CN213937741U - Bridgeless PFC circuit based on three-phase coupling inductor - Google Patents
Bridgeless PFC circuit based on three-phase coupling inductor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A bridgeless PFC circuit based on three-phase coupled inductors comprises: the three-phase coupling integrated inductor module comprises three inductor modules connected in parallel, and the input ends of the three inductor modules are connected with a three-phase input power supply; the three-phase rectifier bridge module comprises three rectifier bridge circuits connected in parallel, each rectifier bridge circuit comprises a diode and a switch module which are connected in series, and three output ends of the three-phase coupling integrated inductor module are respectively connected to the middle point of the rectifier bridge circuit; the output end of the signal control module is connected with the switch modules of the rectifier bridge circuits, the signal control module is used for generating and outputting three paths of pulse signals, and the three paths of signals output by the signal control module are respectively used for controlling the on-off of the switch modules of the three rectifier bridge circuits.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of circuits, especially, relate to a no bridge PFC circuit based on three-phase coupling inductance.
Background
A shaft power-taking power generation system for driving a motor to generate power by utilizing power of a carrying platform is a development direction of military and civil mobile power supplies, a permanent magnet generator with high power density is preferentially selected in order to save space, the output voltage frequency and amplitude of the permanent magnet generator change along with the rotating speed, and an AC/AC or AC/DC converter is mainly cascaded at an output end in order to obtain stable output electric energy.
With the gradual popularization of a shaft power generation system in a military mobile power supply, the development of a medium-frequency three-phase power factor correction device is necessary. For shaft power take-off power generation, the generator speed is high (n)maxMore than or equal to 6000 r/min), large rotation speed transformation ratio range (n)max/nminNot less than 4), the frequency transformation ratio range delta f of the output voltage of the generator is large (delta f is not less than 4), and the existing technology and device can not meet the requirements.
The existing rectifying device for industrial application mainly uses a three-phase diode uncontrolled rectifying device bridge, and is suitable for research and application in the field of 50Hz (or 60Hz) power utilization, while the application range of an intermediate frequency (typically 400Hz) power supply is limited, and the three-phase power factor correction is rarely researched. In addition, because the power frequency of the intermediate frequency power supply is high, the current mainstream commercial digital control chip is difficult to meet the requirements of phase locking and modulation, so that the existing rectifying device is difficult to realize phase tracking and high-frequency modulation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a bridgeless PFC circuit based on three-phase coupled inductors to achieve rectification and power factor correction of an intermediate frequency power supply.
The utility model provides a no bridge PFC circuit based on three-phase coupling inductance, include:
the three-phase coupling integrated inductor module comprises three inductor modules connected in parallel, and the input ends of the three inductor modules are connected with a three-phase input power supply;
the three-phase rectifier bridge module comprises three rectifier bridge circuits connected in parallel, each rectifier bridge circuit comprises a diode and a switch module which are connected in series, and three output ends of the three-phase coupling integrated inductor module are respectively connected to the middle point of the rectifier bridge circuit;
the output end of the signal control module is connected with the switch modules of the rectifier bridge circuits, the signal control module is used for generating and outputting three paths of pulse signals, and the three paths of signals output by the signal control module are respectively used for controlling the on-off of the switch modules of the three rectifier bridge circuits.
Further, in the bridgeless PFC circuit, the switch module employs a power switch tube.
Further, in each of the rectifier bridge circuits, a gate of the power switching tube is connected to an output terminal of the signal control module, a collector or a gate of the power switching tube is connected to an anode of the diode, a cathode of the diode is connected in parallel, and then an output terminal of the diode is an anode, and an emitter or a drain of the power switching tube is connected in parallel, and then an output terminal of the diode is a cathode.
Further, in the bridgeless PFC circuit, the switch module is any one of a MOS transistor, an IGBT, or SiC.
Further, in the bridgeless PFC circuit, coupling coefficients of the three inductance modules
Further, in the bridgeless PFC circuit, the inductances of the three inductance modules satisfy the following conditions:
La＝Lb＝Lc＝L；
the mutual inductance of the three inductance modules meets the condition:
Mab＝Mba＝Mac＝Mca＝Mbc＝Mcb＝M<0；
wherein L isa、LbAnd LcThe inductances of the three inductance modules a, b and c, respectively.
