CN214056787U - Composite structure foam material and crawling pad - Google Patents
Composite structure foam material and crawling pad Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN214056787U CN214056787U CN202021945401.1U CN202021945401U CN214056787U CN 214056787 U CN214056787 U CN 214056787U CN 202021945401 U CN202021945401 U CN 202021945401U CN 214056787 U CN214056787 U CN 214056787U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- material layer
- foaming material
- foam
- foam material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The patent discloses a composite structure foaming material, which sequentially comprises a first foaming material layer and a second foaming material layer from top to bottom; the first foaming material layer and the second foaming material layer are self-bonded by heating or bonded by a bonding layer; the adhesive layer is a hot-melt adhesive layer or a non-hot-melt adhesive layer. The crawling pad of the composite structure foaming material layer is excellent in performance and high in cost performance.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a composite construction expanded material and crawling pad belongs to material technical field.
Background
At present, the crawling pad mainly comprises an integral type, a folding type, a splicing type and the like. The splicing crawling pad can be freely spliced, is suitable for wide scenes, is easy to store and is popular with consumers. However, the spliced crawling pad is provided with the spliced teeth, so that small parts are easily broken, and the risk of product quality problems is high. The existing foaming material for preparing the crawling pad is only a single foaming type material, and various performances cannot be complemented.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a composite construction expanded material and crawling pad. Through the compounding of different materials or different foaming type materials, the overall performance of the foaming material is improved, and the cost is effectively reduced.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:
a composite structure foaming material comprises a first foaming material layer and a second foaming material layer from top to bottom in sequence; the first foaming material layer and the second foaming material layer are self-bonded by heating or bonded by a bonding layer; the adhesive layer is a hot-melt adhesive layer or a non-hot-melt adhesive layer. In a simple case, the composite structure foam material is composed of a first foam material layer and a second foam material layer from top to bottom in sequence.
Preferably, the first foaming material layer is a chemical foaming material layer, and the second foaming material layer is a physical foaming material layer. In the prior art, foaming materials with different properties can be obtained through different foaming modes, for example, for a physical foaming mode, the material can be foamed by introducing gas, for example, butane gas is introduced for physical foaming to obtain a physical foaming material, and when a Polyethylene (PE) material is foamed, a PE physical foaming material (EPE material) is obtained. Thus, physical foaming materials, PE physical foaming materials, and the like are known in the art. For the chemical foaming method, the material can be foamed by generating gas through chemical reaction to obtain a chemical foaming material, and when the polyethylene material is foamed, a PE chemical foaming material (XPE material) is obtained. Thus, chemical foaming materials, PE chemical foaming materials, and the like are known in the art. Of course, the arrangement of the first foam layer being a physical foam layer and the second foam layer being a chemical foam layer is also possible.
Preferably, the first foaming material layer is a PE chemical foaming material layer, a PP chemical foaming material layer, an EVA chemical foaming material layer, a PU chemical foaming material layer or a PVC chemical foaming material layer; the second foaming material layer is a PE physical foaming material layer, a PP physical foaming material layer, an EVA physical foaming material layer, a PU physical foaming material layer or a PVC physical foaming material layer. Preferably, the first foam material layer is a PE chemical foam material layer, the second foam material layer is a PE physical foam material layer, or the first foam material layer is a PP chemical foam material layer, and the second foam material layer is a PP physical foam material layer.
Preferably, the composite structure foaming material comprises a third foaming material layer, and the third foaming material layer is arranged below the second foaming material layer. In a simple case, the composite structure foaming material is composed of a first foaming material layer, a second foaming material layer and a third foaming material layer from top to bottom in sequence.
Preferably, the composite structure foaming material comprises a fourth foaming material layer, and the fourth foaming material layer is arranged below the third foaming material layer. Under the simple condition, the composite structure foaming material is composed of a first foaming material layer, a second foaming material layer, a third foaming material layer and a fourth foaming material layer from top to bottom in sequence.
