CN214557395U - Cooling rotary disc for high-temperature metal centrifugal atomization powder making - Google Patents
Cooling rotary disc for high-temperature metal centrifugal atomization powder making Download PDFInfo
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- CN214557395U CN214557395U CN202120558426.4U CN202120558426U CN214557395U CN 214557395 U CN214557395 U CN 214557395U CN 202120558426 U CN202120558426 U CN 202120558426U CN 214557395 U CN214557395 U CN 214557395U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a cooling carousel for centrifugal atomizing powder process of high temperature metal, including the carousel for the centrifugation, still include: the air film holes comprise a plurality of through holes which are arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the turntable in a penetrating way and are uniformly distributed; and the gas supply device conveys cooling gas from the lower surface of the turntable to the upper surface through the gas film holes, and forms a heat insulation gas film for supporting the metal film between the upper surface of the turntable and the metal film formed by the metal liquid flow. The utility model discloses a set up the air film hole on the carousel, the process that makes the air current flow through the carousel just can play the refrigerated effect that flows to the carousel, and the air film of formation can also prevent that high temperature metal liquid direct contact dish from destroying in the face of the carousel ablation, very big improvement the viability of carousel, and the air film can also play the promotion effect to the broken one-tenth of metal liquid film process of dripping simultaneously for the liquid droplet size is littleer, and the powder is thinner.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a metal atomization field especially relates to a set up the through-hole and fill the cooling carousel that gaseous realization was cooled down on the carousel that is used for high temperature metal centrifugation atomizing powder process.
Background
At present, the atomization techniques applied to high-temperature metal powder mainly include gas atomization (AA method), vacuum induction gas atomization (VIGA method), crucible-free electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA method), plasma torch method (PA method), plasma rotation atomization (PREP method), and rotary disk centrifugal atomization.
In the EIGA process, slowly rotating electrode materials are melted by a high-frequency induction coil and form fine liquid flows (liquid flows do not need to contact a water-cooled crucible and a flow guide pipe) by controlling melting parameters, and when alloy liquid flows through an atomizing nozzle, the liquid flows are smashed and solidified by high-speed pulse air flow generated by the atomizing nozzle to form fine powder particles. The EIGA method powder has the biggest advantages of no refractory material inclusion and low energy consumption, and has the defects that the granularity of metal powder prepared by the prior domestic technology is relatively large, and the segregation of an electrode can cause the uneven components of an alloy powder material.
The powder prepared by the PREP method has the advantages of clean surface, high sphericity, few associated particles, no hollow/satellite powder, good fluidity, high purity, low oxygen content, narrow particle size distribution and the like. However, the PREP process is limited by related technical bottlenecks such as sealing and vibration caused by a large increase in the speed of the electrode rod, and it is still difficult to prepare fine particle size powder at low cost by using this method.
At present, a rotary disc centrifugal atomization method is commonly adopted, in the method, metal liquid flows to the center of a rotary disc surface rotating at a high speed, and fine liquid drops are thrown out from the edge of the rotary disc and are solidified into powder particles under the action of centrifugal force.
However, the turntable in the prior art is not specially processed, and only can be used for atomizing metal at a lower temperature (below 500 ℃), and when high-temperature metal (above 500 ℃) is centrifugally atomized, the turntable is easily ablated and damaged by the high-temperature metal.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a set up the through-hole and fill the cooling carousel that gaseous realization was cooled down on the carousel that is used for high temperature metal centrifugation atomizing powder process.
Specifically, the utility model provides a cooling carousel for high temperature metal centrifugation atomizing powder process, including the carousel for the centrifugation, still include:
the air film holes comprise a plurality of through holes which are arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the turntable in a penetrating way and are uniformly distributed;
and the gas supply device conveys cooling gas from the lower surface of the turntable to the upper surface through the gas film holes, and forms a heat insulation gas film for supporting the metal film between the upper surface of the turntable and the metal film formed by the metal liquid flow.
The utility model discloses a set up the air film hole on the carousel, the process that makes the air current flow through the carousel just can play the refrigerated effect that flows to the carousel, and the air film of formation can also prevent that high temperature metal liquid direct contact dish from destroying in the face of the carousel ablation, very big improvement the viability of carousel, and the air film can also play the promotion effect to the broken one-tenth of metal liquid film process of dripping simultaneously for the liquid droplet size is littleer, and the powder is thinner.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cooling turntable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the working process of the cooling turntable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The detailed structure and implementation process of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a cooling turntable for high temperature metal centrifugal atomization powder production is disclosed, which comprises a centrifugal turntable 1, a gas film hole 2 and a gas supply device (not shown in the figure).
The turntable 1 is a thin cylinder with a diameter of 30-200 mm and a thickness of 0.5-10 mm, and can be made of metal or non-metal materials which can resist specified high temperature, wherein the specified high temperature corresponds to the temperature of the metal liquid flow to be centrifuged, and in the embodiment, the specified high temperature is at least 150 ℃. The upper and lower surfaces of the turntable 1 are smooth and flat.
In order to enable the rotary table 1 to rotate at a high speed, a disc shaft 3 is installed at the center of a circle of the lower surface of the rotary table 1, the disc shaft 3 is a shaft connected with other components (such as a coupler), the disc shaft 3 can be integrally processed with the rotary table 1, or can be separately processed and then welded or bonded with the rotary table 1, the material for manufacturing the disc shaft 3 is consistent with the material for manufacturing the rotary table 1, the diameter and the length of the disc shaft 3 are designed and processed according to the requirements of installation parts (such as the coupler), and in order to ensure the dynamic balance precision, the disc shaft 3 and the disc 1 are required to have good coaxiality.
The air film hole 2 comprises a plurality of through holes which are arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the turntable 1 in a penetrating way and are uniformly distributed; the diameter of the specific air film hole 2 is changed between 0.1 mm and 2mm, and the shape of the air film hole 2 includes but is not limited to a circle, a rectangle, an ellipse or a triangle, namely, the shape can be any shape on the premise of forming the air film 7. In addition, the opening direction of the air film hole 2 can be vertical to the upper surface of the turntable 1, and can also form an included angle of 0-90 degrees with the upper surface of the turntable 1. However, the air film holes 2 need to be uniformly distributed on the turntable 1, and the uniform distribution means that on the premise of the rotation of the turntable 1, the air film holes 2 need to be connected with each other by front and back air flows when rotating circumferentially so as to form a layer of uniform air film on the upper surface of the turntable 1.
The gas supply device conveys cooling gas from the lower surface to the upper surface of the turntable 1 through the gas film holes 2, so that the passing gas flow forms a heat insulation gas film 7 for supporting the metal film 4 between the upper surface of the turntable 1 and the metal film 5 formed by the metal liquid flow 4. A specific cooling gas may be nitrogen. The specific gas supply device can comprise a gas source for providing cooling gas and a spray pipe which is connected with the gas source and extends to the lower surface of the rotary table 1, and a corresponding spray head can be arranged at the outlet of the spray pipe; the gas supply device sprays gas flow 6 to the lower surface of the turntable 1 through the spray heads according to the parameters of the temperature, the flow and the like of the metal liquid flow 4 under the control of the control system, then the gas flow 6 is sprayed out from the upper surface of the turntable 1 after passing through the gas film holes 2, and a layer of uniform gas film 7 is formed, and the number of the spray heads can be symmetrically arranged according to the required gas flow size.
The air flow sprayed by the air supply device finally forms a layer of uniform air film 7 on the upper surface of the turntable 1 to isolate the metal film 5 from the turntable 1, so as to prevent the turntable 1 from being ablated and damaged by high-temperature metal liquid and play a role in cooling the air film. In the above, the pressure of the air flow 6 needs to be controlled within a proper range, so that a very thin air film 7 is formed on the upper surface of the turntable 1, if the air flow 6 is too large, the metal film 5 will be blown away, and an effective metal film 5 cannot be formed, and if the air flow 6 is too small, the metal film 5 cannot be supported, and a protective air film cannot be formed.
The specific size of the airflow 6 is related to the area of the air film hole 2, and the area of the air film hole 2 is calculated as follows:
firstly, according to a mass flow formula of the film coolant:
in the above formula, TfIs the temperature of the metal stream, TwgIs the highest hot wall temperature, T, of the upper surface of the turntablegTemperature of the gas stream for cooling, hfIs the convective heat transfer coefficient of the metal flow, mcgMass flow of film coolant per unit surface area of cooling rotor, CpvcAverage constant pressure specific heat capacity of gas which is a gas flow coolant, and c is film cooling efficiency;
the diameter of the air film hole can be calculated according to a flow formula of small-hole airflow flow:
in the above formula, a is a flow coefficient, and for direct injection air, the flow coefficient a may be generally 0.8; pgIs the total pressure of the gas stream, TgIs the total temperature of the gas flow, AgG is the specific heat ratio, R is the total area of the air film holes on the rotary tablegIs the gas constant of the gas flow;
wherein the gas constant RgCan be calculated according to the following formula:
in the above formula, R is a general gas constant, and M is the molecular weight of the gas;
total area A of the orificegThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
after the total area of the air film holes on the turntable is obtained, the area and the diameter of each air film hole are calculated according to the number of the air film holes, and the area A of each air film holeigComprises the following steps:
finally obtaining the diameter d of the air film holeigComprises the following steps:
in the above formula, n is the number of the air film holes on the turntable, digThe diameter of each film hole.
After the total area of the air film holes and the area of the single hole are obtained, the required air film flow can be calculated by substituting the flow formula of the formula (2).
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
in the working process of the turntable 1, the turntable 1 is driven by the disc shaft 3 through a motor or an engine and the like to rotate horizontally at a high speed. The melted high-temperature metal flows down at the center (circle center) right above the turntable 1 to form a stable high-temperature metal liquid flow 4. After the metal liquid flow 4 flows to the upper surface of the turntable 1, under the multiple actions of gravity, fluid pressure and turntable centrifugal force, the metal liquid is diffused from the center of the circle to form a layer of metal film 5 to flow to the edge (outer circumference) of the turntable 1. The air flow 6 provided by the air supply device flows to the upper surface of the rotary table 1 from the lower part of the rotary table 1 through the air film holes 2, and the air flow 6 and the rotary table 1 generate convection heat exchange in the process, so that the high temperature on the upper surface of the rotary table 1 is taken away, and the flowing cooling effect is achieved. The airflow 6 flows along the upper surface of the turntable 1 under the dual actions of the gravity of the metal film 5 and the rotating centrifugal force of the turntable 1 to form a very thin air film 7, the metal film 5 is isolated from the turntable 1 by the air film 7, the high-temperature metal liquid is prevented from causing ablation damage to the turntable 1, and the air film cooling effect is achieved. Under the combined action of the fluid inertia force, the turntable centrifugal force and the air film 7, the metal film 5 formed by the high-temperature metal liquid is thrown away at high speed and atomized after reaching the edge of the turntable 1, then is contracted into liquid drops 8 under the action of surface tension, and finally the liquid drops 8 are cooled and solidified in the flight process to form metal powder.
This embodiment is through setting up the air film hole on the carousel, and the process that makes the air current flow through the carousel just can play the refrigerated effect that flows to the carousel, and the air film of formation can also prevent that high temperature metal liquid direct contact dish from destroying to the carousel ablation, very big improvement the viability of carousel, and the air film can also play the promotion effect to the broken one-tenth of metal liquid film process of dripping simultaneously for the liquid droplet size is littleer, and the powder is thinner.
The following describes the calculation of the airflow in a specific embodiment.
Given that the diameter of the turntable 1 is 60mm, the material is 304 stainless steel, the metal liquid flow is high-temperature alloy (mark GH4169), the gas flow 6 is a nitrogen gas film, and according to the formula (1):
Tfthe temperature of the high-temperature alloy GH4169 liquid flow is 100 ℃ higher than the melting point in metal atomization powder preparation, so that the melting point is 1300 ℃, the following components are adopted:
Tf＝1300+273.15＝1573.15℃ (7)
Twgthe highest temperature of the wall surface of the rotary table 1, 304 stainless steel material, is generally 800 ℃ for long-term use, namely:
Twg＝800+273.15＝1073.15K (8)
Tgand (2) performing film cooling by adopting nitrogen at the temperature of the gas film coolant, wherein the temperature of the nitrogen is room temperature, namely:
Tg＝300K (9)
hfthe direct calculation of the value is complex for the heat convection coefficient of the high-temperature alloy on the surface of the turntable 1, and can be obtained through computer numerical simulation or empirical numerical values, wherein simple empirical numerical values are adopted for simple engineering calculation. Accurate numerical results may be based on computer numerical simulations or experimental measurements. Taking a forced convection model of reference liquid, and taking a convection heat transfer coefficient as follows:
hf＝2000W/m·K (10)
the coolant is nitrogen, and at 300K and 5MPa, the specific heat at constant pressure is as follows:
Cpvc＝1120J/kg·K (11)
typically, the gas-liquid cooling efficiency is used to correct the amount of film coolant lost in the high temperature gas stream, which is between about 25% and 65%, and then:
ηc＝50％ (12)
from this it follows that:
for the rotating disc 1, the diameter is:
d＝60mm＝0.06m (14)
the area of the turntable 1 is:
the total required nitrogen cooling film flow is then:
mg＝S·mcg＝2.826×10-3×3.82＝0.011kg/s＝11g/s (16)
it can be seen that for a stainless steel rotating disk of diameter 60mm, the nitrogen film flow rate is at least 11g/s in order to ensure that the operating temperature does not exceed the maximum temperature.
The molecular weight of nitrogen is:
M＝0.028kg/mol (17)
the universal gas constant R is:
the gas constant of nitrogen is then:
nitrogen can be regarded as an ideal gas, and the specific heat ratio g can be taken as follows:
γ＝1.4 (20)
the injection pressure of the air film is set artificially, the injection pressure can be adjusted according to actual conditions in the follow-up process, and the air blower is adopted for pressurization according to actual operation, wherein the injection pressure can be designed as follows:
Pg＝1.1bar (21)
then the orifice area can be calculated as:
namely the total area of the openings on the rotary disc is 54.49mm2。
Typically, the number of openings is selected to be 30, and the area of each orifice is:
the diameter of each orifice is then:
thus obtaining 30 jet holes on the turntable, wherein the diameter of each jet hole is 1.52 mm.
In summary, it can be seen that when the high temperature alloy (GH4169) is centrifugally atomized on a 304 stainless steel rotary disc with a diameter of 60mm, the rotary disc is provided with holes, and is cooled by a nitrogen film, the number of the holes is 30, and the diameter of the holes is 1.52 mm.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations and modifications can be made, consistent with the principles of the invention, which are directly determined or derived from the disclosure herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a cooling carousel for centrifugal atomizing powder process of high temperature metal, includes the carousel for the centrifugation, its characterized in that still includes:
the air film holes comprise a plurality of through holes which are arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the turntable in a penetrating way and are uniformly distributed;
and the gas supply device conveys cooling gas from the lower surface of the turntable to the upper surface through the gas film holes, and forms a heat insulation gas film for supporting the metal film between the upper surface of the turntable and the metal film formed by the metal liquid flow.
2. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
the turntable is cylindrical, the diameter of the turntable is 30-200 mm, and the thickness of the turntable is 0.5-10 mm.
3. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
the cross-sectional shape of the film hole is not limited to circular, rectangular, elliptical or triangular under the condition that the film is formed.
4. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
the opening direction of the air film hole is vertical to the upper surface of the rotary table.
5. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
the opening direction of the air film hole is 0-90 degrees relative to the upper surface of the rotary table.
6. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
the diameter of the air film hole is 0.1-2 mm.
7. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
the turntable is made of metal or nonmetal materials which can resist the temperature of more than 150 ℃.
8. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
the cooling gas is nitrogen.
9. The cooling turntable of claim 1,
and a disc shaft is arranged at the center of the circle of the lower surface of the turntable, and the disc shaft and the turntable are integrally manufactured or are independently manufactured and then are fixedly connected with the turntable.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202120558426.4U CN214557395U (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2021-03-18 | Cooling rotary disc for high-temperature metal centrifugal atomization powder making |
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| CN202120558426.4U CN214557395U (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2021-03-18 | Cooling rotary disc for high-temperature metal centrifugal atomization powder making |
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