CN214041266U - Automobile-used measurement identification signal adjustment mechanism for monitoring bridge is healthy - Google Patents
Automobile-used measurement identification signal adjustment mechanism for monitoring bridge is healthy Download PDFInfo
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- CN214041266U CN214041266U CN202022626626.7U CN202022626626U CN214041266U CN 214041266 U CN214041266 U CN 214041266U CN 202022626626 U CN202022626626 U CN 202022626626U CN 214041266 U CN214041266 U CN 214041266U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a be applied to healthy automobile-used discernment signal adjustment mechanism that measures of monitoring bridge, the characteristic is that, this discernment signal adjustment mechanism installs in measuring the car, and its structure includes vertical rigid arm, flexible cantilever, rigid mass piece and acceleration sensor, wherein: the vertical rigid arm is used as a bracket and used for transmitting signals, is supported on the upper component, and the bottom end of the vertical rigid arm is fixed right above the axle of the measuring wheel, so that only vertical vibration signals of the measuring vehicle are sensed and transmitted; the flexible cantilever is an elastic rod piece, one end of the flexible cantilever is a fixed point and is used for connecting the upper part of the vertical rigid arm, and the other end of the flexible cantilever is a free end and is used for connecting the rigid mass block; the acceleration sensor is fixed on the rigid mass block and used for monitoring a vertical vibration acceleration signal of the rigid mass block. The mechanism is designed into a spring-mass system with single degree of freedom, and is applied to a measurement signal identification system as a vibration signal amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of bridge safety detection and monitoring, and relates to an automobile-used measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism.
Background
By the end of 2019, highway bridges in China are built up to 87.83 thousands of seats, and medium and small span bridges account for more than 90%. Along with the increase of service time, the bridge structure is damaged in different degrees under the influence of adverse environmental factors, increasing vehicle loads and overload, and great hidden danger is brought to normal traffic operation and personal safety. The data show that: at present, 40% of bridges in service in China are in service for more than 20 years, the number of the bridges with diseases with the technical grades of three and four reaches 30%, 15% of bridges (about 10 ten thousand) are critical bridges, the average service time is only 23.8 years, which is far lower than 52.5 years of developed countries, and the economic development requirements of China are difficult to meet. For medium and small span bridges, due to the large quantity and wide range and relatively small maintenance investment, how to realize rapid, economic and accurate state evaluation and safety diagnosis is a key problem to be solved urgently in basic facility management in China.
The traditional bridge detection technology requires that a sensor is fixed on a bridge, and the health state of the bridge is diagnosed by extracting fingerprint parameters such as bridge frequency, vibration mode and the like through signal acquisition and data analysis, wherein the method is called as a direct measurement method. The method has the problems of large monitoring data, traffic influence caused by road sealing operation, high cost, low efficiency and the like, the detection period is 6-10 years, and diseases cannot be checked and maintained and reinforced in time.
Closest to the prior art:
in recent years, an indirect bridge measurement method based on bridge passing vehicle response is widely advocated and applied to bridge detection and monitoring, and is initiated by inventor Yang Yong and academician. Subsequently, a measuring vehicle system is successfully developed, a sensor is installed on the measuring vehicle, a vehicle body vibration signal when the measuring vehicle passes a bridge is recorded, fingerprint parameters such as bridge frequency and vibration mode are identified through data analysis, and then the health state of the bridge is judged. The method does not need road sealing and standing-by operation, can realize continuous and rapid test of the group bridge, has the characteristics of rapidness, economy, easy operation, strong maneuverability and the like, is favored by students all over the world, and is expected to realize rapid test and safe diagnosis of the health state of the medium-span and small-span bridge.
However, since the indirect measurement method requires the sensor to be fixed on the vehicle, the test signal must include the identification of the vehicle body frequency, the frequency of the interfering bridge, and other information. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the rough road surface, the response of the running vehicle inevitably comprises a plurality of interferences, and the identification of the mode parameters such as the bridge frequency and the like is also influenced. How to effectively reduce the interference influence of the irregularity of the vehicle body and the road surface and the improvement of the ratio of the frequency response components of the bridge in the vibration signal of the measuring vehicle is the key for guaranteeing the effectiveness and the sensitivity of the indirect bridge measuring method.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above-mentioned closest prior art, this application discloses an automobile-used measurement identification signal adjustment mechanism for monitoring bridge is healthy, installs in measuring the car for improve current measuring car system.
