CN213816428U - Basic unit and super surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a basic unit, which comprises an upper surface structure, a medium substrate and a lower surface structure, wherein the upper surface structure comprises rectangular metal patch structures with different sizes, and a variable capacitance diode or a patch capacitor is bridged between each rectangle; rectangular metal patch structures with different sizes of the upper surface structure are positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the lower surface structure is a whole metal back plate and is positioned on the lower surface of the medium substrate; each basic unit also comprises two rows of metal through holes penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface, and the metal through holes are positioned in the rectangular patch with the largest width. The utility model has simple principle, only the frequency and the waveform of the modulation signal need to be controlled, and the harmonic distribution of the electromagnetic wave can be controlled; by designing the initial phase and the time delay of the basic modulation waveform, any double-order harmonic can be regulated and controlled simultaneously, and the method is simple and effective; the utility model has the characteristics of the design is simple, and the result is accurate etc, simplifies the design degree of difficulty of the super surface modulation wave form of information greatly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of artifical electromagnetic material, especially, relate to a basic unit, super surface.
Background
The novel artificial electromagnetic surface, also known as a super surface, can control the parameters of amplitude, phase, polarization, wave beam, orbital angular momentum and the like of electromagnetic waves by designing the unit characteristics and spatial arrangement of the surface, realizes the functions of deflection, focusing, wave absorption and the like of electromagnetic energy, and can be used in the fields of antennas, imaging and the like. By introducing an adjustable technology, an adjustable super surface capable of controlling various parameters of electromagnetic waves in real time can be designed. The control signal of the traditional adjustable super surface is static or is changed at a very low frequency, so that the adjustable super surface is a linear device and can only adjust and control some linear characteristics of electromagnetic waves, such as amplitude, phase, polarization and the like. The information super-surface provides an additional degree of freedom in a time dimension by dynamically changing a control signal of the coding super-surface at a high speed, so that the information super-surface becomes a nonlinear device on the premise of not using a nonlinear material, and a series of harmonic components can be generated. Therefore, the information super surface has potential application value in the fields of communication, stealth and imaging.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that an arbitrary double harmonic regulation and control method based on information super surface is provided, can convert the electromagnetic wave frequency in the free space, produces a series of harmonics to wherein carry out independent control to arbitrary two orders of harmonics.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a basic unit, the unit structure includes an upper surface structure, a dielectric substrate and a lower surface structure, wherein the upper surface structure includes rectangular metal patch structures with different sizes, and a varactor or a patch capacitor is bridged between each rectangle; rectangular metal patch structures with different sizes of the upper surface structure are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the lower surface structure is a metal back plate and is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; each basic unit also comprises two rows of metal through holes penetrating through the upper surface structure and the lower surface structure, and the metal through holes are positioned in the rectangular metal patch with the largest width. As shown in fig. 2(a), which is a representation form in which rectangular metal patch structures with different sizes of surface structures are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, other connection modes can be designed according to actual needs.
Furthermore, the utility model discloses still provide an information super surface according to above-mentioned elementary cell structure, this information super surface is formed by above-mentioned elementary cell periodic arrangement.
Furthermore, the utility model discloses still provide a basis super surface of information is to arbitrary double harmonic regulation and control method, this method includes following step:
(1) determining a basic reflection coefficient waveform function gamma (T) and a period T thereof required for generating harmonic waves, and calculating the amplitude and the phase of each order of harmonic component;
(2) selecting harmonic orders m and n to be regulated and controlled and designing corresponding super-surface phase distribution matrixes Pm and Pn;
(3) pm and Pn are combined to determine an initial phase matrix required to be introduced by reflection coefficient waveforms of units of the information super-surface
And time delay matrix
(4) Using a basic reflection coefficient waveform Γ (t), an initial phase matrix
And time delay matrix
Calculate the superReflection coefficient waveform gamma required for each unit of surfacepq(t)；
(5) And designing the control signals required by each unit of the super surface according to the mapping relation between the reflection coefficient of the super surface and the control signals.
Preferably, the specific method of step (1) is as follows: when the incident electromagnetic wave is a single-tone frequency fc, the electromagnetic wave reflected by the super-surface is modulated by the time-varying reflection coefficient, which is changed into a reciprocal f of the reflection coefficient period centered on the incident wave frequency0Mixing signals with harmonic frequency spacing of 1/T
Wherein E isr(f) Representing the frequency domain expression of the reflected wave, delta (f-kf)0-fc) Representing the frequency shift as kf0-fcImpulse function of akThen it represents the k-th harmonic frequency as kf0+fcThe complex coefficient of (2) can be specifically expressed as:
wherein j is an imaginary unit, pi is a circumferential ratio, exp (-jk2 pi f0t) represents an amplitude of 1 and a phase of-k 2 π f0A natural exponential function of t and,
as an integral function, Ak、ΨkFor the original amplitude and phase of the kth harmonic, from equation (1), the frequency kf of the kth harmonic can be calculated from Γ (T) and its period T0+fcCorresponding to the original amplitude and phase.
Preferably, the specific method of step (2) is as follows: voltage control signals are used to regulate and control active devices on the super-surface unit, including but not limited to diodes, varactors, MEMS switches, graphene, and the like, and furtherControlling the phase of the reflection coefficient of the information super-surface to establish a mapping relation therebetween by changing the initial phase psi of the reflection coefficient phase waveform0And a time delay t0The phase of each order harmonic wave of the reflected wave will be changed correspondingly, while the amplitude is kept unchanged, and the new complex coefficient a of the k-th order harmonic wavek' may be specifically expressed as:
as can be seen from the above formula, the influence of the initial phase on the phase of each order of harmonic is consistent, and the time delay introduces different phases k2 pi f according to the order k of the harmonic0t0The phases of any two-order harmonic can be synthesized by simultaneously establishing the following linear equation sets:
wherein, Δ ΨmAnd Δ ΨnRespectively representing the phases required to be synthesized by the m-order harmonic wave and the n-order harmonic wave, and the solution of the above formula is:
designing information super surface to mf at m, n order harmonic frequency of reflected wave0+fcAnd nf0+fcThe phase distribution matrixes Pm and Pn realize the independent regulation and control of the double-order harmonic.
Preferably, the specific method of step (3) is as follows: substituting the elements at the same coordinate positions in Pm and Pn, namely the phases required by the m-th harmonic and the n-th harmonic, into the formulas (3) and (4), and obtaining the initial phase required to be introduced into the reflection coefficient waveform of the p-th row and q-th column unit of the super-surface
And time delay
Thereby forming an initial phase matrix
And time delay matrix
Preferably, the specific method of step (4) is as follows: extracting an initial phase matrix
And time delay matrix
The elements at the same positions are introduced into the basic reflection waveform gamma (t) to obtain the specific reflection coefficient waveform required by the cells at the p-th row and the q-th column of the super-surface
Preferably, the specific method of step (5) is as follows: calculating the reflection coefficient waveform gamma required by the obtained p row and q column units of the super surface；q(t) mapping to the voltage control signal required by the cell, the super-surface being frequency f when the voltage control signal is appliedcIs excited with a frequency mf in the reflected wave0+fcAnd nf0+fcThe harmonic wave of (2) will present a designed scattering directional diagram, and the regulation and control function of any double-order harmonic wave is realized.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model following profitable technological effect has:
(1) the utility model has simple principle, and can control the harmonic distribution of the electromagnetic wave only by controlling the frequency and the waveform of the modulation signal;
(2) the utility model discloses through the meticulous design to basic modulation waveform initial phase place and time delay, can regulate and control arbitrary double-order harmonic simultaneously, it is simple effective;
(3) compare with traditional optimization algorithm, the utility model has the characteristics of the design is simple, and the result is accurate etc, consequently can simplify the design degree of difficulty of information super surface modulation waveform greatly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the super surface of the regulation and control information of the present invention.
Fig. 2(a) and (b) are the structure diagram of the information super-surface unit designed by the present invention, the kind and the definition of the geometric parameters of the components are marked in the diagram, and fig. 2(c) is the simulation result diagram of the reflection amplitude/phase of the information super-surface unit designed by the present invention along with the change of the control voltage.
FIG. 3(a) shows that the reflection coefficient phase waveform designed by the present invention introduces the initial phase psi0And a time delay t0The latter schematic.
Fig. 3(b) shows the phase variation curve of the reflection wave +1 th harmonic wave in the reflection coefficient phase waveform designed by the present invention under the conditions of different initial phases and time delays.
