CN214088567U - Metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device - Google Patents
Metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN214088567U CN214088567U CN202022469019.4U CN202022469019U CN214088567U CN 214088567 U CN214088567 U CN 214088567U CN 202022469019 U CN202022469019 U CN 202022469019U CN 214088567 U CN214088567 U CN 214088567U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device, which comprises a vacuum container, wherein a supporting frame is arranged in the vacuum container, the supporting frame is used for installing and placing metal to be treated, and the vacuum container is provided with a vacuum pump; one end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux change induction current coil, the other end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux change auxiliary induction current coil, and the high-frequency heating coil is wound on the metal to be processed. The utility model provides a non-contact magnetizing temperature rise and temperature reduction metal heat treatment new process, a magnetizing cooling temperature reduction new process, and a metal heat treatment and waste heat power generation integrated new process; the vacuum magnetization heat treatment ensures the material purity and the stress strain uniformity in the heat treatment process of the metal material.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a metal heat treatment and thermal-electrostatic power generation technology, in particular to a metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device.
Background
The heat treatment process of metals has been in history for thousands of years, and the metallographic structure and the mechanical strength (hardness, toughness, elasticity, plasticity, fracture strength, stress-strain distribution and the like) of the metals are greatly changed during heat treatment. The metal heat treatment seems simple, and is practically infinite and complex, so that not only can a lot of technologies be mastered at present, but also the metal heat treatment technology cannot be perfected for hundreds of years. The metallurgical structure (such as transformation and control of martensite, pearlite, austenite, etc.) is also very difficult to grasp.
More seriously, most metal heat treatments today utilize a coolant in direct contact with the hot metal, which can be transferred from external cooling to internal cooling by metal heat conduction. The heat treatment process which is commonly used for many years has the following serious defects that the heat source is directly contacted with the metal and is conducted into the metal through the surface heating of the metal:
1. the heating medium and the cooling medium directly contact the surface of the metal material, so that impurity contamination caused by the penetration of impurities into the metal surface is easy to generate, and the purity of the material is damaged. Even if some special functional materials allow one thousandth of impurities to permeate, the special functional indexes of the materials can be greatly damaged.
2. The conventional common heat treatment is to use surface heat conduction to carry out heat cooling or heating and warming. Due to the fact that the heat conduction speed is slow, the metal material is uneven in temperature, tolerance of metal size is enlarged and deformed, stress distribution is uneven, hidden danger of internal stress residue is caused, and the phenomenon of micro internal cracks of the material can be caused.
3. Due to the non-uniformity of heating and cooling and the changed hysteresis, the metallurgical structure of the material from the outer surface to the inner part has non-uniform transition property, non-uniform lattice structure and different energy levels of particles at each point. Resulting in a large difference in the physicochemical and electrical parameters between the metal surface layer and the inner layer.
4. At present, a large amount of heat is wasted during cooling hot metal, and a large amount of mist is often generated, which is also serious energy waste and environmental pollution.
5. The labor intensity of workers is high, and the working environment is generally poor.
The above-mentioned heat treatment problem of the metal material is fatal to functional materials and materials in a special high-strength environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device, this kind of metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device is used for realizing in the vacuum non-contact and evenly fast to metal heating cooling heat treatment in vacuum.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is: the metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device comprises a vacuum container, wherein a supporting frame is arranged in the vacuum container, the supporting frame is used for installing and placing metal to be treated, and the vacuum container is provided with a vacuum pump; one end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux change induction current coil, the other end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux change auxiliary induction current coil, the high-frequency heating coil is wound outside the metal to be processed, and the high-frequency heating coil is also used as a magnetic flux change main induction current coil during cooling.