Preferably, the third foaming material layer is a PE chemical foaming material layer, a PP chemical foaming material layer, an EVA chemical foaming material layer, a PU chemical foaming material layer or a PVC chemical foaming material layer. Preferably, the first foaming material layer is a PE chemical foaming material layer, the second foaming material layer is a PE physical foaming material layer, and the third foaming material layer is a PE chemical foaming material layer
Preferably, the hot melt adhesive layer comprises one or more of a PE adhesive layer, a PP adhesive layer, and an EVA adhesive layer. The hot-melt adhesive layer is a single-layer polyethylene film layer or a single-layer polypropylene film layer or a single-layer EVA film layer.
Preferably, the non-hot melt adhesive layer comprises one or more of a polyurethane adhesive layer, an acrylate adhesive layer and a methacrylate adhesive layer. These glue layers are generally prepared from solvent-based glue, two-component glue, and solvent-free glue.
Preferably, the hot melt adhesive layer has a multi-layer structure. Preferably, the hot melt adhesive layer comprises an upper adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer and a lower adhesive layer. The reinforcing layer plays a role in improving the physical and mechanical properties of the composite structure foam material and the like; the upper bonding layer and the lower bonding layer play roles in bonding and the like.
Preferably, the upper bonding layer is a PE upper bonding layer, a PP upper bonding layer or an EVA upper bonding layer; and/or the lower adhesive layer is a PE lower adhesive layer, a PP lower adhesive layer or an EVA lower adhesive layer; and/or the reinforced layer is a PE layer, a PP layer, an EVA layer, a PET layer, a PA layer, a PC layer or a PVC layer.
Preferably, the upper adhesive layer is a PE upper adhesive layer, a PP upper adhesive layer or an EVA upper adhesive layer. Further preferably, the upper adhesive layer is a PE upper adhesive layer. Preferably, the thickness of the upper adhesive layer is not less than 10 μm. Further preferably, the thickness of the upper adhesive layer is not less than 20 micrometers and not more than 200 micrometers. Further preferably, the thickness of the upper adhesive layer is not less than 45 micrometers and not more than 100 micrometers.
Preferably, the lower adhesive layer is a PE lower adhesive layer, a PP lower adhesive layer or an EVA lower adhesive layer. Further preferably, the lower adhesive layer is a PE lower adhesive layer. Preferably, the thickness of the lower adhesive layer is not less than 10 μm. Further preferably, the thickness of the lower adhesive layer is not less than 20 microns and not more than 200 microns. Further preferably, the thickness of the lower adhesive layer is not less than 45 micrometers and not more than 100 micrometers.
Preferably, the reinforcing layer is a PE layer, a PP layer, an EVA layer, a PET layer, a PA layer, a PC layer or a PVC layer. Further preferably, the reinforcing layer is a PE layer, a PET layer or a PA layer. Preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing layer is not less than 25 μm. Further preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing layer is not less than 40 microns and not more than 200 microns. Further preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing layer is not less than 45 micrometers and not more than 100 micrometers.
Preferably, the bonding layer is a PE upper bonding layer, the lower bonding layer is a PE lower bonding layer, and the reinforcing layer is a PE layer, a PP layer, an EVA layer, a PET layer, a PA layer, a PC layer or a PVC layer; or the bonding layer is an EVA upper bonding layer, the lower bonding layer is an EVA lower bonding layer, and the reinforcing layer is a PE layer, a PP layer, an EVA layer, a PET layer, a PA layer, a PC layer or a PVC layer.
Preferably, the first foaming material layer and the second foaming material layer are bonded through an adhesive layer.
Preferably, the first foam material layer is a PE foam material layer, the second foam material layer is a PE foam material layer, and the adhesive layer is a PE adhesive layer.