The technical scheme of the application has the protection range that:
the utility model provides a be applied to healthy automobile-used discernment signal adjustment mechanism that measures of monitoring bridge, the characteristic is that, this discernment signal adjustment mechanism installs in measuring the car, and its structure includes vertical rigid arm, flexible cantilever, rigid mass piece and acceleration sensor, wherein:
the vertical rigid arm is used as a bracket and used for transmitting signals, is supported on the upper component, and the bottom end of the vertical rigid arm is fixed right above the axle of the measuring wheel, so that only vertical vibration signals of the measuring vehicle are sensed and transmitted;
the flexible cantilever is an elastic rod piece, one end of the flexible cantilever is a fixed point and is used for connecting the upper part of the vertical rigid arm, and the other end of the flexible cantilever is a free end and is used for connecting the rigid mass block;
the acceleration sensor is fixed on the rigid mass block and used for monitoring a vertical vibration acceleration signal of the rigid mass block.
The mechanism is designed into a spring-mass system with single degree of freedom, and is applied to a measurement signal identification system as a vibration signal amplifier. The distance between two connecting end points of the flexible cantilever determines the amplification degree of the vertical vibration signal, so that the adjustment parameters of the amplifier can be adjusted by changing the distance. If the distance is adjusted so that the natural frequency of the spring-mass system of the present application is close to the natural frequency of the measuring vehicle, it cancels the "noise" signal caused by the vibration of the measuring vehicle itself in the measuring signal identification system. If the distance is adjusted to enable the natural frequency of the spring-mass system to be close to the vibration frequency of the bridge, the identification of the bridge frequency is strengthened due to the fact that the resonance is maximized, the amplitude part of the bridge signal is amplified and sensed.
When the automobile measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism is applied, the automobile measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism is added to the existing measuring automobile, the automobile measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism is regarded as a simple signal amplifier, an adjusting system is constructed, the interference of the automobile body vibration signal frequency can be effectively reduced, the bridge frequency amplitude is amplified, the identifying effect of fingerprint parameters such as the bridge frequency is further improved, and the effect of an indirect bridge measuring method is finally enhanced.
When the vehicle measurement identification signal adjusting mechanism works, the self-oscillation frequency of the amplifier is tuned by adjusting the amplifier parameters of the vehicle measurement identification signal adjusting mechanism. The application of the vehicle measurement recognition signal adjusting mechanism is regarded asThe vibration signal regulator is respectively connected with the measuring vehicle, Bridge forms double-coupling system：
When the frequency of the amplifier is tuned to be close to or equal to the frequency of the measuring vehicle during adjustment and application, the inertial force of the amplifier caused by bridge crossing vibration of the measuring vehicle is opposite to the vibration direction of the measuring vehicle, so that the frequency component response of the vehicle body part in a vibration signal of the measuring vehicle can be counteracted, the amplitude difference of the bridge frequency in the signal of the measuring vehicle relative to the vehicle body frequency is increased, and the amplitude part of the bridge signal is visualized so as to be beneficial to the identification of the bridge frequency; when the frequency of the amplifier is tuned to be close to or equal to the frequency of the bridge, the bridge vibration is transmitted to the measuring vehicle and then transmitted to the vehicle measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism, namely, the bridge frequency component response in the amplifier is amplified due to the resonance principle, the amplitude part of the bridge signal is shown, and the identification of the bridge frequency can be strengthened.
It should be noted that, the technical scheme of the application essentially discloses a vibration signal amplifier of a measuring vehicle, the design and construction of which can be diversified, and all adopting the principle or core idea of the application are regarded as the protection object of the application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a design concept and a scene diagram of a vibration signal amplifier of a measuring vehicle according to the present application
Fig. 2 the utility model discloses additional signal amplifier's three-dimensional sketch of measuring vehicle system
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a signal amplifier device
Fig. 4 is based on a simplified mechanical model of the present application: measuring vehicle-vibration amplifier-bridge system
FIG. 5 frequency response function of vibration signal amplifier with respect to measuring vehicle based on proof example 1 of the present application
Fig. 6 is based on the present application example 2: when ω isa＝ωvTime-of-flight measurement vehicle acceleration signal spectrogram
Fig. 7 is based on the present application verification example 2: when ω isa＝1.2ωb2Time-of-flight amplifier acceleration signal spectrogram
Fig. 8 is based on the present application example 2: when ω isa＝1.2ωb3Time-of-flight amplifier acceleration signal spectrogram
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided in the present application will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent in conjunction with the following description.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application have a better implementation and are not intended to limit the present application in any way. The technical features or combinations of technical features described in the embodiments of the present application should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve a better technical effect. The scope of the preferred embodiments of this application may also include additional implementations, and this should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
The drawings in the present application are in simplified form and are not to scale, but rather are provided for convenience and clarity in describing the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Any modification of the structure, change of the ratio or adjustment of the size of the structure should fall within the scope of the technical disclosure of the present application without affecting the effect and the purpose of the present application. And the same reference numbers appearing in the various drawings of the present application designate the same features or components, which may be employed in different embodiments.
