CN213692283U - Battery cover plate assembly and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Battery cover plate assembly and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN213692283U
CN213692283U CN202022736588.0U CN202022736588U CN213692283U CN 213692283 U CN213692283 U CN 213692283U CN 202022736588 U CN202022736588 U CN 202022736588U CN 213692283 U CN213692283 U CN 213692283U
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piece
cover plate
battery
distance
conduction
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CN202022736588.0U
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焦晓朋
李娜
李世彩
王蒙
江正福
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Huizhou BYD Industrial Co Ltd
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Huizhou BYD Industrial Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a battery cover plate component and a lithium ion battery, wherein the battery cover plate component comprises a cover plate body, a positive pole, a negative pole, a first conduction piece, a second conduction piece and a filling piece; the packing piece is connected on the cover plate in an insulating mode, one end of the first conduction piece is electrically connected with the positive pole, and the other end of the first conduction piece faces the position, away from the packing piece, of a first distance. One end of the second conduction piece is electrically connected with the negative pole column, and the other end of the second conduction piece extends to a position which is a second distance away from the filling piece towards the filling piece. The internal temperature of the battery is increased due to overcharge, when the temperature of the filling piece is increased to the melting point temperature through heat conduction, the filling piece is melted and flows and is in contact with the first conduction piece and the second conduction piece, so that the positive pole column and the negative pole column are conducted through the conduction pieces and the melted filling pieces, a circuit outside the battery is short-circuited, charging is stopped, and the overcharge safety of the battery is improved.

Description

Battery cover plate assembly and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the lithium cell, especially, relate to a battery cover plate subassembly and lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is overcharged to cause the dangers of explosion, fire and explosion. At present, a method for solving the problem of overcharge is to install safety devices, such as an explosion-proof valve and other expansion detection devices, but the devices can be triggered only when the internal pressure of the battery is high due to excessive overcharge and aerogenesis inside the battery, so as to play an explosion-proof role.
However, the gas production rate inside the battery varies with the degree of overcharge and the temperature of the battery, the higher the degree of overcharge, the higher the temperature, the higher the gas production rate, and the higher the internal pressure of the battery, and when the internal pressure of the battery reaches a level at which a safety device can be activated, the internal temperature of the battery may already be high, and further reaction of the internal materials of the battery at a high temperature and subsequent safety problems such as thermal runaway of the battery cannot be prevented.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: aiming at the problems that when the internal pressure of a battery reaches the degree of starting the safety device, the internal temperature of the battery is possibly high and the further reaction of the internal material of the battery at high temperature and the subsequent thermal runaway of the battery cannot be prevented in the conventional safety device of the battery, a battery cover plate component and a lithium ion battery are provided.
In order to solve the above technical problem, in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery cover plate assembly, which includes a cover plate body, a positive pole, a negative pole, a first conduction member, a second conduction member, and a filling member; the positive pole column and the negative pole column are arranged on the cover plate body, and the filling piece is connected to the cover plate body in an insulating mode;
the one end of the first piece that switches on with positive post electricity is connected, the other end orientation of the first piece that switches on the packing extends to the distance the position of packing first distance, the one end that the second switched on with negative pole post electricity is connected, the other end orientation of the second piece that switches on the packing extends to the distance the position of packing second distance, the packing can melt when the temperature risees and with the first piece that switches on with the contact of second piece, so that the first piece that switches on reaches the second piece that switches on is connected through the packing electricity that melts, and then makes positive post with negative pole post electricity is connected, makes outer circuit disconnection.
Optionally, the melting point of the filling member is 45-150 ℃.
Optionally, the first distance is 0-10 mm, the second distance is 0-10 mm, and at most one of the first distance and the second distance is 0 mm.
Optionally, the first distance is 0-5 mm, the second distance is 0-5 mm, and at most one of the first distance and the second distance is 0 mm.
Optionally, the battery cover plate assembly further comprises a sealing box installed on the cover plate body, the filling member is arranged in the sealing box, and an insulating layer is arranged between the filling member and the cover plate body.
Optionally, a first wire hole for the first conducting piece to pass through is formed in one side, facing the positive pole, of the sealing box, and a second wire hole for the second conducting piece to pass through is formed in one side, facing the negative pole, of the sealing box.
Optionally, the first conducting member includes a first conductive core and a first insulating shell wrapped outside the first conductive core, and at an end of the first conducting member close to the filling member, a portion of the first conductive core beyond the first insulating shell is disposed on the insulating layer.