In the scheme, an N-type low-temperature material electrode is connected to one end of a metal to be processed, a P-type material electrode is connected to the other end of the metal to be processed to form a PN junction, the N-type low-temperature material electrode is a large-size N-type low-temperature material electrode, the P-type material electrode is a small-size P-type material electrode, and an auxiliary cooler is arranged at one end of the N-type low-temperature material electrode, which extends out of a vacuum container; an external magnetic field is arranged outside the vacuum container, the external magnetic field is an annular magnetic field, and the annular magnetic field surrounds the PN junction inside to form the metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment and power generation integrated device.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. the utility model provides a non-contact magnetization intensification and cooling metal heat treatment new technology, magnetization cooling new technology, metal heat treatment and waste heat power generation integration new technology.
2. The utility model provides a new process of a vacuum magnetization heat treatment furnace, which is a vacuum magnetization heat treatment furnace with a vacuum container, and ensures the material purity and the stress strain uniformity in the heat treatment process of metal materials. Micro-cracking is reduced, the homogeneous metallographic structure is ensured, and the performance of the metal material is improved.
3. The utility model provides a magnetic induction coil when heating can change into magnetic flux when cooling becomes main induced-current coil.
4. The utility model provides a set up supplementary magnetic flux at the both ends of metal bar and become induction coil, improved the receipt of magnetic induction current.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a vacuum magnetization heat treatment apparatus for metals.
FIG. 2 shows an integrated apparatus for vacuum magnetic heat treatment and power generation of metal.
In the figure: 1, a vacuum container; 2 a metal rod; 3, a vacuum pump; 4 magnetic flux variable induction current coil; 5 magnetic flux change auxiliary induction current coil; 6 high-frequency heating the induction coil; 7N type low temperature material electrode; an 8P type material electrode; 9 external magnetic field; 10 auxiliary coolers.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device comprises a vacuum container 1, wherein a support frame is arranged in the vacuum container 1 and used for installing and placing metal to be treated, the metal to be treated is a metal rod 2 or a metal plate, and the vacuum container 1 is provided with a vacuum pump 3; one end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux transformation induction current coil 4, the other end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux transformation auxiliary induction current coil 5, and the high-frequency heating coil is wound on the metal to be processed. The induction coil 6 is heated by high frequency, and the magnetic flux is changed into a main induction coil when the power is cut off and the temperature is reduced. When heating, current is input, and when cooling, induction current is output.
The method for integrating the metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment and the power generation by the metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a temperature measuring instrument, a high-frequency coil magnetic induction tester, a co-frequency strong magnetic field tester, an induced current voltage tester and a thermoelectric parameter testing system are installed;
step two, starting a vacuum pump 3 to vacuumize to reach a specified vacuum degree;
step three, starting a high-frequency current magnetic induction instrument, wherein the high-frequency instrument is provided with the high-frequency heating coil, and the high-frequency or medium-frequency magnetic induction coil is used for heating the metal to be processed to reach the designed high temperature, so that the metal to be processed is subjected to vacuum magnetization heat treatment to become high-temperature metal;
and step four, connecting the N-type low-temperature material electrode 7 to one end of the high-temperature metal, connecting the P-type material electrode 8 to the other end of the high-temperature metal to form a PN junction, wherein the N-type low-temperature material electrode 7 is a large-size N-type low-temperature material electrode, the P-type material electrode 8 is a small-size P-type material electrode, an auxiliary cooler 10 is arranged at one end, extending out of the vacuum container 1, of the N-type low-temperature material electrode 7, the auxiliary cooler 10 enables the temperature of the N-type low-temperature material electrode 7 to be reduced, the temperature of the high-temperature metal connected with the N-type low-temperature material electrode 7 to be reduced, and the temperature of the high-temperature metal at the end is reduced to form a low-temperature end. The connecting end of the high-temperature metal and the P-type material electrode 8 is a high-temperature end, the low-temperature end N-type material electrode is different from the heat treatment metal material, and the low-temperature end N-type material electrode is linked with the outside through a lead to form a PN junction foreign material structure; an external magnetic field 9 (an external strong magnetic field) is arranged outside the vacuum container 1, the external magnetic field 9 is an annular magnetic field, and the annular magnetic field surrounds a PN junction inside to form a metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment and power generation integrated device; the magnetic field intensity of the circumferential ring (arc) shaped magnetic field is higher than the magnetic induction intensity corresponding to the Curie degaussing temperature of the material.
