CN213690115U - Light and thin type optical waveguide AR optical imaging system - Google Patents
Light and thin type optical waveguide AR optical imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213690115U CN213690115U CN202022689040.5U CN202022689040U CN213690115U CN 213690115 U CN213690115 U CN 213690115U CN 202022689040 U CN202022689040 U CN 202022689040U CN 213690115 U CN213690115 U CN 213690115U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a light and thin type optical waveguide AR optical imaging system, including the optical waveguide, divide the light source system and the little display chip who locates the optical waveguide both sides, and the coupling unit, the light that light source system produced and jetted out passes through the optical waveguide and incides to little display chip in, be provided with the phase modulation system who carries out the modulation to the incident light among the little display chip, the light outgoing through the modulation of phase modulation unit is to the optical waveguide in, and follow the optical waveguide with the total reflection mode and transmit to the coupling unit, the light of coupling unit outgoing jets out through the optical waveguide after passing the optical waveguide. The utility model provides a system simple structure is small, and it is simple to make the equipment, more presses close to the glasses form, has promoted user experience and has felt to light utilization ratio has been improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a little display technology field, concretely relates to frivolous type optical waveguide AR optical imaging system.
Background
At present, the AR (Augmented Reality) technology has attracted more and more attention and research, and the AR technology is information that virtual information is superimposed in a real environment, real-time interaction is achieved through various interaction means, and people are assisted to go to sense the information which cannot be easily acquired in the real world.
For the AR optical display technology, through the off-axis optical, prism, free-form surface and waveguide optical stages, the optical waveguide technology is more in line with the form of glasses, and the thickness can be between 1.5 and 5 mm, which has become a great research focus in the near-to-eye display imaging technology, and various manufacturers have been developing optical waveguide type AR glasses, but the optical waveguide also has the problems of low light utilization rate, complex structural design and the like. At present, most of light waveguide type AR glasses adopt LCoS micro-display chips, PBS (Polarization Beam Splitter) optical elements are adopted in an optical system for imaging, the light utilization rate is further reduced, the volume of a whole optical module is difficult to reduce, for example, the diffraction light waveguide technology of Digilens and the array light waveguide technology represented by Lumus are adopted, the whole optical imaging system is very large, the light utilization rate is low, and the requirement of high experience of AR equipment cannot be met.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at: provided is a thin and light optical waveguide AR imaging system having a high light utilization efficiency and a small size.
The technical scheme is as follows: the system provided by the utility model comprises a light source system, an optical waveguide, a micro display chip and a coupling-out unit;
the light source system and the micro display chip are respectively arranged on two sides of the optical waveguide, the light emitting end of the light source system faces the micro display chip, and light emitted by the light source system is incident to the micro display chip through the optical waveguide;
the phase modulation unit is arranged in the micro display chip and used for adjusting the light emitted by the micro display chip to be transmitted in the optical waveguide in a total reflection manner;
the light totally reflected and transmitted in the optical waveguide is transmitted to the coupling-out unit along the optical waveguide, and the light emitted by the coupling-out unit passes through the optical waveguide and then is emitted by the optical waveguide.
As an optimized proposal of the utility model, the phase modulation unit is a polymer blazed grating or a blazed grating formed based on the super surface of inorganic nanometer.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light source system includes an unpolarized light source for generating and emitting unpolarized light, and the light emitting end of the unpolarized light source constitutes the light emitting end of the light source system; the imaging system also comprises a polarizing unit and a polarization analyzing unit; the polarizing unit is clamped between the light source system and the optical waveguide; the polarization detection unit and the coupling-out unit are respectively arranged at two sides of the optical waveguide, a polarization surface in the polarization detection unit faces the coupling-out unit, light totally reflected in the optical waveguide is emitted out through the coupling-out unit, and the light emitted out through the coupling-out unit sequentially passes through the optical waveguide and the polarization surface in the polarization detection unit; the polarization directions of the polarization analyzing unit and the polarization unit are the same.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the light source system includes a polarized light source for generating and emitting polarized light, and a light emitting end of the polarized light source constitutes a light emitting end of the light source system; the imaging system further comprises an analyzing unit; the polarization detection unit and the coupling-out unit are respectively arranged on two sides of the optical waveguide, a polarization surface in the polarization detection unit faces the coupling-out unit, light totally reflected in the optical waveguide is emitted out through the coupling-out unit, and the light emitted out through the coupling-out unit sequentially passes through the optical waveguide and the polarization surface in the polarization detection unit.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light source system includes a light source, the light source is an unpolarized light source for generating and emitting unpolarized light or a polarized light source for generating and emitting polarized light, and the light emitting end of the unpolarized light source and the light emitting end of the polarized light source respectively constitute the light emitting ends of the light source system corresponding thereto; the imaging system further comprises a polarizing device, wherein the polarizing device is clamped between the micro display chip and the optical waveguide, and a polarizing surface in the polarizing device faces the micro display chip.
