CN214270947U - System for harmless, resourceful processing of aluminium industry waste cathode carbon piece - Google Patents
System for harmless, resourceful processing of aluminium industry waste cathode carbon piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN214270947U CN214270947U CN202022599782.9U CN202022599782U CN214270947U CN 214270947 U CN214270947 U CN 214270947U CN 202022599782 U CN202022599782 U CN 202022599782U CN 214270947 U CN214270947 U CN 214270947U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for harmless and resource treatment of aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks, which is used for treating the waste cathode carbon blocks and relates to the technical field of harmless and resource treatment of the aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks, and the system comprises a crushing and screening unit, a mixing and ball-making unit, a feeding unit, a steelmaking unit, a first waste gas treatment unit and a second waste gas treatment unit; crushing and screening the waste cathode carbon blocks, briquetting and pelletizing the waste cathode carbon powder within a small particle size range, replacing fluorite, iron oxide pellets, iron ore and bituminous coal in steelmaking auxiliary materials with the briquetted pellets or the waste cathode carbon blocks within a large particle size range to carry out converter steelmaking production, and treating the generated flue gas; the utility model discloses combine the ferrous metallurgy technology characteristics and the intrinsic characteristic of useless negative pole carbon block, realized that useless negative pole carbon block safety, environmental protection, economy, efficient are used multipurposely, eliminated the difficult problem that the electrolytic aluminum trade waited to solve urgently, promoted the win-win of two big plates of domestic and foreign iron and steel and aluminum industry, synergistic high quality development.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a harmless, the resourceful processing field of aluminium industry waste cathode carbon piece, concretely relates to system of harmless, the resourceful processing of aluminium industry waste cathode carbon piece.
Background
The electrolytic aluminum cathode carbon block is prepared by using calcined coal, asphalt, petroleum coke and crushed graphite as main raw materials through the processes of kneading, agglomeration, roasting and the like, wherein according to the graphitization treatment temperature and the amount of contained graphite, the electrolytic aluminum cathode carbon block comprises semi-graphite carbon blocks and full-graphite carbon blocks, and in the aluminum electrolysis stage, the graphitization degree of the cathode carbon block is further improved through the processes of thermodynamics, crystallography and the like, and the crystal structure of the carbon is basically microcrystalline graphite with the crystal grain size of nano-grade to micron-grade.
The waste cathode carbon block for electrolyzing aluminum is a waste cathode conductive material dismantled in an industrial aluminum electrolysis cell. The cathode carbon block of the industrial aluminum electrolysis cell is directly contacted with the cryolite-alumina-fluoride salt mixture electrolyte melted at high temperature, and the electrolyte and the cathode carbon block are subjected to infiltration or generation of NaF and Na, such as thermal action, mechanical erosion action, molten salt reaction caused by electrolyte infiltration, electrochemical reaction and the like in the electrolysis process3AlF6And KF, LiF and the like, and meanwhile, the conductivity of the cathode carbon block is deteriorated, the body is damaged, and even the problem that the aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell leaks from the crack opening occurs, so that the electrolytic cell is forced to stop for overhaul and the cathode carbon block is updated. The cathode carbon block of the common aluminum industry electrolytic cell needs to be replaced after being used for 3 to 5 years.
In the 2016 edition of the national records of hazardous wastes, the waste cathode carbon blocks are recorded as toxic hazardous wastes of HW48-321 series T class. National latest standard GB5058.3-2007 hazardous waste identification markStandard requirements for fluoride (as F) in quasi-leaching toxicity discrimination-Meter)<100mg/L of cyanide (as CN)-Meter)<5 mg/L. The leaching solution F of the waste cathode carbon block is common-The concentration can reach 3000-6000 mg/L and exceeds the national standard limit value; the standard for controlling the storage and pollution of dangerous wastes stipulates that the stacking time of the solid dangerous wastes cannot exceed one year. CN of different processes in each enterprise-The monitored values differ greatly. The waste cathode carbon blocks are improperly stockpiled and disposed, which can cause the following harm to the environment, the ecological system and the organisms:
1. impact on groundwater: the waste cathode carbon blocks are influenced by rain or humid environment in the stacking process, and the existing soluble fluoride can be migrated to cause groundwater pollution.
2. Impact on the atmosphere: the surface of the waste cathode carbon block stored in the open air is pulverized in the environment of wind and sunshine, and the dust is easily raised and the atmosphere is polluted by adding the powder originally contained.
3. Impact on soil: if the waste cathode carbon blocks are improperly piled up, not only a large amount of land is occupied, but also soluble salts contained in the waste cathode carbon blocks can be slowly accumulated in the soil to cause soil salinization.
4. Adverse effects on ecosystem and living beings: soluble fluoride salts contained in the waste cathode carbon blocks disturb the normal physiological activities of plants. Over a certain dose can result in plant mutation or massive death, and excessive absorption by humans and animals can lead to reduced calcium in the bones, osteoporosis and osteopetrosis.
The electrolytic aluminum yield in China is kept first in the world for 19 years since 2001, the electrolytic aluminum yield reaches more than 3000 ten thousand tons per year at present, about 72-120 ten thousand tons of waste cathode carbon blocks are generated each year, the electrolytic aluminum industry develops rapidly, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the waste cathode carbon blocks is also highly concerned by the nation, the industry and the society, and the harmless recycling treatment of the aluminum industry hazardous wastes becomes one of the major problems to be solved urgently in the electrolytic aluminum industry.
Two aspects of work are mainly carried out on the disposal of the waste cathode carbon block in the industry, wherein the first is the conversion from soluble fluoride to insoluble fluoride to realize harmlessness; secondly, valuable substances such as high-quality carbon, fluoride salt and the like are separated and extracted for utilization, and recycling is realized. The current state of the art is mainly as follows:
1. a flotation method. The method is a way for treating the waste cathode carbon blocks by a wet method to realize harmlessness and recycling. The method is that the waste cathode carbon block is ground into powder, the powder is evenly mixed with water and a flotation agent and then is added into a flotation tank, and the flotation is repeated to obtain carbon material and electrolyte. The method comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps of crushing and grinding waste cathode carbon blocks, grading materials, adding a solution containing a collecting agent into powder obtained by grading, enabling carbonaceous materials and electrolytes to be separated maximally, filtering to obtain filtrate and a solid phase, and further separating the solid phase to obtain two products mainly comprising the carbonaceous materials and the electrolytes. The carbonaceous material can be used for manufacturing a new cathode and can also be used for manufacturing a carbon electrode, and the electrolyte product can be continuously used as the electrolyte of the aluminum electrolytic cell. However, a large amount of fluorine-containing wastewater is generated in the method, secondary pollution is caused, the corrosivity of electrolyte in the waste cathode carbon blocks can corrode equipment, and SiO in the recovered electrolyte2The higher the effect of recycling.
2. Sulfuric acid acidolysis method. The method is another way for treating the waste cathode carbon blocks by a wet method to realize harmlessness and recycling, the method comprises the steps of crushing the waste cathode carbon blocks, putting the crushed waste cathode carbon blocks into a device filled with water and concentrated sulfuric acid for acidolysis, repeatedly leaching gas generated in the process by distilled water, and thus achieving the purpose of recovering hydrofluoric acid, wherein filter residues generated in the method can be used for producing graphite powder and industrial alumina.
3. And producing an anode protection ring by using the waste cathode carbon block. The waste cathode carbon blocks are crushed to be used as raw materials, the modified starch is used as a binder, the raw materials are uniformly mixed to form a protective material, the protective material is directly tamped and installed on an anode steel claw through a die, and finally, a quite firm protective ring can be formed by self-combustion.
4. A fire-process harmless technology adopts a graphitization furnace to directly charge waste cathode carbon blocks into the furnace, the waste cathode carbon blocks are roasted at a temperature lower than graphitization temperature but higher than the boiling point of salts to remove impurities from graphite, the salts enter furnace dust and are absorbed and precipitated by calcium-containing liquid such as lime water, the graphite after impurity removal can be used as a material for carbon enterprises, and the precipitated fluoride salt can be used as a raw material or a metallurgical flux of fluorine-containing product enterprises. The process still produces some salt-containing wastewater, but the amount is significantly reduced compared to wet treatment.
Through years of experimental research and full practical exploration by related experts at home and abroad, the treatment technology of the waste cathode carbon blocks is greatly improved, and the method for treating and utilizing the solid waste in the aluminum industry in the industry is mainly used for realizing resource recycling while being harmless, so that the method still has the following problems: the fire method or the wet method for treating the waste cathode carbon block needs a special and qualified solid waste treatment factory, and an aluminum industry unit needs to pay high treatment cost (800-.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a: the utility model provides a system that aluminium industry waste cathode carbon block is innoxious, resourceful is dealt with, the utility model discloses combine the ferrous metallurgy technology characteristics and waste cathode carbon block intrinsic characteristic, realized that waste cathode carbon block safety, environmental protection, economy, efficient are used multipurposely, eliminated the difficult problem that electrolytic aluminum trade waited to solve urgently, promoted the win-win of two large plates of domestic and foreign iron and steel and aluminium industry, synergistic high quality development.
For solving the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme as follows:
a system for harmless and resource treatment of aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks comprises a crushing and screening unit, a mixing and ball making unit, a feeding unit, a steelmaking unit, a first waste gas treatment unit and a second waste gas treatment unit;
the crushing and screening unit comprises a crusher and a double-layer vibrating screen arranged at a discharge port of the crusher;
the mixing and ball-making unit comprises a mixer, a ball press and a dryer, wherein a feed inlet of the mixer is arranged corresponding to a discharge outlet at the lower side of the double-layer vibrating screen, a discharge outlet of the mixer is arranged corresponding to a feed inlet of the ball press, and a discharge outlet of the ball press is arranged corresponding to a feed inlet of the dryer;
the feeding unit comprises a feeding bin, and a feeding port of the feeding bin corresponds to the positions of a discharge port at the upper side of the double-layer vibrating screen machine and a discharge port of the dryer;
the steelmaking unit comprises a steelmaking converter, and a feeding port of the steelmaking converter and a discharging port of the feeding bin are correspondingly arranged.
Carbon blocks or pressed balls with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm are put into the steelmaking converter through the feeding unit, under the action of high-temperature and strong oxidizing atmosphere with the temperature of more than 1500 ℃ in the steelmaking converter, carbon in the carbon blocks or pressed balls with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm is fully combusted, heat is released, the temperature compensation effect is exerted, and the carbon blocks or pressed balls can be used as a heating temperature compensation agent to replace expensive high-quality coke or anthracite;
the condition that lime is not easy to melt frequently occurs due to higher melting point of the lime in the smelting process, the chemical reaction speed and degree are influenced, fluoride in carbon blocks or briquetted balls with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm is firstly dissociated into ions in high-temperature liquid steel slag, and free fluoride ions react with calcium ions and magnesium ions to form calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and 3CaO. CaF with low melting point2.2SiO2And insoluble substances are added, so that the melting of lime is accelerated, the fluidity of slag is improved, the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag are reduced, particularly, fluoride ions and alkali metals in a molten state have the function of breaking silicon-oxygen tetrahedral chemical bonds of calcium silicate and silicon oxide, the melting effect of the slag is further promoted, the metallurgical reaction is promoted, the smelting time is reduced, the using amount of iron oxide leather balls, iron ore and other traditional slag melting agents is reduced, the steelmaking cost is reduced, and the related chemical reaction formula is as follows:
Na3AlF6→AlF3+3NaF；2NaF+(O2-)→Na2O+2F-；
2AlF3+3O2-→Al2O3+6F-；2AlF3+2NaF+4O2-→Na2O+Al2O3+8F-；
(2F-)+(2CaO·SiO2)+(CaO)→(3CaO·CaF2·2SiO2)；
most cyanides in carbon blocks or balls manufactured by pressing blocks with the particle size range of 3mm-65mm are decomposed and oxidized and destroyed under the conditions of high steel-making temperature and strong oxidizing atmosphere, the decomposition temperature of the cyanides is about 300 ℃, the cyanides can be completely decomposed at about 700 ℃, the temperature of steel smelting is more than 1500 ℃, the cyanides can be thoroughly decomposed and oxidized at the high temperature to realize harmless treatment, and the related chemical reaction formula is as follows:
3Fe(CN)2→Fe3C+2(CN)2↑+N2↑；2(NaCN)+5(FeO)→5Fe+2CO2↑+N2↑+Na2O；
2(KCN)+5(FeO)→5Fe+2CO2↑+N2↑+K2O；(CN)2+O2→CO2+NO↑；
2NO+O2→2NO2↑；NO2+H2O→HNO3+NO↑；
generation of NO2Enters the smoke outlet of the steelmaking converter 501 in a gas state, and finally NO is generated2With CaO particles and H in steelmaking dust2The O contact generates chemical reaction to generate Ca (NO)3)2Thereby avoiding the generation of HNO3Corrosion of equipment facilities;
other oxides such as alumina in carbon blocks or balls manufactured by pressing with the granularity ranging from 3mm to 65mm can also form composite oxides such as calcium aluminate and the like, can reduce the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag, and is beneficial to improving the phosphorus capacity of the slag.
Furthermore, the first waste gas treatment unit comprises a wet dust collector and a coal gas storage cabinet, an air inlet of the wet dust collector is arranged corresponding to an exhaust port of the steelmaking converter, and an air outlet of the wet dust collector is connected with an air inlet of the coal gas storage cabinet.
The flue gas discharged from the smoke outlet of the steel converter 501 is introduced into the wet dust collector 601 in the first waste gas treatment unit 600 for washing, and the flue gas discharged from the smoke outlet of the steel converter 501 contains a small amount of fluoride and gaseous NO due to high-temperature volatilization and the like2And trace cyanide, when the flue gas is acted by the wet dust collector 601 in the first waste gas treatment unit 600, the flue gas is intensively stirred in slurry with large water volume and high alkalinityIn the environment, a small amount of fluoride reacts with CaO to form CaF2Precipitated, gaseous NO2Reacts with CaO to form Ca (NO)3)2ClO generated by dissolving and ionizing trace cyanide by bleaching powder-And oxidative conversion to CO2And N2. The chemical reaction involved therein is as follows:
2F-+Ca2+＝CaF2；2CN-+2OH-+5ClO-＝N2(g)+5Cl-+H2O+2CO3 2-；
through the process, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the waste cathode carbon blocks in the steelmaking converter are realized.
Furthermore, the second waste gas treatment unit comprises a second bag-type dust collector, a gas purification processor and a smoke exhaust pipe, wherein the negative pressure of a gas inlet of the second bag-type dust collector is arranged above a furnace opening of the steelmaking converter, a gas outlet of the second bag-type dust collector and a gas inlet of the gas purification processor are connected, and a gas outlet of the gas purification processor and the smoke exhaust pipe are connected.
Further, the gas inlet of the gas purification processor is connected with the gas outlet of the wet dust collector.
Further, the feeding unit further comprises a first bag-type dust collector, and the negative pressure of the first bag-type dust collector is arranged at an air outlet of the feeding bin.
To sum up, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1. realizes the low-cost harmless disposal of the waste cathode carbon block. The poisonous hazardous waste that the useless negative pole charcoal piece produced for non ferrous metal smelting wherein contains a quantitative fluoride and a trace amount of cyanide, through the utility model discloses an implement, can change into calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride and low melting point 3CaO. CaF with the fluoride2.2SiO2Insoluble substances are beneficial to realizing harmless resource utilization; cyanide can be thoroughly decomposed and oxidized under the conditions of high temperature and strong oxidizing atmosphere in steel making, thereby realizing the harmless treatment of the waste cathode carbon block.
2. Realizes the resource utilization of the waste cathode carbon blocks and reduces the steel-making cost. By implementing the utility model, the resource utilization of the waste cathode carbon blocks is realized in the converter steelmaking process;
(1) the carbon in the waste cathode carbon block plays a role of temperature compensation and can be used as a heating temperature compensator to replace expensive high-quality coke or anthracite;
(2) fluoride in the waste cathode carbon blocks can partially replace fluorite, iron oxide balls, iron ore and bituminous coal, iron oxide leather balls and iron ore to promote slagging. The fluoride can form calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and 3CaO.CaF with low melting point2.2SiO2Insoluble substances accelerate the melting of lime, improve the fluidity of slag, and reduce the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag, particularly, fluoride ions and alkali metals in a molten state have the function of breaking silicon-oxygen tetrahedral chemical bonds of calcium silicate and silicon oxide, so that the melting function of the slag is promoted, the metallurgical reaction is promoted, the smelting time is reduced, the consumption of traditional slag melting agents such as iron oxide skin balls and iron ore is reduced, and the steelmaking cost is reduced;
(3) other oxides such as alumina also form composite oxides such as calcium aluminate and the like, can reduce the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag, and is beneficial to improving the phosphorus capacity of the slag and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system connection of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system device connection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a system for harmless and recycling treatment of aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks comprises a crushing and screening unit 200, a mixing and ball-making unit 300, a feeding unit 400, a steel-making unit 500, a first waste gas treatment unit 600 and a second waste gas treatment unit 700;
the crushing and screening unit 200 comprises a crusher 201 and a double-layer vibrating screen 202 arranged at the discharge port of the crusher 201, wherein the crusher can use an impact crusher, a gyratory crusher or a cone crusher, and is preferably a gyratory crusher;
the mixing and ball-making unit 300 comprises a mixer 301, a ball press 302 and a dryer 303, wherein a feeding port of the mixer 301 and a lower discharging port of the double-layer vibrating screen 202 are correspondingly arranged, screen holes of a lower screen plate of the double-layer vibrating screen 202 are 3mm, screen holes of an upper screen plate are 65mm, the diameter of a material discharged from the lower discharging port is not more than 3mm, the diameter of the material discharged from the upper discharging port is not more than 65mm, a discharging port of the mixer 301 and a feeding port of the ball press 302 are correspondingly arranged, and a discharging port of the ball press 302 and a feeding port of the dryer 303 are correspondingly arranged;
the feeding unit 400 comprises a feeding bin 401, and a feeding port of the feeding bin 401 corresponds to the positions of a discharging port at the upper side of the double-layer vibrating screen 202 and a discharging port of the dryer 303;
the steelmaking unit 500 comprises a steelmaking converter 501, a feeding port of the steelmaking converter 501 and a discharging port of the charging bin 401 are correspondingly arranged, the steelmaking unit 500 utilizes the converter to make steel, takes molten iron, scrap steel and ferroalloy as main raw materials, does not need external energy, and completes the steelmaking process in the steelmaking converter by means of the physical heat of molten iron and the heat generated by the chemical reaction between molten iron components, and is a conventional steelmaking operation;
carbon blocks or briquetted balls with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm, which are made of the waste cathode carbon blocks 100, are put into the steelmaking converter 501, under the action of high-temperature and strong oxidizing atmosphere at the temperature of more than 1500 ℃ in the steelmaking converter 501, the carbon in the carbon blocks or briquetted balls with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm is fully combusted, the heat is released, the temperature compensation effect is exerted, and the carbon blocks or briquetted balls can be used as a heating temperature compensation agent to replace expensive high-quality coke or anthracite;
the condition that lime is not easy to melt frequently occurs due to higher melting point of the lime in the smelting process, the chemical reaction speed and degree are influenced, fluoride in carbon blocks or briquetted balls with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm is firstly dissociated into ions in high-temperature liquid steel slag, and free fluoride ions react with calcium ions and magnesium ions to form calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and 3CaO. CaF with low melting point2.2SiO2Insoluble substances are added, thereby accelerating the dissolution of lime, improving the fluidity of slag, and reducing the melting temperature and viscosity of slag, especially the fluorine ions and the fluorine ions in a molten stateThe alkali metal also has the function of breaking silicon-oxygen tetrahedral chemical bonds of calcium silicate and silicon oxide, thereby promoting the melting of furnace slag, promoting metallurgical reaction, reducing smelting time, simultaneously reducing the dosage of iron oxide scale balls, iron ore and other traditional slag melting agents, reducing steel-making cost, wherein the related chemical reaction formula is as follows:
Na3AlF6→AlF3+3NaF；2NaF+(O2-)→Na2O+2F-；
2AlF3+3O2-→Al2O3+6F-；2AlF3+2NaF+4O2-→Na2O+Al2O3+8F-；
(2F-)+(2CaO·SiO2)+(CaO)→(3CaO·CaF2·2SiO2)；
most cyanides in carbon blocks or balls manufactured by pressing blocks with the particle size range of 3mm-65mm are decomposed and oxidized and destroyed under the conditions of high steel-making temperature and strong oxidizing atmosphere, the decomposition temperature of the cyanides is about 300 ℃, the cyanides can be completely decomposed at about 700 ℃, the temperature of steel smelting is more than 1500 ℃, the cyanides can be thoroughly decomposed and oxidized at the high temperature to realize harmless treatment, and the related chemical reaction formula is as follows:
3Fe(CN)2→Fe3C+2(CN)2↑+N2↑；2(NaCN)+5(FeO)→5Fe+2CO2↑+N2↑+Na2O；
2(KCN)+5(FeO)→5Fe+2CO2↑+N2↑+K2O；(CN)2+O2→CO2+NO↑；
2NO+O2→2NO2↑；NO2+H2O→HNO3+NO↑；
generation of NO2Enters the smoke outlet of the steelmaking converter 501 in a gas state, and finally NO is generated2With CaO particles and H in steelmaking dust2The O contact generates chemical reaction to generate Ca (NO)3)2Thereby avoiding the generation of HNO3Corrosion of equipment facilities;
other oxides such as alumina in carbon blocks or balls manufactured by pressing with the granularity ranging from 3mm to 65mm can also form composite oxides such as calcium aluminate and the like, can reduce the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag, and is beneficial to improving the phosphorus capacity of the slag.
Referring to fig. 2, in the system, the first waste gas treatment unit 600 includes a wet dust collector 601 and a gas storage 602, an air inlet of the wet dust collector 601 is arranged corresponding to an air outlet of the steelmaking converter 501, and an air outlet of the wet dust collector 601 is connected to an air inlet of the gas storage 602.
The flue gas discharged from the smoke outlet of the steel converter 501 is introduced into the wet dust collector 601 in the first waste gas treatment unit 600 for washing, and the flue gas discharged from the smoke outlet of the steel converter 501 contains a small amount of fluoride and gaseous NO due to high-temperature volatilization and the like2And trace cyanide, when the flue gas passes through the wet dust collector 601 in the first waste gas treatment unit 600, a small amount of fluoride reacts with CaO to form CaF in the environment of high water content, high alkalinity slurry and strong stirring2Precipitated, gaseous NO2Reacts with CaO to form Ca (NO)3)2ClO generated by dissolving and ionizing trace cyanide by bleaching powder-And oxidative conversion to CO2And N2. The harmless treatment of the waste cathode carbon blocks in the steelmaking converter is realized through the processes, wherein the related chemical reaction formula is as follows:
2F-+Ca2+＝CaF2；2CN-+2OH-+5ClO-＝N2(g)+5Cl-+H2O+2CO3 2-；
referring to fig. 2, in the system, the second waste gas treatment unit 700 includes a second bag-type dust collector 701, a gas purification treatment device 702 and a smoke exhaust pipe 703, a negative pressure at a gas inlet of the second bag-type dust collector 701 is arranged above a furnace opening of the steel-making converter 501, a gas outlet of the second bag-type dust collector 701 and a gas inlet of the gas purification treatment device 702 are connected, a gas outlet of the gas purification treatment device 702 and the smoke exhaust pipe 703 are connected, and a gas inlet of the gas purification treatment device 702 and a gas outlet of the wet dust collector 601 are connected.
Referring to fig. 2, in the system, the charging unit 400 further includes a first bag-type dust collector 402, the first bag-type dust collector 402 is arranged at the air outlet of the charging bin 401 in a negative pressure manner, and a draught fan is added to realize negative pressure arrangement;
further point out the utility model discloses a can add between each device in the system and be used for the device of being convenient for the transportation such as lifting machine, conveyer and batcher according to actual need.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for harmless and resource disposal of aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks comprises the following steps:
1) crushing and screening, namely conveying the waste cathode carbon blocks 100 to a crushing and screening unit 200 for crushing and screening to obtain carbon powder with the granularity range of 0-3mm and carbon blocks with the granularity range of 3-65 mm;
2) briquetting and pelletizing, namely conveying the carbon powder with the granularity range of 0mm-3mm, limestone, dolomite and a binder obtained in the step 1) to a mixing and pelletizing unit 300 for briquetting and pelletizing, wherein the weight range ratio of the carbon powder, the limestone, the dolomite and the binder is 70-80: 15-10: 15-10: 2-4; the diameter range of the balls manufactured by pressing is 25mm-50 mm;
3) storing and utilizing, namely, conveying the carbon blocks with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm obtained in the step 1) and the balls pressed in the step 2) to a feeding bin 401 in a feeding unit 400 for storage, introducing dust gas in an air outlet of the feeding bin 401 in the feeding unit 400 into a first bag-type dust collector 402 for dust removal and then discharging, so that dust removal of the feeding bin 401 is realized, and the safety of workers is protected; carbon blocks or briquetted balls with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm are added into the steelmaking converter 501 in the steelmaking unit 500 instead of fluorite, iron oxide balls, iron ore and bituminous coal in steelmaking auxiliary materials, and the temperature of the steelmaking converter 501 is controlled to be more than 1500 ℃, wherein when the carbon blocks with the granularity range of 3mm-65mm are used for replacing fluorite, iron oxide balls, iron ore and bituminous coal, the adding amount of the carbon blocks is 5-10kg for producing 1 ton of steel, and when the briquetted balls are used for replacing the fluorite, the iron oxide balls, the iron ore and the bituminous coal, the adding amount of the carbon blocks or briquetted balls is 8-15kg for producing 1 ton of steel;
4) waste gas washing, wherein flue gas discharged from a smoke outlet of a steelmaking converter 501 in a steelmaking unit 500 is introduced into a wet dust collector 601 in a first waste gas treatment unit 600 for washing, the cyanide concentration of the leachate of the waste cathode carbon blocks is detected, and when the cyanide concentration is more than 5mg/L, 4-6g of bleaching powder is added into circulating washing water according to the cyanide concentration of 1mg/L per 1kg of carbon dust powder in the flue gas per 1mg/L of cyanide concentration;
5) gas recovery, on-line detection of CO and O in the gas washed by the wet dust collector 6012When the content of CO is higher than 20% and O2When the content is lower than 1.6%, the gas is qualified, the qualified gas is guided into a gas storage cabinet for storage, and the unqualified gas is guided into a gas purification processor 702 for purification and then is discharged through a smoke discharge pipe 703;
6) and (3) discharging waste gas, namely introducing the flue gas scattered from the vicinity of the feed inlet of the steelmaking converter 501 into a second bag-type dust collector 701 for dust removal, introducing the flue gas subjected to dust removal by the second bag-type dust collector 701 into a gas purification processor 702 for purification, and then discharging the purified flue gas through a smoke discharge pipe 703.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to practical production examples.
In this example, the waste cathode carbon blocks generated by electrolytic aluminum of the Gansu Dongxing aluminum industry Co., Ltd were treated, and the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the waste cathode carbon blocks were carried out by using 120t steel-making converter of carbon steel sheet plant of the Gansu wine steel group Hongxing iron and steel Co., Ltd. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
1) crushing and screening the waste cathode carbon blocks, namely crushing the waste cathode carbon blocks 100 by using a crusher 201, conveying the crushed waste cathode carbon blocks 100 into a double-layer vibrating screen 202 for screening to obtain carbon blocks with the granularity range of 0-3mm and the granularity range of 3-65 mm and carbon powder with the granularity range of more than 65mm, and adding the carbon powder with the granularity range of more than 65mm into the crusher 201 again for crushing to finally obtain the carbon powder with the granularity range of 0-3mm and the carbon blocks with the granularity range of 3-65 mm. F recorded according to national standard GB5058.3-2007 identification standard requirement for leaching toxicity of hazardous waste-≤100mg/L，CN-Less than or equal to 5mg/L, and F in the waste cathode carbon block is obtained by determination-Leaching concentration of 3550mg/l, CN-The leaching concentration is 0.022mg/l, so that the main hazardous substances of the waste cathode carbon block in the Dongxing aluminum industry are soluble villiaumite and cyanogenThe content of compounds is lower.
2) Briquetting and pelletizing, namely pressing the carbon powder with the granularity range of 0mm-3mm obtained in the step 1) and limestone: the weight range ratio of the dolomite to the external binder is 75: 13: 13: 4, adding the mixture into a mixer 301, putting the material mixed by the mixer 301 into a ball press 302, pressing the material into balls with the diameter of 40mm, and then drying the balls by a dryer 303.
3) Storing and utilizing, namely feeding the balls pressed in the step 2) and the carbon powder with the granularity range of 0mm-3mm obtained in the step 1) into a feeding bin 401 for storage and standby, introducing dust gas in an air outlet of the feeding bin 401 into a first bag-type dust collector 402 for dust collection and then discharging, conveying dust in the first bag-type dust collector 402 to a cement plant, and adding the balls pressed in the step 2) into a molten pool in a 120t steelmaking converter 501 instead of fluorite, iron oxide balls, iron ore and bituminous coal in steelmaking auxiliary materials according to the ratio of adding 10kg of balls into 1 ton of steel produced.
4) And (2) waste gas washing, wherein flue gas discharged from a smoke outlet of the steelmaking converter 501 is introduced into the wet dust collector 601 for washing, dust and mud generated by washing are concentrated and filtered to realize dehydration, a filter cake can be sintered and then reused as an iron material, and the dehydrated water can be recycled as washing water in the wet dust collector 601.
5) Gas recovery, on-line detection of CO and O in the gas washed by the wet dust collector 6012Content, measured CO content 23%, O2The content of (A) is 1.5%, and simultaneously the content of CO which meets the coal gas recovery standard is higher than 20%, and O2If the content of the coal gas is less than 1.6 percent, the qualified coal gas is guided into a coal gas storage cabinet for storage.
6) The method comprises the steps of discharging waste gas, wherein in the smelting process, the furnace mouth of the steelmaking converter 501 is in positive pressure, a small amount of flue gas overflows in a scattered mode, a draught fan is used for introducing the flue gas overflowing from the position near the feeding hole of the steelmaking converter 501 into the second bag-type dust collector 701 for dust removal, the flue gas dedusted by the second bag-type dust collector 701 is introduced into the gas purification processor 702 for purification, then the flue gas is discharged through the smoke exhaust pipe 703, and dust in the second bag-type dust collector 701 is conveyed to a cement plant.
According to GB/T15555.11-1995 [ test for fluoride in solid wasteDetermination method in the fixed ion Selective electrode method leached fluorides (as F) were determined for the slag in the steelmaking converter 501 and the metallurgical dust sludge cake in the Wet precipitator 601-Measured) concentration, fluoride (as F) was measured for the flue gas in the flue gas exhaust pipe 703 in accordance with the measuring method in HJ/T67-2001 "ion selective electrode method for measuring fluoride in exhaust gas from atmospheric stationary pollution Source-Meter) concentration.
To obtain leached fluorides (as F) of the slag in the steelmaking converter 501-Calculated) concentration of 33.50mg/L, leached fluoride (in F) of metallurgical dust mud filter cake-Measured) the concentration is 35.50mg/L and is lower than the limit value of 100mg/L specified in GB 5058.3-2007; to obtain leached fluorides (as F) of the flue gas in the smoke exhaust pipe 703-Calculated) concentration of 1.91mg/m3Below the concentration limit of 11mg/m, as specified in GB16297-1996 Integrated emission Standard for atmospheric pollutants3Thereby realizing the low-cost harmless disposal of the waste cathode carbon block.
According to statistics, when 1kg of waste cathode carbon blocks are used in the steelmaking converter 501, the consumption of waste steel can be increased by 2.5kg, and the consumption of molten iron can be reduced by 2 kg; under the condition of not increasing the charging amount of the steel scrap of the steel-making converter 501, the temperature can be compensated by 4 ℃ when 1kg of carbon blocks are used, the steel-making cost is reduced, and the resource utilization of the waste cathode carbon blocks is realized.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which falls within the scope of protection of the person skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A system for harmless and resource treatment of aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks is characterized by comprising a crushing and screening unit (200), a mixing and ball making unit (300), a feeding unit (400), a steelmaking unit (500), a first waste gas treatment unit (600) and a second waste gas treatment unit (700);
the crushing and screening unit (200) comprises a crusher (201) and a double-layer vibrating screen (202) arranged at a discharge hole of the crusher (201);
the mixing and ball-making unit (300) comprises a mixer (301), a ball pressing machine (302) and a dryer (303), wherein a feeding port of the mixer (301) is correspondingly arranged with a discharging port at the lower side of the double-layer vibrating screen (202), a discharging port of the mixer (301) is correspondingly arranged with a feeding port of the ball pressing machine (302), and a discharging port of the ball pressing machine (302) is correspondingly arranged with a feeding port of the dryer (303);
the feeding unit (400) comprises a feeding bin (401), and a feeding port of the feeding bin (401) corresponds to the positions of a discharging port on the upper side of the double-layer vibrating screen machine (202) and a discharging port of the dryer (303);
the steelmaking unit (500) comprises a steelmaking converter (501), and a feeding port of the steelmaking converter (501) and a discharging port of the charging bin (401) are correspondingly arranged.
2. The system for harmless and resource disposal of the aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first waste gas treatment unit (600) comprises a wet dust collector (601) and a gas storage cabinet (602), an air inlet of the wet dust collector (601) is arranged corresponding to an air outlet of the steelmaking converter (501), and an air outlet of the wet dust collector (601) is connected with an air inlet of the gas storage cabinet (602).
3. The system for harmless and resource treatment of the aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second waste gas treatment unit (700) comprises a second bag-type dust collector (701), a gas purification treatment device (702) and a smoke exhaust pipe (703), the negative pressure at the gas inlet of the second bag-type dust collector (701) is arranged above the furnace opening of the steelmaking converter (501), the gas outlet of the second bag-type dust collector (701) is connected with the gas inlet of the gas purification treatment device (702), and the gas outlet of the gas purification treatment device (702) is connected with the smoke exhaust pipe (703).
4. The system for the harmless and recycling treatment of the aluminum industry waste cathode carbon block as claimed in claim 3, wherein the gas inlet of the gas purification treater (702) is connected with the gas outlet of the wet dust collector (601).
5. The system for harmless and resource disposal of aluminum industry waste cathode carbon blocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charging unit (400) further comprises a first bag-type dust collector (402), and the first bag-type dust collector (402) is arranged at the air outlet of the charging bin (401) under negative pressure.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114535260A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-27 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Treatment method and application of aluminum electrolysis waste cathode carbon block |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114535260A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-27 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Treatment method and application of aluminum electrolysis waste cathode carbon block |
| CN114535260B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-07-21 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Treatment method and application of aluminum electrolysis waste cathode carbon block |
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