CN213841404U - Multi-pipe heat exchanger and heat pump unit - Google Patents
Multi-pipe heat exchanger and heat pump unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN213841404U CN213841404U CN202022806960.0U CN202022806960U CN213841404U CN 213841404 U CN213841404 U CN 213841404U CN 202022806960 U CN202022806960 U CN 202022806960U CN 213841404 U CN213841404 U CN 213841404U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a multi-pipe heat exchanger and a heat pump unit, wherein the multi-pipe heat exchanger comprises a shell and at least two groups of heat transfer pipe groups, each group of heat transfer pipe group comprises at least two heat exchange pipes, and the heat exchange pipes spirally revolve along the axial direction; the heat exchange tubes in each heat transfer tube group are stacked from inside to outside along the radial direction, and different heat transfer tube groups are sequentially arranged along the axial direction; the heat pump unit comprises the multi-pipe heat exchanger. The multi-pipe heat exchanger of the utility model optimizes the pipe winding mode in the axial side-by-side and radial stacking modes, can improve the heat exchange efficiency, adopts multi-pipe system to reduce the wall thickness of the heat exchange pipe, reduces the cost and has wider application range; the heat pump unit adopts the multi-tube heat exchanger, so that the heat pump unit is more convenient to install and lower in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a indirect heating equipment technical field especially relates to a multitube heat exchanger and heat pump set.
Background
The multi-tube heat exchanger is one of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and is a dividing wall type heat exchanger with the wall surface of a heat exchange tube bundle sealed in a tube body as a heat transfer surface. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger has a simple structure, a wide circulation section and low scaling tendency, can be used in high-temperature and high-pressure environments, and is widely applied to central air conditioners, heat pump units and the like.
In the multi-tube heat exchanger, two fluids, namely cold fluid and hot fluid for heat exchange flow in a heat exchange tube, and the fluids are called tube pass fluid; the other flows outside the heat exchange tubes and is called shell-side fluid. A multitube heat exchanger, i.e., a heat exchanger having a plurality of heat exchange tubes disposed within a housing. However, the number of the existing single multi-tube heat exchangers is limited, and when heat exchange equipment for refrigeration/heating such as a heat pump unit and the like requires a large number of heat exchangers, the heat exchangers need to be connected in parallel for use, but the defects of large volume, limited external machine space, multiple shells and high cost exist in the case of connecting the heat exchangers in parallel.
In the existing multi-tube heat exchanger, the number of heat exchange tubes is increased in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of a single heat exchanger, but when the number of the heat exchange tubes is large, the consistency of the heat exchange performance of each heat exchange tube is difficult to ensure when the tubes are wound; in addition, the heat exchange tubes of the existing multi-tube heat exchanger are thick, and the bending radius is large when the heat exchange tubes are wound, so that the diameter of a central cylinder of the heat exchanger is large, a large amount of space in a shell is occupied, and the number of the heat exchange tubes is limited.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides an aim at: the multi-pipe heat exchanger has the advantages of improved heat exchange efficiency, reduced cost and wider application range.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a another aim at: the heat pump unit is provided, the multi-pipe heat exchanger with higher heat exchange efficiency is adopted, the installation is more convenient, and the cost is lower.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
a multi-tube heat exchanger comprises a cylindrical shell and at least two groups of heat transfer tube groups, wherein each group of heat transfer tube group comprises at least two heat exchange tubes, and the heat exchange tubes are spirally wound along the axial direction of the shell; at least two groups of heat transfer pipe groups are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the shell; and the heat exchange tubes in each group of heat transfer tube groups are arranged in a stacking manner from inside to outside along the radial direction of the shell.
Preferably, the device further comprises an inner cylinder arranged in the shell, and the inner cylinder and the shell are coaxially arranged; the heat exchange tube spirally surrounds the outer wall of the inner barrel, and the heat exchange tube extends along the axial direction.
Preferably, the number of the heat exchange tubes in each group of the heat exchange tube groups is the same.
Preferably, the heat exchange tubes have the same tube diameter.
Preferably, the heat exchanger comprises two groups of heat transfer pipe groups, wherein one group of heat transfer pipe is a first group of heat transfer pipe, and the other group of heat transfer pipe is a second group of heat transfer pipe.
Preferably, each group of heat transfer tube group comprises three or more heat exchange tubes, and the heat exchange tubes are copper tubes.
Preferably, in the radial direction, adjacent circles of heat exchange tubes in the same heat transfer tube group are mutually abutted; in the axial direction, the projections of the heat exchange tubes in the same group of the heat exchange tube groups have overlapping parts.
Preferably, the system further comprises a first shunt and a second shunt;
the shell is provided with at least two groups of water inlet groups and at least two groups of water outlet groups; each water inlet group comprises a plurality of water inlet openings, and each water outlet group comprises a plurality of water outlet openings; different water inlet groups are axially arranged at intervals, and different water outlet groups are axially arranged at intervals;
the first flow divider comprises a first inlet and a plurality of first connecting ports, and the first connecting ports are connected with the water inlet openings; the second flow divider comprises a second inlet and a plurality of second connecting ports, and the second connecting ports are connected with the water outlet openings.
Preferably, the plurality of heat exchange tubes are the same in size in the axial direction.
A heat pump unit comprises the multi-pipe heat exchanger.
The utility model has the advantages that: according to the multi-pipe heat exchanger, the pipe winding mode is optimized in an axial side-by-side and radial stacking mode, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, the wall thickness of the heat exchange pipe can be reduced by adopting multi-pipe, the cost is reduced, and the application range is wider; the heat pump unit adopts the multi-tube heat exchanger, so that the heat pump unit is more convenient to install and lower in cost.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a side view of a multi-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a partial view of the internal structure of the multi-tube heat exchanger according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a multi-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is another angular side view of a multi-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 10. a housing; 201. a heat exchange pipe; 21. a first heat transfer tube set; 22. a second heat transfer tube group; 30. an inner barrel; 41. a first splitter; 4101. a water inlet pipe; 411. a first water inlet pipe group; 412. a second water inlet pipe group; 42. a second flow splitter; 4201. a water outlet pipeline; 421. a first water outlet pipe group; 422. and the second water outlet pipe group.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and technical effects achieved by the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "fixed" are to be understood broadly, e.g. as a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the existing multi-tube heat exchanger, 2-3 copper tubes are spirally wound in each shell 10, water flows through a tube pass, a refrigerant flows through a shell pass, the maximum number of pieces of a single heat exchanger is 12P, the maximum number of pieces of the single heat exchanger is limited, and if refrigeration (heat pump) equipment of about 25P is manufactured, two heat exchangers of 12P are required to be connected in parallel; if a 30P plant is manufactured, 4 heat exchangers of 7P are needed in parallel.
The reason why the number of individual heat exchangers is limited is as follows: firstly, the pipe winding mode is unreasonable, and the heat exchange efficiency is limited; secondly, the diameter of the shell 10 is limited, the larger the diameter of the shell 10 is, the smaller the pressure bearing capacity of the shell is under the same thickness; thirdly, the size is not optimized enough, the heat exchange tube 201 is thick, the radius is large when the heat exchange tube 201 is bent spirally, the diameter of the central cylinder is large, a large amount of space in the shell is occupied, the space between the central cylinder and the shell 10 is limited, and the number of the heat exchange tubes 201 which can be arranged is limited.
The utility model provides a multi-pipe heat exchanger, it has optimized under the certain prerequisite of casing 10 volume, through the axial side by side, radial range upon range of mode optimization around the pipe mode, can improve heat exchange efficiency, adopts the multi-pipe system can reduce the heat exchange tube 201 wall thickness, reduce cost, and application scope is wider.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in an embodiment of the multi-tube heat exchanger of the present invention, the multi-tube heat exchanger includes: the heat exchanger comprises a shell 10 and at least two groups of heat transfer tube groups, wherein each group of heat transfer tube group comprises at least two heat exchange tubes 201, and the heat exchange tubes 201 spirally rotate along the axial direction; the heat exchange tubes 201 in each group of heat transfer tube groups are stacked from inside to outside in the radial direction, and the different heat transfer tube groups are arranged in sequence in the axial direction.
In this embodiment, the heat exchange tube 201 is a copper tube. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, a tube made of other materials may be used as the heat exchange tube 201.
The utility model discloses a multitube system heat exchanger adopts multiunit heat transfer nest of tubes, and different groups adopt the mode of arranging in proper order along the axial to arrange, also promptly, adopt the axial mode side by side to arrange. In this embodiment, the number of the heat transfer tube groups is two, one is a first heat transfer tube group 21, and the other is a second heat transfer tube group 22, the first heat transfer tube group 21 and the second heat transfer tube group 22 are axially arranged side by side, and are spirally wound together around the axis of the casing, and the first heat transfer tube group 21, the second heat transfer tube group 22, the first heat transfer tube group 21, and the second heat transfer tube group 22 … … are arranged in the axial direction.
In other embodiments, the number of the heat transfer tube groups may be three, three groups of heat transfer tube groups are spirally wound together side by side in the axial direction, and are arranged in the manner of the first heat transfer tube group 21, the second heat transfer tube group 22, the third heat transfer tube group, the first heat transfer tube group 21, the second heat transfer tube group 22, and the third heat transfer tube group … … in the axial direction; in other embodiments, the number of heat transfer tube banks may be greater than three.
By adopting the pipe winding mode that the multiple pipe groups are arranged along the axial direction, compared with a heat exchanger which only adopts one group of heat transfer pipe groups to extend and rotate along the axial direction, the angular velocity of the flowing of pipe pass fluid can be reduced, the water resistance in the pipe can be reduced, the length of a single heat exchange pipe 201 can be reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved. Such as: when a group of heat transfer tube groups are adopted, the heat transfer tube groups are wound around the outer wall of the inner barrel 30 along the axial direction until the heat transfer tube groups cover the outer wall of the inner barrel 30, and x turns need to be wound; when two groups of heat transfer tube groups are arranged and wound until the heat transfer tube groups cover the outer wall of the inner barrel 30, each group of heat transfer tube groups only needs to be wound for 1/2x turns; when three groups of heat transfer tube groups are arranged and wound until the heat transfer tube groups cover the outer wall of the inner tube 30, each group of heat transfer tube groups only needs to be wound 1/3x times.
The plurality of sets of heat exchange tube sets are arranged side by side in the axial direction, the tube pass of each heat exchange tube 201 is shortened, the problems that the temperature difference between tube pass fluid and shell pass fluid is small when the tube pass fluid flows to the tail end of the heat exchange tube 201, and the heat exchange efficiency of the tail end of the heat exchange tube 201 is greatly reduced can be solved, and the integral heat exchange efficiency can be ensured; moreover, the water resistance in each heat exchange pipe 201 is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The multi-tube heat exchanger in the prior art has the advantages that the maximum number of pieces of a single heat exchanger is limited (the number of pieces is positively correlated with the heat exchange efficiency), the existing tube winding mode is adopted, the number of the heat exchange tubes 201 is large, the winding radiuses of different heat exchange tubes 201 are different, the length and the water resistance of each heat exchange tube 201 are different, the residence time of tube pass fluid in each heat exchange tube 201 in the tube is sometimes different, and the heat exchange efficiency cannot reach the highest.
The utility model discloses a multi-tube heat exchanger optimizes the pipe winding mode, to the heat exchange tube 201 in the same heat transfer tube group, adopts along carrying out the mode of winding the pipe layer upon layer, and first circle heat exchange tube 201 winds around the central axis along radial spiral, and the heat exchange tube 201 of second circle winds around the periphery of first circle heat exchange tube 201 around the central axis in parallel; when the number of the heat exchange tubes 201 in the same heat transfer tube group is more than two, the heat exchange tubes 201 in the third circle are wound around the central axis in parallel on the periphery of the heat exchange tubes 201 in the second circle, and so on.
The tube winding mode of stacking the tubes along the radial direction is adopted, the tube winding and assembling are simple, although the lengths of the heat exchange tubes 201 of different circles are different, the winding radius of the heat exchange tubes 201 of the inner circle is smaller, the angular velocity of tube pass fluid flow is large, the water resistance is large, but the tube pass is short, and the influence of the water resistance increased by the large angular velocity can be counteracted; similarly, the winding radius of the heat exchange tube 201 of the outer ring is smaller, the angular velocity of the tube pass fluid flow is small, the water resistance is small, but the tube pass is long; so, the fluid velocity of flow of inner circle heat exchange tube 201 is slow slightly, but the tube side is shorter, but the fluid velocity of flow of outer lane heat exchange tube 201 is fast slightly, but the tube side is longer for the tube side fluid in the intraductal dwell time of the different heat exchange tubes 201 of same group heat transfer nest of tubes tends to unanimously, can realize the maximize of the heat transfer's of heat transfer nest of tubes efficiency, reaches better heat transfer effect. In the present embodiment, the heat exchanger further includes an inner tube 30, and the innermost heat exchanger 201 is spirally wound around the outer wall of the inner tube 30, and the heat exchanger 201 extends in the axial direction of the inner tube 30.
Further, the inner cylinder 30 is disposed coaxially with the housing 10.
In other embodiments, the inner barrel 30 may not be disposed in the middle of the innermost heat exchange tube 201.
The utility model discloses in, still improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger through following mode:
the diameter of the heat exchange tube 201 is reduced, so that the bearing capacity of the heat exchange tube 201 is increased, the wall thickness of the heat exchange tube 201 can be reduced, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, and the cost can be reduced; moreover, because the winding mode that the winding pipes are stacked along the radial direction and the winding pipes are arranged along the axial direction of the multi-pipe group is adopted, even if the diameter of the heat exchange pipe 201 is reduced, the number of the heat exchange pipes 201 can be increased in a limited space, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved;
a smaller diameter central cartridge is used to increase the size of the space inside the housing 10.
Further, in order to ensure the uniformity of the heat exchange efficiency of each group of heat transfer tubes, the residence time of the fluid in each heat exchange tube 201 is substantially uniform, so as to efficiently utilize the space in the casing 10, and the number of the heat exchange tubes 201 in each group of heat transfer tubes is uniform.
Further, in order to make the residence time of the fluid in each heat exchange tube 201 substantially uniform, the heat exchange tubes 201 having the same tube diameter are used.
Further, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, each heat transfer tube group comprises three or more heat exchange tubes 201.
Further, this heat exchanger includes a center section of thick bamboo, and a center section of thick bamboo includes inner tube 30 and the outer heat transfer nest of tubes of cover locating inner tube 30, under the certain prerequisite of casing 10 diameter, in order to guarantee the shell side space, to guarantee the effective interval between the heat exchange tube 201 of outer lane and the casing 10 inner wall, adopts following mode to arrange heat exchange tube 201:
in the radial direction, adjacent circles of heat exchange tubes 201 in the same group of heat transfer tube groups are mutually abutted; in the axial direction, the projections of the heat exchange tubes 201 in the same group of heat exchange tube groups have overlapping portions. Thus, the residence time of the fluid in the heat exchange tubes 201 in the same group is basically ensured to be basically consistent, and the distance between the central cylinder and the inner wall of the shell 10 can be increased.
Further, a first shunt 41 and a second shunt 42 are also included;
the shell 10 is provided with at least two groups of water inlet groups and at least two groups of water outlet groups; each group of water inlet groups comprises a plurality of water inlet openings, and each group of water outlet groups comprises a plurality of water outlet openings; different water inlet groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction, and different water outlet groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction;
the first flow divider 41 comprises a first inlet and a plurality of first connecting ports, and the first connecting ports are connected with the water inlet opening through a water inlet pipeline 4101; the second flow divider 42 comprises a second inlet and a plurality of second connection ports, and the second connection ports are connected with the water outlet opening through the water outlet pipe 4201. Through the arrangement of the first flow divider 41 and the second flow divider 42, the fluid inlet and outlet of the plurality of heat exchange tubes 201 are facilitated, and the efficiency is higher.
In this embodiment, the first flow divider 41 includes a first water inlet pipe group 411 and a second water inlet pipe group 412 which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction, the first water inlet pipe group 411 and the second water inlet pipe group 412 respectively include a plurality of water inlet pipes 4101 therein, and the water inlet pipes 4101 in the first water inlet pipe group 411 are connected with the heat exchange pipes 201 in the first heat transfer pipe group 21; the water inlet pipe 4101 in the second water inlet pipe group 412 is connected with the heat exchange pipe 201 in the second heat transfer pipe group 22; the second flow divider 42 comprises a first water outlet pipe group 421 and a second water outlet pipe group 422 which are axially arranged at intervals, the first water outlet pipe group 421 and the second water outlet pipe group 422 respectively comprise a plurality of water outlet pipes 4201, and the water outlet pipes 4201 in the first water outlet pipe group 421 are connected with the heat exchange pipes 201 in the first heat transfer pipe group 21; the outlet pipe 4201 in the second outlet pipe group 422 is connected with the heat exchange pipe 201 in the second heat transfer pipe group 22.
In this embodiment, the multi-tube heat exchanger is in use, with water entering through the bottom first flow splitter 41 and exiting through the top second flow splitter 42. It should be noted that the arrangement of the multi-tube heat exchanger should not be a limitation of the present invention.
Furthermore, the water inlet openings in each water inlet group are positioned in the same radial plane; the water outlet openings in each water outlet group are positioned in the same radial plane.
Further, the number of the water inlet openings in each water inlet group and the number of the water outlet openings in each water outlet group are the same as the number of the heat exchange tubes 201 in each heat transfer tube group.
Further, in order to improve the uniformity of the heat exchange efficiency of the plurality of heat exchange tubes 201, the plurality of heat exchange tubes 201 have the same size in the axial direction.
The utility model discloses a multi-pipe system heat exchanger adopts the winding mode after the optimization, and under the condition of consistent performance, the water resistance is smaller, taking 25P heat exchanger as an example, the water resistance can be reduced by 30% to 45%, and the heat exchange efficiency can be effectively improved; this multi-pipe system heat exchanger has improved the number of matches of single heat exchanger, has enlarged its application scope, and original casing 10 diameter is the biggest number of matches of 237 mm's heat exchanger and is 12P, and the utility model discloses a casing 10 diameter is 237 mm's multi-pipe system heat exchanger, and the biggest number of matches can reach 35P.
The utility model discloses still provide a heat pump set, this heat pump set includes the multitube heat exchanger in the above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment. By adopting the multi-pipe heat exchanger in any embodiment, the number of the single heat exchanger is increased, the application range is wider, the installation is more convenient, and the cost is lower.
In the description herein, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used in a descriptive sense and with reference to the illustrated orientation or positional relationship, and are used for convenience in description and simplicity in operation, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have any special meaning.
In the description herein, references to the description of "an embodiment," "an example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above with reference to specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without any inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-tube heat exchanger is characterized by comprising a cylindrical shell (10) and at least two groups of heat transfer tube groups, wherein each group of heat transfer tube group comprises at least two heat exchange tubes (201), and the heat exchange tubes (201) are spirally wound along the axial direction of the shell; at least two groups of heat transfer pipe groups are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the shell; and the heat exchange tubes (201) in each heat transfer tube group are arranged in a stacking manner from inside to outside along the radial direction of the shell.
2. A multi-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1 comprising two sets of heat transfer tube sets, one set being a first set (21) and the other set being a second set (22).
3. A multi-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising an inner tube (30) provided inside the housing (10), the inner tube (30) being provided coaxially with the housing (10); the heat exchange tube (201) spirally surrounds the outer wall of the inner barrel (30), and the heat exchange tube (201) extends along the axial direction.
4. A multi-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein the number of heat exchange tubes (201) in each group of heat transfer tube banks is the same.
5. A multi-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein the heat exchange tubes (201) are of the same tube diameter.
6. A multi-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein each group of heat transfer tube includes three or more heat exchange tubes (201), and the heat exchange tubes (201) are copper tubes.
7. A multi-tube heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein adjacent turns (201) of heat exchange tubes in the same group of the heat transfer tube groups are abutted against each other in the radial direction; in the axial direction, the projections of the heat exchange tubes (201) in the same group of the heat exchange tube groups have overlapping parts.
8. The multi-tube system heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a first flow divider (41) and a second flow divider (42);
the shell (10) is provided with at least two groups of water inlet groups and at least two groups of water outlet groups; each water inlet group comprises a plurality of water inlet openings, and each water outlet group comprises a plurality of water outlet openings; different water inlet groups are axially arranged at intervals, and different water outlet groups are axially arranged at intervals;
the first flow divider (41) comprises a first inlet and a plurality of first connecting ports, and the first connecting ports are connected with the water inlet openings; the second flow divider (42) comprises a second inlet and a plurality of second connecting ports, and the second connecting ports are connected with the water outlet openings.
9. A multi-tube heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the plurality of heat exchange tubes (201) are the same size in the axial direction.
10. A heat pump unit comprising a multi-tube heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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CN202022806960.0U CN213841404U (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Multi-pipe heat exchanger and heat pump unit |
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CN202022806960.0U CN213841404U (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Multi-pipe heat exchanger and heat pump unit |
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