Further, the light source system further comprises a collimation system; the collimation system is used for enabling the light emitted by the light source to be incident into the micro display chip in a vertical posture.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the collimating system includes at least one lens.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the micro display chip further comprises a CMOS circuit layer, an anode layer, a liquid crystal layer, and an electrode layer; the CMOS circuit layer, the anode layer, the phase modulation unit, the liquid crystal layer and the electrode layer are sequentially stacked.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-out unit is an array coupling-out unit or a diffraction coupling-out unit.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a frivolous type optical waveguide AR imaging system utilizes the phase modulation unit adjustment emergent light angle in the little display chip, makes its direct total reflection transmission in entering into the optical waveguide structure to through coupling unit coupling light-emitting, reduced the structure volume of system, improved the light utilization ratio.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro display chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical waveguide AR imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical waveguide AR imaging system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical waveguide AR imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "middle", "lower", etc. indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description of the present invention rather than requiring the present invention to be necessarily patterned and operated in a specific position, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The utility model provides a frivolous type optical waveguide AR optical imaging system, a serial communication port, including light source system (1), optical waveguide (2), little display chip (3), coupling unit (4).
The light source system (1) and the micro display chip (3) are respectively arranged on two sides of the optical waveguide (2), the light emitting end of the light source system (1) faces the micro display chip (3), and light emitted by the light source system (1) is incident to the micro display chip (3) through the optical waveguide (2); the phase modulation unit (203) is arranged in the micro display chip (3), and the phase modulation unit (203) is used for adjusting the light emitted by the micro display chip (3) to be transmitted in the optical waveguide (2) in a total reflection manner; the light totally reflected and transmitted in the optical waveguide (2) is transmitted to the coupling-out unit (4) along the optical waveguide (2), and the light emitted by the coupling-out unit (4) passes through the optical waveguide (2) and is then emitted from the optical waveguide (2).
The light source system (1) comprises a light source and a collimation system, wherein the light emitting end of the light source system (1) forms the light emitting end of the light source system (1), the collimation system is used for enabling light emitted by the light source to be incident into the micro display chip (3) in a vertical posture, and the collimation system comprises at least one lens.
The micro display chip (3) is a reflective LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) micro display chip (3) and is used for generating image information, the structure of the micro display chip is shown in figure 1, and the micro display chip (3) comprises a phase modulation unit (203), a CMOS circuit layer (201), an anode layer (202), a Liquid Crystal layer (204) and an electrode layer (205); the CMOS circuit layer, the anode layer (202), the phase modulation unit (203), the liquid crystal layer (204) and the electrode layer (205) are stacked in sequence; the electrode layer is an ITO electrode layer.
The electrode layer (205) forms the working end of the micro-display chip (3), the ITO electrode layer is in gapless contact with the optical waveguide (2), or an air gap exists between the ITO electrode layer and the optical waveguide (2): the ITO electrode layer is contacted with the middle layer (002) of the optical waveguide (2) or contacted with the upper layer (001) of the optical waveguide (2), and can be contacted without clearance or with air gaps, and the position of the ITO electrode layer ensures that the ITO electrode layer faces the light source system (1), so that the light generated and emitted by the light source system (1) enters the micro display chip (3).
The anode layer (202) is a metal electrode layer, and the metal electrode layer can be an Al electrode, a TiN electrode or other metal electrode layers; the liquid crystal layer (204) is used for adjusting and controlling the amplitude and the phase of light, and the liquid crystal is conventional liquid crystal, and can be VA (Vertical Alignment) liquid crystal, TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal or the like; the electrode layer (205) is ITO glass; when the micro display chip (3) is prepared, a CMOS circuit layer is formed on the monocrystalline silicon through a photoetching technology, a metal electrode layer is plated on the CMOS circuit layer, and a liquid crystal layer (204) is filled between the metal electrode layer and the ITO glass.
The angle of light emitted from the micro display chip (3) is regulated and controlled through the phase modulation unit (203) in the micro display chip (3) to be totally reflected in the optical waveguide (2), which is equivalent to that a light coupling unit is not required to be arranged in the system, and light meeting the requirement of total reflection is directly emitted from the micro display chip (3), so that the structure of the imaging system is simpler, and the volume of the imaging system is reduced.
The phase modulation unit (203) is a polymer blazed grating or a blazed grating formed on the basis of an inorganic nanometer super surface, is positioned on the anode layer (202), namely on the metal electrode layer, and modulates the outgoing angle of light by adopting the blazed grating, wherein the blazed grating can be the polymer blazed grating or the blazed grating formed on the basis of the inorganic nanometer super surface.
In one embodiment, a polymer blazed grating is selected, a polymer material such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) is adopted for film formation, a blazed grating structure is prepared by a hot stamping method, and a metal film with the thickness of 30nm is deposited on the surface of the grating by a magnetron sputtering method to increase the reflection performance of the surface of the grating, wherein the structure is changed along with the structural design of the optical waveguide (2).
Based on a blazed grating formed by the inorganic nano super surface, the phase modulation unit (203) can be replaced by a super structure surface, the super structure surface can be flexibly designed, and the optical field can be randomly regulated and controlled; the super-structure surface can be any type of geometrical phase type, waveguide phase type and the like, and the material can be Cr and TiO2a-Si, and other metals or dielectric materials. In one embodiment, the blazed grating formed by the inorganic nano super surface is TiO2The material(s) of the material(s),the incident light can realize certain angle deflection after being subjected to the phase modulation of the surface of the super structure, and finally is emitted into the optical waveguide (2) structure.
The optical waveguide (2) has a multilayer structure, and may be made of one of materials such as resin and glass, and its structure is shown in fig. 2. The optical waveguide (2) comprises an upper layer (001), a middle layer (002) and a lower layer (003), and the refractive indexes of the three layers of materials are sequentially
(ii) a The upper layer (001) is a hard coating film for preventing scratches, the middle layer (002) is made of glass material, and the lower layer (003) is an antireflection film for increasing light transmittance.
In order to ensure that the light which is modulated by the phase modulator in the micro-display chip (3) and then emitted into the optical waveguide (2) propagates in the optical waveguide (2) in a total reflection mode, the reflection angle theta of the light emitted from the micro-display chip (3) after entering the optical waveguide (2) satisfies the following conditions: theta>arcsin（n1/n2）, θ>arcsin（n3/n2）。
The coupling-out unit (4) and the optical waveguide (2) may be integrally formed or non-integrally formed. In an embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-out unit (4) and the optical waveguide (2) are integrally formed, and the coupling-out unit (4) is an array coupling-out unit or a diffraction coupling-out unit.
The coupling-out unit (4) can be clamped between the upper layer (001) and the middle layer (002) of the optical waveguide (2) and is close to the inner side of the upper layer (001), or part of the upper layer (001) in the optical waveguide (2) is etched by etching and other methods, the etched area is matched with the size of the coupling-out unit (4), the coupling-out unit (4) is arranged in the area where the upper layer (001) is etched, because the upper layer (001) is not separated between the coupling-out unit (4) and the middle layer (002) of the optical waveguide (2), the light totally reflected and transmitted in the optical waveguide (2) can be incident into the coupling-out unit (4);
the coupling-out unit (4) can be further clamped between the lower layer (003) and the middle layer (002) of the optical waveguide (2) and is close to the inner side of the lower layer (003), or the lower layer (003) in the optical waveguide (2) is etched by etching and other methods, the etched region is matched with the size of the coupling-out unit (4), and the coupling-out unit (4) is arranged in the region where the lower layer (003) is etched, because the lower layer (003) is not separated between the coupling-out unit (4) and the middle layer (002) of the optical waveguide (2), light totally reflected and transmitted in the optical waveguide (2) can be incident into the coupling-out unit (4);
the coupling-out unit (4) is arranged on the upper side or the lower side of the light guide (2), and the light ray is specifically seen to exit from the light guide (2).
In one embodiment, an array type coupling-out unit is adopted, the coupling-out unit (4) is composed of a plurality of semi-transparent and semi-reflective reflecting surfaces, the number of the reflecting surfaces is six, and each reflecting surface is pressed and molded in a physical gluing mode; the reflectivity and the transmissivity of each surface of the six semi-transparent semi-reflective reflecting surfaces are different from each other, the reflectivity and the transmissivity are selected to meet the requirement that pictures with consistent brightness enter human eyes, the output coupling part is a synthetic surface of an external scene and a virtual image, and synthetic light rays jointly penetrate through the optical waveguide (2) to enter the human eyes.
In one embodiment, the diffraction type coupling-out unit is adopted to obtain higher transmittance and larger viewing angle than the array type coupling-out unit, the coupling-out unit (4) can be an SRG (Surface Relief Grating) type coupling-out unit or a VHG (Volume phase holographic Grating) type coupling-out unit, the present embodiment preferably adopts an SRG coupling-out unit, the process is more mature and stable, and the SRG coupling-out unit is formed by SiO2Depositing a Cr film and photoresist on the layer, forming a structure by ultraviolet exposure and dry etching, removing the photoresist, and finally forming an SRG type coupling-out structure by reactive ion beam etching, wherein the specific grating structure needs to be calculated according to a reflection angle theta and a field angle.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a light and thin type optical waveguide (2) AR imaging system including a light source system (1), a polarization unit (5), an optical waveguide (2), a micro display chip (3), a coupling-out unit (4), and a polarization detection unit (6).
The light source in the light source system (1) is a non-polarized light source emitting non-polarized light, the non-polarized light source comprises an RGB (red, green and blue) three-color LED light source capable of performing time sequence control, and the collimation system adopts a single lens or a plurality of lenses to perform light collimation so as to ensure that the light emitted by the light source is incident on the micro-display chip (3) in a vertical posture, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the utilization rate of the light.
LCOS micro display chip (3), light source system (1), polarizing unit (5) set up in the position that is close to light guide (2) one end, and: the micro display chip (3) and the light source system (1) are respectively arranged at the upper side and the lower side of the light guide (2), and the polarizing unit (5) is arranged between the light source system (1) and the light guide (2);
the coupling-out unit (4) and the polarization-detecting unit (6) are arranged close to the other end of the optical waveguide (2), and: the coupling-out unit (4) and the polarization analyzing unit (6) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the optical waveguide (2), and the coupling-out unit (4) and the optical waveguide (2) are of an integrated structure.
The polarization detection unit (6) and the coupling-out unit (4) are respectively arranged on two sides of the optical waveguide (2), a polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6) faces the coupling-out unit (4), the light totally reflected in the optical waveguide (2) is emitted out through the coupling-out unit (4), and the light emitted out through the coupling-out unit (4) sequentially passes through the optical waveguide (2) and the polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6).
Due to the special imaging of the LCoS micro-display chip (3), polarized light is needed for imaging, and therefore a polarizing unit (5) is needed, in the embodiment, the polarizing unit (5) is a polarizing plate, the polarizing plate can be a linear polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate, and the material can be glass or a film material.
In order to further improve the light utilization rate and reduce the volume of the imaging system, the linear polarizer film is adopted as a polarizing device in the embodiment, the polarization direction of the linear polarizer film and the liquid crystal coordination direction form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the surface of the polarizer film is provided with an adhesive layer which is directly attached to the optical waveguide (2).
In the embodiment, the polarizing unit (5) is located between the light source system (1) and the optical waveguide (2) structure, the light emitted from the coupling-out unit (4) needs to be processed by the polarization detection unit (6) to ensure that the human eye can observe the image, and the polarization direction of the polarization detection unit (6) is the same as that of the polarizing unit (5).
In another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the polarizing unit (5) is placed between the micro display chip (3) and the optical waveguide (2), and the polarizing unit (5) also functions as the polarization analyzing unit (6), and this polarizing unit (5) constitutes only one polarizing device (7) in the imaging system, and the polarization plane in the polarizing device (7) faces the micro display chip (3), and this structure further reduces the volume of the imaging system.
The apparatus shown in fig. 4 is suitable for two imaging systems: one is that the light source in the imaging system is an unpolarized light source including an LED light source, and the other is that the light source in the imaging system is a polarized light source including a laser.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the light source in the light source system (1) is a polarized light source for generating polarized light, the polarized light source comprising a laser; the light source system (1) also comprises a collimation system, and the collimation system adopts a single lens or a plurality of lenses to collimate light so as to ensure that the light emitted by the light source is incident on the micro-display chip (3) in a vertical posture, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the utilization rate of the light.
The imaging system in which the light source is a polarized light source further comprises: the polarization detection unit (6), the polarization detection unit (6) and the coupling-out unit (4) are respectively arranged on two sides of the optical waveguide (2), a polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6) faces the coupling-out unit (4), light totally reflected in the optical waveguide (2) is emitted out through the coupling-out unit (4), and light emitted out of the coupling-out unit (4) sequentially passes through the optical waveguide (2) and the polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6).