Step five, cutting off the high-frequency current, and changing a power supply circuit into a main coil of the magnetic flux variable induction current;
and step six, starting an external magnetic field 9 (an external strong magnetic field), and generating five cooling power generation effects on the high-temperature metal to be processed:
generating a seebeck current by PN junction temperature difference;
secondly, an external magnetic field 9 inhibits thermal vibration and enhances the vibration electron energy level transition current, the thermal resistance and the electric efficiency effect of the magnetic field can improve the material ZT figure of merit, the thermoelectric conversion rate is improved, and a fourth thermoelectric effect current is obtained;
the magnetic field magnetization 9 inhibits the disordered thermal vibration of the magnetic moments of the particles to form atomic or electronic magnetic moments, magnetic casting and magnetic walls in a uniform direction, and the disordered thermal vibration of the particles is directionally inhibited, so that the cooling effect is achieved;
hall additional voltage effect:
because current flows in the high-temperature metal, Hall additional voltage is generated on the cross section under the action of the external magnetic field 9;
curie temperature magnetic change effect:
due to the reduction of the temperature of the high-temperature metal and the magnetization effect of the external magnetic field, the magnetization intensity in the high-temperature metal is recovered, and the magnetic flux in and around the high-temperature metal is directionally recovered;
the original high-frequency heating coil is converted into a magnetic flux change induction coil capable of receiving the directional change of the magnetic flux to generate main induction current, and the auxiliary magnetic flux change induction coils arranged at the two ends of the high-temperature metal also generate auxiliary induction current due to the change of the magnetic flux;
step seven, a heat treatment cycle of heating and cooling the metal material is completed, and the thermoelectric conversion current for utilizing the waste heat is also obtained;
step eight, controlling a temperature limit and a temperature change speed according to a heat treatment design scheme, and repeating the cyclic heat treatment and power generation from the step two to the step six until the heat treatment design scheme is completed;
recording each measurement data;
step ten, disconnecting each measuring instrument and each line, opening the vacuum container 1, and taking out the treated metal.
The utility model discloses well magnetization heat treatment's principle:
1. magnetic heating principle of metal
Electromagnetic waves with a certain frequency act in the metal material to generate induced eddy currents inside the metal material, the induced eddy current density on the metal surface is higher due to the surface skin effect, and the metal material is a conductor and a resistor and generates resistance heat to rapidly heat and raise the temperature of the metal material. And realizing a heating and warming link in metal heat treatment. This heating process has been commonly used.
2. Principle of magnetizing and cooling technology
In the ferromagnetic material, the internal atomic magnetic moment and the electronic magnetic moment are not completely disordered, but have a substantially uniform direction, and certain magnetic domains and magnetic walls can be formed. Macroscopically, the ferromagnetic material has an N-S pole magnetic field display to the outside.
When the ferromagnetic material is heated to raise the temperature, the thermal vibration direction of particles (atoms, electrons, etc.) is disordered, so that the original uniform orientation of the atomic magnetic moment and the electronic magnetic moment is destroyed, the disordered directions are changed, the magnetic domain and the magnetic wall disappear, and the external macroscopic expression is that the magnetism of the ferromagnetic material is weakened or disappeared. The corresponding heating temperature at which the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic material completely disappear is called "curie degaussing temperature" as the magnetic degradation increases with increasing heating temperature.
The contradictory parties often assume the existence of each other as a precondition, and the actions are mutual. From the positive effect, the inverse effect can be generally deduced, and the inverse effect of the Curie degaussing temperature, namely the effect of the magnetic degaussing and cooling, is proposed.
