CN214477144U - Controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conduction switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a controllable multi-electrode high voltage switch-on switch, including relative interval with direction parallel arrangement's first main electrode and second main electrode, special spatial position's first auxiliary needle electrode, second auxiliary needle electrode, third auxiliary needle electrode and fourth auxiliary needle electrode to and be used for producing the trigger circuit of short circuit electric arc on each pair of electrode. According to the controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conduction switch, on one hand, a multi-electrode structure that four auxiliary needle electrodes are matched with two main electrodes is adopted, so that any measures such as gap distance adjustment or gas pressure are not needed between the two main electrodes, a fragile ceramic insulating sleeve is not used, and instead, air insulation with self-recovery insulation is adopted, so that the reliability of the high-voltage switch is greatly improved; on the other hand, under the matching of a matched trigger circuit, even if the voltage between the two main electrodes is as low as 2-3 kV or as high as the rated breakdown voltage, reliable insulation and smooth ignition can be realized within the wide voltage range.

Description

Controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conduction switch

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a high tension switchgear technical field, concretely relates to controllable multi-electrode high pressure switch on switch.

Background

The three-electrode high-voltage switch is a device capable of controlling the high-voltage circuit to be switched on, and is generally applied to various high-voltage equipment and circuits. The three-electrode high-voltage switch generally consists of two main contacts and an auxiliary ignition contact, wherein usually two identical spheres form the main contacts, and then one of the spheres penetrates through the middle part of the main contact and penetrates into a needle-shaped auxiliary electrode by using an insulating ceramic tube; it is also common to provide a needle-shaped auxiliary contact directly at the midpoint of the gap between the two spheres as a trigger electrode. The gap between two spheres of some three-electrode high-voltage switches is not changed, and some three-electrode high-voltage switches can be adjusted.

The three-electrode high-voltage switch has the advantages that the working voltage is stable, the structure is simple, the gap between the two spheres is a slightly uneven air gap, and the breakdown voltage randomly changes within a certain small range. However, in general, the voltage of the discharge loop controlled by the switch may be adjusted, and the amplitude may be relatively large. The rated working voltage range of the three-electrode high-voltage switch with the fixed distance is narrow, and if the actual working voltage is much lower than the rated working voltage, the high-voltage switch can not be conducted certainly; if the actual operating voltage is much higher than the nominal operating voltage, the actual voltage will directly break down the high voltage switch. In view of the above, the conventional three-electrode high-voltage switch has a narrow controllable voltage range due to the fixed distance between the two electrodes. In various high-voltage experiments or high-voltage equipment, it is generally desirable that the high-voltage switch can adjust the distance between the electrodes according to the required voltage level, so that the breakdown voltage range is wide enough.

At present, a three-electrode high-voltage switch with an adjustable distance between two spheres is generally manually adjusted or automatically adjusted by a mechanical electronic system, the manual adjustment is generally realized by adjusting a fixing screw of the spheres, and the automatic adjustment of the mechanical electronic system needs to use a motor. The inventor of the utility model finds, through research, that the manual adjustment is simple but cannot be operated in a live-line manner, the adjustment of the gap between the two spheres is often not accurate enough, and the technical requirements on operators are high; the automatic adjustment of the electronic system needs the matching of a motor, the motor must drive a control circuit, and the automatic adjustment device needs to be matched with a sensor for use or detect the reset in-place condition, so that the gap distance adjustment process is complex, and the motor can be blocked occasionally; meanwhile, the detection loop signal is very weak and is easily interfered by an external high-voltage electric field or a large-current magnetic field, so that the difficulty of distance detection and adjustment is undoubtedly increased; in addition, the insulating ceramic tube between the needle-shaped auxiliary electrode and the main electrode is often cracked and damaged due to discharge between the electrodes and needs to be replaced frequently due to inherent defects of the working principle.

A needle-shaped auxiliary contact is arranged at the middle point of the gap between the two spheres to serve as a three-electrode high-voltage switch of a trigger electrode, and a high-voltage capacitor is required to be connected between the auxiliary contact and a starting pulse output terminal of the pulse transformer in series to isolate a high-voltage direct current component. The requirement on the rated voltage of the blocking capacitor is high, the capacity is generally extremely small, the actual ignition pulse width is narrow, the amplitude is low, and particularly, the probability of ignition rejection is extremely high when the two main electrodes to be controlled are at low voltage. Moreover, if the action voltage is to be adjusted, two distance parameters between the auxiliary pin electrode and the two main electrodes may need to be adjusted, and the adjustment is extremely inconvenient.

