CN214499245U - Cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge area structure thereof - Google Patents
Cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge area structure thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN214499245U CN214499245U CN202120026878.8U CN202120026878U CN214499245U CN 214499245 U CN214499245 U CN 214499245U CN 202120026878 U CN202120026878 U CN 202120026878U CN 214499245 U CN214499245 U CN 214499245U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- nose bridge
- cooling water
- automobile engine
- cylinder body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge district structure thereof relates to the engine field. The cylinder body structure of the automobile engine comprises an air cylinder body and an air cylinder sleeve, wherein at least two cylinder barrels are arranged on the air cylinder body, and the air cylinder sleeve is embedded and fixed in the cylinder barrels; the cylinder body is positioned between two adjacent cylinders and is provided with a nose bridge area, the width of the nose bridge area is gradually narrowed from two sides to the middle, and the nose bridge area is provided with cooling water holes which obliquely extend downwards from two sides to the middle; the middle position that the inner wall of cylinder corresponds the nose bridge district is equipped with the bellying, and the bellying is located below the top surface of cylinder, and the bellying coincides mutually with the minimum in cooling water hole, is equipped with on the cylinder jacket with the concave part of the unsmooth complex of bellying. The boss just in time corresponds the thinnest position of cooling water hole place wall thickness, prevents that the cooling water hole from boring the inner wall of broken cylinder, and this boss plays better guard action to the biggest risk area, avoids the bridge of the nose district whole to widen and makes the cylinder hole apart from increaseing, has compromise compact size and heat dissipation demand.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, especially, relate to a cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge district structure thereof.
Background
The engine is used as the power device of the automobile, and the structural design of the engine directly determines the power performance and the reliability of the whole automobile. The cylinder body structure of the common automobile engine adopts the combined design of an aluminum alloy cylinder body and a cast iron cylinder sleeve, and the aims of light weight and high strength are fulfilled.
The nose bridge district of current cylinder body can set up the cooling recess and play the effect of heat dissipation cooling, but the processing has the nose bridge district of cooling recess to weaken the structural strength at cylinder body top, and widens the nose bridge district and then can lead to the length increase of whole cylinder structure. In addition, also can adopt the structural design that thin drill bit wore out the cooling inclined water hole in the bridge of the nose district among the current cylinder body, nevertheless when the drill bit bore the middle thin wall position in the bridge of the nose district, can't guarantee that the drill bit can not puncture the bridge of the nose district and then damage the cylinder jacket, can arouse the problem in the coolant liquid infiltration cylinder liner.
In conclusion, the cooling water holes or the grooves designed on the existing cylinder body structure cannot give consideration to the requirements of compact size and heat dissipation of the cylinder body structure.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above problem, an object of the utility model is to provide a cylinder body structure of automobile engine to solve the cooling water hole or the recess of the structural design of current cylinder body, can not compromise the compact and problem of heat dissipation demand of volume of cylinder body structure. Simultaneously the utility model aims at still providing a bridge of the nose district structure of automobile engine cylinder body.
The utility model discloses a technical scheme of automobile engine's cylinder body structure does:
the cylinder body structure of the automobile engine comprises an air cylinder body and an air cylinder sleeve, wherein at least two cylinder barrels are arranged on the air cylinder body, and the air cylinder sleeve is embedded and fixed in the cylinder barrels;
the cylinder body is positioned between two adjacent cylinder barrels and is provided with a nose bridge area, the width of the nose bridge area is gradually narrowed from two sides to the middle, and the nose bridge area is provided with cooling water holes which obliquely extend downwards from two sides to the middle;
the middle position of the inner wall of the cylinder barrel corresponding to the nose bridge area is provided with a protruding part, the protruding part is positioned below the top surface of the cylinder barrel and coincided with the lowest point of the cooling water hole, the cylinder barrel is provided with a groove part corresponding to the protruding part, and the protruding part is in concave-convex fit with the groove part.
Furthermore, a first inner flange is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder barrel and below the top surface, the first inner flange is overlapped with the lowest point of the cooling water hole, and the part of the first inner flange corresponding to the middle position of the nose bridge area forms the boss.
Further, the distance between the far end of the protruding portion and the central axis of the nose bridge area is larger than one half of the size of the inner diameter of the lowest point of the cooling water hole.
Further, the lower edge of the convex part is lower than the lowest point of the cooling water hole.