The utility model provides a frivolous type optical waveguide AR imaging system through added the phase modulation unit control emergent light angle such as blazed grating in little display chip, makes the light of little display chip outgoing directly enter into waveguide structure, need not the coupling and goes into optical structure, and waveguide structural design is simple. In addition, the PBS optical elements are reduced in the imaging system, the manufacturing and assembling are simple, the size of the whole optical module is reduced, the light utilization rate is improved, the whole optical imaging system is closer to the heart state of the glasses, the weight is lighter, the wearing is convenient, and the experience of a user is improved.
The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A light and thin type optical waveguide AR optical imaging system is characterized by comprising a light source system (1), an optical waveguide (2), a micro display chip (3) and a coupling-out unit (4);
the light source system (1) and the micro display chip (3) are respectively arranged at two sides of the optical waveguide (2), the light emitting end of the light source system (1) faces to the working end of the micro display chip (3), and light emitted by the light source system (1) is incident to the micro display chip (3) through the optical waveguide (2);
the phase modulation unit (203) is arranged in the micro display chip (3), and the phase modulation unit (203) is used for adjusting the light emitted by the micro display chip (3) to be transmitted in the optical waveguide (2) in a total reflection manner;
the light totally reflected and transmitted in the optical waveguide (2) is transmitted to the coupling-out unit (4) along the optical waveguide (2), and the light emitted by the coupling-out unit (4) passes through the optical waveguide (2) and is then emitted from the optical waveguide (2).
2. The light-thin optical waveguide AR optical imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase modulation unit (203) is a polymer type blazed grating or a blazed grating formed based on inorganic nano-super-surface.
3. The light-weight thin optical waveguide AR optical imaging system of claim 1,
the light source system (1) comprises an unpolarized light source for generating and emitting unpolarized light, and the light emitting end of the unpolarized light source forms the light emitting end of the light source system (1);
the imaging system also comprises a polarizing unit (5) and a polarization analyzing unit (6);
the polarizing unit (5) is clamped between the light source system (1) and the optical waveguide (2);
the polarization detection unit (6) and the coupling-out unit (4) are respectively arranged on two sides of the optical waveguide (2), a polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6) faces the coupling-out unit (4), the light totally reflected in the optical waveguide (2) is emitted out through the coupling-out unit (4), and the light emitted out through the coupling-out unit (4) sequentially passes through the optical waveguide (2) and the polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6);
the polarization directions of the polarization analyzing unit (6) and the polarization unit (5) are the same.
4. The light-weight thin optical waveguide AR optical imaging system of claim 1,
the light source system (1) comprises a polarized light source for generating and emitting polarized light, and the light emitting end of the polarized light source forms the light emitting end of the light source system (1);
the imaging system further comprises an analyzer unit (6);
the polarization detection unit (6) and the coupling-out unit (4) are respectively arranged on two sides of the optical waveguide (2), a polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6) faces the coupling-out unit (4), the light totally reflected in the optical waveguide (2) is emitted out through the coupling-out unit (4), and the light emitted out through the coupling-out unit (4) sequentially passes through the optical waveguide (2) and the polarization surface in the polarization detection unit (6).
5. The light-weight thin optical waveguide AR optical imaging system of claim 1,
the light source system (1) comprises a light source, the light source is an unpolarized light source for generating and emitting unpolarized light or a polarized light source for generating and emitting polarized light, and the light emitting end of the unpolarized light source and the light emitting end of the polarized light source respectively form the light emitting end of the light source system (1) corresponding to the unpolarized light source;
the imaging system further comprises a polarizing device (7), wherein the polarizing device (7) is clamped between the micro display chip and the optical waveguide (2), and a polarizing surface in the polarizing device (7) faces the micro display chip (3).
6. The light-thin optical waveguide AR optical imaging system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the light source system (1) comprises a collimation system; the collimation system is used for enabling the light emitted by the light source system to be incident into the micro display chip (3) in a vertical posture.
7. The light-weight thin-profile optical waveguide AR optical imaging system of claim 6, wherein said collimating system comprises at least one lens.
8. The light-thin optical waveguide AR optical imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that said micro-display chip (3) further comprises a CMOS circuit layer (201), an anode layer (202), a liquid crystal layer (204), an electrode layer (205);
the CMOS circuit layer (201), the anode layer (202), the phase modulation unit (203), the liquid crystal layer (204) and the electrode layer (205) are stacked in sequence;
the electrode layer (205) forms the working end of the micro display chip (3).
9. The light-thin optical waveguide AR optical imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling-out unit (4) is an array coupling-out unit or a diffraction coupling-out unit.
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