Fig. 3(c) is a phase variation curve of the reflection wave-1 order harmonic wave in the reflection coefficient phase waveform designed by the present invention under different initial phases and time delay conditions.
Fig. 3(d) shows the phase variation curve of the reflection wave +2 th order harmonic wave in the reflection coefficient phase waveform designed by the present invention under the conditions of different initial phases and time delays.
Fig. 4(a) shows the phase distribution of each harmonic required for the +1 order harmonic to form a vortex wave front distribution and the +2 order harmonic to form a deflection wave front distribution in order to form a vortex wave front distribution on the information super-surface under given conditions.
Fig. 4(b) is a data matrix of initial phase and time delay required to be introduced by each unit modulation signal of the information super-surface according to the present invention under the condition of given required +1/+2 order harmonic phase distribution.
FIG. 4(c) is a 2-dimensional scattering pattern for each harmonic given the desired +1/+2 order harmonic phase distribution.
FIG. 4(d) is a 3-dimensional scattering pattern for each harmonic given the desired +1/+2 order harmonic phase distribution.
Fig. 5(a) is a diagram of an information super-surface material object used in the present invention.
Fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase test result of the information super-surface used in the present invention under different control voltages.
Fig. 6 is a scattering directional diagram of +1/+2 order harmonics measured after a modulation signal designed by the present invention is loaded on an information super-surface under the condition of giving a phase encoding sequence required by +1/+2 order harmonics.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the method for regulating and controlling any double harmonic based on the information super surface can change the frequency of incident electromagnetic waves through the information super surface to generate harmonic waves with a certain frequency, and integrate the phases of any two-order harmonic waves, thereby achieving the effect of regulating and controlling the double harmonic waves.
The information super-surface is formed by periodically arranging the same basic units, and a plurality of basic units form an array through a feed network, similar to a planar reflective array, and the unit reflection coefficients can be regulated and controlled in real time through an external voltage control signal.
The basic unit structure used in the present invention is divided into three layers as shown in fig. 2(a) and fig. 2 (b): upper surface structure, medium base plate and lower surface structure. The upper surface structure is composed of metal rectangles with different thicknesses, and a variable capacitance diode/patch capacitor is bridged in the middle; the intermediate medium substrate is made of F4B, the dielectric constant is 3.0, the loss tangent is 0.0015, and the thickness is 5 mm; the lower surface structure is a whole metal back plate. In addition, each basic unit also comprises two rows of metal through holes penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface and positioned in a thicker rectangle.
Wherein, the geometrical dimensions of the basic unit shown in fig. 2(b) are: length of unit patch Px24mm wide PyThe thickness h is 5mm, the distance s between the center of the through hole and the upper/lower boundary of the unit is 6.9mm, the length l of the thicker metal rectangle is 5.6mm, the distance g of the metal rectangle is 0.7mm, the length d of the thinner rectangle is 1.2mm, the distance t of the through hole is 1.5mm, and the diameter phi of the through hole is 0.4 mm. By optimizing the geometry of the elementary cells, the resulting elementary cells have a low amplitude in a given frequency bandDegree loss and large phase variation range. The simulation result graph of the variation of the cell reflection amplitude/phase with the control voltage is shown in fig. 2 (c). It can be seen that at 4.25GHz, the fundamental cell reflection amplitude fluctuates within 3dB, and the reflection phase varies by more than 500 °.
The utility model discloses the specific method based on information surpasses the surface and carries out regulation and control to the arbitrary double harmonic of electromagnetic wave as follows:
(1) the basic reflection coefficient waveform Γ (T) and its period T required for generating harmonics are determined, and the amplitude and phase of each order of harmonic component are calculated.
The principle of the utility model lies in that the control signal is utilized to make the reflection coefficient gamma (T) of the basic unit change periodically with a certain waveform, and the period is T. The specific waveform form can be changed according to requirements, such as square wave, sine wave, Gaussian pulse waveform and the like.