Furthermore, a first outer ring groove is formed in the cylinder sleeve and is in concave-convex fit with the first inner flange, and a groove portion is formed by the portion, corresponding to the middle position of the nose bridge area, of the first outer ring groove.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the cylinder barrel is also provided with a second inner flange, the shape and size of the second inner flange are the same as those of the first inner flange, the first inner flange and the second inner flange are vertically and symmetrically arranged relative to the height midpoint of the cylinder barrel, and the cylinder sleeve is provided with a second outer ring groove which is in concave-convex fit with the second inner flange.
Furthermore, at least two protruding parts of the cylinder barrel are arranged at the same horizontal height.
Further, the cylinder body and the boss are integrally cast.
Furthermore, the shape of the cooling water hole is V-shaped, and the lowest point of the cooling water hole is a V-shaped tip.
Furthermore, the cooling water hole includes macropore section and aperture section, the aperture section is located the intermediate position in nose bridge district, the macropore section is located the both sides position in nose bridge district.
Has the advantages that: the cylinder sleeve in the cylinder body structure of the automobile engine is embedded in the cylinder barrel of the cylinder body, the nose bridge area between two adjacent cylinder barrels is gradually narrowed from two sides to the middle, the middle position of the inner wall of the cylinder barrel, corresponding to the nose bridge area, is provided with the protruding portion, and the thin-wall portion of the nose bridge area is locally widened by the protruding portion.
In the process of drilling cooling water holes from two sides to the middle of the nose bridge area, the width of the two sides of the nose bridge area is wider, so that the requirement of punching operation can be met without additionally widening; when the cooling water hole extends downwards to the lowest point in an inclined mode, the width of the nose bridge area is narrowed to be the thinnest, the middle position of the nose bridge area is widened below the top face, and the bulge portion coincides with the lowest point of the cooling water hole, so that the widened portion just corresponds to the position where the cooling water hole is located and is the thinnest in wall thickness, the inner wall of the cylinder barrel is effectively prevented from being broken due to the fact that the cooling water hole is drilled through due to the fact that the wall thickness of the widened portion is insufficient, and the design position of the bulge portion plays a better protection role in the maximum risk area.
More crucial, avoided widening the whole hole distance that arouses the cylinder to the bridge of the nose district to increase through designing this bellying, compromise the compact and heat dissipation demand of the volume of cylinder body structure. And the raised part is positioned below the top surface, so that the integrity of the top surface of the cylinder body structure is ensured, the top of the cylinder body has higher structural strength, a good supporting effect on a gasket of a cylinder cover is ensured, and the problem of water seepage among cylinders caused by insufficient sealing is avoided.
The utility model discloses a technical scheme of the bridge of the nose district structure of automobile engine cylinder body does:
the nose bridge area structure of the automobile engine cylinder body comprises a nose bridge area body located between two adjacent cylinder barrels, the width of the nose bridge area body gradually narrows from two sides to the middle, and the nose bridge area body is provided with cooling water holes which obliquely extend downwards from two sides to the middle;
the middle position of nose bridge district body is equipped with the bellying, the bellying is located below the top surface of cylinder, just the bellying with the minimum in cooling water hole coincides mutually, the bellying be used for with the concave part unsmooth cooperation on the cylinder jacket.
Has the advantages that: according to the nose bridge area structure of the automobile engine cylinder body, the thin wall part of the nose bridge area body is locally widened by the aid of the protruding parts, and in the process that cooling water holes are drilled from two sides to the middle of the nose bridge area body, due to the fact that the width of the two sides of the nose bridge area body is wide, the requirement of punching operation can be met without extra widening; when the cooling water hole extends downwards to the lowest point in an inclined mode, the width of the nose bridge area body is narrowed to be the thinnest, the middle position of the nose bridge area body is widened below the top face, the bulge portion coincides with the lowest point of the cooling water hole, the widened portion just corresponds to the thinnest position of the wall thickness of the cooling water hole, the inner wall of the cylinder barrel is effectively prevented from being broken due to the fact that the cooling water hole is drilled through due to the fact that the wall thickness of the widened portion is insufficient, and the design position of the bulge portion plays a better protection role in the maximum risk area.