Preferably, the first foam material layer is a PE foam material layer, the second foam material layer is a PE foam material layer, and the hot-melt adhesive layer includes an upper adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer, and a lower adhesive layer, wherein the upper adhesive layer is a PE upper adhesive layer, the reinforcing layer is a PET layer or a PA layer, and the lower adhesive layer is a PE lower adhesive layer. Further preferably, the first foam material layer is a PE chemical foam material layer, and the second foam material layer is a PE physical foam material layer.
Preferably, no bubble layer is included between the first and second foam material layers. The bubble layer means a layer formed by sealing air with a sealing material such as a plastic film to have a bubble-like structure.
A crawling mat comprising the composite structure foam material. Preferably, the crawling pad sequentially comprises an upper surface layer 10, a composite structure foam material layer 30 and a lower surface layer 50. Further preferably, an upper pattern layer 20 is arranged between the composite structure foam material layer and the upper surface layer of the crawling pad, and/or a lower pattern layer 40 is arranged between the composite structure foam material layer and the lower surface layer. Still further preferably, an upper pattern layer is arranged between the composite structure foaming material layer and the upper surface layer, and a lower pattern layer is arranged between the composite structure foaming material layer and the lower surface layer. The upper pattern layer and the lower pattern layer can be the same or different. Preferably, the upper pattern layer is different from the lower pattern layer. Of course, the crawling mat can also comprise other layer structures such as a bubble layer and the like.
It should be noted that, in this patent, words such as "upper", "lower", "first", "second", etc. are not used as limitations, but are used for clarity and convenience, for example, "top-down" may also be "bottom-up".
The beneficial effect of this patent lies in:
1. through the compounding of the foaming material layer, the composite structure foaming material can integrate the performance advantages of different layers, so that the composite structure foaming material has more excellent performance.
2. When the composite structure foaming material has three or more layers, the foaming material with high price and high performance can be used at the outermost layer, the foaming material with low price and high performance can be used at the middle part, the overall effect after the composite structure foaming material is similar to that of the foaming material with high service performance and high price, and the cost can be effectively reduced.
3. Under the preferred circumstances, the setting of enhancement layer can make composite construction expanded material have good physical mechanical properties, effectively solves current crawling pad, especially the relatively poor problem of concatenation formula crawling pad physical properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composite structural foam of example 1 and the construction of a crawling mat made therefrom.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composite structural foam of example 2 and the construction of a crawling mat made therefrom.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composite structural foam of example 3 and the construction of a crawling pad made therefrom.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the composite structural foam of example 4 and the construction of a crawling pad made therefrom.
The corresponding relation between each part and the number in the patent drawings is as follows:
the composite structure comprises an upper surface layer 10, an upper pattern layer 20, a composite structure foaming material layer 30, a lower pattern layer 40, a lower surface layer 50, a first foaming material layer 301, a second foaming material layer 302, a third foaming material layer 303, an adhesive layer 304, an upper adhesive layer 3041, a reinforcing layer 3042 and a lower adhesive layer 3043.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The composite structure foam material and the crawling pad formed by the composite structure foam material according to the embodiment are shown in the attached drawing 1, wherein the composite structure foam material sequentially comprises a first foam material layer 301 and a second foam material layer 302 from top to bottom; the first foaming material layer and the second foaming material layer are self-bonded through heating. Preferably, the first foam material layer is an XPE (polyethylene chemical foam material layer), and the second foam material layer is an EPE (polyethylene physical foam material layer). Wherein the thickness of the first foaming material layer is 0.5 cm; the thickness of the second foam layer was 1 cm. The crawling pad is composed of an upper surface layer 10, an upper pattern layer 20, a composite structure foaming material layer 30 and a lower surface layer 50 from top to bottom in sequence. The upper surface layer of crawling pad is the PE membrane, and the lower surface layer is aluminized PET membrane.
The first foam material layer of the composite structure foam material of the embodiment is tested upwards, the rebound resilience and the hardness of the foam material are close to the performance of the XPE foam material with the thickness of 1.5cm, the cost can be reduced by a half, and the weight is light.