In summary, there is a need for an innovative development of a gap distance marginally adjustable high voltage switch without adjusting the breakdown parameter between the main electrodes.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Narrow to current three electrode high voltage switch breakdown voltage scope, electrode gap breakdown parameter needs the adjustment, adjusts inaccurate, inconvenient, the poor and vulnerable part of interference performance need frequently change's technical problem, the utility model provides a controllable multi-electrode high voltage switch on.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme:

a controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conduction switch comprises a first main electrode, a second main electrode, a first auxiliary needle electrode, a second auxiliary needle electrode, a third auxiliary needle electrode, a fourth auxiliary needle electrode, a first insulator, a second insulator, a third insulator, a fourth insulator, a fifth insulator, a sixth insulator and a trigger circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the first main electrode and the second main electrode are oppositely arranged in parallel at intervals, the nearest distance d between the first main electrode and the second main electrode is approximately equal to U/3, U is the preset rated breakdown voltage between the first main electrode and the second main electrode, the lower side surface of the first main electrode is provided with a first connecting hole, one end of the first insulator is fixedly arranged in the first connecting hole, and the other end of the first insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell;

a second connecting hole is formed in the upper side face of the second main electrode, one end of the second insulator is fixedly installed in the second connecting hole, the other end of the second insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, a through hole is formed in one end, far away from the second insulator, of the second main electrode in the radial direction, the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the axis of the second main electrode, the fourth auxiliary needle electrode is coaxially arranged in the through hole in a clearance mode, the outer surface of the needle electrode is insulated from the inner surface of the through hole, the root of the upper end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode extends out of the through hole to be connected with one end of the third insulator, the other end of the third insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, and the needle point of the lower end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode is flush with the lowest edge of the lower side face of the second main electrode;

the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode is horizontally arranged at the middle point of the perpendicular line from the needle point at the lower end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode to the upper side surface of the first main electrode, the root of the third auxiliary needle electrode is connected with one end of a fourth insulator, and the other end of the fourth insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell; the needle point of the second auxiliary needle electrode is horizontally arranged at the distance d/2 of the horizontal right side of the third auxiliary needle electrode, the root of the second auxiliary needle electrode is connected with one end of a fifth insulator, the other end of the fifth insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, and the axis of the second auxiliary needle electrode is vertical to the connecting line of the needle point of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode and the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode and is vertical to the connecting line of the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode and the needle point of the second auxiliary needle electrode; horizontally arranging the needle point of the first auxiliary needle electrode at a distance d/2 from the horizontal right of the second auxiliary needle electrode, connecting the root of the first auxiliary needle electrode with one end of a sixth insulator, and fixing the other end of the sixth insulator on the inner surface of the switch shell, so that the third auxiliary needle electrode, the second auxiliary needle electrode and the first auxiliary needle electrode are arranged together in a symmetrical horizontal plane between the first main electrode and the second main electrode;

the trigger circuit is respectively connected with six electrodes including a second main electrode, a fourth auxiliary needle electrode, a third auxiliary needle electrode, a second auxiliary needle electrode, a first auxiliary needle electrode and a first main electrode, every two adjacent electrodes in the six electrodes form a pair of electrodes including five pairs of electrodes, and the trigger circuit is used for generating electric arcs on the four rear pairs of electrodes and completing short circuit of the four rear pairs of electrodes by using the electric arcs.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a controllable many electrode high voltage switch on adopts the many electrode structure of four auxiliary needle electrodes cooperation two main electrodes on the one hand for do not use any measure of adjusting clearance breakdown voltage between two main electrodes, for example clearance distance adjustment, gas pressure regulation etc. do not have fragile ceramic insulation sleeve between auxiliary needle electrode (fourth auxiliary needle electrode) and the main electrode (second main electrode), the substitute is insulating self-resuming air insulation, above measures, do not have the distance adjustment measure very much, do not have any atmospheric pressure control circuit yet, therefore very big increase this controllable many electrode high voltage switch on's reliability; on the other hand is under supporting trigger circuit's cooperation, even the low to 2 ~ 3kV of voltage between two owner electrodes, the utility model provides a controllable high tension switchgear of multielectrode also can reliably ignite to even the voltage between two owner electrodes is high to being close rated operating voltage and not puncturing by oneself. Therefore, the problems that the manual control of the existing three-electrode high-voltage switch is inaccurate, and the automatic control needs feedback control and anti-interference can be solved, no adjustment is needed, and the use is very convenient; meanwhile, the high-voltage switch has the characteristic of insulating self-recovery and can be widely applied to a plurality of automatic high-voltage devices or circuits.

Further, the first main electrode and the second main electrode are cylindrical or elliptic cylindrical conductors with rounded edges.

Further, the first main electrode and the second main electrode are elliptic cylindrical conductors with rounded edges, and long axes of the two elliptic cylindrical conductors are horizontally arranged.

Further, the length of the first main electrode and the length of the second main electrode are 2.5-4 d.

Further, the equivalent outer arc radius r at the nearest point of the lower side surface of the first main electrode and the upper side surface of the second main electrode is more than 1-2 d.

Further, the gap between the outer surface of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode and the inner surface of the through hole is 0.7-1 mm.

Furthermore, the third auxiliary needle electrode, the second auxiliary needle electrode and the first auxiliary needle electrode are arranged together in a radial manner at an angle of 120 degrees in a symmetrical horizontal plane between the first main electrode and the second main electrode.

