniformly in first cavity, can realize the continuous joining of raw materials, evenly distributed.
As an alternative embodiment, the angle between the lance and the horizontal plane is set to 40 ° to 60 °. Usually, the feeding gun is inclined at a certain angle, which is beneficial for the raw materials to enter the electrolytic cell continuously and without obstacles, for example, the included angle between the feeding gun and the horizontal plane is set to be 40-60 degrees, which can realize the continuous entering of the raw materials.
As an alternative mode, the through holes arranged on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell are round or square, and the porosity of the inner wall of the electrolytic cell with the porous structure is more than 60 percent. The porosity is generally the ratio of the sum of the empty areas of the through holes to the surface area of the inner wall of the electrolytic cell, and the porosity is set to be more than 60 percent, so that the anode material in the anode region is favorably conveyed in the molten salt electrolyte.
As an optional implementation mode, 3-6 charging guns are arranged. Generally, 3-6 charging guns are uniformly arranged on the upper part of the electrolytic cell body at intervals, so that uniform charging can be realized.
As an alternative embodiment, the filling gun comprises: one end of the charging gun body is arranged and installed on the electrolytic bath body, and a cavity for placing raw materials is arranged in the charging gun body; the first valve is arranged in the chamber at the inlet of the charging gun body; the second valve is arranged in the chamber of the charging gun body close to the electrolytic bath body; the vent pipe is arranged on the charging gun body between the first valve and the second valve; wherein, the breather pipe sets up and forms the raw materials transition chamber in the cavity of the filling gun body between first valve and second valve after with vacuum source, argon gas source intercommunication. Usually, the first valve is opened to add the raw material into the chamber, a closed space is formed between the closed second valve and the closed first valve, the vent hole is communicated with a vacuum device, for example, a vacuum pump can be followed by pumping out the air in the chamber to form vacuum, removing the oxygen in the raw material, and then argon can be introduced to make the atmosphere in the raw material transition chamber consistent with the inside of the electrolytic cell. After opening the second valve, the feed in the feed transition chamber enters the first chamber in the electrolyzer. The feeding process of the feeding gun and the electrolysis process in the electrolysis device are carried out independently, raw materials can be added into a chamber in the feeding gun in the electrolysis process, and when the raw materials need to be added in the electrolysis process, the second valve can be opened to add the raw materials into the electrolysis bath; after the raw materials in the charging gun are added into the electrolytic bath, the charging operation can be carried out again, and the raw materials are added into the chamber of the charging gun; thus, the continuous feeding and electrolysis process can be realized.
As an alternative embodiment, the molten salt electrolysis device with the continuous feeding mechanism further comprises a movable chassis arranged at the bottom of the electrolysis bath body and can be used for moving the electrolysis bath body. For example, a flat-plate-shaped chassis can be arranged at the bottom of the electrolysis device, the electrolysis bath body is arranged on the chassis, and a plurality of uniform controllable universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the flat-plate-shaped chassis to realize movement; or a tank chain is arranged to realize the movement.
As an alternative, the height of the movable chassis is arranged to be adjustable. For example, a lifting platform can be selected as a flat plate-shaped chassis to realize the lifting of the electrolysis device. The cathode of the electrolysis device can be conveniently installed by lifting the electrolysis device.
The technical details are further illustrated in the following examples.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a molten salt electrolyzer of example 1 having a continuous feeding mechanism.
In the embodiment 1, the electrolysis device comprises a cylindrical electrolysis bath body, the electrolysis bath body comprises a cylindrical electrolysis bath outer wall 1 and a cylindrical electrolysis bath inner wall 2 sleeved in the cylindrical electrolysis bath outer wall 1, a first chamber is formed between the electrolysis bath outer wall 1 and the electrolysis bath inner wall 2, and a second chamber is formed inside the electrolysis bath inner wall 2; an opening is provided above the electrolytic cell to dispose the electrolytic cathode 7 in the second chamber through the opening;
the three charging guns 5 are arranged at the upper part of the electrolytic cell body at equal intervals and are communicated with the first chamber; the included angle between the whole charging gun and the horizontal plane is beta.
