CN213953970U - Axial temperature balancing structure of small high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for fuel cell - Google Patents
Axial temperature balancing structure of small high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN213953970U CN213953970U CN202022455663.6U CN202022455663U CN213953970U CN 213953970 U CN213953970 U CN 213953970U CN 202022455663 U CN202022455663 U CN 202022455663U CN 213953970 U CN213953970 U CN 213953970U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a small-sized high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature balancing structure for a fuel cell, wherein a motor is positioned in the middle position of an air pump, and a first-stage centrifugal impeller and a second-stage centrifugal impeller are respectively arranged on shafts at two ends of the motor and are respectively supported by a first-stage bearing and a second-stage bearing and a bearing sleeve; the motor shaft is of a hollow structure, is close to the end of the first-stage centrifugal impeller and is provided with a drainage straight hole along the radial direction; an inclined inflow hole is formed in the motor shaft in the radial direction close to the end of the secondary centrifugal impeller; in the whole air pump, a left cavity of a motor shaft is communicated with a drainage straight hole, and a right cavity of the motor shaft is communicated with an inclined inflow hole; in the operation process of the air pump, high-temperature and high-pressure air flow in the secondary centrifugal impeller area flows to the primary centrifugal impeller area with relatively low temperature from the secondary centrifugal impeller area along the inner channel of the motor shaft under the action of pressure difference, so that the temperature difference between the primary bearing and the secondary bearing and the temperature difference between the primary bearing sleeve and the secondary bearing sleeve are balanced to a certain degree, and the deformation difference caused by different bearing temperatures of the primary bearing sleeve and the secondary bearing sleeve is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a centrifugal air pump, especially a fuel cell is with balanced structure of small-size high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature.
Background
The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell becomes one of the hot spots for hydrogen energy utilization at present, a small air pump is one of the main auxiliary components of the hydrogen fuel cell, and for the fuel cell for an automobile, the small air pump can be used for pressurizing stack inlet gas of the fuel cell (also called as an air compressor for the fuel cell), promotes the reaction of oxygen contained in air and hydrogen, and is one of key devices for ensuring the efficient, stable and reliable operation of the fuel cell; for the fuel cell used in the closed space, an oxygen source is specially equipped to provide oxygen for reaction in the galvanic pile, and the small air pump can be used for recycling the unreacted oxygen in the galvanic pile (also called as an oxygen-enriched circulating pump) to ensure the high-efficiency utilization of the oxygen. The two-stage centrifugal air pump is one of the mainstream structural types adopted by the existing air pump for the fuel cell, and the air pump needs to meet various characteristic requirements such as miniaturization and high efficiency according to the requirements of a fuel cell system, so that the general rotating speed of the two-stage centrifugal air pump for the fuel cell is more than 5 ten thousand revolutions per minute and even more than 10 ten thousand revolutions per minute, and a high-speed bearing is one of core components influencing the working stability and reliability of the two-stage centrifugal air pump. In order to reduce the heat generated by the bearing during high-speed operation, the water-cooling circulation of the air pump matched with the high-speed motor is generally adopted to cool the bearing part, so that a certain effect is achieved on improving the operation environment of the high-speed bearing. However, in the actual working process, besides the heat generated by the operation of the bearing, the temperature of the compressed gas in the air pump is greatly different in the first-stage impeller area and the second-stage impeller area, and the gas temperature in the second-stage impeller area is far higher than that in the first-stage impeller area. On the basis of the same cooling effect of the water cooling circulation of the high-speed motor of the air pump, because of the temperature difference of the gas temperature in the first-stage impeller and the second-stage impeller, the deformation of the first-stage bearing and the bearing sleeve, which is influenced by the airflow heat, is different, when the difference of the deformation is large to a certain degree, the deformation can generate great adverse effect on the whole shafting running at high speed, and even the service life of the bearing and the air pump is damaged, so that the whole fuel cell is influenced. Therefore, the axial temperature balance structure is adopted, airflow in the two impeller areas flows, the temperature balance of the two impeller areas is promoted, the temperature difference of the two impeller areas is reduced, the running environment of the bearing can be improved, and the service life of the bearing and even the service life of the air pump are prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a fuel cell is with balanced structure of small-size high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature, through the temperature difference of near air current in balanced second grade bearing and bearing housing position, it is poor to reduce a second grade bearing and bearing housing because the deformation that the temperature difference arouses to improve bearing moving stability and reliability, finally improve the life of air pump.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: a small-sized high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature balancing structure for a fuel cell comprises a high-speed motor shell, a motor shaft, a bearing sleeve and a centrifugal impeller, wherein the left side of the motor shell is provided with a first-stage centrifugal impeller, a first-stage bearing and a first-stage bearing sleeve, and the right side of the motor shell is provided with a second-stage centrifugal impeller, a second-stage bearing and a second-stage bearing sleeve; the first-stage centrifugal impeller and the second-stage centrifugal impeller are respectively arranged on two sides of the motor shaft and are respectively supported by a first-stage bearing and a second-stage bearing; the motor shaft is a hollow shaft, a drainage straight hole is radially formed in the hollow shaft close to the end of the first-stage centrifugal impeller, an inclined inflow hole is radially formed in the hollow shaft close to the end of the second-stage centrifugal impeller, a left cavity of the motor shaft is communicated with the drainage straight hole, and a right cavity of the motor shaft is communicated with the inclined inflow hole; in the operation process of the air pump, high-temperature and high-pressure airflow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller region flows to the first-stage centrifugal impeller region with relatively low temperature from the second-stage centrifugal impeller region along the shaft inner channel under the action of pressure difference, so that the temperature difference between the first-stage bearing and the second-stage bearing and the temperature difference between the second-stage bearing and the first-stage bearing and the second-stage bearing are balanced, and the deformation difference of the first-stage bearing, the first-stage bearing and the second-stage bearing in different temperature environments is reduced.