Further, the trigger circuit comprises a 48V direct-current power supply DC, a charging current-limiting resistor Ra, a photoelectric isolator Ph, a photoelectric isolator current-limiting resistor Rh, adjustable potentiometers Rb and Rc, a driving capacitor Ca, a bidirectional trigger diode Db3, a bidirectional thyristor V, an energy storage capacitor C, an isolation type step-up transformer T, isolation diodes D1 and D4, current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4 and an isolation inductor L; wherein, the positive terminal of the 48V direct current power supply DC is connected with one end of a charging current-limiting resistor Ra, the negative end of the 48V direct current power supply DC is grounded, the other end of the charging current-limiting resistor Ra is connected with one end of an adjustable potentiometer Rb, a bidirectional thyristor V and an energy-storage capacitor C, the other end of the adjustable potentiometer Rb is connected with one controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph, the other controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph is connected with one ends of the driving capacitor Ca, the adjustable potentiometer Rc and the bidirectional trigger diode Db3, the other end of the bidirectional trigger diode Db3 is connected with the gate of the bidirectional thyristor V, the other ends of the driving capacitor Ca, the adjustable potentiometer Rc and the bidirectional thyristor V are grounded, a control end incoming terminal K + and an outgoing terminal K-of the photoelectric isolator Ph are connected with an external signal output terminal, and the current limiting resistor Rh of the photoelectric isolator is connected in series with the outgoing terminal K-; the other end of the energy storage capacitor C is connected with one end P1 of a primary winding P of the isolation type booster transformer T, and the other end P2 of the primary winding P is grounded; the secondary side of the isolation type step-up transformer T is provided with four windings S1, S2, S3 and S4, the homonymous ends of the windings S1 and S4 are both above, the homonymous ends of the windings S2 and S3 are both below, a winding S1 outgoing line is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R1, a winding S2 outgoing line is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R2, a winding S3 outgoing line is connected with one end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3, the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3 is connected with the anode of an isolation diode D3, the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3 is connected with the anode of the isolation diode D3, the cathode of the isolation diode D3 is connected with the homonymous end S3 of the winding S3, and the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3 is connected with the heteronymous end S3 of the current-limiting protection resistor S3; the synonym end S11 of winding S1 is connected with first main electrode and output wiring terminal P4, first auxiliary needle electrode is still connected to isolation diode D1 ' S negative pole, the second auxiliary needle electrode is still connected to current-limiting protection resistance R2 ' S the other end, third auxiliary needle electrode is still connected to current-limiting protection resistance R3 ' S the other end, fourth auxiliary needle electrode and isolation inductance L ' S one end are connected to isolation diode D4 ' S negative pole, output wiring terminal P3 is connected to isolation inductance L ' S the other end, output wiring terminal P3 ' S the other end is connected with the second main electrode.

Further, the downside of first main electrode and the upside of second main electrode are equipped with the electrode lead-out wire mounting hole, the different name end S11 of winding S1 is connected with the electrode lead-out wire of first main electrode lead-out wire mounting hole installation, the other end of output binding post P3 is connected with the electrode lead-out wire of second main electrode lead-out wire mounting hole installation.

Furthermore, the isolation diodes D1 and D4 are diodes with the same type and withstand voltage of 1.5-2 times of the maximum breakdown voltage of the gap between the two main electrodes.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the trigger circuit of the controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conduction switch provided by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrode and supporting insulator spatial arrangement in the controllable multi-electrode high-voltage on-switch provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a side view schematic diagram of the electrode and insulator spatial arrangement in the controllable multi-electrode high-voltage on-switch.

In the figure, 1, a first main electrode; 2. a second main electrode; 3. a first auxiliary needle electrode; 4. a second auxiliary needle electrode; 5. a third auxiliary needle electrode; 6. a fourth auxiliary needle electrode; 7. a first insulator; 8. a second insulator; 9. a third insulator; 10. a fourth insulator; 11. a fifth insulator; 12. a sixth insulator; 13. a trigger circuit; 14. and an electrode lead-out wire mounting hole.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, creation features, achievement purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand and understand, the present invention is further explained by combining with the specific drawings.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "radial", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a controllable multi-electrode high-voltage switch, which includes a first main electrode 1, a second main electrode 2, a first auxiliary needle electrode 3, a second auxiliary needle electrode 4, a third auxiliary needle electrode 5, a fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6, a first insulator 7, a second insulator 8, a third insulator 9, a fourth insulator 10, a fifth insulator 11, a sixth insulator 12 and a trigger circuit 13; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 are oppositely arranged in parallel at intervals, the nearest distance d between the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 is approximately U/3, U is a preset rated breakdown voltage between the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2, the unit of d is mm, the unit of U is kV, a first connecting hole is formed in the lower side surface of the first main electrode 1, one end of a first insulator 7 is fixedly installed in the first connecting hole, and the other end of the first insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell so as to ensure reliable insulation between the first main electrode 1 and the switch shell;

a second connecting hole is arranged on the upper side surface of the second main electrode 2, one end of the second insulator 8 is fixedly arranged in the second connecting hole, the other end is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, so as to ensure reliable insulation between the second main electrode 2 and the switch housing, a through hole such as a circular through hole is radially arranged at one end of the second main electrode 2 away from the second insulator 8, the axis of the through hole is vertically crossed with the axis of the second main electrode 2, the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 is coaxially arranged in the through hole with a gap, the outer surface of the needle electrode is insulated with the inner surface of the through hole, namely, the outer diameter of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 is smaller than the aperture of the through hole, the root part of the upper end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 extends out of the through hole and is connected with one end of a third insulator 9, the other end of the third insulator 9 is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell and keeps insulated, and the needle point of the lower end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 is flush with the lowest edge of the lower side surface of the second main electrode 2;

