CN213824692U - Wet-type oxidation micro-interface system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a wet-type oxidation micro-interface system, wet-type oxidation micro-interface system includes: the device comprises a waste water heat exchanger, a waste water heater and an oxidation reactor, wherein the waste water heat exchanger is provided with a material inlet, a material outlet, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet; the oxidized water from the oxidation reactor enters a waste water heat exchanger from a heat source inlet, and a material outlet is connected with a waste water heater; the middle area of the bottom surface of the oxidation reactor is upwards protruded to form a plane, liquid outlets are respectively arranged on the two side flat parts of the protruded plane of the bottom surface of the oxidation reactor, and a liquid inlet is arranged on the side wall of the oxidation reactor; the upper part in the oxidation reactor is provided with a liquid ejector, the bottom of the liquid ejector is a plane, the top of the liquid ejector is a semicircular arc surface, a plurality of injection ports are sequentially arranged on the semicircular arc surface, the injection direction of the injection ports faces the top of the oxidation reactor, and the liquid inlet is connected with the bottom of the liquid ejector through a pipeline. The wet oxidation micro-interface system saves the cost of cleaning and field operation.

Description

Wet-type oxidation micro-interface system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a wet oxidation field particularly, relates to a wet oxidation micro-interface system.

Background

At present, the wet oxidation technology generally has higher operation temperature and higher pressure, so that the requirements on equipment are higher, the energy consumption is high, the cost is high, the operation safety is also reduced, the equipment is easy to age and damage, the retention time of oxygen in a reactor in the reaction oxidation process is short, most of oxygen is floated out of the reactor without sufficient reaction, and the reaction efficiency is reduced, and the treatment cost is also increased.

In addition, the existing wet oxidation reactor needs a lot of manpower in the process of maintenance and cleaning, including the washing of the inside of the oxidation reactor through a manhole, the field operation of each pipeline valve, and the like. Therefore, the labor cost is improved, and the production safety is reduced.

In view of this, the present invention is especially provided.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a wet-type oxidation micro-interface system, this wet-type oxidation micro-interface system are through setting up the liquid jet ware in oxidation reactor, and the high-efficient breakage of water that washs oxidation reactor of liquid jet ware can become the micron order liquid drop on the one hand to collide oxidation reactor top through the sprayer and replace the manual work and wash, thereby reach the effect that improves the mass transfer.

In order to realize the above purpose of the utility model, the following technical scheme is adopted:

the utility model provides a wet-type oxidation micro-interface system, include: the device comprises a waste water heat exchanger, a waste water heater and an oxidation reactor, wherein the waste water heat exchanger is provided with a material inlet, a material outlet, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet; the oxidized water from the oxidation reactor enters the wastewater heat exchanger from the heat source inlet, and the material outlet is connected with the wastewater heater;

the middle area of the bottom surface of the oxidation reactor is upwards protruded to form a plane, liquid outlets are respectively arranged at the two side flat parts of the protruded plane of the bottom surface of the oxidation reactor, and a liquid inlet is arranged on the side wall of the oxidation reactor; the oxidation reactor is characterized in that a liquid ejector is arranged at the inner upper part of the oxidation reactor, the bottom of the liquid ejector is a plane, the top of the liquid ejector is a semicircular arc surface, a plurality of jet orifices are sequentially arranged on the semicircular arc surface, the jet direction of the jet orifices faces the top of the oxidation reactor, and the liquid inlet is connected with the bottom of the liquid ejector through a pipeline.

The utility model discloses a wet-type oxidation micro-interface system, concrete during operation send into waste water heat exchanger after the waste water prefilter earlier and carry out the heat transfer with the waste water that comes out from oxidation reactor through wet-type oxidation treatment, carry out further heating through waste water heater after the heat transfer again, and the waste water after the heating carries out oxidation treatment in sending into oxidation reactor, and oxidation reactor carries out careful washing to inside through the clear water that the jet spray came out earlier before work.

In the prior art, a great deal of manpower is needed in the process of overhauling and cleaning the wet oxidation reactor, and the process comprises the steps of entering the oxidation reactor through a manhole for washing, performing field operation on valves of various pipelines and the like. Therefore, the labor cost is improved, and the production safety is reduced.

The utility model discloses an improve wet-type oxidation micro-interface system's cleaning performance, provide a wet-type oxidation micro-interface system with specific structure, mainly rely on the jet that sets up on the semi-circular cambered surface to spray the in-process and carry out high-efficient breakage formation vaporific with wasing water to improve and spray the effect, also corresponding improvement mass transfer effect. Of course, the raw materials can be sprayed in the feeding process, and the raw materials are efficiently crushed into mist through the spraying openings, so that the contact area between the raw materials is increased, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the indexes such as the conversion rate and the yield of the raw materials are further improved.