Furthermore, the hollow shaft is provided with a circular through hole with a certain length and size in the axial direction inside the shaft, the axial position and the diameter of the through hole are matched with the structural strength, the critical rotating speed, the temperature difference and the pressure difference of a secondary area of the shaft under the high-speed rotation of the air pump, and the pneumatic performance of the air pump is not influenced.
Furthermore, the hollow shaft is provided with a certain number of through holes in the radial direction in the area close to the first-stage impeller, wherein the number, the aperture and the axial position of the through holes are matched with the temperature and the pressure of the incoming flow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller area and the temperature and the pressure in the first-stage centrifugal impeller area, so that the flow of air flow in the two areas is facilitated, and the temperature balance is promoted.
Furthermore, the inclined holes formed in the hollow shaft in the radial direction are inclined inflow through holes with a certain number and size, which are formed in the right side flow cavity close to the secondary impeller area in the radial direction and form a certain included angle with the axis, wherein the number, the aperture size, the axial position and the inclined angle of the inflow through holes are matched with the temperature and the pressure of inflow in the secondary centrifugal impeller area and the temperature and the pressure in the primary centrifugal impeller area, so that the loss of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow during inflow is reduced, and the airflow in the secondary centrifugal impeller area is promoted to flow to the primary centrifugal impeller area.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses a fuel cell is with balanced structure of small-size high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature through passing through the regional high-temperature high-pressure gas of second grade impeller to one-level impeller region through quill shaft structure drainage, can produce following beneficial effect:
1) after the axial temperature balance structure is adopted, on the premise of not influencing the aerodynamic performance of the air pump, high-temperature and high-pressure air in the secondary impeller area flows to the part near the bearing in the primary impeller area along the hollow shaft and the related structure, and the temperature balance of the part near the secondary bearing is promoted;
2) after the axial temperature balance structure is adopted, on the premise of not influencing the aerodynamic performance of the air pump, high-temperature and high-pressure air in the secondary impeller area flows to the position near the bearing in the primary impeller area along the hollow shaft and the related structure, and the difference of thermal deformation of the secondary bearing and the matched part is reduced;
3) after the axial temperature balance structure is adopted, on the premise of not influencing the aerodynamic performance of the air pump, high-temperature and high-pressure air in the secondary impeller region flows to the position near the bearing in the primary impeller region along the hollow shaft and the related structure, the running environment and state of the bearing are improved, and therefore the service life of the bearing and even the service life of the air pump are prolonged.
Generally, the utility model discloses a fuel cell can improve high speed bearing's service environment and running state with small-size high-speed two-stage centrifugation air pump axial temperature balanced structure, effectively promotes air pump operational reliability and life.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the axial temperature equalization structure of the fuel cell gas pump of the present invention;
wherein: 1-first-stage centrifugal impeller, 2-first-stage bearing, 3-first-stage bearing sleeve, 4-motor stator, 5-motor rotor, 6-motor hollow shaft, 7-second-stage bearing sleeve, 8-second-stage bearing, 9-second-stage centrifugal impeller and 10-motor shell.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the axial temperature equalization structure of a small-sized high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for a fuel cell comprises a motor stator 4, a motor rotor 5, a motor hollow shaft 6, a first-stage bearing 2, a second-stage bearing 2, a first-stage bearing sleeve 3, a second-stage bearing sleeve 7, a first-stage centrifugal impeller 1, a second-stage centrifugal impeller 9, a motor shell 10 and the like. A motor stator 4 and a motor rotor 5 are arranged in a motor shell 10, a hollow shaft 6 is arranged in the motor rotor 5, a primary centrifugal impeller 1 and a secondary centrifugal impeller 9 are respectively arranged at two ends of the hollow shaft 6 to respectively form a primary centrifugal impeller area and a secondary centrifugal impeller area, and the hollow shaft 6 in the primary centrifugal impeller area is connected with the motor shell 10 through a primary bearing 2 and a primary bearing sleeve 3; the hollow shaft 6 in the region of the secondary centrifugal impeller is connected to a motor housing 10 via a secondary bearing 8 and a secondary bearing bush 7.
