CN214104578U

CN214104578U - Proximal intramedullary nail for femur

Info

Publication number: CN214104578U
Application number: CN202022406389.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨运发
Original assignee: Guangzhou First Peoples Hospital
Current assignee: Guangzhou First Peoples Hospital
Priority date: 2020-10-26
Filing date: 2020-10-26
Publication date: 2021-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-26

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments and discloses a proximal femoral intramedullary nail, which comprises a main nail, a fixing nail and an adjusting part; the main nail is provided with a near end, and the near end of the main nail is provided with a first through hole for the fixing nail to pass through; the fixing nail penetrates through the first through hole and is positioned in the first through hole in a rotatable mode; the fixing nail is provided with a through hole or a groove penetrating through two sides of the fixing nail, the adjusting piece penetrates through the through hole or the groove, and two ends of the adjusting piece respectively protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail. When the fixing nail has the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination, the fixing nail is rotated, and the adjusting piece is placed in the fixing nail to make up the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination of the fixing nail, so that the time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operation of the fixing nail in poor position and the damage to the bone structure can be avoided, the operation is simple and convenient, the fault-tolerant rate is high, the X-ray exposure is less, the operation efficiency is high, and the fixing nail is suitable for fixing various types of proximal femoral fractures.

Description

Proximal intramedullary nail for femur

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a proximal femoral intramedullary nail.

Background

Intramedullary nails are common instruments for orthopedic internal fixation, have the advantages of stably controlling the axial force line of a fracture part, preventing rotational deformity of fracture and reducing the risk of fracture of an implant, and are widely applied to treatment schemes of femoral fracture. The existing intramedullary nail structure comprises a main nail fixed inside a femoral shaft and a fixing nail obliquely penetrating through the proximal end of the main nail, wherein the fixing nail is used for being inserted into the femoral neck and connecting fracture parts, fixing the fracture parts and performing the next treatment work.

In the process of inserting the intramedullary nail into the femur at present, because the femur of a human body is wrapped by soft tissue layers such as skin, muscle, tendon and the like, the human femur is difficult to directly observe by naked eyes and the intramedullary nail is placed at the optimal position (generally, a geometric central axis) of the femoral fracture part, so that an X-ray camera is required to shoot the human femur and assist the insertion of the intramedullary nail into the femur. However, despite the assistance of the X-ray camera, the main nail and the fixing nail still suffer from the operation error of the doctor, which easily causes the fixing nail not to be in a satisfactory position at the femoral fracture part, and the fixing nail needs to be pulled out and reinserted into the femoral neck. Since the fixing nail needs to be shot by an X-ray camera every time the fixing nail is inserted into the femur, the human body is frequently irradiated by X-rays, and certain harm can be caused. In addition, the multiple extraction and insertion of the fixation nail can cause great damage to the femur of an elderly patient.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at: the novel proximal femoral intramedullary nail can effectively compensate the defect of poor position of a fixing nail, has high fault-tolerant rate, avoids time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operation, reduces X-ray exposure, shortens operation time and improves operation efficiency.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a proximal femoral intramedullary nail, which comprises a main nail, a fixing nail and an adjusting piece; the main nail is provided with a near end, and the near end of the main nail is provided with a first through hole for the fixing nail to pass through;

the fixing nail penetrates through the first through hole and is positioned in the first through hole in a rotatable mode; the fixing nail is provided with a through hole or a groove penetrating through two sides of the fixing nail, the adjusting piece penetrates through the through hole or the groove, and two ends of the adjusting piece respectively protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail.

Further, the adjusting piece is arranged obliquely relative to the central axis of the fixing nail.

Furthermore, the included angle between the adjusting piece and the central axis of the fixing nail is 5-7 degrees.

Further, the adjusting piece is a screw or a blade.

Further, the included angle between the central axis of the first through hole and the central axis of the proximal end of the main nail is 45-70 degrees.

Further, the device also comprises a locking nail; the end of the main nail far away from the near end of the main nail is a far end, and a second through hole for the locking nail to pass through is formed in the far end of the main nail.

Further, the near end of the main nail and the far end of the main nail are arranged in an angle, and the included angle between the near end of the main nail and the far end of the main nail is 160-175 degrees.

