CN214011270U - Semi-axis work piece material loading device of detecting a flaw - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of work piece semi-axis material loading and specifically relates to a semi-axis work piece material loading device of detecting a flaw, it includes the workstation, be provided with walking beam transport mechanism on the workstation, walking beam transport mechanism one end is provided with walking beam feeding mechanism, walking beam feeding mechanism one end is provided with the mechanism of detecting a flaw, the mechanism of detecting a flaw is including setting up the electrode box at the workstation both ends, the work subassembly of setting in the electrode box, the start-up clamping mechanism of setting in the electrode box, the work subassembly includes the first cylinder of fixed connection in the electrode box, the yoke of connection on the piston rod of first cylinder, start-up clamping mechanism includes the second cylinder of fixed connection in the electrode box, the gag lever post of fixed connection on the piston rod of second cylinder. This application has and establishes the semi-axis through first cylinder drive yoke cover, carries out disposable flaw detection to the semi-axis, reduces manual operation intensity of labour, improves the effect of the efficiency of detecting a flaw.

Description

Semi-axis work piece material loading device of detecting a flaw

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of workpiece half-shaft feeding, in particular to a half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device.

Background

The half shafts, also called drive shafts, are the shafts connecting the differential to the drive wheels. The half shaft is a shaft for transmitting torque between a speed reducer of the gearbox and a driving wheel, and the inner end and the outer end of the half shaft are respectively provided with a universal joint which is respectively connected with a gear of the speed reducer and an inner ring of a hub bearing through a spline on the universal joint.

In the related art, the semi-axis quality inspection needs to be carried out for flaw detection, and the semi-axis needs to be conveyed to a flaw detection device before flaw detection.

To the correlation technique among the above-mentioned, carry the semi-axis manual work to the device of detecting a flaw extravagant manpower, and efficiency is not high.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to improve the artifical transport of semi-axis to the extravagant manpower of device of detecting a flaw, and defect that efficiency is not high, this application provides a semi-axis work piece material loading device of detecting a flaw.

The application provides a half axle work piece material loading flaw detection device adopts following technical scheme:

a semi-axis workpiece feeding flaw detection device comprises a workbench, wherein a walking beam conveying mechanism is arranged on the workbench, a walking beam feeding mechanism is arranged at one end of the walking beam conveying mechanism, a flaw detection mechanism is arranged at one end of the walking beam feeding mechanism, the flaw detection mechanism comprises electrode boxes arranged at two ends of the workbench, working assemblies arranged in the electrode boxes and a starting clamping mechanism arranged in the electrode boxes, the electrode boxes are oppositely arranged relative to the axis of the workbench, each working assembly comprises a first air cylinder fixedly connected in the electrode box, a placing sleeve fixedly connected to a piston rod of the first air cylinder and a magnetic yoke arranged in the placing sleeve in a limiting manner, and each starting clamping mechanism comprises a second air cylinder fixedly connected in the electrode box and a limiting rod fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second air cylinder; the walking beam feeding mechanism comprises a sliding strip fixedly connected to a workbench, a sliding plate slidably connected to the sliding strip, a third air cylinder connected to the sliding plate on one side, away from the sliding strip, a bearing plate connected to a piston rod of the third air cylinder, a fourth air cylinder fixedly connected to the workbench and used for driving the sliding plate to slide, and two placing plates fixedly connected to the bearing plate, wherein two ends of each placing plate are provided with limiting grooves, and the limiting grooves are used for bearing half shafts.