Example 2
The composite structure foam material and the crawling pad formed by the composite structure foam material according to the embodiment are shown in fig. 2, wherein the composite structure foam material is sequentially composed of a first foam material layer 301, a second foam material layer 302 and a third foam material layer 303 from top to bottom. The first foaming material layer, the second foaming material layer and the third foaming material layer are self-bonded through heating. Preferably, the first foam material layer is an XPE (polyethylene chemical foam material layer), the second foam material layer is an EPE (polyethylene physical foam material layer), and the third foam material layer is an XPE (polyethylene chemical foam material layer). Wherein the thickness of the first foaming material layer is 0.4cm, the thickness of the second foaming material layer is 0.7cm, and the thickness of the third foaming material layer is 0.4 cm. The crawling pad sequentially comprises an upper surface layer 10, an upper pattern layer 20, a composite structure foaming material layer 30, a lower pattern layer 40 and a lower surface layer 50 from top to bottom. The upper surface layer of crawling pad is the PE membrane, and the lower surface layer is the PE membrane.
The first foam material layer of the composite structure foam material of the embodiment is upward tested, and the rebound resilience and the hardness are both close to the performance of the XPE foam material with the thickness of 1.5 cm; and the third foaming material layer is upward tested, and the rebound resilience and the hardness of the third foaming material layer are close to the performance of the XPE foaming material with the thickness of 1.5 cm. Namely, no matter which side faces, the rebound resilience and the softness are close to the performance of the XPE foaming material with the thickness of 1.5cm, and the cost can be reduced by nearly half.
Example 3
The composite structure foam material and the crawling pad formed by the composite structure foam material according to the embodiment are shown in fig. 3, wherein the composite structure foam material is sequentially composed of a first foam material layer 301, a second foam material layer 302 and an adhesive layer 304 from top to bottom. The first foaming material layer and the second foaming material layer are bonded through the bonding layer. Preferably, the bonding layer is a polyurethane adhesive layer. Preferably, the first foam material layer is XPE (polyethylene chemical foam material layer), and the second foam material layer is EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer chemical foam material layer). The thickness of the first foaming material layer is 0.5cm, and the thickness of the second foaming material layer is 0.7 cm. The crawling pad sequentially comprises an upper surface layer 10, an upper pattern layer 20, a composite structure foaming material layer 30, a lower pattern layer 40 and a lower surface layer 50 from top to bottom. The upper surface layer of crawling pad is the PP membrane, and the lower surface layer is the PP membrane.
Example 4
The composite structure foam material and the crawling pad formed by the same according to the embodiment are shown in fig. 4, wherein the composite structure foam material is sequentially formed by a first foam material layer 301, a second foam material layer 302 and an adhesive layer 304 from top to bottom, and the adhesive layer is a hot melt adhesive layer and comprises an upper adhesive layer 3041, a reinforcing layer 3042 and a lower adhesive layer 3043. Preferably, the upper adhesive layer and the lower adhesive layer are PE adhesive layers, and the reinforcing layer is a PET layer. Wherein the first foaming material layer is EPE (polyethylene physical foaming material layer), and the second foaming material layer is XPE (polyethylene chemical foaming material layer). The thickness of the first foaming material layer is 0.5cm, and the thickness of the second foaming material layer is 0.7 cm. The thickness of the reinforcing layer is 50 microns, and the thickness of the upper bonding layer and the thickness of the lower bonding layer are both 50 microns. The upper bonding layer and the lower bonding layer are bonded with the foaming material layer through heating. The crawling pad sequentially comprises an upper surface layer 10, an upper pattern layer 20, a foaming material composite layer 30, a lower pattern layer 40 and a lower surface layer 50 from top to bottom. The upper surface layer of crawling pad is the PE membrane, and the lower surface layer is the PET membrane.