Furthermore, the device also comprises a limit pin; the near-end of main nail be equipped with along its central axis set up and with the spacing hole of first through-hole intercommunication, the spacing nail is worn to locate spacing downthehole and its terminal butt extremely the lateral wall of staple.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model provides a proximal femoral intramedullary nail, its beneficial effect lies in:

the proximal femoral intramedullary nail of the embodiment of the utility model is characterized in that the fixing nail is arranged in the first through hole of the main nail in a penetrating way and rotates freely in the first through hole, after the fixing nail is rotated to the most suitable angle, the adjusting piece is arranged in the through hole or the groove of the fixing nail in a penetrating way, and the two ends of the adjusting piece respectively protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail; when the fixing nail has the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination, the position of the fixing nail is rotated and the adjusting piece is arranged to make up the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination of the fixing nail. If the front lean is insufficient, the fixing nail is rotated to enable the through hole or the groove arranged on the fixing nail to be positioned in front of the femoral neck and the adjusting piece is arranged in the fixing nail; if the femur neck is excessively anteverted, the fixing nail is rotated so that the through hole or the groove formed in the fixing nail is positioned behind the femur neck and the adjusting piece is placed in the through hole or the groove; the purpose is to integrate the fixing nail and the adjusting piece and make up for the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination of the fixing nail. Can avoid the time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operation and bone structure damage when the position of the fixing nail is not good, has simple and convenient operation, high fault-tolerant rate, less X-ray exposure and high operation efficiency, and is suitable for various types of proximal femoral fractures.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a proximal femoral intramedullary nail of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the proximal femoral intramedullary nail of the present invention;

in the figure, 1-main nail, 11-proximal end, 12-distal end; 2-fixing the nail; 3-an adjusting part; 4-a limit nail; 5-locking the nail.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and to simplify the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

As shown in fig. 1-2, a proximal intramedullary nail of femur of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a main nail 1, a fixing nail 2, and an adjusting member 3; the main nail 1 is provided with a near end 11, and the near end 11 of the main nail 1 is provided with a first through hole for the fixing nail 2 to pass through; the fixing nail 2 penetrates through the first through hole and is positioned in the first through hole to rotate randomly; the fixing nail 2 is provided with a through hole or a groove which runs through the two sides of the fixing nail, the adjusting piece 3 is arranged in the through hole or the groove in a penetrating way, and the two ends of the adjusting piece 3 respectively protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail 2.

Because the positioning of the intramedullary nail inside the femur is three-dimensional space positioning, when the fixation nail 2 is on the central axis of the front projection of the femur (as shown in fig. 1), the fixation nail 2 still has insufficient or excessive anteversion on the side projection of the femur (as shown in fig. 2), so that the intramedullary nail is difficult to perform precise positioning inside the femur at one time.

Wherein, first through-hole is circular through-hole, and it can pass through staple 2 just and make staple 2 freely rotate in first through-hole. The main nail 1 and the fixing nail 2 are respectively of a circular tubular structure, a first through hole is formed in the side wall of the main nail 1, the fixing nail 2 penetrates through the first through hole and can rotate freely in the first through hole, after the fixing nail 2 is rotated to a proper angle, the adjusting piece 3 is arranged in a through hole or a groove of the fixing nail 2 in a penetrating mode, and two ends of the adjusting piece protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail 2 respectively; when the fixing nail 2 has the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination, the position of the fixing nail 2 is rotated and the adjusting piece 3 is placed to make up the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination of the fixing nail 2. If the front lean is insufficient, the fixing nail 2 is rotated to enable the through hole or the groove arranged on the fixing nail 2 to be positioned in front of the femoral neck and the adjusting piece 3 is arranged in; if the femur neck is excessively inclined forward, the fixing nail 2 is rotated to enable the through hole or the groove formed in the fixing nail 2 to be positioned behind the femur neck and the adjusting piece 3 is placed in the through hole or the groove; the purpose is to integrate the fixing nail 2 and the adjusting piece 3 and make up for the defect that the fixing nail 2 is not inclined forward enough or is inclined forward excessively. The time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operation and the damage to the bone structure can be avoided when the position of the fixing nail 2 is not good, the operation is simple and convenient, the fault-tolerant rate is high, the X-ray exposure is less, and the operation efficiency is high.

Further, the adjusting member 3 is selected to be a screw or a blade according to whether the fixing nail 2 is provided with a through hole or a groove. When the fixing nail 2 is provided with a through hole penetrating through two sides of the fixing nail, the adjusting piece 3 is selected as a screw, and the screw penetrates through the through hole and enables two ends of the screw to respectively protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail 2. Referring to fig. 1, the central axis of the screw is obliquely arranged with the central axis of the fixing nail 2, specifically, the through hole is in an inclined hole structure, when the fixing nail 2 has the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination, the position of the fixing nail 2 is rotated and the adjusting piece 3 is placed to compensate the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination of the fixing nail 2. In addition, when the fixing nail 2 is provided with a groove penetrating through two sides of the fixing nail, the adjusting piece 3 is selected as a blade, and the length direction of the blade and the central axis of the fixing nail 2 are obliquely arranged.

Further, referring to fig. 2, according to the general structure shape and size of femur, the error range of the doctor to the insufficient or excessive anteversion of the fixation nail 2 is 5 to 7 °, therefore, the included angle α between the adjusting piece 3 and the central axis of the fixation nail 2 of the present invention is 5 to 7 °, so that the fixation nail 2 obtains satisfactory anteversion in the femoral neck.

Further, referring to fig. 1, because the structure of the femur is a gamma-shaped structure, so that the main nail 1 or the fixing nail 2 are obliquely arranged, the included angle β between the central axis of the first through hole and the central axis of the near end 11 of the main nail 1 is 45-70 °, so that the intramedullary nail of the present invention has universality.

Further, referring to fig. 1, the proximal intramedullary nail of femur of the present invention further includes a locking nail 5; the main nail 1 is provided with a far end 12 at one end far away from the near end 11, and the far end 12 of the main nail 1 is provided with a second through hole for the locking nail 5 to pass through. The locking nail 5 can be but not limited to a screw, the number of the locking nails 5 can be but not limited to two, two locking nails 5 are respectively arranged on the distal end 12 of the main nail 1, and the main nail 1 is firmly fixed in the femur without displacement.

Preferably, according to the structure shape of human femur, the near end 11 of the main nail 1 and the far end 12 of the main nail 1 of the present invention are arranged in an angle, and the included angle γ between the near end 11 of the main nail 1 and the far end 12 of the main nail 1 can be selected to be 160-175 °.

Furthermore, the proximal femoral intramedullary nail of the utility model also comprises a limit nail 4; the near-end 11 of main nail 1 is equipped with along its central axis setting and with the spacing hole of first through-hole intercommunication, spacing downthehole and its end butt joint to the lateral wall of staple 2 of locating pin 4 wears to locate. The stop pin 4 can be but not limited to the bolt, and the one end of stop pin 4 is worn in spacing downthehole and butt to the lateral wall of staple 2 for fixed regulating part 3 and staple 2 form a fixed whole back restriction regulating part 3 and staple 2 do not take place to rotate.

To sum up, the embodiment of the present invention provides a proximal femoral intramedullary nail, wherein a fixing nail 2 is inserted into a first through hole of a main nail 1 and rotates freely in the first through hole, and after the fixing nail 2 rotates to an optimal angle, an adjusting member 3 is inserted into a through hole or a groove of the fixing nail 2 and two ends of the adjusting member protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail 2; when the fixing nail 2 has the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination, the position of the fixing nail 2 is rotated and the adjusting piece 3 is placed to make up the defect of insufficient forward inclination or excessive forward inclination of the fixing nail 2. If the front lean is insufficient, the fixing nail 2 is rotated to enable the through hole or the groove arranged on the fixing nail 2 to be positioned in front of the femoral neck and the adjusting piece 3 is arranged in; if the femur neck is excessively inclined forward, the fixing nail 2 is rotated to enable the through hole or the groove formed in the fixing nail 2 to be positioned behind the femur neck and the adjusting piece 3 is placed in the through hole or the groove; the purpose is to integrate the fixing nail 2 and the adjusting piece 3 and make up for the defect that the fixing nail 2 is not inclined forward enough or is inclined forward excessively. Can avoid the time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operation and the damage to the bone structure when the position of the fixing nail 2 is not good, has simple and convenient operation, high fault-tolerant rate, less X-ray exposure and high operation efficiency, and is suitable for fixing various types of proximal femoral fractures.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A proximal femoral intramedullary nail, characterized by: comprises a main nail, a fixing nail and an adjusting piece; the main nail is provided with a near end, and the near end of the main nail is provided with a first through hole for the fixing nail to pass through;

2. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein the adjustment member is obliquely disposed relative to a central axis of the fixation nail.

3. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail of claim 2, wherein the angle between the adjustment member and the central axis of the fixation nail is between 5 ° and 7 °.

4. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the adjustment member is a screw or a blade.

5. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein the central axis of the first through hole is angled from 45 ° to 70 ° from the central axis of the proximal end of the main nail.

6. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail of claim 1, further comprising a locking nail; the end of the main nail far away from the near end of the main nail is a far end, and a second through hole for the locking nail to pass through is formed in the far end of the main nail.

7. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail of claim 6, wherein the proximal end of the main nail and the distal end of the main nail are angularly disposed, the proximal end of the main nail and the distal end of the main nail having an included angle of between 160 ° and 175 °.

8. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail of claim 1, further comprising a stop pin; the near-end of main nail be equipped with along its central axis set up and with the spacing hole of first through-hole intercommunication, the spacing nail is worn to locate spacing downthehole and its terminal butt extremely the lateral wall of staple.