By adopting the technical scheme, the half shaft is conveyed on the workbench through the walking beam conveying mechanism, the half shaft is conveyed to one end, the half shaft is placed on the flaw detection mechanism through the walking beam feeding mechanism, the sliding plate firstly slides to a position close to the walking beam conveying mechanism, the third cylinder pushes the bearing plate, the half shaft is lifted up to leave the walking beam conveying mechanism through the placing plate on the bearing plate, and then the fourth cylinder pushes the sliding plate, so that the half shaft is driven to move towards the flaw detection mechanism, after the half shaft is limited through the limiting component of the flaw detection mechanism, the half shaft is sleeved with the driving magnet yoke through the first cylinder, the flaw detection is carried out on the half shaft, so that the flaw detection is carried out after the half shaft is automatically fed, the longer half shaft is changed into one-time flaw detection in multiple sections, the labor intensity of manual operation is reduced, the working efficiency of the flaw detection is improved, and by arranging, the half shaft on the walking beam conveying mechanism is moved forward, and the flaw detection efficiency is further improved.

Optionally, a telescopic rod is arranged between the placing plate and the sliding plate, one end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the placing plate, and the end of the telescopic rod, far away from the placing plate, is fixedly connected to the sliding plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through placing and set up the telescopic link between board and the sliding plate, can improve and place the board and rise or the stability when descending through the drive of third cylinder, reduce and place the possibility that the board rocked when removing.

Optionally, the peripheral fixedly connected with bounding wall of workstation, be provided with the drive assembly that drives the electrode box and remove on the workstation, drive assembly includes fixed plate, rotation connection lead screw, the fixed connection that fixed plate and bounding wall between the fixed plate in the workstation, fixed connection keep away from the hand wheel of fixed plate one end, the cover at the lead screw drive block on the lead screw at the lead screw, the drive block with electrode box bottom of the case fixed connection.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through set up the drive assembly who drives the electrode case and remove on the workstation, move through lead screw drive piece to drive the electrode case and remove, make the electrode case along the adjustable position of lead screw direction, thereby can adjust the position between two electrode cases, make the mechanism of detecting a flaw can adapt to the not half-axis of length and detect a flaw, improve the commonality that the mechanism of detecting a flaw detected a flaw.

Optionally, it places the strip to lie in electrode box bottom portion on the workstation and be provided with two, it is on the workstation to place strip fixed connection, the electrode box with it slides and contradicts to place the strip.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, contradict electrode box slip on placing the strip, stability when can improving electrode box and slide reduces electrode box and the possibility of error appearing when sliding to placing the strip and can improving electrode box's stability, further improving the effect that the semi-axis was detected a flaw.

Optionally, one end of each of the two placing strips, which is far away from the hand wheel, is connected with a stabilizing plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, place and connect the stabilising plate between the strip two, can improve two and place the stability of structure between the strip, further improve the quality of placing the strip, further improve drive assembly's stability.

Optionally, the yoke is close to place a pot head and be equipped with and place the cover, the yoke with place the cover cooperation of pegging graft, it keeps away from to place the cover the yoke one side is slided and is contradicted on placing the strip, place the cover with first cylinder fixed connection.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, peg graft the cooperation with the yoke and placing the cover in, with first cylinder and place cover fixed connection to will place the cover and slide and contradict to placing the strip, improve the stability when placing the strip and slide, further improve and place the stability when the cover slides, with the yoke and place the cooperation of pegging graft of cover, make things convenient for the dismantlement of yoke.

Optionally, the walking beam conveying mechanism includes two pairs of transmission assemblies and a moving block fixedly connected to the transmission assemblies, and a groove for limiting the half shaft is formed in the moving block.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up two sets of drive assembly to the movable block of fixed connection on drive assembly drives through drive assembly and removes, places the semi-axis on the movable block, makes things convenient for the removal of drive chain.

Optionally, an inclined plate for flowing out of the magnetic suspension is arranged on the table top of the workbench, a water pipe is arranged at the lowest position of the inclined plate, and the water pipe is communicated to the outside of the workbench.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up the inclined plane and the water service pipe that are used for magnetic suspension to flow on the workstation, there is magnetic suspension on the semi-axis when detecting a flaw, and the water service pipe can make things convenient for magnetic suspension's recovery, reduces the possibility that magnetic suspension drips when the transportation and remains on table surface.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. after the half shafts are conveyed by the walking beam conveying mechanism, the half shafts are placed in the flaw detection mechanism by the walking beam feeding mechanism, flaw detection is carried out after the half shafts are automatically fed, manual operation is reduced, the flaw detection working efficiency is improved, the half shafts on the walking beam conveying mechanism can be moved forward while the half shafts after flaw detection are moved out by arranging limiting grooves at the two ends of the placing plate, and the feeding flaw detection effect is further improved;

2. the driving assembly for driving the electrode boxes to move is arranged on the workbench, and the driving block is driven to move through the lead screw, so that the electrode boxes are driven to move, the position of the electrode boxes along the direction of the lead screw is adjustable, the position between the two electrode boxes can be adjusted, the flaw detection mechanism can adapt to the flaw detection of half shafts with different lengths, and the flaw detection universality of the flaw detection mechanism is improved;

3. through placing and set up the telescopic link between board and the sliding plate, can improve and place the board and rise or the stability when descending through the drive of third cylinder, reduce and place the possibility that the board rocked when removing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a half-axis workpiece feeding inspection device in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a walking beam feeding mechanism of a half-axis workpiece feeding flaw detection device in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a flaw detection mechanism of a half-axis workpiece feeding flaw detection device in an embodiment of the application.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a flaw detection mechanism side of a half-axis workpiece feeding flaw detection device in an embodiment of the application.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a half-axis workpiece feeding inspection device in an embodiment of the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 01. a half shaft; 1. a work table; 2. a walking beam transport mechanism; 21. a moving block; 211. a groove; 22. a chain; 23. a sprocket; 24. rotating the rod; 25. a support plate; 26. a drive motor; 3. a walking beam feeding mechanism; 31. a slide bar; 32. a sliding plate; 33. a third cylinder; 331. a telescopic rod; 34. a support plate; 35. a fourth cylinder; 36. placing the plate; 37. a limiting groove; 38. a limiting strip; 39. a slider; 391. a sliding groove; 4. a flaw detection mechanism; 41. starting the clamping mechanism; 411. a second cylinder; 4111. a limiting sleeve; 412. a limiting rod; 4121. a non-slip mat; 42. a working assembly; 421. a first cylinder; 422. a magnetic yoke; 4221. placing a sleeve; 43. an electrode case; 5. placing the strips; 51. a stabilizing plate; 6. enclosing plates; 7. a drive assembly; 71. a fixing plate; 72. a screw rod; 73. a hand wheel; 74. a drive block; 8. an inclined plate; 81. a water pipe.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-5.

The embodiment of the application discloses half-shaft workpiece feeding and flaw detection device. Referring to fig. 1, a semi-axis work piece material loading flaw detection device includes workstation 1, and one end is provided with walking beam transport mechanism 2 on the workstation 1, and 2 one ends of walking beam transport mechanism are provided with walking beam feeding mechanism 3, and walking beam feeding mechanism 3 keeps away from 2 one ends of walking beam transport mechanism and is provided with the mechanism of detecting a flaw 4.

Referring to fig. 1, walking beam transport mechanism 2 includes drive assembly and fixed connection's movable block 21 on drive assembly, drive assembly includes two sets of chains 22 that set up relatively, two sprockets 23 with chain 22 meshing, two sprockets 23 set up along the 01 moving direction of semi-axis, wear to be equipped with dwang 24 in the sprocket 23, the sprocket 23 of relative setting in the drive assembly is connected to dwang 24, dwang 24 and the coaxial fixed connection of sprocket 23, dwang 24 passes sprocket 23 after to rotate and is connected with backup pad 25, dwang 24 one end can be dismantled and connect on workstation 1 to backup pad 25 is kept away from, the mode of dismantling the connection is through bolted connection in this embodiment.

Referring to fig. 1, a driving motor 26 for driving the rotation rod 24 to rotate is disposed at one side of one of the support plates 25, a motor housing of the driving motor 26 is fixedly connected to the support plate 25, and a driving shaft of the driving motor 26 is fixedly connected to the rotation rod 24.