When the magnetic strength is B0Is heated to a Curie degaussing temperature T0When this occurs, the magnetic properties of the material disappear. If a stronger magnetic field B is applied externally at this time1>>B0To a temperature of T0The ferromagnetic material is magnetized again in a super strong way to cause the original high temperature T0The atomic magnetic moment and the electronic magnetic moment caused by the thermal vibration of the particles are aligned in the same direction, the disordered vibration of the particles is inhibited, the magnetic domain and the magnetic wall are reconstructed, the demagnetized ferromagnetic material shows magnetism again, and the temperature of the material is greatly reduced due to the inhibition of the disordered thermal vibration of the particles by magnetization. The effect of 'magnetic heat dissipation and temperature reduction' is realized. And a non-contact cooling process in the metal heat treatment is also realized.
The utility model discloses well metal magnetization refrigerated electricity generation principle
1. Due to the magnetization of the external strong magnetic field, the atomic (electronic) magnetic moments in the original thermal vibration disorderly direction are restrained, the effect of Curie degaussing temperature is overcome by rearranging according to a certain magnetization direction, the disorderly vibration of particles is inhibited, and the cooling effect of heat resistance and temperature reduction is achieved.
2. The particles carry electrons that thermally vibrate in a magnetic field. Different from an electric field of a potential field, a magnetic field is a vortex field, after particles thermally vibrate for a cycle period and return to an original point, the loop integral of the magnetic field intensity is not zero, and when the increase of the electron energy level exceeds the binding force of atomic nuclei, the electron energy level generates quantized transition and flows to a low-energy area, so that the conversion from thermal vibration kinetic energy to electron flow energy, namely the thermoelectric direct conversion effect, is realized.
3. According to the first thermoelectric effect of seebeck, even if there is no magnetization of external magnetic field, the particle charge has energy level difference as long as there is temperature difference, and the existing thermal vibration energy can be directly converted into electron flow energy, but the thermoelectric direct conversion efficiency of the method is lower.
4. According to the requirement of improving the ZT optimum value of the thermoelectric material, the working condition of the material needs to meet the contradictory requirement of low heat conduction and high electric conduction. It is seen from the above power generation principle 1 and power generation principle 2 that the magnetization of the external strong magnetic field can simultaneously satisfy the dual effects of heat resistance and temperature reduction for suppressing thermal vibration in random directions and electronic magnetic energy level transition increasing effect. May be temporarily referred to as the "fourth thermoelectric effect". The thermoelectric conversion rate can be greatly improved because the thermoelectric material ZT figure of merit is greatly improved.
5. The "hall additive voltage" effect. When current flows in the thermoelectric material, the cross section direction of the material generates 'Hall additional voltage' due to the electromagnetic action of an external magnetic field.
6. The magnetizing current has an additional effect. The design of circumferential annular (arc) magnetic force lines of the metal material can generate magnetizing current on the surface layer of the metal and correspondingly generate an additional magnetic field of the magnetizing current.
7. Magnetic flux variable magnetic coil power generation method
For ferromagnetic materials, in the process of heat treatment and temperature reduction, the magnetic induction intensity of the materials can be restored and increased due to the effect of Curie degaussing temperature. That is, when the magnetic flux around the material changes, if an induction coil is provided around the material, an induced current is inevitably generated in the coil due to the change in the magnetic flux in the coil. The current is generated by recovering the magnetic induction intensity of the ferromagnetic material after the material is subjected to heat treatment, cooling and temperature reduction to cause the change of magnetic flux, so that induced current is obtained in the coil.
Therefore, in the temperature difference cooling process, especially after the external strong magnetic field is applied to forcibly cool the temperature, the waste heat power generation of heat treatment cooling can be realized.
Example (b):
1. the metal to be treated is put into a vacuum magnetic heat treatment furnace container.
2. Checking the connection integrity of each line, checking the connection integrity of each tester, checking the integrity of the vacuum magnetizing furnace container, checking the integrity of the vacuum pump 3 and the like.
3. And starting the vacuum pump 3 to vacuumize to reach the specified vacuum degree.
4. The high-frequency current magnetic induction instrument is started, and a high (or medium) frequency magnetic induction coil is used for heating a target metal bar (plate and the like) to reach the designed high temperature.
5. The connection structure is a PN junction structure.
Firstly, connecting a large-size N-type low-temperature material electrode 7 to one end of high-temperature metal;
secondly, connecting the small-size P-type (same as the metal material) material electrode 8 to the other end of the high-temperature metal.
