CN214586071U - Accumulated snow measuring device based on Beidou and GPRS - Google Patents
Accumulated snow measuring device based on Beidou and GPRS Download PDFInfo
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- CN214586071U CN214586071U CN202120808159.1U CN202120808159U CN214586071U CN 214586071 U CN214586071 U CN 214586071U CN 202120808159 U CN202120808159 U CN 202120808159U CN 214586071 U CN214586071 U CN 214586071U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a snow measuring device based on big dipper and GPRS, including installing support, energy storage battery, power supply system, microprocessor, GPRS communication module, big dipper communication module, data storage module, upper computer system, latch, multichannel selection unit, digital analog conversion module, current excitation module; the utility model discloses can carry out high accuracy measurement to the temperature of multilayer snow simultaneously, can measure the thickness of snow, can realize carrying out long-range unmanned on duty measurement, monitoring to the temperature, the thickness of unmanned areas snow such as plateau, when effectively solving measurement accuracy, also realize the work of measured data in time gathering.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a meteorological monitoring equipment technical field, specific saying so relates to a snow measuring device based on big dipper and GPRS.
Background
The accumulated snow is used as a solid water body and is a very important component in a climate system, the unique radiation characteristic and thermal property of the accumulated snow can influence the radiation balance, heat balance and water balance process of the earth surface, the hydrological effect caused by ablation of the accumulated snow can generate important influence on the climate system in the same period and later period by changing the energy balance, water circulation and atmospheric circulation of the earth surface, the thermal property and ablation of the accumulated snow are closely related to the temperature change in the accumulated snow, and therefore the monitoring on the temperature change of the accumulated snow with different layers of height in the accumulated snow is very important.
Most of existing accumulated snow temperature measurement is a three-wire platinum resistance sensor, the accuracy is low, a transmission system mainly depends on a GPRS transmission mode, data cannot be timely returned in remote unmanned areas such as plateaus and the like in areas which cannot be covered by a foundation base station, and large-area networking observation on accumulated snow temperature cannot be carried out.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the not enough of prior art, the utility model provides a snow measuring device based on big dipper and GPRS when effectively solving measurement accuracy, also realizes the work that measured data in time gathered.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted does: a snow cover measuring device based on Beidou and GPRS comprises a mounting bracket, an energy storage battery and a power supply system, and is characterized by further comprising a microprocessor, a GPRS communication module, a Beidou communication module, a data storage module, an upper computer system, a latch, a multi-channel selection unit, a digital-to-analog conversion module and a current excitation module; one end of the mounting bracket is fixed on the ground, the other end of the mounting bracket is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, temperature sensors are arranged in the mounting holes, and each temperature sensor is connected with the current excitation module through a cold-proof cable; the temperature data end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the temperature data end of the digital-to-analog conversion module, the GPRS signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the GPRS communication module, the Beidou signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the Beidou communication module, the storage signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the data storage module, and the upper computer system is connected with the control end of the microprocessor through the GPRS communication module or the Beidou communication module; the temperature measurement control output end of the microprocessor is connected with the control input end of the latch, the control output end of the latch is connected with the control end of the digital-to-analog conversion module through the multi-channel selection unit, and the data acquisition end of the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the data output end of the current excitation module; the energy storage battery or the power supply system supplies power to the microprocessor, the GPRS communication module, the Beidou communication module, the data storage module, the upper computer system, the latch, the multi-channel selection unit, the digital-to-analog conversion module and the current excitation module; the power supply system supplies power to the energy storage battery.
Preferably, the mounting bracket is an epoxy resin cylinder; the epoxy resin has low heat conduction coefficient, effectively avoids the up-down heat conduction effect of the mounting bracket and has higher hardness; the mounting bracket is designed into a cylindrical structure so as to reduce the resistance of the mounting bracket to wind and snow, and the diameter is preferably 3-5 cm; the top is equipped with oblique stay cord, strengthens installing support's stability, guarantees that temperature sensor and snow stably contact.
Preferably, the distance between the mounting holes is equal distance holes of 1-2cm, which is determined according to the requirement of measurement precision.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is a PT100 type sensor, and has a resistance value of 100 Ω at 0 ℃, and the ambient temperature is inferred by measuring the resistance value by utilizing the influence of temperature change on the resistance value.
Preferably, the microprocessor is MSP430F 449.
Preferably, the power supply system is wind power generation, solar power generation or existing civil power; the power of the power generation system is larger than the charging power of the energy storage battery and the rated power of the equipment, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery meets the requirement that the equipment runs for more than 7 days at full load.
This snow measuring device is owing to arrange in the field, unmanned on duty, be equipped with lightning protection system, protective apparatus safety.
The utility model has the advantages that: 1) the temperature of the accumulated snow in multiple layers can be measured at high precision; 2) the thickness of the accumulated snow can be measured; 3) the remote unattended measurement and monitoring of the temperature and the thickness of the accumulated snow in the unmanned areas such as plateaus can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a digital-to-analog conversion circuit diagram;
FIG. 3 is a control diagram of a multi-channel temperature acquisition signal;
fig. 4 is a GPRS and beidou terminal communication circuit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, an accumulated snow measuring device based on big dipper and GPRS comprises a mounting bracket, an energy storage battery, a power supply system, a microprocessor, a GPRS communication module, a big dipper communication module, a data storage module, an upper computer system, a latch, a multi-channel selection unit, a digital-to-analog conversion module and a current excitation module.
One end of the mounting bracket is fixed on the ground, the concrete base is 250cmx250cm and is buried 10cm below the ground surface, and the influence of the base on the measurement of the accumulated snow temperature is reduced; the other end is provided with equidistant mounting holes, and the hole pitch can be 1-2cm according to the measurement precision requirement; according to the measurement precision requirement, a PT100 type temperature sensor is arranged in a required mounting hole, the resistance value is 100 omega at 0 ℃, and the environment temperature is reversely deduced through the measured resistance value by utilizing the influence of temperature change on the resistance value.
Each temperature sensor is connected with the current excitation module through a cold-proof cable to measure voltage, the current excitation module sends out an accurate constant current power supply to respectively measure 2 groups of voltage values of a certain temperature sensor and a high-precision 100 omega standard resistor (the precision of 0.02 percent and the temperature coefficient of 5PPM/° C), the resistance value of the temperature sensor is inversely calculated by utilizing the voltage difference, and then the temperature is calculated according to the curve relation between the PT100 resistance value and the temperature; similarly, the current excitation module measures the voltage of each temperature sensor and calculates the temperature of each sensor by using the voltage difference.
The type of the microprocessor is MSP430F449, and a temperature data end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with a temperature data end of the digital-to-analog conversion module and is responsible for acquiring temperature measurement and writing a digital-to-analog conversion algorithm; the GPRS signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the GPRS communication module and is used for sending GPRS data and receiving instructions; the Beidou signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the Beidou communication module and is used for sending Beidou data and receiving instructions; the signal storage end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the data storage module and is used for reading and writing the measurement data; the control end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the upper computer system and is used for instruction sending, operation display and the like.
The measurement command is sent by an upper computer system, the command is transmitted to the microprocessor through the GPRS communication module or the Beidou communication module, the temperature measurement control output end of the microprocessor is transmitted to the control input end of the latch, the latch sends the measurement command and selects a measurement object through the multi-channel selection unit, the measurement is specifically implemented through the digital-to-analog conversion module and the current excitation module, and the measurement result is fed back to the microprocessor to be stored in time; after the data of all the temperature sensors are measured, the microprocessor reports the measured data to the upper computer system through the GPRS communication module or the Beidou communication module.
The upper computer system analyzes the received data measured by each temperature sensor, and can obtain the accurate temperature of the accumulated snow in multiple layers; the thickness of the accumulated snow can be judged by measuring data and a change rule through a single temperature sensor and combining the installation height of the temperature sensor; meanwhile, the upper computer system supports remote modification of the software program of the device.
The microprocessor mainly completes execution of logic instructions, acquisition of temperature data, digital quantity processing calculation of temperature and transmission of data through the Beidou terminal and the GPRS communication module.
The Beidou terminal acquires meteorological data acquired by the automatic station and sends the meteorological data to the commander through the Beidou satellite. And meanwhile, receiving the command information sent by the commander. The commander is responsible for the data communication of big dipper central station platform and big dipper ordinary terminal, receives meteorological data or other instruction feedback information from big dipper ordinary terminal, sends the instruction of big dipper central station and gives big dipper ordinary terminal.
The GPRS communication module acquires meteorological data acquired by the automatic station, sends the meteorological data to the upper computer system through the base station, and is responsible for instruction feedback and transmission.
The mounting bracket is an epoxy resin cylinder; the epoxy resin has low heat conduction coefficient, effectively avoids the up-down heat conduction effect of the mounting bracket and has higher hardness; the mounting bracket is designed into a cylindrical structure so as to reduce the resistance of the mounting bracket to wind and snow, and the diameter is preferably 3-5 cm; the top is equipped with oblique stay cord, strengthens installing support's stability, guarantees that temperature sensor and snow stably contact.
Preferably, the distance between the mounting holes is equal distance holes of 1-2cm, which is determined according to the requirement of measurement precision.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is a PT100 type sensor, and has a resistance value of 100 Ω at 0 ℃, and the ambient temperature is inferred by measuring the resistance value by utilizing the influence of temperature change on the resistance value.
Preferably, the microprocessor is MSP430F 449.
Preferably, the power supply system is wind power generation, solar power generation or existing civil power; the power of the power generation system is larger than the charging power of the energy storage battery and the rated power of the equipment, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery meets the requirement that the equipment runs for more than 3 days at full load.
This snow measuring device is owing to arrange in the field, unmanned on duty, be equipped with lightning protection system, protective apparatus safety.
Example 10 temperature sensor measurements are taken as an example
Optimizing the measurement precision: the temperature sensor is a PT100 type sensor, the resistance value is 100 omega at 0 ℃, and the resistance value changes along with the change of the temperature; applying a constant current signal to the temperature sensor to measure voltage through a constant current source 1mA of the current excitation module; meanwhile, a high-precision 100 omega standard resistor (with the precision of 0.02 percent and the temperature coefficient of 5PPM/° C) is introduced, the voltage at two ends of the standard resistor is measured to be used as an environment standard voltage, the resistance value of the PT100 temperature sensor can be inversely calculated through the voltage difference, and then the temperature is calculated according to the curve relation between the PT100 resistance value and the temperature.
According to the constant and unchangeable characteristic of the excitation current source, the measurement of the platinum resistor is irrelevant to the excitation current, so that the measurement error caused by the excitation current deviation is eliminated, and the high-precision acquisition of the temperature is realized; the PT100 adopts a four-wire connection method, so that the measurement error caused by lead resistance is eliminated, and the measurement precision is further improved; the temperature of 10 paths is selectively measured by a multi-path signal selection circuit and is sent to a microprocessor for calculation, storage and transmission.
And (3) measurement and control sequence control: dividing 10 paths of accumulated snow temperature data measured by the system into 2 paths, wherein the measured data of each path is 5 layers; the multi-channel selection unit is composed of 6 cascaded CD4051 type multi-channel switches, and selection of 5 channels of temperature data channels is completed; the P1.0-P1.5 ports of the microprocessor are used for controlling the address code of the CD4051 type multiplexer of the multiplexer unit.
When the output of P1.0-P1.6 is 0000000, the multi-channel selection unit at the moment is communicated with a first temperature sensor; when the output of P1.0-P1.6 is 0000010, the second branch temperature sensor is communicated with the multi-channel selection unit at the moment; when the output of P1.0-P1.6 is 0000100, the multi-channel selection unit at this time is communicated with a third temperature sensor; when the output of P1.0-P1.6 is 0000110, the multi-channel selection unit at this time is communicated with a fourth temperature sensor; when the output of P1.0-P1.6 is 0001000, the multi-channel selection unit at the moment is communicated with a fifth temperature sensor; thus, the measurement of the first path 5 temperature sensors is completed.
Then switching to the other path, outputting 0000000, 0000010, 0000100, 0000110 and 0001000 respectively from P1.0-P1.6, and measuring 5 temperature sensors of the second path respectively; when the output value of P1.0-P1.6 is 0001100, a standard resistance path is selected, the voltage at two ends of the standard resistance can be measured, the voltage at two ends of the 10 paths of temperature sensors is divided by the voltage at two ends of the standard resistance and multiplied by the standard resistance, the resistance value of the 10 paths of temperature sensors is obtained, and the temperature value of 10 layers of accumulated snow is obtained through the resistance value.
The P2.0, P2.1, P2.2, P2.3 ports of the microprocessor U1 are connected to SCLK, CS, DOUT, DIN of the digital-to-analog conversion module U4 for controlling timing and data reading and writing of the AD 7792.
Data transmission: in order to guarantee data transmission's stability and reliability, reduce data transmission's between GPRS communication module and the big dipper communication module interference, this utility model well adopts two way data transmission, and both two way data are not shared. RXD1 and TXD1 are shown connected to the microprocessors P3.5URXD0 and P3.4UTXD0, and RXD2 and TXD2 are shown connected to the microprocessors P3.6URXD1 and P3.7UTXD1.
Because the microprocessor is 3.3V level with low power consumption and the communication serial port chip is 5V level, the microprocessor and the communication serial port are photoelectrically isolated. The U16 and U17 4N25 chips can isolate interference between the two chips and complete level conversion. The protocol between the GPRS communication module and the upper computer is UDP.
The upper computer system sends a data uploading command to the GPRS communication module, and the microprocessor uploads the calculated 10 paths of temperature sensor data through the GPRS module after receiving the command to finish warehousing; the upper computer system sends a data uploading command to the Beidou communication module through the Beidou commander, and the microprocessor sends the calculated 10 paths of temperature sensor data to the Beidou commander through the Beidou communication module after receiving the command, and then the data are collected and stored through the Beidou central station platform and transferred into the upper computer system; in order to guarantee the safety of data, the local data are transmitted to the upper computer system through the GPRS communication module and the Beidou communication module and are also stored in a large-capacity storage card of the data storage module.
In view of the requirement of actual measurement, the number of the temperature sensors and the measurement height can be freely adjusted; meanwhile, large-scale layout can be realized, and large-area networking observation can be realized; and can carry out remote unattended operation accurate measurement and data real-time monitoring and acquisition.
The above-described examples are intended to illustrate only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A snow cover measuring device based on Beidou and GPRS comprises a mounting bracket, an energy storage battery and a power supply system, and is characterized by further comprising a microprocessor, a GPRS communication module, a Beidou communication module, a data storage module, an upper computer system, a latch, a multi-channel selection unit, a digital-to-analog conversion module and a current excitation module; one end of the mounting bracket is fixed on the ground, the other end of the mounting bracket is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, temperature sensors are arranged in the mounting holes, and each temperature sensor is connected with the current excitation module through a cold-proof cable; the temperature data end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the temperature data end of the digital-to-analog conversion module, the GPRS signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the GPRS communication module, the Beidou signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the Beidou communication module, the storage signal end of the microprocessor is bidirectionally connected with the signal end of the data storage module, and the upper computer system is connected with the control end of the microprocessor through the GPRS communication module or the Beidou communication module; the temperature measurement control output end of the microprocessor is connected with the control input end of the latch, the control output end of the latch is connected with the control end of the digital-to-analog conversion module through the multi-channel selection unit, and the data acquisition end of the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the data output end of the current excitation module; the energy storage battery or the power supply system supplies power to the microprocessor, the GPRS communication module, the Beidou communication module, the data storage module, the upper computer system, the latch, the multi-channel selection unit, the digital-to-analog conversion module and the current excitation module; the power supply system supplies power to the energy storage battery.
2. The snow cover measuring device based on the big dipper and the GPRS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mounting bracket is an epoxy cylinder, and the top end of the mounting bracket is provided with a stay cable.
3. The Beidou and GPRS based snow cover measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting hole spacing is equal distance holes of 1-2 cm.
4. The Beidou and GPRS based snow cover measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is a PT100 sensor.
5. The Beidou and GPRS based snow cover measurement and measurement device of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is MSP430F 449.
6. The snow cover measuring device based on the Beidou and GPRS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply system is wind power or solar energy or commercial power.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120808159.1U CN214586071U (en) | 2021-04-20 | 2021-04-20 | Accumulated snow measuring device based on Beidou and GPRS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120808159.1U CN214586071U (en) | 2021-04-20 | 2021-04-20 | Accumulated snow measuring device based on Beidou and GPRS |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN214586071U true CN214586071U (en) | 2021-11-02 |
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| CN202120808159.1U Expired - Fee Related CN214586071U (en) | 2021-04-20 | 2021-04-20 | Accumulated snow measuring device based on Beidou and GPRS |
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- 2021-04-20 CN CN202120808159.1U patent/CN214586071U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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