Optionally, the second conducting piece includes a second conductive core and a second insulating shell wrapped outside the second conductive core, and at an end of the second conducting piece close to the filling piece, a portion of the second conductive core beyond the second insulating shell is disposed on the insulating layer.
Optionally, the sealing box is an aluminum box, a copper box or a stainless steel box.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium ion battery, include battery housing and install battery apron on the casing, battery apron is as before battery cover plate subassembly.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, when the battery overcharges and leads to the inside temperature of battery to rise, heat-conduction makes the temperature of apron risees, and then makes the temperature of packing piece rises, works as the temperature of packing piece rises to during the melting point temperature of packing piece, the packing piece melt trickling and with first conduction piece, the contact of second conduction piece make first conduction piece with realize the electric conductance through the packing piece between the second conduction piece, and then make anodal post with switch on between the negative pole post for the short circuit outside the battery, fuse to cut off battery charging circuit, in time terminate and charge, prevent that the battery is inside to continue to heat up, improve the overcharge security of battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the inside of the sealing box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the filling member and the adhesive layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the specification are as follows:
1. a positive post; 2. a negative pole post; 3. a cover plate body; 4. a filling member; 5. a glue layer; 6. a sealing box; 7. a first conduction member; 71. a first conductive core; 72. a first insulating housing; 8. a second conduction member; 81. a second conductive core; 82. a second insulating housing; 9. a second wire guide; 10. a first wire guide hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problem, technical solution and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments to illustrate the present invention in further detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, in one aspect, a battery cover plate assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a cover plate body 3, a positive post 1, a negative post 2, a first conduction piece 7, a second conduction piece 8, and a filling piece 4; the positive pole column 1 and the negative pole column 2 are installed on the cover plate body 3, the filling piece 4 is connected to the cover plate body 3 in an insulating mode, and the filling piece 4 is located between the positive pole column 1 and the negative pole column 2.
One end of the first conduction piece 7 is electrically connected with the positive post 1, the other end of the first conduction piece 7 extends to a position away from the filling piece 4 by a first distance toward the filling piece 4, namely, the distance between the endpoint of the other end of the first conduction piece 7 and the filling piece 4 is a first distance, one end of the second conduction piece 8 is electrically connected with the negative post 2, the other end of the second conduction piece 8 extends to a position away from the filling piece 4 by a second distance toward the filling piece 4, namely, the distance between the endpoint of the other end of the second conduction piece 8 and the filling piece 4 is a second distance, the filling piece 4 can melt and flow when the temperature of the cover plate body 3 rises and is in contact with the first conduction piece 7 and the second conduction piece 8, so that the first conduction piece 7 and the second conduction piece 8 are conducted through the melted filling piece 4, and the positive electrode tab 1 and the negative electrode tab 2 are electrically connected to each other through the first conductive member 7, the second conductive member 8, and the melted filler, thereby disconnecting the external circuit.
When the temperature in the battery rises due to overcharge of the battery, the temperature of the cover plate body 3 rises due to heat conduction, and then the temperature of the filling piece 4 rises, when the temperature of the filling piece 4 rises to the melting point temperature of the filling piece 4, the filling piece 4 is in contact with the first conduction piece 7 and the second conduction piece 8 after being melted and trickled, so that the first conduction piece 7 and the second conduction piece 8 are electrically conducted through the filling piece 4, and further the positive pole 1 and the negative pole 2 are conducted, so that a circuit outside the battery is short-circuited, a charging device outside the battery is provided with a protection circuit, once the battery is short-circuited, instant large current can be immediately heated to fuse a fuse, the charging circuit is cut off, the charging is timely stopped, the temperature in the battery is prevented from continuing to rise, and the overcharge safety of the battery is improved.
The filling member 4 is connected with the cover plate body 3 in an insulating mode, so that the filling member 4 can be insulated from the cover plate body 3, and heat can be conducted to any objects, such as a plastic film, a glue layer and the like.
In one embodiment, the filling member 4 is a low-melting-point conductive material and has stability, and the melting point of the filling member 4 is 45-150 ℃. The shape of the filling member 4 is not limited, and may be a cylindrical shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a spherical shape, or an irregular shape. The lower the melting point of the filling member 4 is, the easier the melting is, the earlier the short circuit time outside the battery is, the charging can be stopped in time, the overcharge degree of the battery is reduced, and the overcharge safety of the battery is improved.
Preferably, the melting point of the filling member 4 is 45-90 ℃. For example, a bismuth lead tin cadmium alloy having a melting point of 47 ℃, a bismuth lead tin alloy having a melting point of 58 ℃, a bismuth lead tin cadmium alloy having a melting point of 70 ℃ and the like.
