CN213906308U - Ship power supply system of dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage - Google Patents

Ship power supply system of dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage Download PDF

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CN213906308U
CN213906308U CN202022407842.2U CN202022407842U CN213906308U CN 213906308 U CN213906308 U CN 213906308U CN 202022407842 U CN202022407842 U CN 202022407842U CN 213906308 U CN213906308 U CN 213906308U
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energy storage
dynamic voltage
superconducting
power
power supply
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CN202022407842.2U
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刘伟涵
韩晨
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a boats and ships power supply system of dynamic voltage restorer based on superconductive energy storage, its constitution includes: the power generation system comprises power generators (11, 12, 13), a main distribution board (2), main propulsion motors (31, 32), other electric equipment (4), standby and auxiliary electric equipment (5), circuit breakers (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67) and dynamic voltage restorers (71, 72) based on superconducting energy storage, wherein the dynamic voltage restorers (71, 72) based on the superconducting energy storage are respectively additionally arranged on the main distribution board (2) and the main propulsion motors (31, 32). The technical effects of the utility model: due to the efficient and high-density energy storage characteristics of the superconducting magnet, the superconducting magnet can be used for a dynamic voltage restorer and provides active power for a system in the process of compensating voltage sag of the system. The superconducting magnetic energy storage is used for a dynamic voltage restorer, so that the energy flow of the device is completely controllable, the response speed is high, and the requirement on the dynamic power quality of a compensation system can be met.

Description

Ship power supply system of dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a boats and ships power supply system especially will be based on the dynamic voltage restorer of superconductive energy storage is applied to boats and ships power supply system.
Background
The power quality problem of the electrically propelled ship is caused by a plurality of reasons, and voltage and frequency deviation are typical power quality disturbance of an electric power system and are divided into transient state and non-transient state. The main cause of the deviation is switching action of a high-power switching device on a ship, and particularly, frequency deviation of a power system is caused. Such as during operation of the mooring winch, can cause large frequency deviations of the motor. The starting, stopping, etc. of high power motors also cause different types of power quality problems.
Hazards of electric power quality problems of electrically propelled ships: the voltage sag can cause the stator current of the asynchronous motor to be obviously increased, so that the temperature of a stator winding is increased, the insulation aging is accelerated, the service life of the motor is shortened, and the motor is burnt out in severe cases; the voltage sag causes the transmission power of the transmission line to be reduced, so that the system frequency is unstable.
When the three phases of voltage are unbalanced, the influence is generated on an induction motor, a transformer, a current converter and the like, for example, the induction motor generates vibration, the copper loss is increased and the like; the utilization rate of the transformer is reduced, the local part is heated, the service life of the transformer is shortened, and the like; the rectifying device generates larger non-characteristic harmonic waves, so that other equipment of the system is damaged; to cause malfunction of a protection device of a system.
Harmonic waves enable a ship power grid line to form harmonic voltage drop, and active power and reactive power loss are generated; when higher harmonic current flows through the capacitor, the temperature of the capacitor rises, and when the higher harmonic current is serious, the capacitor is broken down and even exploded; the rectifying device can generate harmonic waves and can also draw the harmonic waves from a power grid to cause angular displacement of a control system, so that a thyristor fails, and running errors of a controller and the like are caused; the harmonics can also cause interference to communication systems, damage navigation equipment and other electronic devices, and seriously jeopardize the safety of the ship.
In addition, since the ship power system is an independent and small-capacity power grid, when the ship power grid is simultaneously subjected to multiple interferences, the power quality of the ship power system will be deteriorated even if the power quality index meets the relevant regulations of the classification society.
Based on the consideration of the actual situation of the electric energy quality phenomenon of the ship electric power system, the electric energy quality disturbance of the ship electric power system is eliminated by adopting a targeted circuit design, so that the design and construction cost of the ship can be reduced, and the economical efficiency and the reliability of the operation of the ship can be improved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the technical problems, a technical scheme for solving the technical problems is provided, and specifically the technical scheme is as follows:
a ship power supply system of a dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage comprises the following components: generators 11, 12, 13; a main switchboard 2, main propulsion motors 31, 32; other consumers 4, backup and auxiliary consumers 5, circuit breakers 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67; the dynamic voltage restorer 71, 72 based on superconducting energy storage is characterized in that: dynamic voltage restorers 71 and 72 based on superconducting energy storage are respectively installed on the main switchboard 2 and the main propulsion motors 31 and 32.
The superconducting energy storage based dynamic voltage restorer 71 and 72 consists of: the superconducting magnet comprises a series transformer, a voltage source type current transformer, a chopper and a superconducting magnet.
The dynamic voltage restorers 71 and 72 based on the superconducting energy storage are connected with a power supply system by adopting three-phase four-bridge arms.
The voltage source type converter adopts a voltage source type series connection multiple converter.
The technical effects of the utility model:
a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (Dynamic Voltage Restorer-DVR) is a novel series compensation device, is connected between a power supply and a sensitive load through a series transformer, can effectively compensate the power quality problems of Voltage sag, Voltage bulge, short-time Voltage interruption and the like, and improves the power supply reliability and the power quality.
Due to the efficient and high-density energy storage characteristics of the superconducting magnet, the superconducting magnet can be used for a dynamic voltage restorer and provides active power for a system in the process of compensating voltage sag of the system. The superconducting magnetic energy storage is used for a dynamic voltage restorer, so that the energy flow of the device is completely controllable, the response speed is high, and the requirement on the dynamic power quality of a compensation system can be met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a composition diagram of a ship power supply system based on a superconducting energy storage dynamic voltage restorer.
Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a dynamic voltage restorer and system connection.
Fig. 4 is a voltage source type series multiplexing converter.
In the figure: 11, 12 and 13 are generators; 2 is a main distribution board; 31, 32 are main propulsion motors; 4 is other electric equipment; 5 is standby and auxiliary electric equipment; 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 are circuit breakers; 71, 72 are dynamic voltage restorers based on superconducting energy storage.
Detailed Description
1. The following description will further describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A ship power supply system of a dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage comprises the following components: generators 11, 12, 13; a main switchboard 2, main propulsion motors 31, 32; other consumers 4, backup and auxiliary consumers 5, circuit breakers 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67; superconducting energy storage based dynamic voltage restorer 71, 72. Dynamic voltage restorers 71 and 72 based on superconducting energy storage are respectively installed on the main switchboard 2 and the main propulsion motors 31 and 32. As shown in fig. 1.
The superconducting energy storage based dynamic voltage restorer 71 and 72 consists of: the superconducting magnet comprises a series transformer, a voltage source type current transformer, a chopper and a superconducting magnet. As shown in fig. 2.
The dynamic voltage restorers 71 and 72 based on the superconducting energy storage are connected with a power supply system by adopting three-phase four-bridge arms. As shown in fig. 3.
The voltage source type converter adopts a voltage source type series connection multiple converter. As shown in fig. 4.
2. Ship generator set
The ship generator set generally comprises a common ship diesel generator set and an emergency ship diesel generator.
The method is widely applied to ship power supplies. According to the function division: the system comprises a common generator set, an automatic generator set, a monitoring generator set, an automatic switching generator set and an automatic parallel operation generator set.
The ship generator set is widely applied to various ships, and can be used as a main power supply and a standby power supply. The Doukang ship double-starting unit is widely applied to ships with special purposes, adopts a storage battery and compressed air double-energy starting mode, and ensures that the starting is successful and reliable under any condition. It is a four-stroke cycle. There are water cooling and air cooling.
The marine generator set can be divided into YZ series, 226B series, 615 series, 160 series, 170 series, M26 series, CW200 series and other sets. Each series of units can be widely applied to various ships as a main power supply and a standby emergency power supply.
The ship generator set can provide ship detection certificates of CCS of China Classification society, ZY of China Fishery inspection bureau, BV of French Classification society and RRR of Russian Classification society according to the quality management system of ISO 9001.
3. Marine circuit breaker
The electric appliance is used for the electric appliance on the ship. With the increasing electrification and automation degree of ships, the power of ship power stations is larger and larger, and the functions of ship power distribution appliances (such as various fuses, circuit breakers and the like) are more and more important. In addition, various power equipment for ships, such as steering engines, anchor machines, cargo lifts, cable winders and the like, have high requirements on ship control electrical appliances (such as various contactors, relays, controllers, master control electrical appliances, resistors, varistors and the like) used in electric towing of the ship due to complex working conditions and large load change.
A moving contact used on a ship is closed with a fixed contact on the left side to be connected with a circuit. When the relay is impacted strongly, the two steel balls absorb impact energy to generate force moving towards the middle and push the jumper to move along the direction of an arrow A, and the lower end of the jumper presses the contact, so that the bouncing movement of the moving contact or the false operation of jumping off the static contact are limited, and the contact system is ensured to work reliably under the condition of impact.
4. Main distribution board
The main distribution board is a combination of a switching device and a control device, which is used for generating ship power from a ship main power supply and distributing all power loads used for normal navigation and life of the ship, and is also called a main distribution board or a main distribution board. The electric energy generated by the ship main generator is supplied to an electric energy user through the main distribution board.
The main switchboard generally consists of four parts, namely a generator control panel, a parallel operation panel, a load panel and a busbar (connecting bus).
(1) Generator control panel
The generator control screens are used for controlling, regulating, monitoring and protecting the generator sets, and each generator set is required to be provided with an independent control screen. It includes main switch and operation device of generator, indicator light and instrument, generator excitation control and protection device. The generator control panel is generally designed into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part. The upper part is provided with a voltmeter, an ammeter, a frequency meter, a power factor meter and other measuring instruments, a change-over switch, an indicator light and the like; the middle part is provided with a main power switch, an electromagnetic button, an indicator light and the like; heavier equipment such as a phase compound excitation transformer, a phase shifting reactor and the like in the automatic excitation regulation and control device of the generator are arranged below the generator so as to be convenient to maintain. The control panel is also provided with a reverse power relay and a mutual inductor for instruments.
(2) Parallel screen
If the power generating set is larger than a plurality of main power distributions, a parallel operation screen is generally arranged for facilitating parallel operation. And the parallel screen is used for performing parallel operation, splitting operation and the like of the alternating current generator set. It includes synchronous meter, synchronous indicator lamp, switching sequence selection and change-over switch, operation button and state display indicator lamp. Some of the electric car is also provided with a busbar sectional isolating switch, a coarse synchronization parallel operation reactor, an automatic parallel operation device and the like. And meanwhile, a speed regulating switch, a closing button and a tripping button of each generator are also arranged on the parallel screen.
(3) Load screen
The load panel is used for distributing electric energy and monitoring, controlling and protecting each feeder line. The electrical energy is supplied to the consumers or the distribution boxes via the supply switches which are installed on the load lines. Each feeder line is controlled and protected by an automatic switch on the load panel, which is usually a built-in automatic air circuit breaker.
The load panel is usually provided with a voltmeter, an ammeter, a change-over switch, an insulation indicator lamp, a megohmmeter, a shore power switch connected with a shore power box and the like. Some power load screens are also provided with a combined starting device of an important pump.
The lighting load is concentrated on a separate screen, called the lighting load screen, on which the lighting transformer switch, the voltmeter, the ammeter and the transfer switch are mounted.
(4) Bus bar
The bus bar is a conductor which is commonly connected with all the panels of the main distribution board, is arranged in the main distribution board and is three flat copper bars which traverse the main distribution board. The three phases are alternating A (green), B (yellow) and C (brown). Some busbars are divided into two or more sections by isolating switches, and the disconnection of the isolating switches can carry out power-off maintenance on part of equipment without interrupting the power supply of other important equipment.
The main distribution board mainly has the following 4 functions:
(1) receiving power supply of a main generator set power supply and a shore power supply;
(2) controlling the main generator and displaying relevant parameters of the operation of the main generator;
(3) directly supplying power to important loads;
(4) power is distributed to the power and lighting equipment.
5. Electric propulsion system arrangement
Compared with the conventional propelling ship, the electric propelling ship has the biggest characteristic that the speed control of the diesel engine is changed into the speed control of the motor, so that the diesel engine can run in a high-efficiency working condition for a long time. The 2 full-rotation rudder propeller propellers of the ship serving as a main propeller are driven by an asynchronous motor, the rated rotating speed of the asynchronous motor is 1000r/min, 24-pulse rectification is adopted by a frequency converter, an inverter is an IGBT transistor, and AC-DC-AC voltage type variable frequency speed regulation can realize stable speed regulation of the motor and simultaneously keep larger torque when the motor is at low speed. The power of the full-rotation rudder propeller is 2200KW, the input rotating speed is 1000r/min, and the parameters are consistent with those of the main propulsion motor; the power of the lifting type full-rotation rudder propeller is 1000KW, the input rotating speed is 1000r/min, an AFE filtering circuit, an IGBT transistor rectifying circuit and an IGBT transistor inversion control circuit are adopted, and harmonic waves generated by frequency conversion are smaller.
6. Dynamic voltage restorer based on magnetic energy storage system
6.1 dynamic Voltage restorer based on magnetic energy storage System
The basic structure of the dynamic voltage restorer based on the magnetic energy storage system is shown in fig. 2, and a main circuit comprises a superconducting magnet, a DC-DC chopper, a voltage source type converter, an output filter, a series transformer and the like. The analysis of the current transformer for the magnetic energy storage system shows that when the current source type current transformer is adopted, the current output at the alternating current side of the current transformer can be controlled by directly modulating the current of the superconducting magnet, so that the power exchange between the superconducting magnet and the alternating current system is realized. The superconducting magnet directly participates in power regulation of the magnetic energy storage system, the power output is related to magnet current parameters, and parameters and dynamic behaviors of the magnet also have great influence on the output power. Therefore, the dynamic voltage restorer based on the magnetic energy storage system adopts a structure of a voltage source type converter and a chopper, the superconducting magnet maintains the stability of the capacitance voltage on the direct current side through the chopper, the output voltage on the alternating current side is controlled by matching with the converter, the compensation of the system voltage is realized, and the parameters and the dynamic behavior of the superconducting magnet have no direct influence on the output voltage of the dynamic voltage restorer.
6.2 Voltage Source converter of dynamic Voltage restorer
The dynamic voltage restorer converter unit is essentially a voltage source with dynamically controllable amplitude and phase. As a core link of the dynamic voltage compensation device, the dynamic voltage restorer has two basic requirements on the converter unit: firstly, in order to reduce or avoid secondary pollution to a power grid, the output voltage waveform quality is ensured to be good under any output voltage amplitude, and various harmonic waves can be effectively inhibited; secondly, in order to realize dynamic compensation of the voltage quality problem, good dynamic response speed is required, and when the voltage fault occurs in the power grid, a compensation instruction of the detection control unit is required to be quickly responded.
The dynamic voltage restorer is mainly a dynamic electric energy compensation device for a medium and low voltage distribution network, and the dynamic voltage restorer device can be divided into two types according to a compensation mode: a dynamic voltage restorer based on phase voltage compensation and a dynamic voltage restorer based on line voltage compensation. The dynamic voltage restorer based on line voltage compensation is coupled with each other, and can only output three-phase balanced line voltage, so that the unbalanced voltage quality problem in a power grid is difficult to completely compensate. The dynamic voltage restorer based on phase voltage compensation has the advantages that phases are independent, the amplitude and the phase of output voltage of each phase can be controlled respectively, and the dynamic voltage restorer is suitable for various power grid voltage quality problems including unbalanced faults.
A neutral point ungrounded system is generally adopted in a medium-voltage distribution network in China, and a plurality of loads in the power network, such as a high-power synchronous motor and the like, adopt a three-phase three-wire system wiring mode and only require that line voltage does not deviate from a nominal value, so that the dynamic voltage restorer based on line voltage compensation can be used for compensating the voltage fluctuation of the power network. A three-phase three-wire system half-bridge converter structure is generally adopted in a dynamic voltage restorer converter unit based on line voltage compensation, the number of required power devices is small, the structure is compact, and a step-up transformer and a power grid system are mostly adopted for coupling. A certain coupling relation exists between three-phase outputs of a half bridge of the three-phase three-wire system converter, and only two independent voltages are generated, namely, independent control of each phase voltage cannot be realized, so that the three-phase three-wire system converter is not suitable for a dynamic voltage restorer based on phase voltage compensation.
The utility model discloses a four bridge arm converters of three-phase utilize the fourth bridge arm to form the mid point, through star connection's transformer and system coupling to link together the dynamic voltage restorer mid point of transformer and the mid point of fourth bridge arm, as shown in fig. 3.
6.3 Voltage Source converter of magnetic energy storage System
When the voltage source type converter is used in the situations of high capacity and high voltage level, a series connection multiple structure is adopted, and a basic circuit of the voltage source type series connection multiple converter is shown in fig. 4. The topological form of the series connection of the transformers has good performance and low switching frequency, but a huge transformer is needed.

Claims (4)

1. A ship power supply system of a dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage comprises the following components: generator (11, 12, 13), main switchboard (2), main propulsion motor (31, 32), other consumers (4), backup and auxiliary consumers (5), circuit breaker (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67), dynamic voltage restorer (71, 72) based on superconducting energy storage, characterized in that: dynamic voltage restorers (71, 72) based on superconducting energy storage are respectively additionally arranged on the main distribution board (2) and the main propulsion motors (31, 32).
2. The vessel power supply system based on the superconducting energy storage dynamic voltage restorer of claim 1, wherein: the composition of the superconducting energy storage based dynamic voltage restorer (71, 72) is as follows: the superconducting magnet comprises a series transformer, a voltage source type converter, a chopper and a superconducting magnet.
3. The vessel power supply system based on the superconducting energy storage dynamic voltage restorer of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the dynamic voltage restorer (71, 72) based on the superconducting energy storage is connected with a power supply system by adopting a three-phase four-bridge arm.
4. The vessel power supply system of the superconducting energy storage based dynamic voltage restorer according to claim 2, wherein: the voltage source type converter adopts a voltage source type series connection multiple converter.
CN202022407842.2U 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 Ship power supply system of dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage Expired - Fee Related CN213906308U (en)

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CN202022407842.2U CN213906308U (en) 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 Ship power supply system of dynamic voltage restorer based on superconducting energy storage

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