Further, in the bridgeless PFC circuit, the signal control module includes a voltage stabilizing and adjusting module, a pulse signal generator and a driving module connected in series, the voltage stabilizing and adjusting module includes a voltage processing module and a control regulator, the voltage processing module is configured to receive a divided voltage and a feedback voltage of an auxiliary power supply, and send a difference between the divided voltage and the feedback voltage to the control regulator, the driving module includes three driving circuits connected in parallel, the pulse signal generator is configured to generate a pulse signal and send the pulse signal to the three driving circuits, and output ends of the three driving circuits are connected to switch modules of the three rectifier bridge circuits respectively.
Further, in the bridgeless PFC circuit, the pulse signal generator is a PWM signal generator or a PFM signal generator.
Furthermore, the bridgeless PFC circuit further comprises a filtering module, wherein two ends of the filtering module are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the three-phase rectifier bridge module.
Further, in the bridgeless PFC circuit, the filter module includes a filter capacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following characteristic innovation and beneficial effect have:
(1) the utility model does not need to detect the technical scheme of input frequency, phase and phase tracking, and has the advantages of simple control, easy realization and the like;
(2) in order to realize high power factor, a PWM (pulse-width modulation) mode or a PFM (pulse-frequency modulation) mode can be adopted in design and control, and the input inductive current can work in a discontinuous mode (DCM) in the PWM mode; the input inductive current can work in a critical + discontinuous mode (BCM + DCM) in a PFM modulation mode, and the current stress of a power switch device can be reduced in both modes;
(3) compared with a separated inductor, the three-phase coupling integrated inductor can reduce inductance, reduce Ap value of magnetism, and reduce volume and inductance distribution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology structure of a bridgeless PFC circuit based on a three-phase coupled inductor in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed three-phase integrated coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating operation of a bridgeless PFC circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5a and 5b are the input voltage and current simulation waveforms of the inductor according to the embodiment of the present invention, respectively;
FIGS. 6a and 6b are simulated waveforms of input voltage and current, respectively, of the inductor in comparative example 1;
fig. 7a and 7b are simulated waveforms of input voltage and current, respectively, of the inductor in comparative example 2.
Description of the main elements
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiment of the invention is given in the attached drawings. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, this embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, a bridgeless PFC circuit based on three-phase coupled inductor according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a three-phase coupled integrated inductor module 20, a three-phase rectifier bridge module 30, and a signal control module. The three-phase coupling integrated inductor module is connected between the three-phase input power source 10 and the three-phase rectifier bridge module 30. The signal control module is connected to the three-phase bridge rectifier module 30, and the signal control module is configured to output the generated pulse signal to the three-phase bridge rectifier module 30 to control on/off of the three-phase bridge rectifier module 30.
Specifically, the three-phase coupling integrated inductor module 20 includes three inductor modules connected in parallel, and the input terminals of the three inductor modules are connected to the three-phase input power supply 10. The three-phase input power 10 may be from the generator set output or may be a three-phase ac power generated by a power generation plant. The input ports of the three inductance modules are respectively connected with a three-phase input power supply, and the output ports of the three inductance modules are respectively connected with the end points u, v and w of the three-phase rectifier bridge module 30.
The inductance module is a distributed coupling inductance, adopts 9 distributed magnetic cores and is divided into a 3 x 3 structure, a multi-magnetic-core distributed plane structure is adopted, the heat dissipation area of the magnetic cores is enlarged, the value of the inductance magnetic cores is increased, and the space is reduced, so that the inductance module is convenient to install. The three inductance modules La，LbAnd LcSee fig. 2 for core arrangement and core numbering, wherein:
Lathe windings are respectively wound on the magnetic cores11，l21，l31，l11，l12，l13The above step (1);
Lbthe windings are respectively wound on the magnetic cores21，l22，l12，l22，l32，l23The above step (1);
Lcthe windings are respectively wound on the magnetic cores33，l31，l32，l13，l23，l33The above.
The three inductance modules have the following relationship:
La＝Lb＝Lc＝L；Mab＝Mba＝Mac＝Mca＝Mbc＝Mcb＝M<0；
wherein L is the self-inductance value of the inductance module, Mab，MbaIs composed of two magnetic cores12，l21The two windings are coupled; mac，McaIs composed of two magnetic cores13，l31The two windings are coupled; mbc，McbIs composed of two magnetic cores23， l32The two windings are coupled.
Namely LaAnd LbMutual inductance between Mab＝Mba(ii) a Likewise, LbAnd Lc，LcAnd LaMutual inductance exists: mbc＝Mcb，Mac＝McaAnd M isab＝Mba＝Mac＝Mca＝Mbc＝McbM, requires in design: l isa， Lb，LcThe coupling between is negative (reverse) coupling, i.e. M is required<0 or required coupling coefficient:
(i ═ a, b, c; j ≠ a, b, c, and i ≠ j).
According to theoretical analysis, the maximum steady-state inductance of the three-phase coupling inductance is as follows:
LSS＝(1+2k)Li；
in the formula, LSSInductance value, L, of a stationary inductor, also a designed discrete inductoriK is the coupling coefficient, which is the self-inductance value of the coupling inductance.
If k is 1/4, we can get:
assuming that the current ripple is 20% I under both the magnetic coupling and non-coupling modesmAP of inductive core under coupling integration condition0The value:
2/3 for the AP value of the separation element, i.e.:
the dynamic inductance of the three-phase inductance can also be analyzed as follows:
Lst＝Li(1-3k)；
when k is equal to 1/4, the k value is,
according to the analysis, compared with the separated inductor, the three-phase coupling integrated inductor in the embodiment can reduce the inductance, reduce the Ap value of magnetism, and optimize the dynamic characteristic of the system.
The three-phase bridge rectifier module 30 includes three parallel bridge rectifier circuits, each including a diode and a switch module connected in series. Specifically, the diode is a high-frequency diode, and may be, for example, a power diode such as an ultrafast, fast recovery, SiC, or a body diode of a device such as an IGBT. The switch module adopts a power switch tube, for example, a MOS tube is adopted in the embodiment. Wherein the diode DaAnode and MOS tube TaAre connected to form an input terminal u of a bridge, a diode DbAnd MOS transistor TbAre connected to form an input terminal v of a bridge, a diode DcAnd MOS transistor TcAre connected to form the input terminal w of the bridge. Three diodes Da、Db、DcThe output end of the parallel negative pole is a positive pole, three MOS tubes and Ta，TbAnd TcThe output end is a negative electrode after the drain electrodes are connected in parallel.
It is understood that the switch module may adopt power devices such as IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), SiC, etc. in other embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the signal control module includes a regulated voltage regulation module 50, a pulse signal generator 60, and a driving module 70 connected in series. The driving module 70 includes three driving circuits connected in parallel, the pulse signal generator is configured to generate pulse signals and send the pulse signals to the three driving circuits, and output ends of the three driving circuits are connected to gates of MOS transistors in the three rectifier bridge circuits, respectively.
The voltage regulation module 50 includes a voltage processing module for receiving the divided voltage and the feedback voltage of the auxiliary power supply and sending the difference between the divided voltage and the feedback voltage to the control regulator V and a control regulatorCRIn (1). Auxiliary power supply VcProduced by partial pressure
After subtracting the feedback voltage profile, the subtracted voltage difference is fed to the control regulator VCRIn (1). Control regulator VCRThe output is sent to a pulse signal generator.
The pulse signal generator 60 may be a PWM generator or a PFM generator. The pulse signal generator 60 uses a special pulse width or frequency modulation chip, and its control circuit does not need the amplitude and frequency signal of the input voltage, and it only implements the voltage stabilization control for the output direct current signal.
The driving circuit can adopt a pulse transformer to isolate, amplify and drive a power switch device, or adopt an optical coupling to isolate, amplify and drive the power switch device, and only needs one level of auxiliary power at most because the power switch tube is in a common-ground structure.
The pulse signal output from the pulse signal generator 60 is divided into three paths and sent to three driving circuits, and the output ends of the three driving circuits are respectively connected with the MOS transistor TaMOS transistor TbAnd MOS transistor TcIs connected to the gate electrode. The pulse signals are amplified by the driving circuit and then input into the three MOS tubes to drive the three MOS tubes to be switched on and off.
Further, the bridgeless PFC circuit further includes a filtering module 40, and two ends of the filtering module 40 are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the three-phase rectifier bridge module 30. The filter module 40 includes a filter capacitor, and two poles of the filter capacitor are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the rectifier bridge to output a dc voltage.
As shown in fig. 4, in phase A for a positive half cycle (t)1To t2) The time interval is taken as an example for explanation, and the working flow of the bridgeless PFC circuit is as follows:
suppose that: inductor current operating in inductor current discontinuous mode (DCM mode), t1Initial time of day, ia(t1)＝ib(t1)＝ic(t1)＝0；
t1After the moment, the MOS transistor Ta，Tb，TcAre simultaneously conducted due to Ua>0，Ub<0，Uc>Phase i of 0, A currenta(t) and B-phase current ib(t) through the loop N → Va→La→Ta→Tb→ body diode → Lb→Vb→ N, to give LaAnd LbCharging, C phase current ic(t) and B-phase current ib(t) through the loop N → Vc→Lc→Tc→Tb→ body diode → Lb→Vb→ N, to give LcAnd LbCharging, at this time ia(t)>0，ib(t)<0,ic(t)>0; that is, at this time, ia(t)，ib(t)，ic(t) and Va(t)，Vb(t)，VcAnd (t) phases are respectively corresponding, namely, the phase tracking is realized.
t12Time of day, MOS transistor Ta，Tb，TcTurn off, since the inductor current cannot abruptly change, so i at this timea(t)，ib(t) and ic(t) the direction of the current remains unchanged, ia(t) and ib(t) through the loop N → Va→La→Da→ load → Tb→ body diode → Lb→Vb→ follow current of N, ic(t) and ib(t) through the loop N → Vc→Lc→Dc→ load → Tb→ body diode → Lb→Vb→ follow current of N, ia(t)，ib(t)，ic(t) the current decreases but the current direction does not change, and phase tracking is achieved. t is t13Before time ia(t)，ib(t)，ic(t) are all reduced to zero, which creates conditions for the phase tracking of the next switching period.
(2) When the inductive current works in an inductive current discontinuous mode (DCM mode), the phase of the input filter current is consistent with that of the input voltage, and the high power factor of the input end is realized.
(3) The inductor design ensures that the input current works in a DCM mode, the phase and the frequency of the input voltage do not need to be detected, and the phase tracking can be realized, so that the technical problems of large frequency tracking change range and medium-frequency phase-locked tracking are solved.
In order to further explain the working principle and effect of the present invention, the circuit is simulated, and the simulation parameters are as follows:
input voltage: three-phase alternating current with effective value of 115V/400 Hz;
output power: 18 kW;
output voltage: 650V;
an output filter capacitor: 200 μ F.
As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the waveform is a bridgeless PFC simulation waveform in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein L isa＝Lb＝LcL56 μ H, | M | 19 μ H, | k | 19/56 ≈ 0.34. FIG. 5a shows the phase current waveform, and FIG. 5b shows the corresponding phase voltage waveform, with a power factor of 0.92 and a peak current IM75A, single-phase inductive magnetic ApThe values are:
comparative example 1
The simulation waveform of a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge formed by traditional diodes is shown in fig. 6a and 6b, wherein 6a is a phase current waveform, 6b is a corresponding phase voltage waveform, the current is a pulse wave, and PF is 0.6-0.7. In it, three traditional separated inductors are adopted, and L is takena＝Lb＝L c150 muH, switching frequency fs50kHz, the input current and voltage simulation waveform can be obtained, the power factor PF is approximately equal to 0.92, and the peak current I is equal toMThe magnetic core A can be known by calculation and table look-up as 75ApThe value is about 146.7cm4。
Comparative example 2
The three-phase bridgeless PFC simulation waveform obtained by adopting the circuit topology structure (figure 1) in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 7a and 7b, the inductance used by the three-phase bridgeless PFC simulation waveform is three separated inductances without coupling relation, wherein La＝Lb＝Lc＝L＝150μH，Mab＝Mba＝Mac＝Mca＝Mbc＝M cb0, power device operating frequency fsAt 50kHz, fig. 7a shows the phase current waveform, fig. 7b shows the corresponding phase voltage waveform, with a power factor of 0.92, and a peak current IM75A, single-phase inductance LaArea product of magnetic core
Wherein, B is the working magnetic flux of the iron-silicon-aluminum magnetic core, B is 0.3T, J is the current-carrying density of the sectional area of the lead, and J is 300A/cm2，kuFor window utilization factor, take ku＝0.4。
According to simulation test can know, under the condition that reaches the same effect, the embodiment of the utility model provides an integrated coupling inductance can effectively reduce volume, the quality of iron core, improve the power density of device.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following characteristic innovation and beneficial effect have:
(1) the utility model does not need to detect the technical scheme of input frequency, phase and phase tracking, and has the advantages of simple control, easy realization and the like;
(2) in order to realize high power factor, a PWM (pulse-width modulation) mode and a PFM (pulse-frequency modulation) mode can be adopted in design and control, and the input inductive current can work in a discontinuous mode (DCM) in the PWM mode; the input inductive current can work in a critical + discontinuous mode (BCM + DCM) in a PFM modulation mode, and the current stress of a power switch device can be reduced in both modes;
(3) compared with a separated inductor, the three-phase coupling integrated inductor can reduce inductance, reduce Ap value of magnetism, and reduce volume and inductance distribution.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A bridgeless PFC circuit based on three-phase coupled inductors is characterized by comprising:
the three-phase coupling integrated inductor module comprises three inductor modules connected in parallel, and the input ends of the three inductor modules are connected with a three-phase input power supply;
the three-phase rectifier bridge module comprises three rectifier bridge circuits connected in parallel, each rectifier bridge circuit comprises a diode and a switch module which are connected in series, and three output ends of the three-phase coupling integrated inductor module are respectively connected to the middle point of the rectifier bridge circuit;
the output end of the signal control module is connected with the switch modules of the rectifier bridge circuits, the signal control module is used for generating and outputting three paths of pulse signals, and the three paths of signals output by the signal control module are respectively used for controlling the on-off of the switch modules of the three rectifier bridge circuits.
2. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 1, wherein the switching module employs a power switching tube.
3. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 2, wherein in each of the rectifier bridge circuits, a gate of the power switch tube is connected to an output terminal of the signal control module, a collector or a gate of the power switch tube is connected to an anode of the diode, and a cathode of the diode is connected in parallel to form an anode of the output terminal, and an emitter or a drain of the power switch tube is connected in parallel to form a cathode of the output terminal.
4. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 2, wherein the switching module is any one of a MOS transistor, an IGBT or SiC.
5. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 1, wherein coupling coefficients of three of the inductive modules
6. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 1, wherein inductances of three of the inductance modules satisfy a condition:
La＝Lb＝Lc＝L；
the mutual inductance of the three inductance modules meets the condition:
Mab＝Mba＝Mac＝Mca＝Mbc＝Mcb＝M<0；
wherein L isa、LbAnd LcThe inductances of the three inductance modules a, b and c, respectively.
7. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 1, wherein the signal control module comprises a voltage stabilizing and regulating module, a pulse signal generator and a driving module which are connected in series, the voltage stabilizing and regulating module comprises a voltage processing module and a control regulator, the voltage processing module is used for receiving a divided voltage and a feedback voltage of an auxiliary power supply and sending a difference value of the divided voltage and the feedback voltage to the control regulator, the driving module comprises three driving circuits which are connected in parallel, the pulse signal generator is used for generating pulse signals and sending the pulse signals to the three driving circuits respectively, and output ends of the three driving circuits are connected with switching modules of the three rectifier bridge circuits respectively.
8. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 7, wherein the pulse signal generator is a PWM signal generator or a PFM signal generator.
9. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 1, further comprising a filter module, wherein two ends of the filter module are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the three-phase rectifier bridge module.
10. The bridgeless PFC circuit of claim 9, wherein the filtering module comprises a filtering capacitor.
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