More crucial, avoided widening the whole hole distance that arouses the cylinder to the nose bridge district body and increaseing through designing this bellying, compromise the compact and heat dissipation demand of the volume of cylinder body structure. And the raised part is positioned below the top surface, so that the integrity of the top surface of the cylinder body structure is ensured, the top of the cylinder body has higher structural strength, a good supporting effect on a gasket of a cylinder cover is ensured, and the problem of water seepage among cylinders caused by insufficient sealing is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view of a cylinder block structure according to embodiment 1 of the cylinder block structure of an automobile engine of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of a cylinder body in a specific embodiment 1 of the cylinder block structure of an automobile engine according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylinder body at the axial line position in the nose bridge region in embodiment 1 of the cylinder body structure of the automobile engine of the present invention
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a cylinder body in embodiment 1 of the cylinder block structure of the automobile engine according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of the cylinder liner in embodiment 1 of the cylinder block structure of the automobile engine of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-cylinder body, 10-cylinder barrel, 11-nose bridge area, 12-first inner flange, 13-second inner flange, 14-cooling water hole, 140-lowest point of cooling water hole, 141-big hole section, 142-small hole section, 2-cylinder jacket, 21-first outer ring groove and 22-second outer ring groove.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the specific embodiment 1 of the cylinder structure of the automobile engine of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the cylinder structure of the automobile engine includes a cylinder body 1 and a cylinder liner 2, at least two cylinders 10 are disposed on the cylinder body 1, and the cylinder liner 2 is embedded and fixed in the cylinders 10; the cylinder body 1 is positioned between two adjacent cylinder barrels 10 and is provided with a nose bridge area 11, the width of the nose bridge area 11 is gradually narrowed from two sides to the middle, and the nose bridge area 11 is provided with cooling water holes 14 which extend downwards from two sides to the middle in an inclined mode; the middle position of the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 10 corresponding to the nose bridge area 11 is provided with a protruding part, the protruding part is positioned below the top surface of the cylinder barrel 10, the protruding part coincides with the lowest point 140 of the cooling water hole, the cylinder sleeve 2 is provided with a groove part corresponding to the protruding part, and the protruding part is in concave-convex fit with the groove part.
The cylinder sleeve 2 is embedded in a cylinder barrel 10 of a cylinder body 1, a nose bridge area 11 between two adjacent cylinder barrels 10 is gradually narrowed from two sides to the middle, a protruding part is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 10 corresponding to the middle position of the nose bridge area 11, and the thin-wall part of the nose bridge area 11 is locally widened by the protruding part.
In the process of drilling the cooling water holes 14 from two sides to the middle of the nose bridge region 11, the width of the two sides of the nose bridge region 11 is wider, so that the requirement of punching operation can be met without extra widening; when the cooling water holes 14 extend downwards to the lowest point in an inclined mode, the width of the nose bridge region 11 is narrowed to be the thinnest, the middle position of the nose bridge region 11 is widened below the top face, and the bulge portion coincides with the lowest point 140 of the cooling water holes, so that the widened portion just corresponds to the position where the cooling water holes 14 are located at the thinnest wall, the situation that the cooling water holes 14 penetrate through the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 10 due to insufficient wall thickness at the position is effectively prevented, and the design position of the bulge portion plays a better protection role in the maximum risk region.
What is more critical is that the bulge is designed to avoid enlarging the hole distance of the cylinder barrel 10 caused by integrally widening the nose bridge area 11, and the requirements of compact size and heat dissipation of the cylinder body structure are met. And the raised part is positioned below the top surface, so that the integrity of the top surface of the cylinder body structure is ensured, the top of the cylinder body has higher structural strength, a good supporting effect on a gasket of a cylinder cover is ensured, and the problem of water seepage among cylinders caused by insufficient sealing is avoided.
In this embodiment, the inner wall of the cylinder 10 is provided with a first inner flange 12 below the top surface, the first inner flange 12 coincides with the lowest point 140 of the cooling water hole, and a portion of the first inner flange 12 corresponding to the middle of the nose bridge region 11 forms a protrusion. Correspondingly, the cylinder liner 2 is provided with a first outer annular groove 21, the first outer annular groove 21 is in concave-convex fit with the first inner flange 12, and a part of the first outer annular groove 21 corresponding to the middle position of the nose bridge region 11 forms a groove part. The inner wall of the cylinder barrel 10 is provided with the first inner flange 12 which is circumferentially arranged, the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve 2 is provided with the first outer annular groove 21 which is circumferentially arranged, the installation angle of the cylinder sleeve 2 does not need to be adjusted and positioned, and the fault tolerance in the cylinder body manufacturing process is improved.
The part of the first inner flange 12 corresponding to the middle position of the nose bridge region 11 forms a convex part, the distance between the far end of the convex part and the central axis of the nose bridge region 11 is larger than one half of the inner diameter size of the lowest point 140 of the cooling water hole, and the lower edge of the convex part is lower than the lowest point 140 of the cooling water hole. Namely, the widened part of the first inner flange 12 formed at the thinnest position of the nose bridge area 11 covers the lowest points 140 of the cooling water holes in the radial width and the axial size, so that the reliable protection effect on the high-risk area easy to break the wall can be ensured.
And, the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 10 is also provided with a second inner flange 13, the shape and size of the second inner flange 13 are the same as those of the first inner flange 12, the first inner flange 12 and the second inner flange 13 are arranged in a vertically symmetrical manner about the height midpoint of the cylinder barrel 10, and the cylinder liner 2 is provided with a second outer ring groove 22 which is in concave-convex fit with the second inner flange 13. The second outer ring groove 22 is formed in the cylinder sleeve 2, so that the front and back installation positions of the cylinder sleeve 2 do not need to be noticed when the cylinder structure is manufactured, and the production efficiency of the cylinder structure of the automobile engine is improved.
The protruding portions of at least two cylinder barrels 10 are disposed at the same level. Specifically, in this embodiment, this automobile engine is four-cylinder engine, and four cylinder barrels 10 are arranged on cylinder block 1 at parallel intervals, have formed three nose bridge district 11 between four cylinder barrels 10 to, the first inner flange 12 and the second inner flange 13 of each cylinder barrel 10 all are in same level, and the both sides of cooling water hole 14 have all been widened the protection promptly, and the protection effect is more abundant to widening of the high risk area of probably broken wall.
The cylinder body 1 is integrally cast with the boss. Wherein, cylinder body 1 adopts the aluminum alloy material to make, cylinder liner 2 adopts cast iron to make, install cylinder liner 2 inside the mould earlier during the preparation, utilize high-pressure casting process to make molten state's aluminum alloy fill to the mould cavity, because the outer wall of cylinder liner 2 is equipped with first outer annular groove 21 and second outer annular groove 22, molten aluminum alloy fills the position to the annular place naturally when die-casting, thereby formed the interior flange of unsmooth complex with it at cylinder 10 inner wall of cylinder body 1, cylinder body 1 and bellying integrated into one piece, structural integrity and heat dispersion are better.
The cooling water hole 14 has a V-shape, and the lowest point 140 of the cooling water hole has a V-shaped tip. The cooling water hole 14 includes a large hole section 141 and a small hole section 142, the small hole section 142 is disposed in the middle of the nasal bridge region 11, and the large hole section 141 is disposed on both sides of the nasal bridge region 11. The combined water hole of the big hole section 141 and the small hole section 142 is designed according to the thickness change of the nose bridge area 11, so that the circulation capacity of the cooling water hole 14 is increased, and the risk of drilling at the thin wall is reduced.
The utility model discloses an other embodiments of automobile engine's cylinder body structure, in order to satisfy different user demands, the bellying is not only limited to the structural design in embodiment 1, can be in the intermediate position in bridge of the nose district and lie in the bulge piece of design protrusion in the cylinder inner wall more than the top surface, and the bulge piece coincides mutually with the minimum in cooling water hole, correspondingly, set up in the unsmooth complex pit of bulge piece at the outer wall of cylinder jacket, play reliable guard action through the bulge piece to the high risk area of easy broken wall. In addition, the shape of the cooling water hole is not limited to the V shape, the cooling water hole can be designed to be arc-shaped, correspondingly, the bulge part coincides with the lowest point of the cooling water hole, and the effective widening protection effect can be achieved.
The utility model discloses a concrete embodiment of structure is distinguished to the bridge of the nose of automobile engine cylinder block, this structure is distinguished to the bridge of the nose of automobile engine cylinder block distinguish the body including the bridge of the nose that is located between two adjacent cylinders, in this embodiment, the bridge of the nose distinguish the body with the utility model discloses a concrete embodiment of cylinder block structure's in the concrete implementation of automobile engine's cylinder block structure the bridge of the nose distinguish the same, no longer gives unnecessary details here.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and replacements can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and replacements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The cylinder body structure of the automobile engine is characterized by comprising a cylinder body and a cylinder sleeve, wherein the cylinder body is provided with at least two cylinder barrels, and the cylinder sleeve is embedded and fixed in the cylinder barrels;
the cylinder body is positioned between two adjacent cylinder barrels and is provided with a nose bridge area, the width of the nose bridge area is gradually narrowed from two sides to the middle, and the nose bridge area is provided with cooling water holes which obliquely extend downwards from two sides to the middle;
the middle position of the inner wall of the cylinder barrel corresponding to the nose bridge area is provided with a protruding part, the protruding part is positioned below the top surface of the cylinder barrel and coincided with the lowest point of the cooling water hole, the cylinder barrel is provided with a groove part corresponding to the protruding part, and the protruding part is in concave-convex fit with the groove part.
2. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a first inner flange is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder tube below the top surface, the first inner flange coincides with the lowest point of the cooling water hole, and a portion of the first inner flange corresponding to the middle of the nose bridge region constitutes the boss portion.
3. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a distance between a distal end of the boss portion and a central axis of the nose bridge region is greater than one-half of a dimension of an inner diameter at a lowest point of the cooling water hole.
4. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a lower edge of the boss portion is lower than a lowest point of the cooling water hole.
5. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 2, characterized in that a first outer ring groove is provided in the cylinder liner, the first outer ring groove is in concave-convex engagement with the first inner flange, and a portion of the first outer ring groove corresponding to a middle position of the nose bridge region constitutes a groove portion.
6. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner wall of the cylinder barrel is further provided with a second inner flange, the shape and size of the second inner flange are the same as those of the first inner flange, the first inner flange and the second inner flange are arranged vertically symmetrically with respect to the middle point of the height of the cylinder barrel, and the cylinder sleeve is provided with a second outer ring groove which is in concave-convex fit with the second inner flange.
7. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting portions of at least two of the cylinder tubes are disposed at the same level.
8. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder block is integrally cast with the boss portion.
9. The block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the cooling water hole is a V-shape, and the lowest point of the cooling water hole is a tip of the V-shape.
10. The cylinder block structure of an automobile engine according to claim 1, wherein the cooling water hole includes a large hole section and a small hole section, the small hole section is provided at a middle position of the nose bridge region, and the large hole section is provided at both side positions of the nose bridge region.
11. The nose bridge area structure of the automobile engine cylinder body is characterized by comprising a nose bridge area body positioned between two adjacent cylinder barrels, wherein the width of the nose bridge area body is gradually narrowed from two sides to the middle, and the nose bridge area body is provided with cooling water holes which obliquely extend downwards from two sides to the middle;
the middle position of nose bridge district body is equipped with the bellying, the bellying is located below the top surface of cylinder, just the bellying with the minimum in cooling water hole coincides mutually, the bellying be used for with the concave part unsmooth cooperation on the cylinder jacket.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120026878.8U CN214499245U (en) | 2021-01-05 | 2021-01-05 | Cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge area structure thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120026878.8U CN214499245U (en) | 2021-01-05 | 2021-01-05 | Cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge area structure thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN214499245U true CN214499245U (en) | 2021-10-26 |
Family
ID=78214405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120026878.8U Active CN214499245U (en) | 2021-01-05 | 2021-01-05 | Cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge area structure thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN214499245U (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-01-05 CN CN202120026878.8U patent/CN214499245U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN214499245U (en) | Cylinder body structure of automobile engine and nose bridge area structure thereof | |
| CN107091164A (en) | A kind of diesel engine and its body water jacket | |
| JP2568831B2 (en) | Water-cooled engine cylinder block | |
| CN207814091U (en) | A kind of hydraulic cylinder universal coupling device | |
| CN215521084U (en) | Small hole step cast iron oil ring | |
| CN215370053U (en) | Cylinder jacket and cylinder block matching structure and internal combustion engine | |
| CN111456863B (en) | Cylinder sleeve cooling device capable of accurately shunting | |
| CN107587950B (en) | Cylinder body structure of water-cooled engine of motorcycle | |
| CN208040546U (en) | Cylinder jacket assembly | |
| CN215761951U (en) | Middle cylinder sleeve | |
| CN209855912U (en) | Mounting structure of cylinder head water-cooling exhaust valve seat | |
| CN113685285A (en) | Cast-in cylinder sleeve with middle milled hole | |
| CN216157772U (en) | Engine water jacket and engine with same | |
| CN211500812U (en) | Water-cooling motorcycle cylinder body | |
| CN107989711A (en) | The cooling jacket of Multi-cylinder diesel engine cylinder body | |
| CN204783307U (en) | Circle is inlayed to piston | |
| CN220909836U (en) | Piston head | |
| CN211314390U (en) | Engine body cylinder hole structure and engine with same | |
| CN202611899U (en) | Reinforced cylinder sleeve for motorcycle engine | |
| CN212716920U (en) | Engine piston structure | |
| CN211819670U (en) | Cylinder sleeve structure and engine | |
| CN210948915U (en) | Cylinder body structure of motorcycle engine | |
| CN211500817U (en) | Mixed cooling type motorcycle cylinder body | |
| CN215633379U (en) | Piston assembly and engine | |
| CN213899127U (en) | Piston crown of ionic nitriding |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |