CN214254715U - Radiation unit, antenna subarray and antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a radiating element, antenna subarray and antenna array, the radiating element is the integrated into one piece structure, including with two pairs of radiation arms that the polarization quadrature set up, every radiation arm has the radiating surface that the coplanar set up, every radiation arm in the same polarization is equipped with the bight of buckling to the back direction opposite with the radiating surface on its tip far away from another radiation arm; and edges for connecting the two corners are arranged between the two adjacent corners along the circumferential direction of the radiation unit, and the edges and the corners are bent in the same direction. The radiation unit can be provided with a corner bent towards the back direction of the radiation unit on the end part of each radiation arm with the same polarization far away from the other radiation arm, and the corner can improve the structural strength of the radiation arm unit and reduce the cross polarization of the radiation unit; be equipped with between two adjacent bights and be used for connecting two bights and with the bight with the edge of the equidirectional bending of bight, the setting of border is convenient for radiating element's miniaturization, improves radiating element's isolation.

Description

Radiation unit, antenna subarray and antenna array

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, concretely relates to radiating element and configured the antenna subarray of radiating element, and configured the antenna array of antenna subarray.

Background

Since the fifth generation mobile communication network has come to be covered, the fifth generation mobile communication network is coming to large-scale production and construction, so the demand for the antenna which can be used in the fifth generation mobile communication network is more and more strong, and the demand for the radiation unit as one of the most important components of the antenna is also more and more strong, so that it is urgent to improve the production efficiency of the radiation unit.

However, the manufacturing process of the radiating element which can be suitable for the fifth generation mobile communication network is complex, the radiating element is generally produced by adopting an STM process, the radiating element produced by the STM process is generally a die-cast patch oscillator and a PCB patch oscillator, but the PCB patch oscillator has the problems of poor structural strength, more parts, complex assembly process and the like; the die-casting patch vibrator has the defects of long die opening period, high cost, large mass and the like. Therefore, the traditional STM process is adopted to produce the radiating unit, so that the production and manufacturing cost of the radiating unit of the fifth-generation mobile communication network is improved, and the large-scale popularization is not facilitated.

In order to solve the cost problem of the radiating element suitable for the fifth generation mobile communication network, an integrally formed radiating element is proposed in the industry, but the integrally formed radiating element has poor radiating performance and is not suitable for the fifth generation mobile communication network, the integrally formed radiating element has an unstable structure, the radiating element is easy to bend and deform, the current density is high, the current flow direction is inconsistent, therefore, the design requirements are not met, and the radiating efficiency and the cross polarization are greatly influenced.

Therefore, there is a need for a radiating element with simple manufacturing process and good radiation performance and structural stability.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

A first object of the present invention is to provide a radiating element with better radiation performance and integrated molding.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an antenna subarray.

An object of the present invention is to provide an antenna array.

Is suitable for the purpose of the utility model, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the first object of the present invention is to provide a radiation unit, which is an integrally formed structure, and includes two pairs of radiation arms orthogonally disposed with respect to polarization, each radiation arm has a radiation surface disposed coplanar with each other, and each radiation arm in the same polarization is provided with a corner portion bent toward a back direction opposite to the radiation surface at an end portion thereof distant from the other radiation arm; and edges for connecting the two corners are arranged between the two adjacent corners along the circumferential direction of the radiation unit, and the edges and the corners are bent in the same direction.

Furthermore, an invagination groove is arranged in the middle of each radiation arm, and the invagination groove extends from the end part of the radiation arm to the other radiation arm with the same polarization.

Further, the rim has a narrower dimension relative to the corner portions to which it is connected at both sides to form an open slot.

Specifically, the radiating element includes four feed pins respectively corresponding to the four radiating arms, one end of each feed pin is connected to an edge of a corresponding recessed groove, and one end of each feed pin is bent into an installation sheet parallel to the radiating surface.

Preferably, the feeding pins are all parts formed by bending the radiating element by stamping to form an inward concave groove.

Specifically, the area occupied by the feed pin is substantially the same as that of the recessed groove.

Preferably, a separation groove for separating the two radiation arms is arranged between the two adjacent radiation arms, and four separation grooves correspondingly formed by the two pairs of radiation arms are communicated to form a cross groove.

Specifically, be equipped with the isolation tank between two adjacent radiation arms, this isolation tank and the border parallel arrangement between these two radiation arms still are equipped with the opening of intercommunication isolation tank on the border to form open structure.

Preferably, the radiating element is formed by sheet metal stamping.

Be suitable for the utility model discloses a next order and provide an antenna subarray, a serial communication port, including the dielectric plate with set up a plurality of radiating element as first purpose provides on the dielectric plate, be equipped with on the dielectric plate with this a plurality of radiating element electric connection's differential feed network to through the feed network feed of differential feed to each radiating element.

Further, the plurality of radiation units are arranged in a column or a row.

Preferably, the antenna subarray comprises three radiating elements, and the three radiating elements form 1/3 subarrays.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an antenna array, which includes a plurality of antenna sub-arrays arranged side by side.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an advantage as follows:

firstly, the radiation unit of the present invention can be provided with the corner portion bending towards the back direction of the radiation unit on the end portion far away from each radiation arm and the other radiation arm of the same polarization, and a stable triangular structure can be correspondingly formed between the corner portion and the radiation arm, which is beneficial to the stability of the structure of the radiation unit; the bent corner portion can focus the current fed into the radiation arm on the bent corner portion, so that the gain of the radiation unit can be improved, and the cross polarization can be reduced.

Secondly, the utility model discloses a be equipped with between two adjacent bights of radiating element and be used for connecting two bights and with the bight equidirectional border of buckling, the setting at border will prolong radiating element's marginal length, is favorable to radiating element's miniaturization, improves radiating element's isolation.

And again, the utility model discloses a coplanar sets up the radiating surface between each radiation arm of radiating element, will be so that radiating element radiates the signal towards same direction, and the bight of just buckling and border will not influence radiating element's the direction of external radiation signal.

Furthermore, the utility model discloses a radiating element is integrated into one piece structure, reducible radiating element's production and processing link, reduce cost to in large-scale production manufacturing.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

fig. 1 is a top view of a radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the radiation unit disposed on the dielectric plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a top view of a radiating element according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna subarray of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing a simulation curve of standing wave ratio when the test antenna uses the radiation unit provided by the present invention.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While certain embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather are provided for a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

It should be understood that the various steps recited in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in a different order and/or performed in parallel. Moreover, method embodiments may include additional steps and/or omit performing the illustrated steps. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein are open-ended, i.e., "including but not limited to". The term "coupled" may refer to direct coupling or indirect coupling via intermediate members (elements). The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Relevant definitions for other terms will be given in the following description.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the present invention are only used for distinguishing the devices, modules or units, and are not used for limiting the devices, modules or units to be different devices, modules or units, and also for limiting the sequence or interdependence of the functions performed by the devices, modules or units.

The utility model provides a radiating element, this radiating element integrated into one piece can improve the gain, extend the frequency band and improve the isolation.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the radiating element 10 includes two pairs of radiating arms 11, a corner portion 12, an edge 13, and a feeding pin 14 for supporting the radiating arms 11.

The two pairs of radiation arms 11 are arranged in a polarization orthogonal manner, and the radiation surfaces of the four radiation arms 11 of the two pairs of radiation arms 11 are on the same plane. The four radiating arms 11 are in regular shapes, such as rectangular, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the radiation arm 11 is rectangular, and the radiation arm 11 having a rectangular shape is hereinafter disclosed as the technical solution of the present invention.

Since the two pairs of radiation arms 11 are arranged in a manner orthogonal to the polarization, the radiation arms 11 are adjacent to each other, and one radiation arm 11 is adjacent to two radiation arms 11 of the other polarization and is opposite to the other radiation arm 11 of the same polarization. The rectangular radiating arm 11 has four ends, and three of the four ends are respectively opposite to or adjacent to or connected with the other three radiating arms 11 of the radiating unit 10; while the remaining one end, called the corner end 15, is not opposite or adjacent or in contact with the other three radiating arms 11 of the radiating element 10. The four radiating arms 11 of the radiating element 10 each have a corner end 15.

Specifically, the four radiation arms 11 of the radiation unit 10 are referred to as a first radiation arm 111, a second radiation arm 112, a third radiation arm 113 and a fourth radiation arm 114, respectively, in sequence, where the first radiation arm 111 and the third radiation arm 113 belong to the same polarization, the second radiation arm 112 and the fourth radiation arm 114 belong to the same polarization, the first radiation arm 111 is adjacent to the second radiation arm 112 and the fourth radiation arm 114, respectively, and the third radiation arm 113 is adjacent to the second radiation arm 112 and the fourth radiation arm 114, respectively.

Taking the first radiation arm 111 as an example, the rectangular first radiation arm 111 has four ends, which are a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end in sequence, respectively, wherein the first end is opposite to the third radiation arm 113, the second end is adjacent to the fourth radiation arm 114, the fourth end is adjacent to the second radiation arm 112, and the third end is not adjacent to the second radiation arm 112, the third radiation arm 113 and the fourth radiation arm 114, so that the third end is the corner end 15.

The corner portion 12 is provided on the corner end portion 15. The corner portion 12 is bent from the radiation surface of the radiation arm 11 toward the back surface opposite to the radiation surface. The corners 12 may be regular or irregular in shape, such as triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, circular, and elliptical, among others. The angle of bending of the corner 12 in the direction of the back of the radiating arm 11 is between 0 ° and 180 °, preferably 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °. In one embodiment, the corner portion 12 is integrally connected with the corner end portion 15, and the corner portion 12 is connected with the corner end portion 15 through a surface connection mode.

A corner 12 is correspondingly arranged on each corner end 15 of the four radiating arms 11 of the radiating unit 10, that is, a corner 12 is correspondingly arranged on the corner end 15 of the first radiating arm 111, a corner 12 is correspondingly arranged on the corner end 15 of the second radiating arm 112, a corner 12 is correspondingly arranged on the corner end 15 of the third radiating arm 113, and a corner 12 is correspondingly arranged on the corner end 15 of the fourth radiating arm 114; the four corners 12 all have the same bend angle. The four radiating arms 11 of the radiating element 10 are respectively provided with the corner parts 12, so that the structural strength of the radiating arms 11 is improved, and the cross polarization of the radiating element 10 can be reduced. The corner part 12 connected with the corner end part 15 of the radiation arm 11 forms a stable triangular structure corresponding to the radiation arm 11, which is beneficial to the stability of the structure of the radiation arm 11; and the bent corners 12 will concentrate the current fed to the radiating element 10 thereon to enhance the gain of the radiating element 10 and reduce cross polarization.

The edge 13 is disposed between two adjacent corners 12 of the radiating arm 11, and the edge 13 is bent in the same direction as the corners 12. Specifically, in the circumferential direction of the radiation unit 10, a rim 13 for connecting two adjacent corners 12 is provided between two adjacent corners 12, and the rim 13 is bent from the radiation surface of the radiation unit 10 toward the back surface, and the bending angle of the rim 13 is the same as that of the corner 12. The edge 13 is bent to extend the length of the edge of the radiating element 10, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the radiating element 10, and the reduction of the size of the radiating element 10 reduces the distance between each radiating element 10 of the antenna and the antenna isolation strip, so that the influence of the antenna isolation strip on the radiating element 10 is correspondingly reduced, and the isolation of the radiating element 10 is improved. In one embodiment, the edge 13 is parallel to a dummy line between two corner ends 15 corresponding to the two corners 12 to which it is connected.

The rim 13 is further provided with an open slot 131, the open slot 131 being arranged along the length of the rim 13, in particular, the open slot 131 is formed by the rim 13 having a narrow dimension relative to the corner 12 connected to both sides thereof.

Four radiation arms 11 of radiation unit 10 correspond four corner tip 15, all connect through border 13 between two adjacent corner tip 15 in four corner tip 15, then correspond on the radiation unit 10 and set up four borders 13.

The radiation arm 11 is further provided with an invagination slot 16, and the invagination slot 16 extends from the corner end 15 of the radiation arm 11 in the direction of the other radiation arm 11 with the same polarization. The recessed groove 16 is a through groove disposed on the radiating arm 11, and the recessed groove 16 can be used to extend the electrical connection length of the radiating element 10, thereby increasing the gain of the radiating element 10. In one embodiment, the recessed slot 16 may be rectangular, pentagonal, elliptical, etc.

In another embodiment, the recessed slot 16 may extend to the corner 12, reducing the area of the recessed slot 16 and increasing the electrical connection length of the radiating element 10. The shape of the recessed groove 16 extending to the corner 12 may be rectangular, semi-elliptical, or semi-circular. In some embodiments, to facilitate the extension of the undercut 16 to the corner 12, the undercut 16 may also extend to both edges 13 on either side of the corner 12.

The four radiating arms 11 of the radiating element 10 are respectively provided with an invagination groove 16, so that the area of the radiating surface of the radiating element 10 is reduced, and the electrical connection length of the radiating element 10 is increased.

A separation groove 17 for separating the two radiation arms 11 is provided between the adjacent two radiation arms 11 of the radiation unit 10, and the four separation grooves 17 correspondingly formed between the four radiation arms 11 of the radiation unit 10 communicate with each other to form a cross groove 171 in the radiation unit 10. Specifically, a separation groove 17 is provided between the first radiation arm 111 and the second radiation arm 112; a separation groove 17 is arranged between the second radiation arm 112 and the third radiation arm 113; a separation groove 17 is arranged between the third radiation arm 113 and the fourth radiation arm 114; a separation groove 17 is provided between the fourth radiation arm 114 and the first radiation arm 111, and the four separation grooves 17 communicate to form a cross groove 171.

In one embodiment, when the radiation unit 10 is a cross dipole radiation unit 10, the cross slot 171 can be used for a complementary conductor, so that the radiation unit 10 of the present invention works in a dipole mode, and the loading through the cross slot 171 can make the radiation unit 10 feed out a dual frequency point to improve the bandwidth of the radiation unit 10, the operating frequency band of the radiation unit 10 is between 3.2GHz and 4.2GHz, and preferably, the radiation unit 10 can feed out a frequency point of 4.05 GHz. The cross slots 171 may also make the current distribution over the radiating element 10 more uniform to improve the gain of the radiating element 10. Further, the provision of the cross slot 171 changes the electrical length between the feed pins 14 between the two radiation arms 11 in the polarization direction, thereby adjusting the standing wave of the radiation unit 10.

Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a graph showing a simulation of the standing wave ratio of the test antenna when the test antenna uses the present radiation unit 11. It can be known from this fig. 7 that, because the utility model discloses a 4.05GHz frequency point can be presented to radiating element 11's cross recess 171, and 3.3GHz frequency point can be presented to border 13, and cross recess 171 and border 13 can expand the bandwidth jointly.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, a separation groove 18 is disposed between two adjacent radiation arms 11 of the radiation unit 10, the separation groove 18 is disposed in parallel with the edge 13 between the two radiation arms 11, and the separation groove 18 is disposed in the middle of the two radiation arms 11 and corresponds to the separation groove 17 between the two radiation arms 11. The isolation groove 18 is also provided with an opening on the corresponding edge 13, which opening is in the same direction as the extension of the separation groove 17 between the two radiation arms 11, so that the isolation groove 18 forms an open structure. When the isolation groove 18 and the opening are rectangular, the isolation groove 18 and the opening form a T-shaped groove 181 structure.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, four feeding pins 14 are disposed on the radiating element 10, and the four feeding pins 14 correspond to the four radiating arms 11 of the radiating element 10, respectively. The feeding pin 14 is disposed under the back surface of the radiating arm 11, and the feeding pin 14 is connected to an edge of the recessed slot 16 of the radiating arm 11. Specifically, one end of the feeding pin 14 is connected to the edge of the recessed slot 16 of the radiating arm 11, and the other end is used for connection to an external feeding terminal. In one embodiment, the end of the feeding pin 14 connected to the edge of the recessed slot 16 is bent to form a feeding tab 141 parallel to the recessed slot 16 for electrical connection; the end of feed pin 14 connected to the external feed end is bent into a mounting piece 142 parallel to the radiation plane of radiation element 10 so that feed pin 14 is supported on the external feed end.

In one embodiment, feed tab 141 of feed pin 14 is connected to an edge of recessed slot 16 of radiating arm 11 near another radiating arm 11 of the same polarization, or feed tab 141 of feed pin 14 is connected to an edge of recessed slot 16 of radiating arm 11 near corner end 15. Preferably, the feeding tab 141 of the feeding pin 14 is connected to the recessed slot 16 of the radiating arm 11 near the edge of another radiating arm 11 with the same polarization, so that the structure of the radiating element 10 is more compact, and the bent feeding tab 141 facilitates the layout of the differential feeding network 20 when the feeding tab 141 of the feeding pin 14 of the radiating element 10 is electrically connected to the differential feeding network 20.

The radiating element 10 is an integral structure, which is convenient for manufacturing and bending the feed pin 14. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the radiation unit 10 may be formed by stamping and forming a metal plate, so that the radiation unit 10 is integrally formed. When manufacturing the feeding pin 14, the radiating element 10 can be integrally formed by stamping the radiating arm 11 to form the recessed slot 16, and stamping the material of the radiating arm 11 to form the recessed slot 16 to form the feeding pin 14 corresponding to the radiating arm 11. In which the connection portion of the feeding pin 14 and the recessed slot 16 is the material left when the radiating arm 11 is punched, that is, the connection portion of the feeding pin 14 and the recessed slot 16 is not punched, so that the feeding pin 14 and the radiating arm 11 can be integrally connected. And the radiation arm 11 is conveniently punched to form the sunken groove 16 and the feed pin 14, and the connection part of the feed pin 14 and the sunken groove 16 is positioned at the edge of the sunken groove 16 of the radiation arm 11 close to the other radiation arm 11 with the same polarization, or the sunken groove 16 of the radiation arm 11 close to the edge of the corner end 15; is convenient for stamping and forming the metal plate.

Since the feed pin 14 is formed by stamping the recessed slot 16, the area occupied by the feed pin 14 is substantially the same as the area occupied by the recessed slot 16.

The radiation unit 10 is formed by a sheet metal stamping process through one-time stamping by using a die, so that the production links of the radiation unit 10 are reduced, errors are reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the large-scale production and manufacturing are facilitated.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the radiating arm 11 of the radiating element 10 is preferably 0.5mm to 1mm, and the height of the radiating element 10 is 9.3mm (0.1 λ).

The utility model also provides an antenna subarray 30, combine fig. 5, this antenna subarray 30 includes dielectric-plate 19 and sets up a plurality of as above on dielectric-plate 19 radiating element 10 and set up in dielectric-plate 19's differential feed network 20.

The dielectric plate 19 includes a reflector, a PCB floor and a PCB dielectric plate stacked in sequence, the differential feeding network 20 is disposed on the PCB dielectric plate, and the radiation unit 10 is electrically connected to the differential feeding network 20 through the mounting pieces 142 of its four feeding pins 14.

The plurality of radiating elements 10 of the antenna sub-array 30 share the same dielectric plate 19 and the differential feed network 20, and the plurality of radiating elements 10 are arranged side by side or in a row.

In one embodiment, the antenna sub-array 30 includes three radiating elements 10, and the three radiating elements 10 are arranged in a column or side by side to form 1/3 sub-arrays.

The utility model also provides an antenna array 40, combine fig. 6, this antenna array 40 includes a plurality of as above antenna subarrays 30, and these a plurality of antenna subarrays 30 set up side by side. Preferably, the antenna sub-array 30 is 1/3 antenna sub-array 30.

To sum up, the radiation unit of the present invention can be configured with a corner portion bending toward the back of the radiation unit on the end of each radiation arm with the same polarization far away from the other radiation arm, and the corner portion will improve the structural strength of the radiation arm unit and reduce the cross polarization of the radiation unit; be equipped with between two adjacent bights and be used for connecting two bights and with the bight with the edge of the equidirectional bending of bight, the setting of border is convenient for radiating element's miniaturization, improves radiating element's isolation.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and is intended to illustrate the technical principles applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments formed by any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the above features are mutually replaced with (but not limited to) technical features having similar functions of the present invention.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims (13)

1. The utility model provides a radiating element, is integrated into one piece structure, includes two pairs of radiation arms with polarization quadrature setting, and every radiation arm has the radiating surface of coplanar setting, its characterized in that: each radiation arm in the same polarization is provided with a corner bent towards the back direction opposite to the radiation surface at the end part far away from the other radiation arm; and edges for connecting the two corners are arranged between the two adjacent corners along the circumferential direction of the radiation unit, and the edges and the corners are bent in the same direction.

2. The radiating element of claim 1, wherein each radiating arm has an undercut in the middle thereof, the undercut extending from the end of the radiating arm towards the other radiating arm of the same polarization.

3. The radiating element of claim 1, wherein the rim has a narrower dimension relative to a corner to which it is connected on two sides to form an open slot.

4. The radiating element of claim 2, wherein the radiating element includes four feeding pins corresponding to the four radiating arms, respectively, each feeding pin having one end connected to an edge of a corresponding one of the recessed slots and one end bent to form a mounting tab parallel to the radiating plane.

5. The radiating element of claim 4, wherein the feed pins are bent parts of the radiating element stamped to form recessed slots therein.

6. The radiating element of claim 5, wherein the feed pin occupies substantially the same area as the recessed slot.

7. The radiating element of claim 1, wherein a separating groove for separating two adjacent radiating arms is formed between the two adjacent radiating arms, and four separating grooves correspondingly formed by two pairs of radiating arms are communicated to form a cross-shaped groove.

8. The radiating element of claim 1, wherein an isolation slot is formed between two adjacent radiating arms, the isolation slot is parallel to the edge between the two radiating arms, and an opening is formed on the edge to communicate with the isolation slot to form an open structure.

9. The radiant unit of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the radiant unit is stamped and formed from sheet metal.

10. An antenna subarray, comprising a dielectric plate and a plurality of radiating elements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 disposed on the dielectric plate, wherein a differential feed network electrically connected to the plurality of radiating elements is disposed on the dielectric plate, so as to feed power to each radiating element through the differential feed network.

11. The antenna subarray of claim 10 wherein said plurality of radiating elements are arranged in columns or rows.

12. The antenna subarray of claim 11 wherein said antenna subarray comprises three radiating elements, said three radiating elements forming an 1/3 subarray.

13. An antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna sub-arrays as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 12, the plurality of antenna sub-arrays being arranged side by side.

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