In one embodiment, the filling member 4 is metal potassium, metal sodium or an alloy comprising two or more of bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium, indium, thallium, zinc and antimony.
In an embodiment, the first distance is 0 to 10mm, the second distance is 0 to 10mm, at most one of the first distance and the second distance is 0mm, that is, the first conducting member 7 can be in direct contact with the filling member 4, the first distance is 0mm, the second conducting member 8 is in direct contact with the filling member 4, the second distance is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10mm, or the first conducting member 7 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10mm, the second conducting member 8 is in direct contact with the filling member 4, the second distance is 0mm, or neither the first conducting member 7 nor the second conducting member 8 is in direct contact with the filling member 4.
Preferably, the first distance is 0-5 mm, and the second distance is 0-5 mm.
When the bottom of the filler member 4 is at the same level as the first and second conduction members 7 and 8, the filler member 4 may not contact the first and second conduction members 7 and 8, or the filler member 4 may have a very small first distance from the first conduction member 7 or a very small second distance from the filler member 4 to the second conduction member, so that the melted filler member 4 contacts the first and second conduction members 7 and 8 in the shortest time. When the bottom of the filling member 4 is at different levels with the first conducting member 7 and the second conducting member 8 (for example, the battery is placed on the side), the filling member 4 contacts with the conducting member at a higher level, so that the filling member 4 flows downwards when being melted to contact with the conducting member at a lower level, and the first conducting member 7 and the second conducting member 8 are electrically conducted with each other. When the battery is placed on the side, the first conducting piece 7 and the second conducting piece 8 can be both positioned at the bottom of the short circuit box and close to the side edge of the lower horizontal height position, so that the filling piece 4 flows to the lower horizontal height when being melted and is in contact with the first conducting piece 7 and the second conducting piece 8 to realize electronic conduction.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, in an embodiment, the battery cover plate assembly further includes a sealing box 6 mounted on the cover plate body 3, the filling member 4 is located in the sealing box 6, and an insulating layer is disposed between the filling member 4 and the cover plate body 3.
In an embodiment, the insulating layer is a glue layer 5, and the glue layer 5 is made of a heat-conducting and non-conducting material, such as silicone sealant, and can adhere the filling member 4 to the cover plate body 3 for fixing the filling member 4. Meanwhile, the glue layer 5 can also be used for insulation between the filling piece 4 and the cover plate body 3. Preferably, the area covered by the glue layer 5 is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the sealing box 6, the sealing box 6 is installed on the glue layer 5, the glue layer 5 plays a role in fixing and sealing the sealing box 6, and the sealing box 6 isolates and protects the filling member 4 to prevent the first conduction member 7 and the second conduction member 8 from indirectly conducting through the outside.
In one embodiment, the sealing box 6 is made of a high-strength material, and the sealing box 6 is an aluminum box, a copper box or a stainless steel box.
As shown in fig. 3, in one embodiment, a first wire hole 10 for passing the first conducting member 7 is provided on the side of the sealing case 6 facing the positive post 1, and a second wire hole 9 for passing the second conducting member 8 is provided on the side of the sealing case 6 facing the negative post 2.
As shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment, the first conducting member 7 includes a first conductive core 71 and a first insulating housing 72 wrapped outside the first conductive core 71, the first conducting member 7 extends into the sealed box 6 through the first wire guide hole 10, a section of the first conductive core 71 exposed outside is provided at an end of the first conducting member 7 close to the filling member 4, a portion of the first conductive core 71 exceeding the first insulating housing 72 is disposed on the glue layer 5 to prevent the first conductive core 71 from contacting and conducting with the cover plate body 3, and an outer diameter of the first insulating housing 72 is consistent with a diameter of the first wire guide hole 10 to ensure a sealing effect of the sealed box 6.
In an embodiment, the second conducting member 8 includes a second conductive core 81 and a second insulating housing 82 wrapped outside the second conductive core 81, the second conducting member 8 penetrates through the second wire hole 9 and extends into the sealed box 6, at an end of the second conducting member 8 close to the filling member 4, the second conductive core 81 has a section exposed outside and beyond the second insulating housing 82, the section of the second conductive core 81 beyond the second insulating housing 82 is disposed on the glue layer 5, so as to prevent the second conductive core 81 from contacting and conducting with the cover plate body 3, and an outer diameter of the second insulating housing 82 is consistent with a diameter of the second wire hole 9, so as to ensure a sealing effect of the sealed box 6.