6. Entering a cooling and power generation process
7. The high-frequency current is cut off, and the power supply circuit is changed into a main coil of the magnetic flux changing induction current.
8. The external additional frequency coordination strong magnetic field is started to generate various cooling power generation effects
Generating seebeck current by PN junction temperature difference of metal material
Secondly, the strong magnetic field inhibits thermal vibration, enhances the transition current of vibration electron energy level, and improves the optimal value of the material ZT and the thermoelectric conversion rate by the heat resistance and the electric effect of the external strong magnetic field to obtain the current of the fourth thermoelectric effect.
And the external strong magnetic field magnetization inhibits the disordered thermal vibration of the magnetic moments of the particles, forms more uniform atomic (electronic) magnetic moments, magnetic castings, magnetic walls and the like, and is directionally inhibited due to the disordered thermal vibration of the particles, thereby playing a role in cooling. This is the core technology of non-contact metal cooling.
'Hall additional voltage effect'.
Due to the current flowing in the metal bar (plate), under the action of the external magnetic field 9, a 'Hall additional voltage' is generated on the cross section.
Magnetic change effect of "Curie temperature
Due to the temperature drop of the golden house and the magnetization of the external magnetic field 9, the magnetization intensity in the metal material is recovered. The magnetic flux in and around the metal bar (plate) is directionally restored.
At the moment, the original high-frequency heating coil is converted into a magnetic flux change induction coil capable of receiving the directional change of the magnetic flux, and main induction current is generated.
Because of the change of the magnetic flux, the auxiliary magnetic flux change induction coils arranged at the two ends of the metal bar (plate) also generate auxiliary induction current.
Seventhly, collecting the above various magnetoelectric direct-rotating currents
1 > PN junction temperature difference seebeck current
2, the resistance to heat and the increase of the power of the magnetic field, and the thermomagnetic and electric current of the fourth thermoelectric effect for improving the ZT optimal value working condition.
3 > Hall adds voltage function.
4 > additional effect of magnetizing current.
5 induced current of main induction coil and induced current of auxiliary induction coil
9. The method not only completes a heat treatment cycle of heating and cooling the metal material, but also obtains the thermoelectric conversion current of waste heat utilization.
10. According to the design scheme of heat treatment, controlling the temperature limit and the temperature change speed, and repeating the cyclic heat treatment and power generation from the step 4 to the step 8 until the design scheme of heat treatment is completed
11. Recording the measured data
12. Disconnecting the measuring instruments from the line
13. And opening the vacuum magnetization heat treatment furnace and taking out the metal piece.
14. And (5) checking ending work.
Claims (2)
1. A metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device is characterized in that: the metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device comprises a vacuum container (1), wherein a supporting frame is arranged in the vacuum container (1), the supporting frame is used for installing and placing metal to be treated, and a vacuum pump (3) is arranged in the vacuum container (1); one end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux transformation induction current coil (4), the other end of the metal to be processed is correspondingly provided with a magnetic flux transformation auxiliary induction current coil (5), the high-frequency heating coil is wound outside the metal to be processed, and the high-frequency heating coil is also used as a magnetic flux transformation main induction current coil during cooling.
2. The metallic vacuum magnetization heat treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: connecting an N-type low-temperature material electrode to one end of a metal to be processed, and connecting a P-type material electrode to the other end of the metal to be processed to form a PN junction, wherein the N-type low-temperature material electrode is a large-size N-type low-temperature material electrode, the P-type material electrode is a small-size P-type material electrode, and an auxiliary cooler is arranged at one end of the N-type low-temperature material electrode, which extends out of the vacuum container; an external magnetic field is arranged outside the vacuum container, the external magnetic field is an annular magnetic field, and the annular magnetic field surrounds the PN junction inside to form the metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment and power generation integrated device.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202022469019.4U CN214088567U (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device |
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| CN202022469019.4U CN214088567U (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Metal vacuum magnetization heat treatment device |
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