The herringbone material distributing plate 3 is horizontally arranged in the first chamber, and two ends of the herringbone material distributing plate 3 are fixedly connected with the outer wall 1 of the electrolytic cell and the inner wall 2 of the electrolytic cell respectively; the plurality of herringbone material distribution plates are arranged below the charging gun 5 at intervals layer by layer; the inner wall 2 of the electrolytic cell is provided with a plurality of through holes 20 which communicate the first chamber with the second chamber.
The charging gun 5 includes:
a charging gun body 50, one end of which is arranged and installed on the electrolytic bath body, and a cavity for placing raw materials is arranged inside the charging gun body;
a first valve 51 disposed in the chamber at the inlet of the gun body;
a second valve 52 disposed in the chamber of the charging gun body proximate the electrolyzer body;
a vent pipe 53 arranged on the charging gun body between the first valve and the second valve;
wherein, after the vent pipe 53 is set to communicate with the vacuum source, a vacuum can be formed in the chamber of the charging gun body between the first valve 51 and the second valve 52. After opening the second valve 52, the feed enters the first chamber inside the electrolyzer body.
The electrolysis device body is arranged on the movable chassis 4, and the upper part of the electrolysis device body is connected with other devices through a connecting flange 7. After the electrolysis is completed, the connecting flange 7 is unfastened, and the cathode can be taken out to move the electrolysis apparatus main body.
Example 2
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a herringbone distributing plate according to embodiment 2, and FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a herringbone distributing plate.
In embodiment 2, the herringbone material distribution plates 3 are provided in a plurality of layers, and are spaced from each other and cross-overlapped. Wherein, the first layer comprises a herringbone material distributing plate 3 which is arranged right below the outlet of the charging gun 5 and can separate the added raw materials and fall from the two sides of the left and right blades; the second layer comprises two herringbone material distributing plates 3 which are respectively arranged at the outer sides of two blades of the herringbone material distributing plate of the first layer so as to separate the raw materials falling from the blades from the two blades of the herringbone material distributing plate of the second layer and realize the secondary separation; the third layer of the material distributing plates comprises three herringbone material distributing plates, and the three herringbone material distributing plates of the third layer are arranged according to the arrangement mode of the second layer of the herringbone material distributing plates, so that third separation is realized; the herringbone material distributing plate arranged in this way realizes three-stage separation of raw materials, increases the falling and dispersing area of the raw materials, and improves the distribution uniformity.
The herringbone material distribution plates in the embodiment are the same, and the transverse clearance of the herringbone material distribution plates on the same layer is L1The vertical clearance between adjacent herringbone material distributing plates is L2And the inner included angle of each character-shaped material distributing plate is alpha.
The chevron-shaped distribution plate 3 disclosed in embodiment 2 includes a common side 300 from which the first vane 31 and the second vane 32 extend to both lower sides. The included angle alpha between the planes of the first blade 31 and the second blade 32 is the inner included angle; the first blade 31 is also provided with three first blade sides 310, 311 and 312, and the second blade 32 is also provided with three second blade sides 320, 321 and 322, wherein the first blade side 311 and the second blade side 321 are positioned at the left end of the herringbone material separating plate 3, and the shapes of the first blade side 311 and the second blade side 321 are mutually matched with the shape of the outer wall of the electrolytic cell for fixedly connecting on the outer wall of the electrolytic cell; the first blade side 312 and the second blade side 322 are located at the right side end of the herringbone material separating plate 3, and the shapes of the first blade side 312 and the second blade side 322 are mutually matched with the shape of the inner wall of the electrolytic cell for fixedly connecting on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell. After the herringbone material distributing plate is fixedly connected with the wall of the electrolytic bath, the common side 300 of the herringbone material distributing plate is arranged to be horizontal.
The fused salt electrolytic device with the continuous feeding mechanism, disclosed by the embodiment of the application, can realize continuous feeding of anode consumption raw materials, can uniformly distribute the raw materials in the electrolytic cell, is favorable for improving the electrolytic efficiency, prolongs the service cycle of the electrolytic device, realizes the movement of the electrolytic device through the movable chassis, is convenient to replace the electrolytic device, reduces the replacement update time of each part of the electrolytic device, and realizes the continuous proceeding of the electrolytic process.
The technical solutions and the technical details disclosed in the embodiments disclosed herein are only examples to illustrate the inventive concept of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions, and all the conventional changes, substitutions or combinations made on the technical details disclosed herein have the same inventive concept as the present disclosure, and are within the protection scope of the present claims.
Claims (10)
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