the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 is horizontally arranged at the middle point of a perpendicular line from the needle point of the lower end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 to the upper side surface of the first main electrode 1, the root of the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 is connected with one end of a fourth insulator 10, and the other end of the fourth insulator 10 is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell; the needle point of the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 is horizontally arranged at a distance d/2 of the horizontal right of the third auxiliary needle electrode 5, the root of the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 is connected with one end of a fifth insulator 11, the other end of the fifth insulator 11 is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, and the axis of the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 is perpendicular to the connecting line of the needle point of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 and perpendicular to the connecting line of the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 and the needle point of the second auxiliary needle electrode 4; horizontally arranging the needle point of the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 at a distance d/2 from the horizontal right of the second auxiliary needle electrode 4, connecting the root of the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 with one end of a sixth insulator 12, and fixing the other end of the sixth insulator 12 on the inner surface of the switch shell, so that the third auxiliary needle electrode 5, the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 and the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 are arranged together in a symmetrical horizontal plane between the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2;

the trigger circuit 13 is connected to six electrodes, namely a second main electrode 2, a fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6, a third auxiliary needle electrode 5, a second auxiliary needle electrode 4, a first auxiliary needle electrode 3 and a first main electrode 1, wherein every two adjacent electrodes in the six electrodes form a pair of electrodes, namely the second main electrode 2 and the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 form a pair of electrodes, the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 form a pair of electrodes, the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 and the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 form a pair of electrodes, the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 and the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 form a pair of electrodes, the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 and the first main electrode 1 form a pair of electrodes, so that five pairs of electrodes are formed, and the trigger circuit 13 is used for generating an arc on the fourth pair of electrodes and completing short-connection of the fourth pair of electrodes after the arc.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a controllable many electrode high voltage switch on adopts the many electrode structure of four auxiliary needle electrodes cooperation two main electrodes on the one hand for do not use any measure of adjusting clearance breakdown voltage between two main electrodes, for example clearance distance adjustment, gas pressure regulation etc. do not have fragile ceramic insulation sleeve between auxiliary needle electrode (fourth auxiliary needle electrode) and the main electrode (second main electrode), the substitute is insulating self-resuming air insulation, above measures, do not have the distance adjustment measure very much, do not have any atmospheric pressure control circuit yet, therefore very big increase this controllable many electrode high voltage switch on's reliability; on the other hand is under supporting trigger circuit's cooperation, even the low to 2 ~ 3kV of voltage between two owner electrodes, the utility model provides a controllable high tension switchgear of multielectrode also can reliably ignite to even the voltage between two owner electrodes is high to being close rated operating voltage and not puncturing by oneself. Therefore, the problems that the manual control of the existing three-electrode high-voltage switch is inaccurate, and the automatic control needs feedback control and anti-interference can be solved, no adjustment is needed, and the use is very convenient; meanwhile, the high-voltage switch has the characteristic of insulating self-recovery and can be widely applied to a plurality of automatic high-voltage devices or circuits.

As a specific embodiment, the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 are cylindrical or elliptic cylindrical conductors with rounded edges, so that the electric field strength at the edges can be weakened, the uniformity of the electric field between the two electrodes can be ensured, and the stability of the switch can be improved.

As a specific embodiment, the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 are elliptical cylindrical conductors with rounded edges, and the major axes of the two elliptical cylindrical conductors are horizontally arranged and vertically arranged corresponding to the minor axes of the two elliptical conductors, so that the maximum facing surface area between the two main electrodes can be ensured, and further, the electrode material can be reduced or the electric field between the two main electrodes of the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 is more uniform under the condition that the usage amount of the electrode material is the same, thereby further improving the stability of the switch.

In a specific embodiment, the lengths of the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 are 2.5-4 d, so that the amount of electrode materials can be saved, and the electric field between the two main electrodes of the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 is ensured to be uniform.

As a specific embodiment, the equivalent outer arc radius r at the nearest point of the lower side surface of the first main electrode 1 and the upper side surface of the second main electrode 2 is more than 1-2 d, thereby ensuring that the air gap between the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 is a slightly nonuniform electric field.

As a specific embodiment, the gap between the outer surface of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the inner surface of the through hole is 0.7-1 mm, so that air gas can be filled between the outer surface of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the inner surface of the through hole, the insulation can be self-recovered, and the insulation breakdown voltage is very low and is only 2-3 kV.

As a specific example, referring to fig. 3, the third auxiliary needle electrode 5, the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 and the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 are arranged together in a radial manner at an angle of 120 ° in a symmetrical horizontal plane between the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2, thereby ensuring that the fourth insulator 10, the fifth insulator 11, the sixth insulator 12 and the like of the fixed pin electrode have enough installation space, meanwhile, the distance between two needle points of a pair of electrodes, namely the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 is shortest, the distance between two needle points of a pair of electrodes, namely the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 and the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 is shortest, the distance between two needle points of a pair of electrodes, namely the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 and the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 is also shortest, when an ignition pulse is applied, an ignition arc is generated only between the tip pairs, and no ignition arc is generated at other positions between the tip pairs.

As a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the trigger circuit 13 includes a 48V DC power supply DC, a charging current-limiting resistor Ra, a photo isolator Ph, a photo isolator current-limiting resistor Rh, adjustable potentiometers Rb and Rc, a driving capacitor Ca, a diac Db3, a triac V, an energy-storage capacitor C, an isolated step-up transformer T, isolated diodes D1 and D4, current-limiting protection resistors R1 to R4, and an isolation inductor L; wherein, the positive terminal of the 48V direct current power supply DC is connected with one end of a charging current-limiting resistor Ra, the negative end of the 48V direct current power supply DC is grounded, the other end of the charging current-limiting resistor Ra is connected with one end of an adjustable potentiometer Rb, a bidirectional thyristor V and an energy-storage capacitor C, the other end of the adjustable potentiometer Rb is connected with one controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph, the other controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph is connected with one ends of the driving capacitor Ca, the adjustable potentiometer Rc and the bidirectional trigger diode Db3, the other end of the bidirectional trigger diode Db3 is connected with the gate of the bidirectional thyristor V, the other ends of the driving capacitor Ca, the adjustable potentiometer Rc and the bidirectional thyristor V are grounded, a control end incoming terminal K + and an outgoing terminal K-of the photoelectric isolator Ph are connected with an external signal output terminal, and the current limiting resistor Rh of the photoelectric isolator is connected in series with the outgoing terminal K-; the other end of the energy storage capacitor C is connected with one end P1 of a primary winding P of the isolation type booster transformer T, and the other end P2 of the primary winding P is grounded; the secondary side of the isolation type boosting transformer T is provided with four windings S1, S2, S3 and S4, the dotted ends of the windings S1 and S4 are both on the upper side, the dotted ends of the windings S2 and S3 are both on the lower side, an outgoing line of the winding S1 is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R1, an outgoing line of the winding S2 is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R2, an outgoing line of the winding S3 is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R3, an outgoing line of the winding S4 is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R4, namely, the outgoing line of each winding is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor, the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R1 is connected with the anode of an isolation diode D1, the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R4 is connected with the anode of an isolation diode D4, the cathode of the isolation diode D1 is connected with the end S21 with the same name of the winding S2, the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R2 is connected with a homonymous terminal S31 of the winding S3, and the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3 is connected with a synonym terminal S41 of the winding S4; the synonym end S11 of winding S1 is connected with first main electrode 1 and output wiring terminal P4, first auxiliary needle electrode 3 is still connected to isolation diode D1 ' S negative pole, second auxiliary needle electrode 4 is still connected to current-limiting protection resistance R2 ' S the other end, third auxiliary needle electrode 5 is still connected to current-limiting protection resistance R3 ' S the other end, fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and isolation inductance L ' S one end are connected to isolation diode D4 ' S negative pole, output wiring terminal P3 is connected to isolation inductance L ' S the other end, output wiring terminal P3 ' S the other end is connected with second main electrode 2.

In the specific embodiment of the trigger circuit, after the 48V direct-current power supply DC supplies power, the power supply charges the energy storage capacitor C through the charging current-limiting resistor Ra, the primary winding P of the isolated boost transformer T only serves as a connection line, the charging current is small due to the limitation of the charging current-limiting resistor Ra, the current flowing through the primary winding of the isolated boost transformer T has small fluctuation and cannot excite a large magnetic field, and therefore the secondary winding of the isolated boost transformer T outputs a very small induced voltage and cannot cause ignition. When charging voltage is established at two ends of the energy storage capacitor C, the 48V direct current power supply DC also charges the driving capacitor Ca through the adjustable potentiometer Rb and the controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph, but the control end of the photoelectric isolator Ph does not receive a control signal, the impedance of the controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph is high, and meanwhile the driving capacitor Ca also discharges the adjustable potentiometer Rc; if the resistance values of the adjustable potentiometers Rb and Rc are properly adjusted, the voltage of the end of the driving capacitor Ca is lower than the action voltage 36V of the bidirectional trigger diode Db3, and the trigger tube Db3 of the bidirectional thyristor V does not act.

As a specific embodiment, if the charging time of the energy storage capacitor C is long, and the voltage across the energy storage capacitor C is close to 48V of the direct current power supply DC, when the control terminal of the photo-isolator Ph receives a control signal, the impedance of the controlled terminal of the photo-isolator Ph becomes low, and if the resistance values of the two resistors Rb and Rc are properly adjusted, the voltage across the driving capacitor Ca is above the action voltage 36V of the diac Db3, the diac Db3 acts and breaks down, the charge on the driving capacitor Ca is suddenly injected into the gate of the triac V through the diac Db3, and the triac V is instantly turned on. When the bidirectional thyristor V is conducted, the energy storage capacitor C suddenly discharges to a primary winding P of the isolation type boosting transformer T through the bidirectional thyristor V, sudden current is excited to secondary windings S1-S4 of the isolation type boosting transformer T, if the turn ratio of the primary winding to the secondary winding of the isolation type boosting transformer T is proper, positive and negative high-voltage pulses higher than half of the intrinsic breakdown voltage of the gap between the two main electrodes are induced in the secondary windings S1-S4, at the moment, the voltage polarity of the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 relative to the first main electrode 1 is positive, and the air gap between the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 and the first main electrode 1 is broken down by the high voltage; the voltage polarity of the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 relative to the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 is negative, and the air gap between the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 and the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 is also broken down by the high voltage; the voltage polarity of the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 relative to the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 is also negative, and the air gap between the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 and the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 is also broken down by high voltage; the voltage polarity of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 relative to the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 is positive, and an air gap between the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 is broken down by high voltage; but the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 has a voltage value of 0 with respect to the first main electrode 1. Namely a first main electrode 1, a first auxiliary needle electrode 3, a second auxiliary needle electrode 4, a third auxiliary needle electrode 5 and a fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6, and in four electrode pairs consisting of the five electrodes, an air gap between each electrode pair is broken down respectively, and the four breakdown arcs pull down the potential of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 to be close to the ground potential.

