CN214125258U - Digital step attenuator based on triode - Google Patents
Digital step attenuator based on triode Download PDFInfo
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- CN214125258U CN214125258U CN202022961551.8U CN202022961551U CN214125258U CN 214125258 U CN214125258 U CN 214125258U CN 202022961551 U CN202022961551 U CN 202022961551U CN 214125258 U CN214125258 U CN 214125258U
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Abstract
A digital step attenuator based on triode is formed by cascading a plurality of attenuation structure units with different attenuation step lengths, wherein each attenuation structure unit comprises: the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit, the n-shaped attenuation structure unit, the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation and the n-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation are arranged, and a series circuit switch or a parallel circuit switch of each attenuation structure unit adopts a triode with a base driven by bias current. The triode is used as a switch of the DSA, small insertion loss can be obtained due to small conduction impedance of the triode, and in addition, the influence of parasitic capacitance of a signal path is reduced by connecting a collector grounding emitter of the parallel triode with a signal end, so that the characteristic of wide bandwidth can be obtained; the compensation inductance is added on the basis of a basic DSA topological structure, the phase is kept constant in a decay state, the change of DSA performance along with temperature can be compensated by changing the temperature characteristic of current of an excitation triode, and the performance is kept relatively stable at high and low temperatures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of analog and radio frequency integrated circuits in a communication system, and particularly relates to a digital step attenuator based on a triode.
Background
In a communication system, a Digital Step Attenuator (DSA) is an important module for signal amplitude control, and the principle thereof is to adjust the amount of signal amplification or attenuation by changing the amount of self attenuation, and thus is also used for beam scanning control in a beam control system.
In the prior art, a DSA adopts a MOS transistor as a switch, or adopts a PHEMT circuit structure of GaAs and other processes. For DSA using MOS transistors, the reference states are: when the series switch is switched on and the parallel switch is switched off, the insertion loss is smaller; the attenuation state is: when the series switch is disconnected and the parallel switch is connected, the DSA shows attenuation with a specific amplitude, the DSA has the defects of large insertion loss, narrow bandwidth, incapability of keeping constant phase along with different attenuation amounts and the like, and in addition, the insertion loss and the attenuation step fluctuation under high and low temperatures are also large.
Causes of the disadvantages of DSA employing MOS transistors include: the MOS transistor has higher on-resistance, so that the MOS transistor is used as a switch and has larger insertion loss when being switched on; when the MOS transistor is used as a switch and is disconnected, the source-drain parasitic capacitance is large, so that insertion loss can be deteriorated along with the increase of working frequency, the working bandwidth is limited, and in addition, the phase can be changed due to parasitic influence when the MOS transistor is switched between a reference state and a decay state; the on-resistance and off-capacitance of the MOS transistor vary significantly with temperature, resulting in large performance fluctuations at high and low temperatures.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at overcoming the not enough that prior art exists, and having proposed a digital step attenuator based on triode, adopt the triode as DSA's switch, realize reducing the insertion loss, improve the work bandwidth, reduce the phase fluctuation and reduce the performance fluctuation under the high low temperature.
The utility model provides a following technical scheme.
A digital step attenuator based on triode is formed by cascading a plurality of attenuation structure units with different attenuation step lengths, wherein each attenuation structure unit comprises: the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit, the n-shaped attenuation structure unit, the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation and the n-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation are arranged in the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit;
the series branch switch and the parallel branch switch of the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit both adopt triodes, wherein the emitting electrode of the parallel branch triode is connected with the signal transmission line through a resistor, and the collector electrode of the parallel branch triode is grounded;
the series branch switch, the first parallel branch switch and the second parallel branch switch of the n-shaped attenuation structure unit are all triodes, wherein the emitting electrodes of the first parallel branch triode and the second parallel branch triode are respectively connected with two ends of a signal transmission line through resistors, and the collecting electrodes are all grounded;
the series branch switch and the parallel branch switch of the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with the phase compensation both adopt triodes, wherein the emitting electrode of the parallel branch triode is connected with a signal transmission line through a resistor, the collecting electrode of the parallel branch triode is grounded, and a basic energy storage element is adopted as a phase compensation device;
the series branch switch, the first parallel branch switch and the second parallel branch switch of the n-shaped attenuation structure unit with the phase compensation all adopt triodes, wherein emitting electrodes of the first parallel branch triode and the second parallel branch triode are respectively connected with two ends of a signal transmission line through resistors, collecting electrodes are all grounded, and a basic energy storage element is adopted as a phase compensation device.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit comprises: the circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a first transmission line impedance, a second transmission line impedance, a first triode and a second triode;
the signal input end is connected with one end of the first transmission line impedance, one end of the first resistor and the emitting electrode of the first triode; the other end of the first transmission line impedance is connected with one end of the second transmission line impedance and one end of the second resistor; the other end of the second transmission line impedance, the other end of the first resistor and the collector of the first triode are connected with the signal output end; the other end of the second resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the second triode, and a collector electrode of the second triode is grounded.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation comprises: the device comprises a first upper half-arm resistor, a first lower half-arm resistor, a second resistor, a first transmission line impedance, a second transmission line impedance, a first triode, a second triode and a basic energy storage element;
the signal input end is connected with one end of the first transmission line impedance, one end of the first upper half-arm resistor and the emitting electrode of the first triode; the other end of the first transmission line impedance is connected with one end of the second transmission line impedance and one end of the second resistor; the other end of the second transmission line impedance, the other end of the first lower half-arm resistor and the collector of the first triode are connected with the signal output end; the other end of the first upper half-arm resistor is connected with one end of a basic energy storage element, and the other end of the basic energy storage element is connected with one end of a first lower half-arm resistor; the other end of the second resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the second triode, and a collector electrode of the second triode is grounded.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the pi-type attenuation structure unit includes: the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor, the third triode, the fourth triode and the fifth triode;
the signal input end is connected with one end of a fourth resistor and an emitting electrode of a fourth triode; the other end of the fourth resistor and the collector of the fourth triode are connected with the signal output end; one end of the third resistor is connected with the signal input end, the other end of the third resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the third triode, and a collector electrode of the third triode is grounded; one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the signal output end, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the fifth triode, and a collector electrode of the fifth triode is grounded.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the pi-type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation comprises: the device comprises a third resistor, a fourth upper half-arm resistor, a fourth lower half-arm resistor, a fifth resistor, a third triode, a fourth triode, a fifth triode and a basic energy storage element;
the signal input end is connected with one end of the fourth upper half-arm resistor and the emitting electrode of the fourth triode; the other end of the fourth lower half-arm resistor and the collector of the fourth triode are connected with the signal output end; the other end of the fourth upper half-arm resistor is connected with one end of a basic energy storage element, and the other end of the basic energy storage element is connected with one end of a fourth lower half-arm resistor; one end of the third resistor is connected with the signal input end, the other end of the third resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the third triode, and a collector electrode of the third triode is grounded; one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the signal output end, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the fifth triode, and a collector electrode of the fifth triode is grounded.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit and the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation, the resistance values of the first transmission line impedance and the second transmission line impedance are equal.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation, the resistance values of the first upper half-arm resistor and the second lower half-arm resistor are equal.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the n-type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation, the fourth upper half arm resistor and the fourth lower half arm resistor have the same resistance value.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation and the n-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation, the basic energy storage element is an inductor or a capacitor.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in a triode-based digital step attenuator, the base stage of the triode is driven with a bias current.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the bias current is generated by a bias circuit;
the bias circuit includes: a band-gap reference current source, a current source proportional to absolute temperature, an N current mirror and a P current mirror;
the output end of a current source which is proportional to the absolute temperature is connected with the input end of a band-gap reference current source to form a bias current source loop, and a P current mirror is connected with the bias current loop in parallel; the N current mirror is connected in parallel with the band-gap reference current source.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the digital step attenuator, the cascade mode of each attenuation structure unit comprises the following steps: single-ended cascading and differential cascading.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme, compare with prior art, have following technological effect:
1. the triode is used as a switch of the DSA, small insertion loss can be obtained due to small conduction impedance of the triode, in addition, the influence of parasitic capacitance of a signal path is reduced by connecting a collector grounding emitter of the parallel triode with a signal end, and the characteristic of wide bandwidth can be obtained.
2. On the basis of a basic DSA topological structure, compensation inductance is added, and the phase is kept constant in a decay state.
3. The change of the DSA performance along with the temperature can be compensated by changing the temperature characteristic of the current of the excitation triode, and the performance is kept relatively stable at high and low temperatures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic block diagram of a digital step attenuator based on triode according to the present invention, which includes two parts, a DSA circuit and a bias control circuit;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit in the digital step attenuator based on triode according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation in the triode based digital step attenuator according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a pi-type attenuation structure unit in the triode-based digital step attenuator according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a pi-type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation in the triode-based digital step attenuator according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a bias circuit in the triode based digital step attenuator of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of single-ended cascade connection of attenuation structure units in the digital step attenuator based on triode of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of the differential cascade connection of the attenuation structure units in the digital step attenuator based on triode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, a digital step attenuator based on a triode is formed by cascading a plurality of attenuation structure units with different attenuation step lengths, wherein the attenuation structure units comprise: the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit, the n-shaped attenuation structure unit, the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation and the n-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation are arranged in the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit;
in particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
referring to fig. 2, the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit adopts a first triode S1As a series branch switch, a second triode S is adopted2As a parallel branch switch, wherein the second transistor S2Via a second resistor R2Is connected with the signal transmission line and the collector is grounded.
The bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit comprises: a first resistor R1A second resistor R2First transmission line impedance Z1A second transmission line impedance Z2A first triode S1A second triode S2；
Signal input terminal IN and first transmission line impedance Z1One end of (1), a first resistor R1And a first triode S1The emitter of (3) is connected; first transmission line impedance Z1And the other end of the second transmission line impedance Z2One end of (1), a second resistor R2Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; second transmission line impedance Z2Another terminal of (1), a first resistor R1And the other end of the first transistor S1The collector of which is connected with the signal output terminal OUT; a second resistor R2And the other end of the second triode S2The emitter of the first triode S is connected with the second triode S2The collector of (2) is grounded; first transmission line impedance Z1And a second transmission line impedance Z2Are all Z in equal resistance0。
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
referring to fig. 3, the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation adopts a first triode S1As a switch for the series branch, a second triode S is used2As a switch for the parallel branch, a second triode S2Via a second resistor R2The collector is connected with the transmission line and grounded; a first inductor L connected in series1As a phase compensation device.
It should be noted that the structure of the phase compensation device includes, but is not limited to, a series inductor and a parallel capacitor, and those skilled in the art can select the structure of the phase compensation device according to actual needs, in this embodiment, the series first inductor L1As a phase compensation device, this is only a non-limiting preferred choice.
The bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation comprises: first upper half-arm resistor R'1First lower half arm resistor R1A second resistor R2First transmission line impedance Z1A second transmission line impedance Z2A first triode S1A second triode S2A first inductor L1；
Signal input terminal IN and first transmission line impedance Z1One end of (1), a first upper half-arm resistor R'1And a first triode S1The emitter of (3) is connected; first transmission line impedance Z1And the other end of the second transmission line impedance Z2One end of (1), a second resistor R2Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; second transmission line impedance Z2The other end of (1), the first lower half arm resistance R ″)1And the other end of the first transistor S1The collector of which is connected with the signal output terminal OUT;
first upper half-arm resistor R'1Another end of (1) and the first inductor L1Is connected to the first inductor L1And the other end of the first lower half arm resistor R ″)1Is connected with one end of the connecting rod;
a second resistor R2And the other end of the second triode S2The emitter of the first triode S is connected with the second triode S2The collector of (2) is grounded;
first transmission line impedance Z1And a second transmission line impedance Z2Are all Z in equal resistance0；
First upper half-arm resistor R'1And a second lower half-arm resistance R ″)1Are all R1/2。
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
referring to fig. 4, the pi-type attenuation unit employs a third transistor S3As a switch for the first parallel branch, a fourth triode S is used4As a switch for the series branch, a fifth triode S is used5A third triode S as a switch for the second parallel branch3And a fifth triode S5Respectively through a third resistor R3A fifth resistor R5A third triode S connected with both ends of the signal transmission line3And a fifth triode S5The collectors of all the three are grounded.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
the pi-type attenuation structure unit includes: third resistor R3A fourth resistor R4A fifth resistor R5A third triode S3A fourth triode S4The fifth triode S5；
Signal input terminal IN and fourth resistor R4And a fourth triode S4The emitter of (3) is connected; a fourth resistor R4And the other end of the fourth transistor S4The collector of which is connected with the signal output terminal OUT;
third resistor R3One end of which is connected with the signal input end IN to the third resistor R3And the other end of the third triode S3Is connected to the emitter of the third triode S3The collector of (2) is grounded;
fifth resistor R5Is connected with the signal output terminal OUT, a fifth resistor R5And the other end of the first triode S5Is connected to the emitter of the fifth triode S5The collector of (a) is grounded.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
referring to fig. 5, the pi-type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation adopts a third triode S3As a switch for the first parallel branch, a fourth triode S is used4As a switch for the series branch, a fifth triode S is used5A third triode S as a switch for the second parallel branch3And a fifth triode S5Respectively through a third resistor R3A fifth resistor R5A third triode S connected with both ends of the signal transmission line3And a fifth triode S5The collector electrodes of the two-way current collector are all grounded; a second inductor L connected in series2As a phase compensation device.
It should be noted that the structure of the phase compensation device includes, but is not limited to, a series inductor and a parallel capacitor, and those skilled in the art can select the structure of the phase compensation device according to actual needs, in this embodiment, the second inductor L is connected in series2As a phase compensation device, this is only a non-limiting preferred choice.
The pi-type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation comprises: third resistor R3And fourth upper half-arm resistor R'4The fourth lower half arm resistor R ″)4A fifth resistor R5A third triode S3A fourth triode S4The fifth triode S5A second inductor L2；
Signal input end IN and fourth upper half-arm resistor R'4And a fourth triode S4The emitter of (3) is connected; fourth lower half arm resistance R ″)4And the other end of the fourth transistor S4The collector of which is connected with the signal output terminal OUT;
fourth upper half-arm resistor R'4And the other end of the second inductor L2Is connected to a second inductance L2And the other end of (1) and a fourth lower half arm resistor R ″4Is connected with one end of the connecting rod;
third resistor R3Is connected to the signal input terminal IN, a third resistor R3And the other end of the third triode S3Is connected to the emitter of the third triode S3The collector of (2) is grounded;
fifth resistor R5Is connected with the signal output terminal OUT, a fifth resistor R5The other end of (1) andthe fifth triode S5Is connected to the emitter of the fifth triode S5The collector of (2) is grounded;
fourth upper half-arm resistor R'4And a fourth lower half-arm resistance R ″4Are all R2/2。
In a triode-based digital step attenuator, the base stage of the triode is driven with a bias current.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
the bias current is generated by a bias circuit;
as shown in fig. 6, the bias circuit includes: a band gap reference current source I _ BG, a current source I _ PTAT proportional to absolute temperature, an N current mirror and a P current mirror.
The output end of a current source I _ PTAT proportional to absolute temperature is connected with the input end of a band-gap reference current source I _ BG to form a bias current source loop, and a P current mirror is connected with the bias current loop in parallel; the N current mirror is connected with the band-gap reference current source I _ BG in parallel.
Notably, N-current mirrors and P-current mirrors, including but not limited to, mirror structures, cascode structures, low voltage cascode structures, triode current mirror structures; the skilled person can adopt different N current mirror structure and P current mirror structure according to the practical application requirement, the mirror structure that the preferred embodiment of the present invention adopts is a non-limiting preferred choice.
The current mirror proportions of the N current mirror and the P current mirror adopt different numerical values, and the proportion numerical value can be adjusted by adopting a programming mode.
The bias circuit obtains a bias current with a higher slope by subtracting a current I _ PTAT proportional to absolute temperature from a bandgap reference current I _ BG, thereby compensating the temperature influence to a greater extent.
The band-gap reference current source I _ BG and the current source I _ PTAT which is proportional to absolute temperature can respectively adopt a programming mode to adjust the magnitude of output current; the finally output bias currents I _ OUT _1, I _ OUT _2 and … … I _ OUT _ n change correspondingly with the temperature change, so that the temperature change characteristic meeting the application requirement can be obtained by selecting a proper slope.
In the digital step attenuator, the cascade mode of each attenuation structure unit comprises the following steps: single-ended cascading and differential cascading.
As shown in fig. 7, the digital step attenuator is composed of attenuation structure units with 6 different attenuation steps in a single-ended cascade manner. The attenuation structure unit with the attenuation step length of 0.5dB adopts a single-ended circuit type bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation; the attenuation structure unit with the attenuation step length of 8dB adopts a pi-shaped attenuation structure with phase compensation. The capacitance and inductance across the transmission line achieve isolation and provide dc bias.
As shown in fig. 8, the digital step attenuator is composed of 6 attenuation structure units with different attenuation steps in a differential cascade manner, wherein the attenuation structure unit with the attenuation step of 0.5dB adopts a differential circuit type bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation, and the attenuation structure unit with the attenuation step of 8dB adopts a differential circuit type pi-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation. The capacitance and inductance across the transmission line achieve isolation and provide dc bias.
It is noted that any one-stage attenuation structure unit includes, but is not limited to, a bridge T-type attenuation structure unit, a Π -type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation, a bridge T-type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation; the skilled person can select the attenuating structure elements according to the requirements of the actual application, and the attenuating structure elements in the preferred embodiment shown in fig. 7 are only a non-limiting preferred choice.
It should be noted that, the skilled person can select the number of cascaded attenuation units in the digital step attenuator and the specific attenuation amount of each stage according to the practical application requirement, and as shown in the preferred embodiment shown in fig. 7, the cascaded 6 attenuation units in the digital step attenuator and the specific attenuation amount of each stage are a non-limiting preferred choice.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A digital step attenuator based on triode is formed by cascading a plurality of attenuation structure units with different attenuation step lengths,
the attenuation structure unit includes: the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit, the n-shaped attenuation structure unit, the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation and the n-shaped attenuation structure unit with phase compensation are arranged in the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit;
the series branch switch and the parallel branch switch of the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit both adopt triodes, wherein the emitting electrode of the parallel branch triode is connected with the signal transmission line, and the collecting electrode of the parallel branch triode is grounded;
the series branch switch, the first parallel branch switch and the second parallel branch switch of the n-shaped attenuation structure unit are all triodes, wherein the emitting electrodes of the first parallel branch triode and the second parallel branch triode are connected with a signal transmission line, and the collecting electrodes are all grounded;
the series branch switch and the parallel branch switch of the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with the phase compensation both adopt triodes, wherein the emitting electrode of the parallel branch triode is connected with the signal transmission line, the collecting electrode of the parallel branch triode is grounded, and a basic energy storage element is adopted as a phase compensation device;
the series branch switch, the first parallel branch switch and the second parallel branch switch of the n-shaped attenuation structure unit with the phase compensation all adopt triodes, wherein emitting electrodes of the first parallel branch triode and the second parallel branch triode are connected with a signal transmission line, collecting electrodes of the first parallel branch triode and the second parallel branch triode are grounded, and a basic energy storage element is adopted as a phase compensation device.
2. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 1,
the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit comprises: the circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a first transmission line impedance, a second transmission line impedance, a first triode and a second triode;
the signal input end is connected with one end of the first transmission line impedance, one end of the first resistor and the emitting electrode of the first triode; the other end of the first transmission line impedance is connected with one end of the second transmission line impedance and one end of the second resistor; the other end of the second transmission line impedance, the other end of the first resistor and the collector of the first triode are connected with the signal output end; the other end of the second resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the second triode, and a collector electrode of the second triode is grounded.
3. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 1,
the bridge T-shaped attenuation structure unit with the phase compensation comprises: the device comprises a first upper half-arm resistor, a first lower half-arm resistor, a second resistor, a first transmission line impedance, a second transmission line impedance, a first triode, a second triode and a basic energy storage element;
the signal input end is connected with one end of the first transmission line impedance, one end of the first upper half-arm resistor and the emitting electrode of the first triode; the other end of the first transmission line impedance is connected with one end of the second transmission line impedance and one end of the second resistor; the other end of the second transmission line impedance, the other end of the first lower half-arm resistor and the collector of the first triode are connected with the signal output end; the other end of the first upper half-arm resistor is connected with one end of a basic energy storage element, and the other end of the basic energy storage element is connected with one end of a first lower half-arm resistor; the other end of the second resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the second triode, and a collector electrode of the second triode is grounded.
4. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 1,
the pi-type attenuation structure unit includes: the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor, the third triode, the fourth triode and the fifth triode;
the signal input end is connected with one end of a fourth resistor and an emitting electrode of a fourth triode; the other end of the fourth resistor and the collector of the fourth triode are connected with the signal output end; one end of the third resistor is connected with the signal input end, the other end of the third resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the third triode, and a collector electrode of the third triode is grounded; one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the signal output end, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the fifth triode, and a collector electrode of the fifth triode is grounded.
5. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 1,
the pi-type attenuation structure unit with phase compensation comprises: the device comprises a third resistor, a fourth upper half-arm resistor, a fourth lower half-arm resistor, a fifth resistor, a third triode, a fourth triode, a fifth triode and a basic energy storage element;
the signal input end is connected with one end of the fourth upper half-arm resistor and the emitting electrode of the fourth triode; the other end of the fourth lower half-arm resistor and the collector of the fourth triode are connected with the signal output end; the other end of the fourth upper half-arm resistor is connected with one end of a basic energy storage element, and the other end of the basic energy storage element is connected with one end of a fourth lower half-arm resistor; one end of the third resistor is connected with the signal input end, the other end of the third resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the third triode, and a collector electrode of the third triode is grounded; one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the signal output end, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the fifth triode, and a collector electrode of the fifth triode is grounded.
6. The triode based digital step attenuator of claim 2 or 3, wherein: the first transmission line impedance and the second transmission line impedance have equal resistance values.
7. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 3, wherein: the first upper half-arm resistor and the first lower half-arm resistor are equal in resistance value.
8. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 5, wherein: and the fourth upper half-arm resistor and the fourth lower half-arm resistor have the same resistance value.
9. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 3 or 5, wherein: the primary energy storage element is an inductor or a capacitor.
10. The triode-based digital step attenuator of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the base stage of the triode is driven by bias current.
11. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 10, wherein:
the bias current is generated by a bias circuit;
the bias circuit includes: a band-gap reference current source, a current source proportional to absolute temperature, an N current mirror and a P current mirror;
the output end of a current source which is proportional to the absolute temperature is connected with the input end of a band-gap reference current source to form a bias current source loop, and a P current mirror is connected with the bias current loop in parallel; the N current mirror is connected in parallel with the band-gap reference current source.
12. The triode-based digital step attenuator of claim 1, wherein: in the digital step attenuator, the cascade mode of each attenuation structure unit comprises: single-ended cascading and differential cascading.
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