Referring to fig. 1, the moving blocks 21 are fixedly connected to chain links of the chain 22, the chain 22 is provided with a plurality of moving blocks 21 at equal intervals, one side, away from the chain 22, of each moving block 21 is provided with a groove 211, each groove 211 is used for containing a half shaft 01, the half shafts 01 can be kept stable in the conveying process through limiting of the grooves 211, and the possibility that the half shafts 01 shake and fall is reduced.

Referring to fig. 2, the walking beam feeding mechanism 3 includes a sliding bar 31 fixedly connected to the workbench 1, a sliding plate 32 slidably connected to the sliding bar 31, a third cylinder 33 connected to one side of the sliding plate 32 away from the sliding bar 31, a supporting plate 34 connected to a piston rod of the third cylinder 33, a fourth cylinder 35 fixedly connected to the workbench 1 for driving the sliding plate 32 to slide, and two placing plates 36 fixedly connected to the supporting plate 34, wherein two ends of the placing plates 36 are provided with limiting grooves 37, and the limiting grooves 37 are used for being connected with the half shaft 01.

Referring to fig. 2, one end of the sliding bar 31 close to the sliding bar 32 is fixedly connected with a limiting bar 38, the limiting bar 38 is cylindrical, one side of the sliding bar 32 close to the sliding bar 31 is fixedly connected with a sliding block 39, the sliding block 39 is provided with a sliding groove 391, and the limiting bar 38 penetrates through the sliding groove 391 in a sliding manner.

Referring to fig. 2, the cylinder body of the third cylinder 33 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 32, the piston rod of the third cylinder 33 is fixedly connected to the supporting plate 34, the supporting plate 34 is driven to move up and down by the third cylinder 33, a plurality of telescopic rods 331 are disposed between the supporting plate 34 and the sliding plate 32, one end of each telescopic rod 331 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 32, one end of each telescopic rod 331, which is far away from the sliding plate 32, is fixedly connected to the supporting plate 34, and stability of the supporting plate 34 driven by the third cylinder 33 when moving can be improved by the arrangement of the telescopic rods 331.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, after the limit grooves 37 on the placing plate 36 are aligned with the half shafts 01, the bearing plate 34 is pushed by the third cylinder 33 to lift the half shafts 01 conveyed from the walking beam conveying mechanism 2, and the limit grooves 37 at the two ends of the placing plate 36 lift the half shafts 01 in the flaw detection mechanism 4 while lifting the half shafts 01 on the walking beam conveying mechanism 2, thereby improving the efficiency.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the push rod of the fourth cylinder 35 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 32, and after the placing plate 36 lifts the half shaft 01, the sliding plate 32 is pushed by the fourth cylinder 35, so that the sliding plate 32 moves along the length direction of the sliding bar 31, and the half shaft 01 moves to the flaw detection mechanism 4.

Referring to fig. 3, the flaw detection mechanism 4 includes electrode boxes 43 provided on both sides in the width direction of the stage 1, work modules 42 provided in the electrode boxes 43, and an actuating clamp mechanism 41 provided in the electrode boxes 43.

Referring to fig. 3, the start clamping mechanism 41 is used for limiting the half shaft 01 in the flaw detection mechanism 4, the start clamping mechanism 41 includes a second cylinder 411 arranged in the electrode box 43, and a limiting rod 412 fixedly connected with a piston rod of the second cylinder 411, the limiting rod 412 penetrates through the side wall of the electrode box 43, one end of the limiting rod 412 far away from the second cylinder 411 is used for abutting against the half shaft 01, and the second cylinders 411 on both sides push the limiting rod 412 to abut against and limit both ends of the half shaft 01.

Referring to fig. 3, a non-slip pad 4121 is fixedly connected to an end of the limiting rod 412 far away from the second cylinder 411, and the non-slip pad 4121 can reduce the possibility that the half shaft 01 slips after being limited.

Referring to fig. 3, the cylinder body of second cylinder 411 is overlapped and is equipped with stop collar 4111, and the cylinder body fixed connection of stop collar 4111 and second cylinder 411, stop collar 4111 can dismantle the connection at electrode box 43 lateral wall, and the mode of dismantling the connection in this embodiment is through bolted connection.

Referring to fig. 3, the working assembly 42 is located below the start clamping mechanism 41, the working assembly 42 includes a first cylinder 421 fixedly connected in the electrode box 43, and a yoke 422 connected to a piston rod of the first cylinder 421, one end of the cylinder of the first cylinder 421 is fixedly connected to a side wall of the electrode box 43, and the other end passes through the side wall of the electrode box 43.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, one end of the magnetic yoke 422 is provided with a placing sleeve 4221, the magnetic yoke 422 is in inserted fit with the placing sleeve 4221, the side wall of the placing sleeve 4221 is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the first cylinder 421, and the placing sleeve 4221 is pushed by the first cylinder 421 so that the magnetic yoke 422 is sleeved on the half shaft 01 to detect a flaw of the half shaft 01.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, workstation 1 is located electrode case 43 below and is provided with and places strip 5, places strip 5 fixed connection on workstation 1, places strip 5 and is provided with two along electrode case 43 width, and electrode case 43 slides and contradicts on placing strip 5, places cover 4221 and slides and contradicts on placing strip 5, and the stability when setting up and placing strip 5 and can improve electrode case 43 and yoke 422 and remove.

Referring to fig. 4, a stabilizing plate 51 is fixedly connected between the two placing bars 5, and the stabilizing plate 51 is disposed at an opposite end of the two placing bars 5.

Referring to fig. 5, enclosing plates 6 are arranged around the workbench 1, and in order to improve the universality of the flaw detection mechanism 4, a driving assembly 7 for driving the electrode box 43 to slide is further arranged on the workbench 1, and the driving assembly 7 comprises a fixing plate 71 fixedly connected to the workbench 1, a screw rod 72 rotatably connected between the fixing plate 71 and the enclosing plates 6, a hand wheel 73 fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod 72 far away from the fixing plate 71, and a driving block 74 sleeved on the screw rod 72.

Referring to fig. 5, the screw 72 is located below the electrode box 43 and between the two placing strips 5, the driving block 74 is rectangular, the driving block 74 is in threaded connection with the screw 72, and one side of the driving block 74, which is far away from the workbench 1, is fixedly connected with the electrode box 43. The position of the electrode case 43 is adjusted by rotating the lead screw 72 by rotating the hand wheel 73 to slide the electrode case 43 in the direction of the lead screw 72.

Referring to fig. 5, semi-axis 01 before detecting a flaw the surface can spray magnetic suspension, and magnetic suspension can drip on workstation 1 in semi-axis 01 removal process, and in order to make things convenient for magnetic suspension's clearance and recovery, be provided with inclined plate 8 on the workstation 1 mesa, inclined plate 8 minimum sets up the intercommunication has water service pipe 81, and the magnetic suspension that drips realizes recycle through water service pipe 81 outflow workstation 1 mesa.