In addition, the reason that the bottom central point of oxidation reactor put upwards protruding is for discharging the material efficient in the oxidation reactor from the liquid outlet, if the bottom is levelly and smoothly have few part material to remain, so best according to the utility model discloses a scheme is implemented and is put the central point of oxidation reactor bottom and upwards protruding being the plane. Of course, the bulge is in a semicircular arc shape, so that the possibility of liquid accumulation can be reduced. And the discharge port is arranged in a conical structure, so that the discharge of the materials can be accelerated.

Preferably, a mesh surface with a plurality of uniformly distributed micropores is laid in each spray opening.

The utility model discloses a liquid sprayer mainly follows up the liquid mouth and passes through the pipe connection, through introducing liquid sprayer with wasing water to spray away through the jet on the semi-circular cambered surface of liquid sprayer, so design into the structure of semi-circular cambered surface and be for improving the cleaning performance, guarantee to spray the washing water that goes out and can carry out the omnidirectional to oxidation reactor's wall and wash, preferably in addition, every a plurality of micropore's of equipartition wire side have been laid in the jet, the water that sprays away like this is smashed the dispersion back, becomes vaporific in order to improve the mass transfer effect, has also played the corresponding effect of micro-interface generator in other words.

Preferably, the liquid inlet is connected with the central position of the bottom of the liquid ejector through a pipeline, so that the entering liquid just enters from the middle of the liquid ejector, and the liquid can be ejected more uniformly.

Preferably, a stirring paddle is arranged at the central bulge of the bottom in the oxidation reactor to play a role in accelerating discharge. The bellied position sets up the stirring rake also is in order to improve fermentation product exhaust efficiency, can also promote fermentation efficiency through the stirring moreover.

In order to improve the stirring effect, the number of the stirring paddles is preferably two, and the stirring paddles are arranged at the convex plane at the bottom of the oxidation reactor side by side.

Preferably, the number of the liquid inlet is two, one of the liquid inlets is connected with the liquid ejector through a pipeline, and the other liquid inlet is arranged at a position close to the bottom of the oxidation reactor. When the inside of the oxidation reactor is cleaned, the effect of cleaning the upper part in the oxidation reactor can be achieved, and the effect of cleaning the lower part in the oxidation reactor can also be achieved.

Preferably, the utility model discloses can also set up little interface generator in oxidation reactor, little interface generator sets up under the liquid jet ware, use little interface generator and liquid jet ware jointly to improve the effect of the cooperation of each other between the two.

Preferably, the number of the micro-interface generators is two, and the micro-interface generators are arranged from top to bottom in sequence. The micro-interface generator is designed such that two micro-interface generators can be used in cooperation with each other, and the specific type thereof is preferably a pneumatic micro-interface generator because the pneumatic type is relatively low in cost and easy to install.

Preferably, two air inlets for entering compressed air are arranged on the side wall of the oxidation reactor, an air pressure device is connected to each air inlet, and each air inlet is connected with a corresponding micro-interface generator through a pipeline. After air or oxygen is compressed by the air compression device, the air or oxygen enters the micro-interface generator from the air inlet to be dispersed and crushed. And the air inlets are preferably in one-to-one correspondence with the micro-interface generators, so that the air inlet efficiency can be improved.

The micro-interface generator in the oxidation reactor breaks air into micro-bubbles with micron scale, and releases the micro-bubbles to the inside, so that the phase boundary mass transfer area between raw materials in the reaction process is increased, two phases are in full contact, the concentration of dissolved gas in a liquid phase is improved, the efficiency is improved, and the reaction time is shortened.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the micro-interface generator of the present invention has been embodied in the prior patents of the present invention, such as the patents having application numbers CN201610641119.6, CN201610641251.7, CN201710766435.0, CN106187660, CN105903425A, CN109437390A, CN205833127U and CN 207581700U. The detailed structure and operation principle of the micro bubble generator (i.e. micro interface generator) is described in detail in the prior patent CN201610641119.6, which describes that "the micro bubble generator comprises a body and a secondary crushing member, wherein the body is provided with a cavity, the body is provided with an inlet communicated with the cavity, the opposite first end and second end of the cavity are both open, and the cross-sectional area of the cavity decreases from the middle of the cavity to the first end and second end of the cavity; the secondary crushing member is disposed at least one of the first end and the second end of the cavity, a portion of the secondary crushing member is disposed within the cavity, and an annular passage is formed between the secondary crushing member and the through holes open at both ends of the cavity. The micron bubble generator also comprises an air inlet pipe and a liquid inlet pipe. "the specific working principle of the structure disclosed in the application document is as follows: liquid enters the micro-bubble generator tangentially through the liquid inlet pipe, and gas is rotated at a super high speed and cut to break gas bubbles into micro-bubbles at a micron level, so that the mass transfer area between a liquid phase and a gas phase is increased, and the micro-bubble generator in the patent belongs to a pneumatic micro-interface generator.

In addition, the first patent 201610641251.7 describes that the primary bubble breaker has a circulation liquid inlet, a circulation gas inlet and a gas-liquid mixture outlet, and the secondary bubble breaker communicates the feed inlet with the gas-liquid mixture outlet, which indicates that the bubble breakers all need to be mixed with gas and liquid, and in addition, as can be seen from the following drawings, the primary bubble breaker mainly uses the circulation liquid as power, so that the primary bubble breaker belongs to a hydraulic micro-interface generator, and the secondary bubble breaker simultaneously introduces the gas-liquid mixture into an elliptical rotating ball for rotation, thereby realizing bubble breaking in the rotating process, so that the secondary bubble breaker actually belongs to a gas-liquid linkage micro-interface generator. In fact, no matter be the hydraulic formula micro-interface generator, still gas-liquid linkage micro-interface generator all belongs to a specific form of micro-interface generator, however the utility model discloses the micro-interface generator who adopts is not limited to above-mentioned several kinds of forms, and the specific structure of the bubble breaker who records in the patent in advance is only one of them form that the micro-interface generator can adopt.

Furthermore, the prior patent 201710766435.0 states that the principle of the bubble breaker is that high-speed jet flows are used to achieve mutual collision of gases, and also states that the bubble breaker can be used in a micro-interface strengthening reactor to verify the correlation between the bubble breaker and the micro-interface generator; moreover, in the prior patent CN106187660, there is a related description on the specific structure of the bubble breaker, see paragraphs [0031] to [0041] in the specification, and the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the specific working principle of the bubble breaker S-2 in detail, the top of the bubble breaker is a liquid phase inlet, and the side of the bubble breaker is a gas phase inlet, and the liquid phase coming from the top provides the entrainment power, so as to achieve the effect of breaking into ultra-fine bubbles, and in the accompanying drawings, the bubble breaker is also seen to be of a tapered structure, and the diameter of the upper part is larger than that of the lower part, and also for better providing the entrainment power for the liquid phase.

Because the initial stage of earlier patent application, little interfacial surface generator just has just developed, so the early name is micron bubble generator (CN201610641119.6), bubble breaker (201710766435.0) etc. along with continuous technological improvement, later stage renames as little interfacial surface generator, now the utility model provides a little interfacial surface generator is equivalent to micron bubble generator, bubble breaker etc. before, and only the name is different.

To sum up, the utility model discloses a little interface generator belongs to prior art, and although some little interface generator belong to pneumatic little interface generator type, some little interface generator belong to hydraulic-type little interface generator type, still belong to gas-liquid linkage formula little interface generator type, but the difference between the type mainly selects according to the difference of concrete operating mode, is connected about little interface generator and reactor and other equipment in addition, including connection structure, hookup location, and decide according to little interface generator's structure, this does not do the injecing.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

(1) the wet oxidation micro-interface system of the utility model arranges the liquid ejector in the oxidation reactor, on one hand, the liquid ejector can efficiently crush the water for cleaning the oxidation reactor into micron-sized liquid drops, and the micron-sized liquid drops are cleaned by impacting the ejector above the oxidation reactor to replace manpower, and in addition, the liquid ejector can also efficiently crush the raw materials actually participating in the reaction into micron-sized liquid drops, thereby achieving the effect of improving the reaction mass transfer;

(2) the utility model discloses a wet-type oxidation micro-interface system can realize carrying out cooperation in coordination with liquid injector and micro-interface generator to make micro-interface generator break into micron yardstick's microbubble with the air, and release the microbubble inside, with the phase boundary mass transfer area between the raw materials in the increase reaction process, make double-phase abundant contact, improve the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase, raise the efficiency, shorten reaction time.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wet oxidation micro-interface system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mesh surface of a wet oxidation micro-interface system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the drawings:

10-an oxidation reactor; 101-liquid inlet;

102-a liquid outlet; 103-a liquid ejector;

1031-jet orifice; 1032-mesh side;

104-stirring paddle; 105-a micro-interface generator;

106-air inlet; 20-air compression means;

30-a waste water heat exchanger; 301-material inlet;

302-material outlet; 303-heat source inlet;

304-a heat source outlet; 40-a waste water heater.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In order to clarify the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is made in the form of specific embodiments.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1, a wet oxidation micro-interface system according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a waste water heat exchanger 30, a waste water heater 40, and an oxidation reactor 10; the waste water heat exchanger 30 is provided with a material inlet 301, a material outlet 302, a heat source inlet 303 and a heat source outlet 304; the oxidized water from the oxidation reactor enters the wastewater heat exchanger 30 from the heat source inlet 303, and the material outlet 302 is connected with the wastewater heater 40; a liquid ejector 103 and a micro-interface generator 105 are arranged in the oxidation reactor 10, the micro-interface generator 105 is just arranged right below the liquid ejector 103, a liquid inlet 101 is arranged on the side wall of the oxidation reactor 10, two air inlets 106 for compressed air to enter are also arranged, the liquid ejector 103 is connected with the liquid inlet 101 through a pipeline, the bottom plane of the liquid ejector 103 is provided with a semicircular cambered surface on the top surface, a plurality of injection ports 1031 are sequentially arranged on the semicircular cambered surface, the injection direction of the injection ports 1031 faces the top of the oxidation reactor 10, the liquid inlet 101 is connected with the bottom of the liquid ejector 103 through a pipeline, and is optimally connected with the center of the bottom of the liquid ejector 103, the liquid entering the liquid jet head 103 is broken into micro-droplets having a diameter of a micrometer scale and jetted from the jet port 1031 having a convex surface to collide with the top of the oxidation reactor for efficient cleaning. In order to improve the spraying effect, a mesh surface 1032 with a plurality of uniformly distributed micropores is laid in the spraying opening 1031, the number of the mesh surfaces 1032 is not limited, in order to spray the liquid in a mist form and improve the mass transfer effect, and the structure of the mesh surface 1032 is specifically shown in fig. 2.

The number of the micro interface generators is two, the micro interface generators are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the two air inlets 106 are both connected with the air compression device 20, and each air inlet 106 is connected with the corresponding micro interface generator through a pipeline.

The bottom of the oxidation reactor 10 is provided with a liquid outlet 102 for discharging the material accumulated at the bottom of the oxidation reactor 10. The bottom both sides of oxidation reactor 10 level and smooth, and central point puts the arch that makes progress and is the plane, levels the position in the both sides of oxidation reactor 10 bottom and is provided with respectively liquid outlet 102, liquid outlet 102 are used for the discharge waste liquid, and the protruding plane in oxidation reactor 10 bottom center is provided with stirring rake 104 in order to play the effect of arranging the material with higher speed, and the direction of blade is up to be used for the stirring when oxidation reactor 10 bottom is washed and is discharged the liquid, and the rotational speed can infinitely variable control. Preferably, the number of the stirring paddles is two, and the stirring paddles are arranged side by side at the raised plane at the bottom of the oxidation reactor 10.

In order to improve the mass transfer effect, two liquid inlets 101 are arranged on the side wall of the oxidation reactor 10, wherein one liquid inlet 101 is connected with the liquid ejector 103 through a pipeline, and the other liquid inlet 101 is arranged at a position close to the bottom of the oxidation reactor 10. This allows for efficient feed to various locations within oxidation reactor 10.

This embodiment also includes a PLC (or DCS, PLC and DCS) control system: is connected with a sensor of the oxidation reactor 10 and is used for intelligently controlling the process operation and parameters, thereby realizing the remote control of the production and conforming to the intellectualization of the production.

The utility model discloses wet-type oxidation micro-interface system's working process as follows:

(1) cleaning: the cleaning water above the oxidation reactor 10 is conveyed to the interior of the liquid ejector 103 through the liquid inlet 101, sprayed out through the spray opening 1031 on the arc surface, efficiently crushed into micron-sized (d is more than or equal to 1 mu m and less than 1mm) liquid drops through the mesh surface 1032, sprayed out from the spray opening 1031 protruding from the surface of the liquid ejector 103, collided with the top of the oxidation reactor 10 and cleaned above. The cleaned droplets form a liquid level at the bottom of the tank, and when the liquid level rises to the middle of the oxidation reactor 10, the upper water delivery valve is closed, and the stirring paddle 104 at the bottom is opened to 200 rpm. Because the installation direction of the blades of the stirring paddle 104 is downward, the liquid above the blades is pumped to the two sides below the blades, and vortexes are formed on the two sides of the stirring paddle 104, so that the two sides of the lower part of the oxidation reactor 10 are washed and cleaned. And simultaneously opening a water channel below, washing the side wall of the oxidation reactor by input water flow under the action of a stirring paddle 104, closing a water delivery valve after washing for 30min, reducing the rotating speed to 100rpm/min, discharging water through the liquid outlets 102 on two sides of the lower end of the oxidation reactor 10, closing the liquid outlets 102, and reducing the rotating speed to 50 rpm/min.

(2) The work is as follows: the waste water is sent into the waste water heat exchanger 30 from the material inlet 301 through the delivery pump for heat exchange, the waste water is sent out from the material outlet 302 and is further heated through the waste water heater 40, the heated waste water enters the oxidation reactor for oxidation treatment, the compressed air or the compressed oxygen compressed by the air compressor 20 is introduced from the side wall air inlet 106 of the oxidation reactor, the waste water is firstly treated by the micro-interface generator 105 and then undergoes oxidation reaction so as to improve the mass transfer efficiency of a phase interface, the top of the oxidation reactor is provided with an emptying port, and the purified water treated by the oxidation reactor enters the waste water heat exchanger 30 from the heat source inlet 303 to exchange heat with the waste water to be treated and then is sent out from the heat source outlet 304 for recycling.

The operation and technological parameters of the wet oxidation micro-interface system in the working process are completely controlled by a control system of a PLC (or a DCS, a PLC and a DCS), and the control system is connected with each sensor on the oxidation reactor 10, so that the automatic intelligent control is realized, and the labor cost is saved.

The reaction temperature of the oxidation reactor 10 is 200-220 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 2-3 MPa.

In the above embodiment, the number of the pump bodies is not specifically required, and the pump bodies may be arranged at corresponding positions as required.

In a word, the utility model discloses a scheme is through liquid injector and little interfacial generator's cooperation, has not only realized the dispersion breakage to the liquid phase, has also realized the dispersion breakage to the gaseous phase, and the material through with each phase state is all broken into the micron granule like this to more can improve the mass transfer effect of system.

The utility model discloses a wet-type oxidation micro-interface system throughput is high, guarantees to have higher wet-type oxidation treatment effect under the lower condition of energy consumption, and harmful, COD clearance can reach 99%, washs the convenience moreover, has saved manual operation.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A wet oxidation micro-interface system, comprising: the device comprises a waste water heat exchanger, a waste water heater and an oxidation reactor, wherein the waste water heat exchanger is provided with a material inlet, a material outlet, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet; the oxidized water from the oxidation reactor enters the wastewater heat exchanger from the heat source inlet, and the material outlet is connected with the wastewater heater;

the middle area of the bottom surface of the oxidation reactor is upwards protruded to form a plane, liquid outlets are respectively arranged at the two side flat parts of the protruded plane of the bottom surface of the oxidation reactor, and a liquid inlet is arranged on the side wall of the oxidation reactor; the oxidation reactor is characterized in that a liquid ejector is arranged at the inner upper part of the oxidation reactor, the bottom of the liquid ejector is a plane, the top of the liquid ejector is a semicircular arc surface, a plurality of jet orifices are sequentially arranged on the semicircular arc surface, the jet direction of the jet orifices faces the top of the oxidation reactor, and the liquid inlet is connected with the bottom of the liquid ejector through a pipeline.

2. The wet oxidation micro-interface system of claim 1, wherein a micro-interface generator is disposed within the oxidation reactor, the micro-interface generator being disposed directly below the liquid injector.

3. The wet oxidation micro-interface system of claim 2, wherein the number of the micro-interface generators is two, arranged from top to bottom.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein two air inlets for compressed air are provided on the side wall of said oxidation reactor, said two air inlets being connected to an air pressure device, each of said air inlets being connected to a corresponding micro-interface generator by a conduit.

5. The wet oxidation micro-interface system of claim 1, wherein the oxidation reactor is provided with a stirring paddle at the upward protrusion of the bottom to accelerate the discharging.

6. The wet oxidation micro-interface system of claim 5, wherein the number of paddles is two and are arranged side-by-side at the raised plane of the bottom of the oxidation reactor.

7. The wet oxidation micro-interface system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the number of the liquid inlet ports is two, one of the liquid inlet ports is connected to the liquid ejector through a pipe, and the other liquid inlet port is disposed near the bottom of the oxidation reactor.

Images