As a specific example, if P4 is the reference ground, and P3 is connected with a high positive voltage, during the process that the potential of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 is pulled down to be close to the reference ground potential, the air gap between the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the second main electrode 2 will break down quickly, thereby forming a five-segment arc, and the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 are switched on in a short circuit mode. If P4 is the reference ground and P3 is not connected with a positive high voltage, the gap between the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the second main electrode 2, such as 0.7-1 mm, will not break down.

In a specific embodiment, when the positive voltage slowly rises or is stabilized at a certain high voltage, the P3 point causes the high voltage to drop in the reverse direction on the four secondary windings of the isolated step-up transformer T, the external current-limiting protection resistors R1 to R4, and the isolation diodes D1 and D4, and since the diodes have a small reverse leakage current, most of the high voltage is subjected to voltage division by the isolation diodes D1 and D4. The high voltage at the point P3 is not greatly influenced by four windings on the secondary side of the isolation type boosting transformer T, external current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4 and isolation diodes D1 and D4. If the current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4 and the isolation diodes D1 and D4 are in accordance with the respective selection type, the isolation diodes D1 and D4 bear nearly half of the high voltage of P3, namely the voltage between the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 is half of the high voltage between two points P3-P4; similarly, the voltage between the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 and the first main electrode 1 is also half of the voltage between the two points P3-P4. On the contrary, the voltage difference between the first sub-needle electrode 3 and the second sub-needle electrode 4 is close to 0, and the voltage difference between the second sub-needle electrode 4 and the third sub-needle electrode 5 is also close to 0, i.e., the three sub-needle electrodes are equipotential. And because these three auxiliary needle electrodes are all located in the middle of two main electrodes of first main electrode 1 and second main electrode 2, do not influence the electric field distribution state between them seriously, so the steady state electric field distribution between two main electrodes is approximately even, will not appear the electric field distortion and discharge.

When an ignition signal is input between the incoming terminal K + and the outgoing terminal K-, the nodes F1-F4 output high-voltage pulses with different polarities; because the output voltages of the two dotted terminals and the two different dotted terminals in the four secondary windings of the isolated step-up transformer T are mutually offset, the fourth auxiliary pin electrode 6 and the second main electrode 2 will not be actively broken down by the ignition pulse.

As a specific embodiment, it should be noted that the isolation inductor L plays a role of transferring the high voltage difference between the two nodes P3 and P4 to the four secondary windings of the isolation type step-up transformer T and the connected current-limiting protection resistors R1 to R4, and the isolation diodes D1 and D4 before each pair of electrodes are short-circuited by arc discharge. If the isolating inductor L is removed, the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 is too close to the second main electrode 2, and self-breakdown occurs, so that a small arc connects the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 and the second main electrode 2. The isolation inductor L cannot be replaced by a resistor or a capacitor, and cannot be connected by a short circuit line; specifically, if the isolation inductor L is replaced by a resistor with a smaller resistance value or short-circuit connection is performed through a short circuit, two diodes D1 and D4 are just conducted just before the ignition voltage appearing on the four secondary windings of the isolation type step-up transformer T reaches the ignition voltage of each gap, and the two nodes P3 and P4 are relatively likely to have large capacity due to the connection of a load, the voltage difference between the two nodes P3 and P4 can pass through the resistor with smaller resistance value replaced at the isolation inductor L, or the short-circuit line is superposed on the current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4, the voltage of the node F4 is clamped by the load voltage, the ignition voltage amplitude between the different-name end winding outgoing lines (F1 and F2, F2 and F3) is reduced, that is, the voltage amplitude of the gap between the first auxiliary needle electrode 3 and the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 and the voltage amplitude of the gap between the second auxiliary needle electrode 4 and the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 decrease, so that the ignition capability is lost, and further, the ignition failure may be caused. If the isolation inductor L is replaced with a capacitor with a large capacitance value, at the moment of respective ignition of the four secondary windings of the isolation type step-up transformer T, the abrupt voltage across the small gap between the second main electrode 2 and the fourth auxiliary pin electrode 6 is absorbed by the large-capacity capacitor replaced at the isolation inductor L, thereby causing the gap to fail to ignite.