Example 1
A modified measuring vehicle is characterized in that the whole testing system comprises a tractor and a measuring vehicle and is also provided with a measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism disclosed by the application, and the measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism is regarded as a signal amplifier and is shown in figures 1 and 2;
the tractor provides system power and pulls the measuring vehicle to drive through the bridge to be measured;
the measuring vehicle is provided with a first acceleration sensor and is directly fixed on a carriage, and a vibration signal generated by the measuring vehicle is recorded by the acceleration sensor; the vibration signal generated by the measuring vehicle is simultaneously transmitted to a signal adjusting mechanism, namely a signal amplifier, and then is recorded by a second acceleration sensor fixed on the amplifier.
The vehicle measurement identification signal adjusting mechanism is applied and designed to enter a measurement vehicle system. Thus, the modified measuring vehicle system mainly comprises two parts: the measuring vehicle comprises a measuring vehicle body and a vehicle measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism, wherein the vehicle measuring and identifying signal adjusting mechanism is a vibration signal adjuster; by way of example, and not limitation, the measuring vehicle itself may be designed as a single-axle two-wheel, a double-axle four-wheel, or the like, the vehicle compartment being a rigid block for fixing the first acceleration sensor, and the vehicle compartment having the "vibration signal amplifier" device disposed therein.
The present application further discloses embodiment regulation schemes. In fig. 3:
1-a vertical rigid arm; 2-a flexible cantilever; 3-a rigid mass block; 4-an acceleration sensor; 5-a rack; 6-rotating the control knob; 7-a gear; 8-gear central axis; 9-circular dial; 10-bolt.
The rack 5 that sets up on the flexible cantilever 2 is used for the interlock with the gear 7 that vertical rigid arm upper portion set up, the gear center pin 8 of gear 7 is coaxial with outside rotation control button 6, and the outside is provided with circular calibrated scale 9 and is used for the record and the direction of rotation and the angle of recognition gear center pin 8, the meticulous operation of person of facilitating the use.
The flexible cantilever of the embodiment can be designed into an elongated beam or a thin plate and is made of light flexible materials, and the section property is kept unchanged along the longitudinal direction, namely the flexural rigidity E of the cantileveraIaIs constant along the length direction; the inner side end of the flexible cantilever forms consolidation constraint through a mechanism consisting of a vertical rigid arm 1, a rack 5, a gear 7, a gear central shaft 8 and the like; the free end of the outer side of the cantilever is fixed with a mass-concentrating rigid block which can be made of iron material, and the mass of the mass-concentrating rigid block is recorded as ma(ii) a The effective length of the flexible cantilever from the fixed point of the vertical rigid arm and the flexible cantilever to the position of the mass block at the outer end of the cantilever is marked as laThe mechanical measure can be adjusted according to the test requirement; and a vertical acceleration sensor is arranged at the rigid block and used for recording vibration signals of the amplifier.
The bottom end of the vertical rigid arm 1 is fixed on a carriage right above the axle of the measuring wheel through a bolt 10, so that only the vertical vibration signal of the measuring wheel is transmitted upwards to the amplifier.
By way of example and not limitation, the embodiment of fig. 3 shows that the adjustment of the effective length is achieved by a gear mechanism:
the gear mechanism consists of a rack 5, a gear 7 and a rotary control knob 6; the lower bottom surface of the rack is tightly attached to the upper surface of the flexible cantilever; a cylindrical hole is formed in the upper end of the vertical rigid arm, the diameter of the hole is slightly larger than the maximum peripheral diameter d of the gear, and the depth of the hole is slightly larger than the thickness of the gear, so that the gear is just embedded into the cylindrical hole in the upper end of the rigid arm; the gear is fixed in the cylindrical hole of the vertical rigid arm through a gear central shaft 8, so that the gear can only rotate around the shaft, a circular dial 9 is sleeved at the outer end of the central shaft, the dial is equally divided into 60 parts along the circumference, and each scale represents pi d/60; the outer end of the central shaft is connected with a rotary control button, and the effective length of the flexible cantilever is adjusted through the rotary control button.
The effectiveness of the present application will be demonstrated below by theoretical derivation and numerical calculation, respectively.