Example 5
The composite structure foam material related to the embodiment comprises a first foam material layer, a second foam material layer and an adhesive layer from top to bottom in sequence. The first foaming material layer be XPE (polyethylene chemical foaming material layer), the second foaming material layer is EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer chemical foaming material layer), the bond line is the polyurethane glue film. The thickness of the first foaming material layer is 0.5cm, and the thickness of the second foaming material layer is 0.7 cm. The crawling pad is composed of an upper surface layer, a foaming material composite layer and a lower surface layer in sequence. The upper surface layer and the lower surface layer are compounded with the foaming material composite layer by a sewing method.
Example 6
The composite structure foam material according to the embodiment is obtained by directly heating and bonding a first foam material layer and a second foam material layer. The first foaming material layer is a physical foaming material layer, and the second foaming material layer is a chemical foaming material layer. The first foaming material layer is an EPE (polyethylene physical foaming material layer) with the thickness of 0.5cm, and the second foaming material layer is an XPE (polyethylene chemical foaming material layer) with the thickness of 0.5 cm. The crawling pad is composed of an upper surface layer, an upper pattern layer, a foaming material composite layer, a lower pattern layer and a lower surface layer in sequence. The upper surface layer of the crawling pad is a PE film, and the lower surface layer of the crawling pad is a PE film.
Example 7
The composite structure foam material related to the embodiment is composed of a first foam material layer, an adhesive layer and a second foam material layer from top to bottom in sequence. The first foaming material layer is a physical foaming material layer, and the second foaming material layer is a chemical foaming material layer. The first foaming material layer is an EPE (polyethylene physical foaming material layer) with the thickness of 0.5cm, and the second foaming material layer is an XPE (polyethylene chemical foaming material layer) with the thickness of 0.5 cm. The adhesive layer is a hot-melt adhesive layer and comprises an upper adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer and a lower adhesive layer, the upper adhesive layer and the lower adhesive layer are PE film layers, and the reinforcing layer is a PET film layer. The crawling pad is composed of an upper surface layer, an upper pattern layer, a foaming material composite layer, a lower pattern layer and a lower surface layer in sequence. The upper surface layer of the crawling pad is a PE film, and the lower surface layer of the crawling pad is a PE film.
In this example, the raw materials used were the same as in example 6 except for the adhesive layer. The crawling pad of example 6 was subjected to a general pull test of reasonable abuse testing, the sample broken within 10s of 70N pull, whereas the crawling pad of example 7 was subjected to a general pull test of reasonable abuse testing, the sample did not break completely at 10s of 70N pull.
Example 8
The composite structure foam material related to the embodiment is composed of a first foam material layer, an adhesive layer, a second foam material layer, an adhesive layer and a third foam material layer from top to bottom in sequence. The adhesive layer is a hot-melt adhesive layer and comprises an upper adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer and a lower adhesive layer. The first foaming material layer is a physical foaming material layer, the second foaming material layer is a chemical foaming material layer, and the third foaming material layer is a physical foaming material layer; or the first foaming material layer is a chemical foaming material layer, the second foaming material layer is a physical foaming material layer, and the third foaming material layer is a chemical foaming material layer.
Claims (10)
1. A composite structure foaming material is characterized by comprising a first foaming material layer and a second foaming material layer from top to bottom in sequence; the first foaming material layer and the second foaming material layer are self-bonded by heating or bonded by a bonding layer; the adhesive layer is a hot-melt adhesive layer or a non-hot-melt adhesive layer; the first foaming material layer is a chemical foaming material layer, and the second foaming material layer is a physical foaming material layer.
2. The composite structural foam material of claim 1, wherein the first foam material layer is a PE chemical foam material layer, a PP chemical foam material layer, an EVA chemical foam material layer, a PU chemical foam material layer or a PVC chemical foam material layer; the second foaming material layer is a PE physical foaming material layer, a PP physical foaming material layer, an EVA physical foaming material layer, a PU physical foaming material layer or a PVC physical foaming material layer.