The hollow shaft 6 adopts a hollow structure, a drainage straight hole is radially formed at the end close to the first-stage centrifugal impeller 1, an inclined inflow hole is radially formed at the end close to the second-stage centrifugal impeller 9, and in the operation process of the air pump, high-temperature and high-pressure air flow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller region flows to the first-stage centrifugal impeller region with relatively low temperature from the second-stage centrifugal impeller region along a flow channel in the shaft, so that the external temperatures of the first-stage and second- stage bearings 2 and 8 and the first-stage and second-stage bearing sleeves 3 and 7 are balanced to a certain degree, the difference of deformation caused by different temperatures of parts (the first-stage bearing 2, the first-stage bearing sleeve 3, the second-stage bearing 8 and the second-stage bearing sleeve 7) is reduced, and the operation reliability of the high-speed bearing is improved;
the hollow structure in the hollow shaft 6 is that a circular through hole with a certain length and size is formed in the hollow shaft 6 along the axial direction according to the through-flow requirement, and the axial position, the diameter and the like of the through hole need to be matched with the structural strength, the critical rotating speed, the temperature difference of a secondary area, the pressure difference and the like of the shaft under the high-speed rotation of the air pump;
the radial leakage straight hole structure of the hollow shaft 6 is that a certain number of through holes with certain size are arranged in a region close to the first-stage centrifugal impeller along the radial direction (vertical to the axis), and the axial through holes in the first-stage centrifugal impeller region and the hollow shaft 6 are communicated, so that airflow flowing from the second-stage centrifugal impeller region in the hollow shaft 6 flows through the first-stage bearing 2 and the first-stage bearing sleeve 3, and the number, the aperture size, the axial position and the like of the leakage straight holes need to be determined according to the temperature and the pressure of the incoming flow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller region and the temperature and the pressure in the first-stage centrifugal impeller region, thereby facilitating the airflow flow in the two regions and promoting the temperature balance;
the inclined holes of the hollow shaft 6 opened towards the radial direction are inclined inflow through holes with certain quantity and size opened towards the radial direction (forming a certain included angle with the axial line) in a right flow cavity 10 close to the area of the secondary centrifugal impeller, and are communicated with the area of the secondary centrifugal impeller and axial through holes in the hollow shaft 6, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller region flows into the through holes in the hollow shaft 6, the flowing airflow flows into the regions near the first-stage bearing 2 and the first-stage bearing sleeve 3, the number, the aperture size, the axial position, the inclination angle and the like of the inclined inflow through holes need to be considered, the temperature and the pressure of the inflow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller region are considered, and the temperature and the pressure of the first-stage centrifugal impeller region are determined, and especially the reasonable selection of the inclined angle of the inclined hole can reduce the loss of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow during flowing and promote the airflow of the second-stage centrifugal impeller region to flow to the first-stage centrifugal impeller region.
When the small high-speed centrifugal air pump works, the temperature of the adjacent areas of the first-stage centrifugal impeller and the second-stage centrifugal impeller is greatly different due to the fact that gas compression works; the temperature in the second stage centrifugal impeller region is significantly higher than the first stage impeller region. The bearing, the bearing sleeve and other parts for supporting the high-speed rotation of the motor shaft are different in small deformation caused by heating under the influence of different temperatures, and when the deformation difference reaches a certain degree, the bearing will damage the first and second bearings in high-speed operation, affect the stability of the whole shafting operation, and even affect the service life of the air pump. Aiming at the situation, the hollow structure is adopted in the motor shaft of the air pump, the end close to the first-stage centrifugal impeller is provided with a straight drainage hole along the radial direction, and the end close to the second-stage centrifugal impeller is provided with a flow inlet hole along the radial direction. The motor shaft inflow hole is in an inclined form near the end of the second-stage centrifugal impeller, and the inclined hole flow channel can reduce loss when high-pressure gas in the second-stage centrifugal impeller area flows in, so that airflow is better promoted to flow from the second-stage centrifugal impeller area to the first-stage centrifugal impeller area along the shaft inner channel.
The utility model discloses a fuel cell is with balanced structure of small-size high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature through passing through the regional high-temperature high-pressure gas of second grade impeller hollow shaft structure drainage to one-level impeller region, can produce following technological effect:
when the high-speed centrifugal air pump works, the air temperature in a secondary centrifugal impeller area in the air pump is greatly different, the air temperature in the secondary impeller area is far higher than that in a primary centrifugal impeller area, the deformation of a secondary bearing and a bearing sleeve caused by the influence of airflow heat is also greatly different, thereby generating great adverse effect on the whole shafting running at high speed and damaging the service life of the bearing and the air pump, after adopting an axial temperature balance structure, on the premise of not influencing the aerodynamic performance of the air pump, part of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the secondary centrifugal impeller area flows to the position near the bearing in the primary centrifugal impeller area along the hollow shaft structure, so that the temperature balance of the position near the secondary bearing is promoted, the difference of thermal deformation of the secondary bearing and a matching component is reduced, the running environment and state of the bearing are improved, and the service life of the bearing and even the service life of the air pump are prolonged.
Generally, the utility model discloses a fuel cell can improve high-speed bearing's service environment and running state with small-size high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature balanced structure, effectively promotes air pump operational reliability and life.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. The technical solution of the present invention can be used by anyone skilled in the art to make many possible variations and modifications, or to modify equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, using the technical content disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments by the technical entity of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention, all without departing from the contents of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a fuel cell is with balanced structure of small-size high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump axial temperature, includes high-speed motor casing, motor shaft, bearing housing, centrifugal impeller, its characterized in that: the left side of the motor shell is provided with a first-stage centrifugal impeller, a first-stage bearing and a first-stage bearing sleeve, and the right side of the motor shell is provided with a second-stage centrifugal impeller, a second-stage bearing and a second-stage bearing sleeve; the first-stage centrifugal impeller and the second-stage centrifugal impeller are respectively arranged on two sides of the motor shaft and are respectively supported by a first-stage bearing and a second-stage bearing; the motor shaft is a hollow shaft, a drainage straight hole is radially formed in the hollow shaft close to the end of the first-stage centrifugal impeller, an inclined inflow hole is radially formed in the hollow shaft close to the end of the second-stage centrifugal impeller, a left cavity of the motor shaft is communicated with the drainage straight hole, and a right cavity of the motor shaft is communicated with the inclined inflow hole; in the operation process of the air pump, high-temperature and high-pressure airflow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller region flows to the first-stage centrifugal impeller region with relatively low temperature from the second-stage centrifugal impeller region along the shaft inner channel under the action of pressure difference, so that the temperature difference between the first-stage bearing and the second-stage bearing and the temperature difference between the second-stage bearing and the first-stage bearing and the second-stage bearing are balanced, and the deformation difference of the first-stage bearing, the first-stage bearing and the second-stage bearing in different temperature environments is reduced.
2. The axial temperature equalization structure of a small-sized high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hollow shaft is provided with a circular through hole with a certain length and size in the axial direction inside the shaft, the axial position and the diameter of the through hole are matched with the structural strength, the critical rotating speed, the temperature difference and the pressure difference of a secondary area and a secondary area of the shaft under the high-speed rotation of the air pump, and the pneumatic performance of the air pump is not influenced.
3. The axial temperature equalization structure of a small-sized high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hollow shaft is provided with a certain number of through holes in the radial direction in a region close to the first-stage centrifugal impeller, wherein the number, the aperture and the axial position of the through holes are matched with the temperature and the pressure of incoming flow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller region and the temperature and the pressure in the first-stage centrifugal impeller region, so that the flow of air flow in the two regions is facilitated, and the temperature balance is promoted.
4. The axial temperature equalization structure of a small-sized high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inclined holes formed in the hollow shaft in the radial direction are inclined inflow through holes with a certain number and size, which are formed in the right side flow cavity close to the second-stage centrifugal impeller area in the radial direction and form a certain included angle with the axis, wherein the number, the aperture size, the axial position and the inclination angle of the inflow through holes are matched with the temperature and the pressure of inflow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller area and the temperature and the pressure in the first-stage centrifugal impeller area, so that the loss of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow during inflow is reduced, and the airflow in the second-stage centrifugal impeller area is promoted to flow to the first-stage centrifugal impeller area.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022455663.6U CN213953970U (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Axial temperature balancing structure of small high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202022455663.6U CN213953970U (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Axial temperature balancing structure of small high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for fuel cell |
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| CN213953970U true CN213953970U (en) | 2021-08-13 |
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| CN202022455663.6U Active CN213953970U (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Axial temperature balancing structure of small high-speed two-stage centrifugal air pump for fuel cell |
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| CN (1) | CN213953970U (en) |
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- 2020-10-29 CN CN202022455663.6U patent/CN213953970U/en active Active
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