On the other hand, an embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium ion battery, include battery housing and install battery apron on the casing, battery apron is as before battery cover plate subassembly. When the battery is overcharged, the temperature inside the lithium ion battery rises, the heat is conducted to the cover plate body 3, so that the temperature of the filling piece 4 rises, after the temperature reaches a melting point, the filling piece 4 is melted and flows to the first conductive core 71 and the second conductive core 81 which are exposed outside, the first conduction piece 7 and the second conduction piece 8 are in contact conduction through the filling piece 4, the positive pole column 1 and the negative pole column 2 are further conducted, an external circuit of the lithium ion battery is short-circuited, a charging circuit outside the lithium ion battery is cut off in time, the charging is stopped, the temperature inside the battery is prevented from being continuously increased, thermal failure is avoided, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The aluminum metal is adopted to manufacture the sealing box 6, the filling part 4 is made of bismuth lead tin alloy with the melting point of 58 ℃, and the filling part 4 is cuboid.
The glue layer 5 (organic silicon sealant) is coated on the cover plate body 3, the first conductive core 71 exposed at the tail end of the first conduction piece 7 and the second conductive core 81 exposed at the tail end of the second conduction piece 8 are fixed on the organic silicon sealant layer 5, the filling piece 4 is fixed on the organic silicon sealant layer 5, the first distance from the first conductive core 71 to the filling piece 4 is 1mm, and the second distance from the second conductive core 81 to the filling piece 4 is 1 mm.
And (3) penetrating the other end of the first conduction piece 7 out of a first wire hole 10 on the sealing box 6 to be connected to the positive pole column 1, penetrating the other end of the second conduction piece 8 out of a second wire hole 9 on the sealing box 6 to be connected to the negative pole column 2, and fixing the sealing box 6 on the organic silicon sealing adhesive layer 5 to prepare a cover plate component A1 containing a short-circuit device.
The lithium cobaltate is used as a positive electrode active material to manufacture a positive plate, the graphite is used as a negative electrode active material to manufacture a negative plate, the ceramic diaphragm is used as a diaphragm, the cover plate component A1 containing the short-circuit device is assembled on the battery shell, and the liquid injection is encapsulated into the novel lithium ion battery S10.
Example 2
The aluminum metal is adopted to manufacture the sealing box 6, the filling part 4 is made of bismuth lead tin cadmium alloy with the melting point of 47 ℃, and the filling part 4 is cuboid.
The glue layer 5 (organic silicon sealant) is coated on the cover plate body 3, the first conductive core 71 exposed at the tail end of the first conduction piece 7 and the second conductive core 81 exposed at the tail end of the second conduction piece 8 are fixed on the organic silicon sealant layer 5, the filling piece 4 is fixed on the organic silicon sealant layer 5, the first distance from the first conductive core 71 to the filling piece 4 is 5mm, and the second distance from the second conductive core 81 to the filling piece 4 is 5 mm.
And (3) penetrating the other end of the first conduction piece 7 out of a first wire hole 10 on the sealing box 6 to be connected to the positive pole column 1, penetrating the other end of the second conduction piece 8 out of a second wire hole 9 on the sealing box 6 to be connected to the negative pole column 2, and fixing the sealing box 6 on the organic silicon sealing adhesive layer 5 to prepare a cover plate component A2 containing a short-circuit device.
The lithium cobaltate is used as a positive electrode active material to manufacture a positive plate, the graphite is used as a negative electrode active material to manufacture a negative plate, the ceramic diaphragm is used as a diaphragm, the cover plate component A2 containing the short-circuit device is assembled on the battery shell, and the liquid injection is encapsulated into the novel lithium ion battery S20.
Example 3
The sealing box 6 is made of stainless steel, the filling piece 4 is made of bismuth-lead-tin-cadmium alloy with the melting point of 70 ℃, and the filling piece 4 is cylindrical.
The glue layer 5 (organic silicon sealant) is coated on the cover plate body 3, the first conductive core 71 exposed at the tail end of the first conduction piece 7 and the second conductive core 81 exposed at the tail end of the second conduction piece 8 are fixed on the organic silicon sealant layer 5, the filling piece 4 is fixed on the organic silicon sealant layer 5, the first distance from the first conductive core 71 to the filling piece 4 is 2mm, and the second distance from the second conductive core 81 to the filling piece 4 is 2 mm.
And (3) penetrating the other end of the first conduction piece 7 out of a first wire hole 10 on the sealing box 6 to be connected to the positive pole column 1, penetrating the other end of the second conduction piece 8 out of a second wire hole 9 on the sealing box 6 to be connected to the negative pole column 2, and fixing the sealing box 6 on the organic silicon sealing adhesive layer 5 to prepare a cover plate component A3 containing a short-circuit device.
The lithium cobaltate is used as a positive electrode active material to manufacture a positive plate, the graphite is used as a negative electrode active material to manufacture a negative plate, the ceramic diaphragm is used as a diaphragm, the cover plate component A3 containing the short-circuit device is assembled on the battery shell, and the liquid injection is encapsulated into the novel lithium ion battery S30.
Comparative example 1
A lithium ion battery D10 was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the battery lid attached to the battery case was a normal lid and did not include a short-circuiting device.
Performance testing
Overcharge resistance test
The overcharge resistance test adopted in the experiment is carried out on a charge and discharge tester, the batteries S10, S20, S30 and D10 are charged to 4.3V at a multiplying power of 0.1C, the batteries are statically placed for 5min and then are subjected to constant current charging at a multiplying power of 1C, and the states of the batteries are observed. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 overcharge resistance test results
Figure BDA0002792469960000091
According to the data in table 1, the D10 battery with the common cover plate has the circuit fuse blown out after the 40 th minute to terminate the charging, but the overcharge degree is too high to cause the internal short circuit of the battery to be serious, and the heat and the generated gas of the battery are continuously accumulated along with the continuous generation of the internal reaction of the battery, and finally the explosion-proof valve is opened at the 46 th minute and the explosion is started at the 47 th minute.
However, the batteries S10, S20, and S30 including the short-circuit device manufactured in examples 1 to 3 have increased internal temperature during overcharge, so that the temperature of the current collector and the terminal post is increased, and the heat is conducted to the cover plate body 3 and the adhesive layer 5, so that the bismuth-lead-tin alloy of the filler 4 on the adhesive layer 5 melts and flows to contact with the exposed first conductive core 71 and the exposed second conductive core 81, so that the electronic conduction of the first conductive part 7 and the second conductive part 8 through the filler 4 is realized, and the external circuit of the battery is short-circuited in about 30 minutes, so that the fuse is fused, the charge is terminated, and the overcharge safety of the battery is improved.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A battery cover plate assembly is characterized by comprising a cover plate body, a positive pole, a negative pole, a first conduction piece, a second conduction piece and a filling piece; the positive pole column and the negative pole column are arranged on the cover plate body, and the filling piece is connected to the cover plate body in an insulating mode;
the one end of the first piece that switches on with positive post electricity is connected, the other end orientation of the first piece that switches on the packing extends to the distance the position of packing first distance, the one end that the second switched on with negative pole post electricity is connected, the other end orientation of the second piece that switches on the packing extends to the distance the position of packing second distance, the packing can melt when the temperature risees and with the first piece that switches on with the contact of second piece, so that the first piece that switches on reaches the second piece that switches on is connected through the packing electricity that melts, and then makes positive post with negative pole post electricity is connected, makes outer circuit disconnection.
2. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 1, wherein the filler has a melting point of 45 to 150 ℃.
3. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 1, wherein the first distance is 0-10 mm, the second distance is 0-10 mm, and at most one of the first distance and the second distance is 0 mm.
4. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 1, wherein the first distance is 0-5 mm, the second distance is 0-5 mm, and at most one of the first distance and the second distance is 0 mm.
5. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 1, further comprising a sealing box mounted on the cover plate body, the filler being disposed within the sealing box, an insulating layer being disposed between the filler and the cover plate body.
6. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 5, wherein a first wire hole for the first conduction member to pass through is provided on a side of the sealing case facing the positive post, and a second wire hole for the second conduction member to pass through is provided on a side of the sealing case facing the negative post.
7. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 6, wherein the first conductive member comprises a first conductive core and a first insulating shell wrapped around the first conductive core, and a portion of the first conductive core beyond the first insulating shell is disposed on the insulating layer at an end of the first conductive member adjacent to the filling member.
8. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 6, wherein the second conductive member comprises a second conductive core and a second insulating shell wrapping the second conductive core, and a portion of the second conductive core beyond the second insulating shell is disposed on the insulating layer at an end of the second conductive member adjacent to the filling member.
9. The battery cover plate assembly of claim 5, wherein the sealing can is an aluminum can, a copper can, or a stainless steel can.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising a battery case and a battery cover plate mounted on the case, wherein the battery cover plate is the battery cover plate assembly of any one of claims 1-9.
CN202022736588.0U 2020-11-23 2020-11-23 Battery cover plate assembly and lithium ion battery Active CN213692283U (en)

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