Verification of embodiment 1
Theoretical verification:the function mechanism of the amplifier is revealed by deducing the vibration response analytic solution expression of the measuring vehicle and the amplifier, and the efficacy of the amplifier is further clarified.
The measuring vehicle system consisting of the measuring vehicle and the amplifier can be simplified intoAs shown in fig. 4A two degree of freedom spring mass model is shown. The bridge is simplified and expressed as an Euler-Bernoulli simple strut beam model, EI expresses the vertical flexural rigidity of the bridge,
the mass per unit length of the bridge is represented, and u represents the vertical displacement response of the bridge;
measuring physical quantity of the vehicle model: y isvIndicating the vertical displacement response of the measuring vehicle, ucM represents the vertical displacement of the contact point between the wheel of the measuring vehicle and the road surface of the bridgevIndicating the mass of the measuring vehicle, kvRepresenting the spring stiffness of the measuring vehicle, and v representing the running speed of the vehicle body;
physical quantity of amplifier model: y isaRepresents the vertical displacement response (vibration displacement of the rigid mass and its sensor test of fig. 1), m, of the amplifieraRepresents the lumped mass of the amplifier (rigid block mass in FIG. 1), kaThe vertical spring stiffness of the amplifier can be calculated according to the parameters of the flexible cantilever to obtain:
kaand can also be obtained or calibrated through a force-displacement deflection test.
The vertical vibration equation for an amplifier can be expressed as:
due to the mass m of the rigid block of the amplifieraFar less than the mass m of the measuring vehiclevI.e. ma＜＜mvTo obtain the system response analytic solution expression, the inertial force and gravity applied to the measuring vehicle by the amplifier are ignored here, so the vertical vibration equation of the measuring vehicle itself can be approximately expressed as:
the differential equation of the vertical vibration of the simply supported beam bridge can be obtained based on the Euler-Bernoulli principle, namely
Wherein g is the acceleration of gravity and δ is the dicksar function.
By using a vibration mode superposition method and a Galerkin method, an analytic expression of the vertical displacement response u (x, t) of the bridge can be deduced:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for bridge frequency, the other parameters are expressed as
The vehicle body displacement response y can be obtained by substituting formula (3) with x in formula (5) being vtv(t), further performing twice derivation on the time t to obtain the vehicle body acceleration response
The analytical expression of (1):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
as the frequency of the vehicle body, omegabln＝ωbn-ΩnFor left-shift frequency, omega, of bridgesbrn＝ωbn+ΩnFor the bridge right shift frequency, the expressions of other parameters are:
responding the vehicle body to yv(t) obtaining the amplifier displacement response y by substituting formula (2)a(t), further deriving the time t twice to obtain the acceleration response of the amplifier
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the amplifier frequency, BanIs expressed as
Ban＝-1-AvnBvn+AdnBdn+AblnBbln-AbrnBbrn, (10)
Parameter B in the above formulavn,Bdn,Bbln,BbrnHaving the same expression pattern, i.e.
In the formula betaiRepresenting each frequency (body frequency, bridge left shift frequency and bridge right shift frequency) and amplifier frequency omegaaAre expressed as beta respectivelyv＝ωv/ωa,βbln＝ωbln/ωa，βbln＝ωbrn/ωa。
Comparing the equations (7) and (9) to obtain the response transfer relationship or frequency response function of each frequency response component (car body frequency, bridge left shift frequency, bridge right shift frequency) between the amplifier and the measuring car, i.e.
FIG. 5The function value of the frequency response is plotted against the frequency ratio betaiA graph of the relationship (c). When frequency ratio
When the frequency response function value is larger than 1, the frequency response (amplitude) in the amplifier is larger than the frequency response (amplitude) in the measuring vehicle, namely the amplifier has amplification effect on the vibration signal of the measuring vehicle; at the same time, it is found that when betaiAt 1, the value of the frequency response function tends to infinity, i.e. a resonance phenomenon occurs, which has three meanings:
(1) when the amplifier frequency omegaaTuned to near bridge frequency omegabnIn the process, the bridge frequency amplitude in the amplifier is amplified, so that the bridge frequency can be identified;
(2) when the amplifier frequency omegaaTuned to equal body frequency omegavIn time, the amplitude of the vehicle body frequency in the vehicle body response is inhibited, and the identification of the bridge frequency is facilitated;
(3) when two signal amplifiers are arranged at the same time, one signal amplifier is tuned to be close to the frequency of the bridge, and the other signal amplifier is tuned to be equal to the frequency of the bridge, the two signal amplifiers can act synergistically, so that the interference factor of the frequency of the bridge can be reduced, the amplitude of the frequency of the bridge can be enhanced, and a better bridge frequency identification effect can be ensured.
The following theoretical derivation and analysis can be obtained: measuring vehicle vibration signal amplifier designed by the application has an enlarged bridge
The frequency response is suppressed, the identification effect of the bridge frequency is greatly enhanced, and therefore, the measuring vehicle is named
Vibration signal amplifier ".
Verification of embodiment 2
A finite element method is adopted to simulate and measure a car-amplifier test system to drive through a real bridge, and roads are considered at the same time The effectiveness of the application is further verified by the influence of the uneven surface and the tractor. From the above, the frequency of the signal amplifier can be adjusted by changing the length of the flexible cantilever according to the test requirement, so as to change the frequency ratio beta of the vehicle body to the amplifiervOr bridge to amplifier frequency ratio betabn。
First, the amplifier frequency ω is setaTuned to the frequency omega of the measuring vehiclevI.e. omegaa＝ωv。FIG. 6 is a tableShown as a spectrogram measuring the acceleration signal of the vehicle, where "SC" denotes a flexible boom, i.e. taking into account the action of the amplifier, and "RC" denotes a rigid boom, i.e. taking into account the action of the amplifier. Comparing the two data lines can be found: when considering amplifier action (ω)a＝ωv) The amplitude of the frequency of the vehicle body is greatly reduced, so that the frequency of the bridge and the vehicle body are reducedThe amplitude difference of the frequency is increased, the identifiability of the bridge frequency is enhanced, and the identification effect of the bridge frequency is further improved.
Then, the amplifier frequency ω is adjustedaTuned to approximate the 2 nd order frequency omega of the bridgeb2At this time, take ωa＝1.2ωb2. Spectrogram of acceleration signal of amplifierSee FIG. 7. Comparing the two data lines can be found: when considering amplifier action (ω)a＝1.2ωb2) 2 nd order frequency omega of bridgeb2The amplitude of the signal is greatly increased, and omega is enhancedb2The identification degree of the bridge is improved, and the 2 nd order frequency omega of the bridge is further improvedb2The recognition effect of (1).
Further, the amplifier frequency ωaTuned to near the 3 rd order frequency omega of the bridgeb3At this time, take ωa＝1.2ωb3. Spectrogram of acceleration signal of amplifierSee fig. 8. Comparing the two data lines can be found: when considering amplifier action (ω)a＝1.2ωb3) 3 rd order frequency omega of bridgeb3The amplitude of the same is obviously increased, and omega is enhancedb3The identification degree of the bridge is improved, and the 3 rd order frequency omega of the bridge is further improvedb3The recognition effect of (1).
The above numerical results and analysis also demonstrate that: the measuring vehicle vibration signal amplifier designed by the application has the functions of increasing bridge frequency response and inhibiting vehicle body frequency response, and further greatly enhances the identification effect of bridge frequency.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure should be considered as equivalent effective embodiments, and all the changes or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a be applied to healthy automobile-used discernment signal adjustment mechanism that measures of monitoring bridge, the characteristic is that, this discernment signal adjustment mechanism installs in measuring the car, and its structure includes vertical rigid arm, flexible cantilever, rigid mass piece and acceleration sensor, wherein:
the vertical rigid arm is used as a bracket and used for transmitting signals, is supported on the upper component, and the bottom end of the vertical rigid arm is fixed right above the axle of the measuring wheel, so that only vertical vibration signals of the measuring vehicle are sensed and transmitted;
the flexible cantilever is an elastic rod piece, one end of the flexible cantilever is a fixed point and is used for connecting the upper part of the vertical rigid arm, and the other end of the flexible cantilever is a free end and is used for connecting the rigid mass block;
the acceleration sensor is fixed on the rigid mass block and used for monitoring a vertical vibration acceleration signal of the rigid mass block.
2. The vehicular measuring and identifying signal conditioning mechanism for monitoring bridge health as claimed in claim 1, wherein the identifying signal conditioning mechanism is designed as a single degree of freedom spring-mass system, and is applied to a measuring signal identifying system as a vibration signal amplifier:
the distance between two connecting end points of the flexible cantilever determines the amplification degree of the vertical vibration signal, so that the adjustment parameters of the amplifier can be adjusted by changing the distance.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114322911A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆大学 | Bridge pavement flatness indirect accurate identification method combined with Kalman filtering |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114322911A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆大学 | Bridge pavement flatness indirect accurate identification method combined with Kalman filtering |
| CN114322911B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-08-04 | 重庆大学 | Bridge pavement evenness indirect accurate identification method combining Kalman filtering |
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