When the incident electromagnetic wave is a single-tone frequency fc, the electromagnetic wave reflected by the super-surface is modulated by the time-varying reflection coefficient, which is changed into a reciprocal f of the reflection coefficient period centered on the incident wave frequency0Mixing signals with harmonic frequency spacing of 1/T
Wherein E isr(f) Representing the frequency domain expression of the reflected wave, delta (f-kf)0-fc) Representing the frequency shift as kf0-fcAn impulse function ofkThen represents the k-th harmonic kf0+fcThe complex coefficient of (2) can be calculated according to a classical fourier transform theory, and can be specifically expressed as:
wherein j is an imaginary unit, pi is a circumferential ratio, exp (-jk2 pi f0t) represents an amplitude of 1 and a phase of-k 2 π f0A natural exponential function of t and,
as an integral function, Ak、ΨkThe original amplitude and phase of the kth harmonic. From equation (1), the frequency kf of the kth harmonic can be calculated from Γ (T) and its period T0+fcCorresponding to the original amplitude and phase.
(2) And selecting harmonic orders m and n to be regulated and controlled and designing corresponding super-surface phase distribution matrixes Pm and Pn.
By using the mapping relation between the voltage control signal and the phase of the reflection coefficient of the information super-surface, the initial phase psi of the phase waveform of the reflection coefficient is changed0And a time delay t0As shown in fig. 3(a), the phase of each harmonic of the reflected wave will change correspondingly, while the amplitude remains unchanged. New complex coefficient a of the k-th harmonick' may be specifically expressed as:
as can be seen from the above formula, the influence of the initial phase on the phase of each order of harmonic is consistent, and the time delay introduces different phases k2 pi f according to the order k of the harmonic0t0. Therefore, the phases of any two harmonics (e.g., m-order and n-order) can be integrated by simultaneously establishing the following system of equations of the first two-fold system:
wherein, Δ ΨmAnd Δ ΨnRepresenting the phases required to synthesize the m-th and n-th harmonics, respectively. The solution of the above formula is specifically:
the phase variation curves of the harmonics of each order of the reflected wave under different initial phases and time delays are shown in fig. 3 (b-c). According to this principle, desired phases can be synthesized at the reflected waves m, n-th harmonics simultaneously and independently of each other. Based on super-surface scattering directionThe graph regulation principle can be known, and the scattering directional diagram can be flexibly regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the phase distribution of the super surface. Thus, with the double harmonic phase integration principle described above, the metasurface is designed with information on the frequency of the m, n order harmonics of the reflected wave (mf)0+fcAnd nf0+fc) The phase distribution matrixes Pm and Pn can realize the independent regulation and control of the double-order harmonic.
(3) Pm and Pn are combined with formulas (3) and (4) to determine an initial phase matrix required to be introduced by reflection coefficient waveforms of all units of the information super-surface
And time delay matrix
Substituting the elements with the same position in Pm and Pn, namely the phases required by the m-th and n-th harmonics into the formulas (3) and (4), and obtaining the initial phase required to be introduced in the reflection coefficient waveform of the p-th row and q-th column unit of the super surface
And time delay
Thereby forming an initial phase matrix
And time delay matrix
(4) Using a basic reflection coefficient waveform Γ (t), an initial phase matrix
And time delay matrix
Calculating the reflection system required by each unit of the super-surfaceDigital waveform gammapq(t)。
Extracting an initial phase matrix
And time delay matrix
The elements at the same positions are introduced into the basic reflection waveform Γ (t), and the specific reflection coefficient waveform required by the unit at the p-th row and the q-th column of the super-surface can be obtained as follows:
(4) and designing the control signals required by each unit of the super surface according to the mapping relation between the reflection coefficient of the super surface and the control signals.
The reflection coefficients of different super-surfaces have different mapping relations with voltage control signals of the super-surfaces. Therefore, the reflection coefficient waveform Γ required by the p-th row and q-th column unit of the super surface calculated in the previous step needs to be according to the mapping relation between the actually used super surface reflection coefficient and the control signalpq(t) maps to the control signal required by the cell. Finally, once the super-surface is set to a frequency f when the control signal is appliedcIs excited with a frequency mf in the reflected wave0+fcAnd nf0+fcThe harmonic wave of (2) will present the designed scattering directional diagram, thereby realizing the function of regulating and controlling the arbitrary double-order harmonic wave of the utility model.
In order to show the technical solution of the present invention, an example of a simulation result is taken as an example, an 8 × 8 information super-surface with an operating frequency of 5GHz, a modulation frequency of 100kHz and a cell period of 1/2 wavelengths is given, and a reflection coefficient Γ of 3-bit phase modulation resolution is usedpq(t) the +1/+2 harmonics are simultaneously controlled to make the +1 order harmonic a vortex wave and the +2 order harmonic a deflection wave, the required phase distribution of each harmonic, the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional scattering directional diagrams are respectively shown in fig. 4(a), (c) and (d), and the initial phase and time delay required to be introduced by the reflection coefficient of each unit of the final array surface are formedThe matrix is shown in fig. 4 (b).
Next, in order to verify the validity of the arbitrary double-harmonic regulation and control scheme proposed by the present invention, a super-surface with low loss and full phase coverage reflection coefficient characteristic information is used as experimental verification. Fig. 5(a) shows the information super-surface real object diagram, which also includes a feed horn antenna and a bracket. The information super-surface comprises 8 x 16 basic units, and each column of units can be controlled by the same control signal. When the incident wave fc is 4.25GHz and is normally incident on the information super-surface, the amplitude and phase test results of the reflection coefficients under different control voltages V are shown in fig. 5(b), and it can be seen from the results that, in the process of the control voltages from 0V to 21V, the reflection amplitude of the super-surface basic unit fluctuates less than 3.5dB, and the phase varies over 2.5 pi.
According to the proposed solution we adopt the reflection coefficient Γ of the 2-bit phase resolution；q(t) simultaneous modulation of +1/+2 order harmonics. In the experiment, the frequency of an incident wave is 4.25GHz, the modulation frequency is 100kHz, the harmonic phase resolution is 2 bits, 3 phase encoding sequences are respectively S1(0011223300112233), S2(0000000000000000) and S3(3322110033221100), and 9 combination conditions are shared corresponding to +1/+2 order harmonic phase distribution, namely S1/S1, S1/S2, S1/S3, S2/S1, S2/S2, S2/S3, S3/S1, S3/S2 and S3/S3. The codes 0-3 sequentially represent that the harmonic phases are 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, the phase sequence lengths are 16 bits, and the phases at the harmonic frequencies required by the 1 st row to the 16 th row units of the super surface are represented respectively. Fig. 6 shows the measured +1/+2 order scattering patterns after the various control signals of the present invention are loaded on the information super-surface.
Each row of the subgraph of FIG. 6(a-c), (d-f), (g-i) respectively represents the +1 order harmonic phases S1, S2 and S3, and each row of the subgraph (a-g), (b-h) and (c-i) respectively represents the +2 order harmonic phases S1, S2 and S3. It can be seen from the results that under the control signal designed by the utility model, the independent regulation and control of +1/+2 order harmonics is realized.
The utility model discloses a well-designed control signal who surpasses the surface provides extra degree of freedom in the time dimension, can make the electromagnetic wave produce new harmonic frequency component, and the regulation and control ability of original space dimension is reunited, and then realizes arbitrary two orders of harmonic regulation and control.
The utility model provides an arbitrary double harmonic regulation and control method based on information super surface utilizes control signal to control the spectral distribution of electromagnetic wave, reintroduces initial phase and time delay and carries out the independent regulation and control of arbitrary two orders of harmonics. The utility model discloses the principle is simple, low cost, easily realizes, and this makes it have very huge using value in communication, stealth and formation of image field.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A basic unit is characterized in that a unit structure comprises an upper surface structure, a dielectric substrate and a lower surface structure, wherein the upper surface structure comprises rectangular metal patch structures with different sizes, and a variable capacitance diode or a patch capacitor is connected between every two rectangles in a bridging mode; rectangular metal patch structures with different sizes of the upper surface structure are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the lower surface structure is a metal back plate and is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; each basic unit also comprises two rows of metal through holes penetrating through the upper surface structure and the lower surface structure, and the metal through holes are positioned in the rectangular metal patch with the largest width.
2. The information super-surface constructed by the basic units as claimed in claim 1, wherein the information super-surface is formed by the above basic units being arranged periodically.
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Effective date of registration: 20240115 Address after: Room 507, Building 5, No. 600 21st Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000 Patentee after: Hangzhou Qiantang District Institute of Advanced Information Technology Address before: No.2112 building, Nanjing, No.214, Zhouning District, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Jiangsu Yiheng Space Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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