The implementation principle of the half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device in the embodiment of the application is as follows: the half shaft 01 placed on the moving block 21 is sequentially conveyed to one end close to the walking beam feeding mechanism 3 through the walking beam conveying mechanism 2, the third air cylinder 33 on the walking beam feeding mechanism 3 pushes the supporting plate to move upwards, the half shaft 01 is clamped in the limiting groove 37 of the placing plate 36 and leaves the walking beam conveying mechanism 2, the fourth air cylinder 35 pushes the sliding plate 32 to move along the length direction of the sliding strip 31, the half shaft 01 is brought into the flaw detection mechanism 4, after the half shaft 01 is limited by starting the clamping mechanism 41, the walking beam feeding mechanism 3 returns to one side of the walking beam conveying mechanism 2 again, and after the half shaft 01 is limited by starting the clamping mechanism 41, the half shaft 01 is subjected to flaw detection through the working assembly 42. When the piston rod of the first cylinder 421 in the electrode box 43 extends out, the magnetic yoke 422 is sleeved on the half shaft 01 to detect the flaw of the half shaft 01, so that the half shaft workpiece is subjected to flaw detection for one time from multi-time segmented flaw detection. Limiting grooves 37 are formed in two ends of the placing plate 36, after the placing plate 36 lifts the half shaft 01 on the walking beam conveying mechanism 2, the half shaft 01 which completes flaw detection on the flaw detection mechanism 4 is lifted and transported, and the half shaft 01 is transported in and out synchronously, so that the flaw detection efficiency of the half shaft 01 is further improved.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a semi-axis work piece material loading flaw detection device which characterized in that: including workstation (1), be provided with walking beam transport mechanism (2) on workstation (1), walking beam transport mechanism (2) one end is provided with walking beam feeding mechanism (3), walking beam feeding mechanism (3) one end is provided with mechanism of detecting a flaw (4), mechanism of detecting a flaw (4) is including setting up electrode box (43) at workstation (1) both ends, setting up work module (42) in electrode box (43), setting up start clamping mechanism (41) in electrode box (43), electrode box (43) set up relatively about workstation (1) axis, work module (42) include fixed connection first cylinder (421) in electrode box (43), connect yoke (422) on the piston rod of first cylinder (421), start clamping mechanism (41) include second cylinder (411) of fixed connection in electrode box (43), A limit rod (412) fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second cylinder (411);

walking beam feeding mechanism (3) including fixed connection slider (31) on workstation (1), sliding plate (32) of sliding connection on slider (31), connect third cylinder (33) of keeping away from slider (31) one side in slider (32), bearing plate (34) of connecting on the piston rod of third cylinder (33), fixed connection be used for driving gliding fourth cylinder (35) of slider (32) on workstation (1), two of fixed connection place board (36) on bearing plate (34), place board (36) both ends and seted up spacing groove (37), spacing groove (37) are used for bearing half axle (01).

2. The half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: an expansion rod (331) is arranged between the placing plate (36) and the sliding plate (32), one end of the expansion rod (331) is fixedly connected to the placing plate (36), and one end, far away from the placing plate (36), of the expansion rod (331) is fixedly connected with the sliding plate (32).

3. The half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: peripheral fixedly connected with bounding wall (6) of workstation (1), be provided with drive assembly (7) that drive electrode case (43) removed on workstation (1), drive assembly (7) include fixed plate (71), the rotation of fixed connection in workstation (1) connect lead screw (72) between fixed plate (71) and bounding wall (6), fixed connection keeps away from hand wheel (73), the cover of fixed plate (71) one end at lead screw (72) and establishes drive block (74) on lead screw (72), drive block (74) with electrode case (43) bottom of the case fixed connection.

4. The half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: it is provided with two and places strip (5) to lie in electrode case (43) bottom on workstation (1), place strip (5) fixed connection on workstation (1), electrode case (43) with place strip (5) sliding connection.

5. The half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: one end, far away from the hand wheel (73), of each of the two placing strips (5) is connected with a stabilizing plate (51).

6. The half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: yoke (422) are close to place a pot head of strip (5) and be equipped with and place cover (4221), yoke (422) with place cover (4221) grafting cooperation, place cover (4221) and keep away from yoke (422) one side is slided and is contradicted on placing strip (5), place cover (4221) with first cylinder (421) fixed connection.

7. The half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the walking beam conveying mechanism (2) comprises two pairs of transmission assemblies and a moving block (21) fixedly connected to the transmission assemblies, wherein a groove (211) used for limiting a half shaft (01) is formed in the moving block (21).

8. The half-shaft workpiece feeding flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetic suspension liquid separation device is characterized in that an inclined plate (8) used for magnetic suspension liquid to flow out is arranged on the table top of the workbench (1), a water pipe (81) is arranged at the lowest position of the inclined plate (8), and the water pipe (81) is communicated to the outside of the workbench (1).

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