As a specific embodiment, the resistors R1 to R4 are current-limiting protection resistors of the isolation diodes D1 and D4, and are current-limiting protection resistors of the secondary windings S1 to S4 of the isolation type step-up transformer T, and when the resistance value of the resistor is too small, the ignition current is too large when the ignition is triggered, and the diode is over-current broken down or the windings are blown out; and when the resistance value of the resistor is too large, the ignition current is too small when the ignition is triggered, and the ignition capability is small. And the current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4 also have the function of automatically and uniformly distributing ignition energy of the secondary windings S1-S4 of the isolated step-up transformer T. If one of the current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4 has a relatively small resistance value, the ignition energy will be mainly released by the resistor, so that the ignition energy of other gaps is reduced, and other gaps cannot be smoothly broken down, so that the resistance values of the current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4 should be consistent to ensure that the air gaps between adjacent electrodes, such as the first main electrode 1, the first auxiliary needle electrode 3, the second auxiliary needle electrode 4, the third auxiliary needle electrode 5 and the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6, can be smoothly broken down at the same time.

As a specific example, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the lower side surface of the first main electrode 1 and the upper side surface of the second main electrode 2 are provided with electrode lead mounting holes 14, the different-name terminal S11 of the winding S1 is connected to an electrode lead mounted in the electrode lead mounting hole on the first main electrode 1, and the other end of the output terminal P3 is connected to an electrode lead mounted in the electrode lead mounting hole on the second main electrode 2, thereby electrically connecting the conductive name terminal S11 of the winding S1 to the first main electrode 1 and electrically connecting the output terminal P3 to the second main electrode 2. Of course, those skilled in the art can also adopt other ways to implement corresponding electrical connections on the basis of the foregoing embodiments.

In a specific embodiment, the isolation diodes D1 and D4 are diodes with the same model and the maximum breakdown voltage of the gap between the two main electrodes is 1.5-2 times. Specifically, after the load is powered on and before ignition, in order to enable the isolation diodes D1 and D4 to bear stable load voltage, in the embodiment, two diodes which are both high-voltage resistant and have the same model are selected, so that each diode actually bears half of the load voltage, and in the specific type selection, a diode with withstand voltage 1.5-2 times of the maximum value of the breakdown voltage of the gap between the two main electrodes can be selected. Of course, a series combination of diodes may also be selected by those skilled in the art.

As a specific example, the first main electrode 1 and the second main electrode 2 may be made of copper or aluminum, and the first auxiliary needle electrode 3, the second auxiliary needle electrode 4, the third auxiliary needle electrode 5, and the fourth auxiliary needle electrode 6 may be made of high melting point tungsten.

For example, when the switch is connected to a main circuit node, the output terminal P3 of the switch needs to be connected to a positive high-voltage node of the main circuit, and the output terminal P4 needs to be connected to a node with a lower potential of the main circuit.

Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be modified or replaced by other means without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which should be construed as limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conduction switch is characterized by comprising a first main electrode, a second main electrode, a first auxiliary needle electrode, a second auxiliary needle electrode, a third auxiliary needle electrode, a fourth auxiliary needle electrode, a first insulator, a second insulator, a third insulator, a fourth insulator, a fifth insulator, a sixth insulator and a trigger circuit, wherein the first main electrode is connected with the second main electrode through a first auxiliary needle electrode; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the first main electrode and the second main electrode are oppositely arranged in parallel at intervals, the nearest distance d between the first main electrode and the second main electrode is approximately equal to U/3, U is the preset rated breakdown voltage between the first main electrode and the second main electrode, the lower side surface of the first main electrode is provided with a first connecting hole, one end of the first insulator is fixedly arranged in the first connecting hole, and the other end of the first insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell;

a second connecting hole is formed in the upper side face of the second main electrode, one end of the second insulator is fixedly installed in the second connecting hole, the other end of the second insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, a through hole is formed in one end, far away from the second insulator, of the second main electrode in the radial direction, the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the axis of the second main electrode, the fourth auxiliary needle electrode is coaxially arranged in the through hole in a clearance mode, the outer surface of the needle electrode is insulated from the inner surface of the through hole, the root of the upper end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode extends out of the through hole to be connected with one end of the third insulator, the other end of the third insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, and the needle point of the lower end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode is flush with the lowest edge of the lower side face of the second main electrode;

the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode is horizontally arranged at the middle point of the perpendicular line from the needle point at the lower end of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode to the upper side surface of the first main electrode, the root of the third auxiliary needle electrode is connected with one end of a fourth insulator, and the other end of the fourth insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell; the needle point of the second auxiliary needle electrode is horizontally arranged at the distance d/2 of the horizontal right side of the third auxiliary needle electrode, the root of the second auxiliary needle electrode is connected with one end of a fifth insulator, the other end of the fifth insulator is fixed on the inner surface of the switch shell, and the axis of the second auxiliary needle electrode is vertical to the connecting line of the needle point of the fourth auxiliary needle electrode and the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode and is vertical to the connecting line of the needle point of the third auxiliary needle electrode and the needle point of the second auxiliary needle electrode; horizontally arranging the needle point of the first auxiliary needle electrode at a distance d/2 from the horizontal right of the second auxiliary needle electrode, connecting the root of the first auxiliary needle electrode with one end of a sixth insulator, and fixing the other end of the sixth insulator on the inner surface of the switch shell, so that the third auxiliary needle electrode, the second auxiliary needle electrode and the first auxiliary needle electrode are arranged together in a symmetrical horizontal plane between the first main electrode and the second main electrode;

the trigger circuit is respectively connected with six electrodes including a second main electrode, a fourth auxiliary needle electrode, a third auxiliary needle electrode, a second auxiliary needle electrode, a first auxiliary needle electrode and a first main electrode, every two adjacent electrodes in the six electrodes form a pair of electrodes including five pairs of electrodes, and the trigger circuit is used for generating electric arcs on the four rear pairs of electrodes and completing short circuit of the four rear pairs of electrodes by using the electric arcs.

2. A controllable multi-electrode high voltage conducting switch according to claim 1, wherein said first and second main electrodes are cylindrical or elliptic cylindrical conductors with rounded edges.

3. A controllable multi-electrode high voltage conducting switch according to claim 2, wherein said first and second main electrodes are cylindrical elliptical conductors rounded at their edges and the major axes of the two cylindrical elliptical conductors are arranged horizontally.

4. The controllable multi-electrode high voltage conducting switch according to claim 1, wherein the length of the first main electrode and the second main electrode is 2.5-4 d.

5. A controllable multi-electrode high voltage conducting switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the equivalent outer arc radius r at the nearest point of the lower side of the first main electrode and the upper side of the second main electrode is >1 ~ 2 d.

6. The controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conducting switch according to claim 1, wherein the gap between the outer surface of the fourth auxiliary pin electrode and the inner surface of the through hole is 0.7-1 mm.

7. A controllable multi-electrode high voltage switch according to claim 1, wherein said third auxiliary pin electrode, said second auxiliary pin electrode and said first auxiliary pin electrode are arranged together in a radial arrangement at an angle of 120 ° to each other in a plane of symmetry between said first main electrode and said second main electrode.

8. The controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conducting switch according to claim 1, wherein the trigger circuit comprises a 48V direct-current power supply DC, a charging current-limiting resistor Ra, a photo-isolator Ph, a photo-isolator current-limiting resistor Rh, adjustable potentiometers Rb and Rc, a driving capacitor Ca, a bidirectional trigger diode Db3, a bidirectional thyristor V, a storage capacitor C, an isolated step-up transformer T, isolated diodes D1 and D4, current-limiting protection resistors R1-R4 and an isolated inductor L; wherein, the positive terminal of the 48V direct current power supply DC is connected with one end of a charging current-limiting resistor Ra, the negative end of the 48V direct current power supply DC is grounded, the other end of the charging current-limiting resistor Ra is connected with one end of an adjustable potentiometer Rb, a bidirectional thyristor V and an energy-storage capacitor C, the other end of the adjustable potentiometer Rb is connected with one controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph, the other controlled end of the photoelectric isolator Ph is connected with one ends of the driving capacitor Ca, the adjustable potentiometer Rc and the bidirectional trigger diode Db3, the other end of the bidirectional trigger diode Db3 is connected with the gate of the bidirectional thyristor V, the other ends of the driving capacitor Ca, the adjustable potentiometer Rc and the bidirectional thyristor V are grounded, a control end incoming terminal K + and an outgoing terminal K-of the photoelectric isolator Ph are connected with an external signal output terminal, and the current limiting resistor Rh of the photoelectric isolator is connected in series with the outgoing terminal K-; the other end of the energy storage capacitor C is connected with one end P1 of a primary winding P of the isolation type booster transformer T, and the other end P2 of the primary winding P is grounded; the secondary side of the isolation type step-up transformer T is provided with four windings S1, S2, S3 and S4, the homonymous ends of the windings S1 and S4 are both above, the homonymous ends of the windings S2 and S3 are both below, a winding S1 outgoing line is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R1, a winding S2 outgoing line is connected with one end of a current-limiting protection resistor R2, a winding S3 outgoing line is connected with one end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3, the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3 is connected with the anode of an isolation diode D3, the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3 is connected with the anode of the isolation diode D3, the cathode of the isolation diode D3 is connected with the homonymous end S3 of the winding S3, and the other end of the current-limiting protection resistor R3 is connected with the heteronymous end S3 of the current-limiting protection resistor S3; the synonym end S11 of winding S1 is connected with first main electrode and output wiring terminal P4, first auxiliary needle electrode is still connected to isolation diode D1 ' S negative pole, the second auxiliary needle electrode is still connected to current-limiting protection resistance R2 ' S the other end, third auxiliary needle electrode is still connected to current-limiting protection resistance R3 ' S the other end, fourth auxiliary needle electrode and isolation inductance L ' S one end are connected to isolation diode D4 ' S negative pole, output wiring terminal P3 is connected to isolation inductance L ' S the other end, output wiring terminal P3 ' S the other end is connected with the second main electrode.

9. The controllable multi-electrode high voltage switch according to claim 8, wherein the lower side of the first main electrode and the upper side of the second main electrode are provided with electrode lead wire mounting holes, the unlike terminal S11 of the winding S1 is connected to an electrode lead wire mounted in the first main electrode lead wire mounting hole, and the other terminal of the output terminal P3 is connected to an electrode lead wire mounted in the second main electrode lead wire mounting hole.

10. The controllable multi-electrode high-voltage conducting switch according to claim 8, wherein the isolation diodes D1 and D4 are diodes with the same type and the withstand voltage of 1.5-2 times the maximum value of the breakdown voltage of the gap between the two main electrodes.

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