CN214536760U - Different-temperature different-speed air supply air conditioning system for operating room - Google Patents
Different-temperature different-speed air supply air conditioning system for operating room Download PDFInfo
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- CN214536760U CN214536760U CN202022814039.0U CN202022814039U CN214536760U CN 214536760 U CN214536760 U CN 214536760U CN 202022814039 U CN202022814039 U CN 202022814039U CN 214536760 U CN214536760 U CN 214536760U
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Abstract
A different temperature different speed air supply air conditioning system of operating room, characterized by, including indoor air supply arrangement, return air system, outdoor two sets of ventilation air conditioning systems working independently; the air supply device is designed into three independent air supply units and comprises a main laminar flow air supply device positioned in the center and wide-mouth low-speed air curtain air supply devices on two sides of the main laminar flow air supply device, and the main laminar flow air supply device is positioned right above an operating table and supplies air to a patient; the low-speed air curtain air supply devices with wide openings on two sides are positioned above the side of the operating table and supply air for surgeons and anaesthetists; the lower parts of the two sides of the long side of the operating table are provided with a plurality of air return ports to form an air return system, and indoor unified air return is adopted; the air conditioning system outside the operating room comprises a circulating unit and an air conditioning unit, wherein the circulating unit is used for sending indoor circulating air with higher temperature and lower speed into a middle laminar air supply device; the air conditioning unit is branched into two air supply pipes which respectively and independently provide processed air supply with lower temperature and humidity for the air supply devices on the two sides.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the air conditioning field.
Background
The local laminar air supply of the operating room is widely used in modern operating rooms, and the laminar flow is only a common name in convention and is commonly used in the medical field. The different criteria are referred to as unidirectional flow, low turbulence displacement flow, or non-induced supply air flow, respectively.
Regardless of the hospital construction standard in China or other developed countries, high-grade operating rooms often require a local laminar air supply device to be arranged right above an operating table. The air supply area of the air supply device of the I-grade clean operating room specified by GB50333-2013 building technical Specification of Hospital clean operating departments in China is 2.4m multiplied by 2.6m, the air supply speed on the working surface is 0.2-0.25 m/s, and the air supply area of the air supply device of the II-grade clean operating room is 1.8m multiplied by 2.6 m. German DIN 1946-4 "medical construction and House Ventilation" requires Ia operating room air supply device 3.2m, and air supply speed is not less than 0.23 m/s. The American ASHRAE170-2017 standard medical facility ventilation stipulates that each side of an air supply outlet of an operating room is 0.3m to 0.45m larger than each side of an operating table top (the air supply area is about 1.2m multiplied by 2.4m to 1.5m multiplied by 2.7m), and the air supply speed is 0.127 m/s to 0.178 m/s.
When the air supply flow is sent into the room, the peripheral air is driven to flow together because the speed of the air supply flow is higher than that of the peripheral air, and the change of the peripheral pressure of the air supply flow has the function of guiding the peripheral air. The higher the air flow speed of the air supply is, the larger the ejection amount is, and the stronger the interference is. The traditional air supply device in the operating room is commonly used, but has 2 major disadvantages:
1. laminar air supply anti-interference difference
Because the operating room adopts the local laminar flow air supply with high cleanliness, polluted air around the air supply device can be continuously injected into laminar flow air flow, so that a clean sterile area formed by clean air flow is reduced. The wind speed of the local laminar flow section is continuously reduced, and the local laminar flow section is easily interfered by surrounding air flow and influenced by the temperature difference of indoor air. Sometimes it is difficult to reach the work surface. The requirement of high sterility and dustless in an operation area can not be ensured.
2. The temperature and humidity of the air supply cannot meet the requirements of doctors and patients at the same time
Because the local laminar air supply of the operating room is sent out by the same temperature and humidity and uniform air speed, and the air supply temperature is the premise of preferentially meeting the comfort level of an operating group, the operation efficiency is improved. The operating team wears the whole set of sterile clothes, the working strength is high, the required temperature and humidity are low, and the wind speed is high. Such supply air temperatures often result in cooler surgical patients and even hypothermia. The anesthesiologist on the patient's head also feels cold, blowing, and uncomfortable.
Disclosure of Invention
The structure of the same air supply device of the operating room and the air supply mode with the same temperature and the same speed are fundamentally changed, the laminar airflow anti-interference performance of the traditional air supply device is improved, the isolation effect of the operating area and the peripheral area is enhanced, the requirements of temperature and humidity of doctors and patients are met, and the indoor optimal sterile, clean and comfortable operating environment of the doctors and the patients is effectively maintained. Wide-mouth low-speed air curtains are arranged on two sides of the main air supply airflow, and the air curtain has low flow rate, small injection amount and small interference on the central main laminar flow airflow; the air curtain is wide, making it difficult for the relatively contaminated air stream outside the clean air stream to penetrate into the central main laminar air stream. The isolation effect is enhanced, the anti-interference capability of laminar flow is improved, and the quality of air flow of air supply is ensured.
Therefore, the following technical scheme is disclosed:
technical scheme one
A different temperature different speed air supply method suitable for operating room, wherein in the operating room, set up three independent air supply units directly over the operating table, including the main laminar flow air supply unit and its two sides wide-mouthed low-speed air curtain air supply unit located in the centre, the long edge both sides inferior part of the operating table sets up several return air inlets;
air filters are arranged at the tail ends of the three air supply devices and the air return inlets;
the middle laminar air supply device is sent into indoor circulating air with higher temperature and lower speed through the circulating unit 2, and the air supply devices on the two sides are sent into air supply with lower temperature and lower humidity processed by the air conditioning unit 7;
the whole air supply device of the system presents air supply states of different temperatures and different speeds of an air curtain and a laminar flow.
Furthermore, the middle main laminar flow air supply device is filtered by the circulating unit 2 through the middle effect and the high efficiency two stages, and is fed into clean and sterile indoor circulating air with higher temperature and lower air speed, so that a sterile and dustless local environment is formed at the operation part of a patient, the possibly-occurring hypothermia of the operation patient is avoided, the operation risk of the patient is reduced, and the comfort level of an anesthesiologist is also met.
Further, the air supply devices of the air curtains on the two sides are processed by the air conditioning unit 7, and are subjected to coarse-effect, medium-effect and high-efficiency three-stage filtration to be sent into clean and sterile air supply with lower temperature and humidity, so that the central main air supply airflow is protected, meanwhile, the surgical personnel cover the clean and sterile air curtain airflow, and the temperature, humidity and air speed meet the operation requirements of the surgical personnel. The air conditioning unit bears all the heat and humidity load of the operating room.
The technical parameters of cleanliness, temperature, humidity and the like are in accordance with corresponding specifications.
The application value is as follows: except for conventional open type operations, the existing minimally invasive operations are more and more, in the prior art, the cold air of an air conditioner often reduces the temperature of an endoscope, the endoscope becomes cloudy due to fogging, the smooth implementation of the minimally invasive operations is prevented, the operation time is prolonged, and the risk of infection of the operation part is increased.
Compare in the air supply arrangement structure of the same box of operating room tradition and with the same fast air supply mode of temperature, this application has strengthened the isolation effect, has improved clean air supply air current interference killing feature, has guaranteed clean sterile region, satisfies doctor and patient's humiture demand simultaneously, improves operating personnel and anesthetic doctor work efficiency, is favorable to the implementation of minimal access surgery. The sterile and dustless operation environment of the operation part is preferentially ensured, the low temperature disease of a patient is avoided, and the infection of the operation part is effectively reduced.
Based on the technical scheme of the air supply method, the method further comprises the following steps:
technical scheme two
A different temperature different speed air supply air conditioning system of operating room, characterized by, including indoor air supply arrangement, return air system, outdoor two sets of ventilation air conditioning systems working independently;
the air supply device is designed into three independent air supply units and comprises a main laminar flow air supply device positioned in the center and wide-mouth low-speed air curtain air supply devices on two sides of the main laminar flow air supply device, and the main laminar flow air supply device is positioned right above an operating table and supplies air to a patient; the low-speed air curtain air supply devices with wide openings on two sides are positioned above the side of the operating table and supply air for surgeons and anaesthetists; the lower parts of the two sides of the long side of the operating table are provided with a plurality of air return ports to form an air return system, and indoor unified air return is adopted;
the air conditioning system outside the operating room comprises a circulating unit 2 and an air conditioning unit 7, wherein the circulating unit 2 is used for sending indoor circulating air with higher temperature and lower speed to a middle laminar air supply device; the air conditioning unit 7 is branched into two air supply pipes which respectively and independently provide processed air supply with lower temperature and humidity for the air supply devices on the two sides.
Furthermore, the three air supply devices are mutually separated and independently supply air, and each air supply pipe is provided with an adjusting air valve so as to ensure that the three air supply surfaces achieve the optimal air supply configuration. The adjusting air valve can be a multi-blade adjusting valve, and can also be a constant air volume control air valve, such as a Venturi constant air volume control device and an air bag type constant air volume control device.
Furthermore, the air supply tail ends of the three mutually independent air supply devices are provided with high-efficiency air filters. The filter can be a high-efficiency filter, and the sub-high-efficiency filter can also be a high-medium-efficiency filter. The three air supply devices can adopt the same grade of air filter, and also can adopt different grades of air filters.
Furthermore, the air outlet of the air supply device with different temperature and different speed of the wide-mouth low-speed air curtain is provided with a grid, so that the stability of the air curtain is enhanced. In the embodiment, the air outlet is provided with a 100mm × 100mm grille, and a grille with other specifications or sizes can be provided, or the grille is not required.
The air supply speed of the wide-mouth low-speed air curtain is required to be not higher than 1m/s, and the width of the air curtain is not less than 100 mm. The technical parameters of the wide-mouth low-speed air curtain are selected according to experimental tests and CFD airflow simulation. As tested by experiments and CFD airflow simulation, the air curtain with wide opening and low speed requires that the air supply speed is higher than 50% of the air flow speed of the middle main air supply. The selection of the wide-mouth low-speed air curtain air speed and the middle main supply air flow air speed depends on experimental tests and CFD air flow simulation. If the air curtain is tested by experiments and verified by CFD airflow simulation, the air curtain with wide opening and low speed can also supply air with the same speed as the main air supply airflow, but the air supply temperature of the air curtain is lower than that of the main air supply airflow. Due to the effect of the air supply temperature difference, the air supply speed of the wide-mouth low-speed air curtain is still higher than that of the main air supply flow.
The air curtain air supply air conditioning unit 7 bears all heat and humidity loads of an operating room, and is connected with external fresh air and indoor return air through pipelines to form an independent control system. By way of example, and not limitation, a primary return air reheat mode may be employed; other air treatment modes such as secondary return air, independent fresh air treatment and the like can also be adopted; all are conventional technologies in the field of heating, ventilation and air supply.
The air supply of the middle main air supply device is provided by a circulating air conditioning unit 2 which is only provided with a fan and an air filter. If the control needs, the circulating air conditioning unit 2 can also be provided with a heat and humidity treatment device to adapt to different operation needs.
An air outlet is arranged at the rear side of the air supply device and right above an anaesthetist, and the air exhaust amount is adjusted to meet the indoor pressure control requirement.
As an example, it is recommended: the width of the middle main air supply device is not less than 1m, the width of the air curtains on the two sides is not less than 0.2m, and the length of the middle main air supply device is 2.6m as that of the air curtain air supply devices on the two sides, so that the air supply airflow can cover the operating table. Other dimensions may be used as verified by experimental testing and CFD airflow simulation.
The return air of the air curtain air conditioning unit 7 and the circulating air conditioning unit 7 of the main air supply airflow adopt indoor unified return air. By way of example and not limitation, the return air volume of the air curtain is not much different from the return air volume of the circulating air conditioning unit of the main supply air stream, and one side of the operating room may be used for each of the two units.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an enclosure-equipped blower device for an operating room;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high-speed air supply device with a narrow opening in an operating room;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present application of a variable temperature blower with a wide-mouth low-speed air curtain and an air conditioning system for a high-end operating room;
FIG. 4 is an air supply device for three cases of the present application;
fig. 5 is a conventional blower unit for a cabinet of an operating room.
Numerical labeling:
1. the air return inlet 2, the circulating unit 3, the circulating air 4 and the main laminar flow air supply device; 5. air curtain air supply device 6, air supply 7, air conditioning unit 8, return air 9 and fresh air
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, the application background introduces
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional air supply device in the operating room, the following measures are adopted:
1. in order to improve the interference resistance of the laminar flow and ensure the air supply quality, the following three methods are generally adopted:
1.1 add higher fender (see attached figure 1) around operating room air supply arrangement, enclose the fender and even reach 1m, protect the air supply air current can steadily send down, this kind of fender is also called the current stabilizer, but has the influence to the operation of surgical team process, has the sense of oppression for operating personnel.
1.2 foreign companies set narrow-mouth high-speed air curtains around the air supply device (see the attached figure 2) to improve the anti-interference performance of the air supply airflow. In order to avoid the strong blowing sense of the high-speed air flow of the air curtain to the operating personnel, the high-speed air curtain is generally moved outwards to avoid the operating personnel, so that the area of the middle main air flow is enlarged, and the energy conservation is not facilitated. The inventor of the application verifies according to experimental research: the high-speed airflow not only disturbs the central laminar airflow due to the strong injection effect of the high-speed airflow, but also causes the central airflow speed to be continuously reduced due to the large injection of the central air supply airflow, thereby also influencing the quality of the air supply airflow.
1.3 the air supply device also requires isothermal air supply to ensure that clean air flow does not shrink but has poor anti-interference performance. The heat and moisture load of the operating room needs to be eliminated by other means, and the manufacturing cost and the operating cost are increased.
2. In order to supply air to the surgical staff, the surgical patients and the anesthetist, a heat-insulating blanket has to be added to the patients to avoid the occurrence of hypothermia of the surgical patients. As for the anaesthetists, only a few more clothes can be worn.
Although these measures also play a certain role, the conventional structure and air supply mode of the air supply device in the operating room are not fundamentally changed, so that the two problems of the interference resistance of laminar air supply airflow and the requirements on temperature and humidity of doctors and patients cannot be met, and therefore, the method and the system for supplying air at different temperatures and different speeds by using the wide-mouth low-speed air curtain in embodiment 1 are provided.
Next, the structure and blowing method of embodiment 1 of the present application will be described
Example 1
Referring to fig. 3, the air supply device with different temperature and different speed for low-speed air curtain with wide bandwidth opening in high-grade operating room and its air conditioning system of the present application includes: a main laminar air supply device 4 arranged right above an operating table, wide-mouth low-speed air curtain air supply devices 5 respectively arranged at two sides, and a 100mm multiplied by 100mm grating 10 (see attached figure 4) arranged at an outlet of the air curtain air supply device. A plurality of air return ports 1 are arranged on two sides of the long edge of the operating table, and indoor unified air return is adopted. The tail ends of the three independent air supply devices (5, 4 and 5) are provided with air filters (the grade of the air filters is determined according to the specification and the operation requirement), and the return air inlet 1 is provided with a medium-efficiency filter (the clean grade is determined according to the specification). The circulating air-conditioning unit 2 connected with the main laminar flow air supply device 4 of the operating room sends the indoor air into the main laminar flow air supply device 4 through the circulating air 3 of the filter in the air return port 1, and the air is circulated continuously. The operating room air conditioning unit 7 mixes fresh air 9 with return air 8 of indoor air through the filter in the return air inlet 1 through the filter, and then sends air 6 subjected to air heat and humidity treatment into the air curtain air supply devices 5 on two sides respectively. The main laminar flow air supply device 4 in the operating room is covered on the operating table by sterile dust-free air supply airflow to protect the operating position from being polluted. The air curtain air supply devices on the two sides cover operating personnel through sterile dust-free air flow.
The two systems of the circulation air conditioning unit 2 and the outdoor air conditioning unit 7 are independently operated.
The embodiment is a class II clean operating room specified in national standard GB50333-2013 building technical Specification of Hospital clean operating department, and the indoor area is 38m2As a standard clean operating room. In compliance with WHO recommended and foreign operating room standards. The main laminar air supply device 5 is arranged right above the operating bed, the size is 1.0m multiplied by 2.6m, and the air supply quantity is 2808m3The surface wind speed is 0.3 m/s. Both sides of the hollowThe size of the air curtain air supply device is 0.4m multiplied by 2.6 m. Fresh air volume 500m3H, air delivery is 3744m3The surface wind speed is 0.5 m/s. An air outlet is arranged above the anaesthetist according to the requirements of the Standard with the air discharge of 200m3And h, the size of the whole air supply device formed by combining the three independent boxes is 1.8m multiplied by 2.6 m. The difference air volume is 300m3And/h, maintaining the positive pressure in the room at 5 Pa. Four air return ports 1 are arranged below the two side walls opposite to the long edge of the operating table for returning air. The circulating air quantity of the circulating unit is 2808m3H is used as the reference value. Air return quantity of air conditioning unit is 3444m3H is used as the reference value. The indoor set temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative humidity is 30-60%. The temperature and humidity can be set by a doctor on site.
The embodiment can be a centralized air treatment or return air self-circulation treatment mode, the purification requirements of the air conditioning system refer to GB50333-2013 building technical Specification of clean operating department of Hospital, and components such as a cooling coil, a heating coil and a humidifying device are often added in the air conditioning unit 7 according to actual requirements so as to meet the necessary air heat and humidity treatment and meet the heat and comfort environmental requirements of the temperature and the humidity in the operating room. It is to be understood that the same are by common general knowledge and conventional means in the art.
The structure of the traditional air supply device (see figure 5) of the same box body in the operating room and the same-temperature and same-speed air supply mode are fundamentally changed.
Claims (1)
1. An operating room different temperature different speed air supply air conditioning system is characterized by comprising an indoor air supply device, an air return system and two outdoor ventilation air conditioning systems which work independently;
the air supply device is designed into three independent air supply units and comprises a main laminar flow air supply device positioned in the center and wide-mouth low-speed air curtain air supply devices on two sides of the main laminar flow air supply device, and the main laminar flow air supply device is positioned right above an operating table and supplies air to a patient; the low-speed air curtain air supply devices with wide openings on two sides are positioned above the side of the operating table and supply air for surgeons and anaesthetists; the lower parts of the two sides of the long side of the operating table are provided with a plurality of air return ports to form an air return system, and indoor unified air return is adopted;
the ventilation air-conditioning system comprises a circulating unit (2) and an air-conditioning unit (7), wherein the circulating unit (2) is a central main laminar flow air supply device and sends indoor circulating air with higher temperature and lower speed; the air conditioning unit (7) is branched into two air supply pipes which respectively provide processed air supply with lower temperature and humidity for the air supply devices on the two sides.
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| CN202022814039.0U CN214536760U (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Different-temperature different-speed air supply air conditioning system for operating room |
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