3. The composite structural foam of claim 1, comprising a third foam layer disposed below the second foam layer.
4. The composite structural foam material of claim 3, wherein the third foam material layer is a PE chemical foam material layer, a PP chemical foam material layer, an EVA chemical foam material layer, a PU chemical foam material layer or a PVC chemical foam material layer.
5. The composite structural foam material of claim 1, wherein the hot melt adhesive layer comprises an upper adhesive layer, a reinforcing layer, and a lower adhesive layer.
6. The composite structural foam material of claim 1, wherein the first foam layer and the second foam layer are bonded by an adhesive layer; the first foaming material layer is a PE foaming material layer, the second foaming material layer is a PE foaming material layer, and the bonding layer is a PE bonding layer.
7. The composite structural foam material of claim 5, wherein the upper adhesive layer is a PE upper adhesive layer, a PP upper adhesive layer or an EVA upper adhesive layer; and/or the lower adhesive layer is a PE lower adhesive layer, a PP lower adhesive layer or an EVA lower adhesive layer; and/or the reinforced layer is a PE layer, a PP layer, an EVA layer, a PET layer, a PA layer, a PC layer or a PVC layer.
8. The composite structural foam of claim 5, wherein the upper adhesive layer has a thickness of not less than 45 microns and not more than 100 microns; the thickness of the lower bonding layer is not less than 45 micrometers and not more than 100 micrometers; the thickness of the reinforcing layer is not less than 45 micrometers and not more than 100 micrometers.
9. The composite structural foam of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first foam layer and the second foam layer do not contain a foam layer therebetween.
10. A crawling mat, characterized by comprising a composite structure foam layer according to any of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021945401.1U CN214056787U (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2020-09-08 | Composite structure foam material and crawling pad |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021945401.1U CN214056787U (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2020-09-08 | Composite structure foam material and crawling pad |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN214056787U true CN214056787U (en) | 2021-08-27 |
Family
ID=77385763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021945401.1U Active CN214056787U (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2020-09-08 | Composite structure foam material and crawling pad |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN214056787U (en) |
-
2020
- 2020-09-08 CN CN202021945401.1U patent/CN214056787U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104105767B (en) | Thermoplastic single ply protective covering | |
| RU2014109688A (en) | SEALING GASKET WITH TONAL SUBLAYER | |
| CN201970502U (en) | Carbon fiber polyurethane composite board structure for automobile roof | |
| CN103101256A (en) | Polyurethane composite board with high light weight, high strength and high sound absorption, and full adhesive film forming technology of polyurethane composite board | |
| KR20130080541A (en) | Improved sound absorption dash inner insulator for vehicle | |
| CN214056787U (en) | Composite structure foam material and crawling pad | |
| CN112109403A (en) | Composite structure crawling pad | |
| CN209813319U (en) | EPE plate | |
| CN106926537B (en) | Thermoplastic sandwich structure composite material plate and preparation method thereof | |
| US20070059515A1 (en) | Construction of gliding board | |
| EP1654140B1 (en) | Vehicle panel with reinforcement layer | |
| CN212979473U (en) | Root-resistant TPO waterproof coiled material | |
| CN202700026U (en) | Sliding plate structure for polystyrene foaming core plate | |
| CN204109475U (en) | A kind of automobile board adopting gum glass-fiber-fabric | |
| CN102442038A (en) | Laminated material and its manufacture method | |
| CN102350832A (en) | Polyurethane composite plate for automobile ceiling | |
| JP4068724B2 (en) | Adhesive tape with excellent hand cutting | |
| CN210620697U (en) | Polyurethane removable adhesive | |
| CN202965356U (en) | Enhancement type lamination paperboard composite material | |
| CN207449315U (en) | A kind of composite water-proof coiled material | |
| CN113621321A (en) | Membrane, waterproof coiled material and lapping method | |
| CN207210313U (en) | A kind of high-performance refractory protects membrane adhesive tape | |
| CN208865190U (en) | Block toy | |
| TW200718557A (en) | Multi-layer material | |
| CN216405940U (en) | Compound tackified wet-laid waterproof roll |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |