CN213689791U - Multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device, which adopts a suitcase structure and comprises a box body, a working power supply, a panel, an automobile electrical appliance traditional circuit experimental unit, an electric control experimental unit, a fault setting module and accessories; the working power supply, the panel, the traditional circuit experiment unit of the automobile electrical appliance, the electric control experiment unit, the fault setting module and the accessories are arranged on the box body; the box body comprises an upper box cover and a lower box body, and the working power supply and the fault setting module are arranged on a bottom plate of the lower box body in a concealed mode; the panel is arranged at the top end of the lower box body; the panel is an installation base body of all the obviously installed devices, the left side of the panel is an automobile electrical appliance traditional circuit experiment unit, and the right side of the panel is an electric control experiment unit; the working power supply is mounted on the panel. The experimental device is suitable for teaching of the traditional circuit of the automobile electrical system without the controller and is also suitable for teaching of the automobile electrical system with the controller.

Description

Multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a teaching experiment of car electrical system equips technical field, specifically is a multi-function vehicle electrical apparatus experimental apparatus.

Background

Nowadays, control circuits of automobile electrical equipment can be divided into two types, one type is a traditional automobile circuit, and the other type is an automobile circuit with a controller, the two types are different in that the former does not have a controller, a switch or a relay is connected in series between a power supply and the electrical equipment, and the switch directly controls or the relay indirectly controls the work of the electrical equipment; the core device of the automobile circuit in which the controller participates is a microcontroller, the switch does not directly control the work of the electric equipment, but only provides a control signal for the controller to represent the control intention, and then the controller controls the work of the electric equipment according to the switch signal. The automobile circuit with the participation of the controller has the following advantages: 1. the current load flowing through the control switch is reduced, the sectional area of the wire is reduced, and the cost is saved. 2. The signal multiplexing, a circuit transmits multiple switch signals respectively, the different working states of the switch are represented, such as the switch signals of the glass lifter of the Mitsung car, the inching window lifting, the inching window lowering and the key window lowering are all transmitted by the same wire. 3. The controller can adopt duty ratio signal control consumer's work, for example, can come the rotational speed of control fuel pump motor according to the operating mode of engine difference, make it enough satisfy the demand of engine to the fuel quantity, also excessive pump oil to reduce the energy consumption. 4. The controller can monitor the working condition of the electric equipment in real time, and once the circuit where the electric equipment is located has faults of short circuit, open circuit and the like, the controller immediately cuts off power supply, so that the system safety is ensured. Therefore, the technology related to the automobile electrical system has not only traditional automobile circuit knowledge but also microcontroller knowledge, and has both hardware and software, and the teaching system is generally divided into a plurality of teaching modules such as automobile electrical appliances, an automobile singlechip, an automobile body electric control system and the like in a course system, and the teaching implementation must be supported by hardware equipment in a certain form or quantity.

In the course of automobile electric appliances, the traditional automobile circuit, namely the automobile circuit without the participation of a controller, is mainly studied, and although the circuit is seemingly simple, students generally feel that the study difficulty is large, and the study is mainly expressed as follows:

1. the original factory circuit diagram cannot be read, the working principle of the unit circuit cannot be analyzed, and the circuit diagram cannot be drawn correctly;

2. electrical characteristics of functional devices in an automobile electrical system, such as switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays, glass lifters, wipers, motors, electric horns and the like, are not known;

3. the method does not know how to detect the electrical characteristics of various devices, and does not detect and judge the quality of the devices;

4. the composition structure, control relationship and circuit principle of each unit circuit of the automobile electrical equipment cannot be really understood;

5. the fault of the electrical equipment of the automobile can not be detected and maintained, and the fault forming mechanism can not be diagnosed and analyzed.

In the course of the automobile singlechip, the structure and the principle of the singlechip and the design of C language program are mainly learned, so that students can talk about the color change of the 'machine', and the color change is mainly expressed;

1. the working principle of the single chip microcomputer is not known;

2. not knowing how the single chip microcomputer controls the electrical equipment of the automobile;

3. the structure of the program C is not mastered, the program cannot be read and understood, and the program design is not mentioned;

4. the program can not be debugged, compiled and downloaded;

5. the role of the interface circuit is not understood.

The teaching device has the advantages that the teaching device has the problems in the teaching process, the reasons are not limited to three aspects, and the teaching device with strong pertinence and practicability is lacking; secondly, teaching of the single chip course is separated from automobile electrical equipment, the associated teaching of the controller and the automobile electrical equipment cannot be well realized, and students cannot intuitively perceive the practical application of the controller; third, there is no chance of manual practice, students have no chance of testing the electrical characteristics of real devices in the automobile electrical system, and have no chance of setting up a circuit in person, so that the circuit connection relationship, the control relationship and the working principle among various switches, controllers and electric equipment in a circuit diagram can not be really understood, and there is no chance of debugging, compiling and downloading programs, so that it is difficult to really understand and master the relevant knowledge of the automobile electrical system in which the controllers participate.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device which can be used for the teaching of the traditional (without a controller) automobile electrical system and the teaching of the automobile electrical system participated by the controller; students can test the electrical characteristics of real devices in an automobile electrical system and can also complete the construction of a typical automobile electrical equipment unit working circuit; the method can be used for verifying the working principle of the automobile electrical system and can also be used for fault diagnosis; besides, students can complete programming, debugging, compiling and downloading by virtue of a microcomputer and software such as keil, stc-isp and the like, a unit circuit of an automobile electrical system participated by the controller is built through an input/output interface circuit, the reality sense is controlled by the controller to the automobile electrical equipment, and related knowledge of bottom layer design is mastered, so that the problems in the background technology are solved.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:

a multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device adopts a portable structure of a suitcase, and comprises a box body, a working power supply, a panel, an automobile electrical appliance traditional circuit experimental unit, an electric control experimental unit, a fault setting module and accessories; the working power supply, the panel, the traditional circuit experiment unit of the automobile electrical appliance, the electric control experiment unit, the fault setting module and the accessories are arranged on the box body;

the box body comprises an upper box cover and a lower box body, and the upper box cover is hinged with the lower box body; the lower box body is a mounting base body of all concealed devices, and the working power supply and the fault setting module are mounted on a bottom plate of the lower box body in a concealed mode;

two accessory bags are adhered to the inner surface of the upper box cover; accessories are placed in the accessory bag;

the panel is arranged at the top end of the lower box body; the panel is an installation base body of all the obviously-installed devices and is divided into a left area and a right area, wherein the left side is an automobile electrical appliance traditional circuit experiment unit, and the right side is an electric control experiment unit;

the working power supply is installed on the panel, the working power supply adopts an AC220V 360W switching power supply, the output of the switching power supply is DC12V, the simulated automobile power supply system supplies power to other parts, the output of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the simulated automobile power supply system adopts a 4mm test jack to output the power to the outside, and a group of DC12V positive and negative electrode sockets are respectively arranged at the upper left position, the lower left position, the upper right position and the lower right position of the panel.

Further, the conventional circuit experiment unit of the automobile electric appliance comprises an automobile lighting system, a sound and signal system, an automobile electric seat, a glass lifter and an electric windscreen wiper, and a fuse, a switch, a relay, a bulb and a motor related to the systems.

Further, the electronic control experiment unit comprises a DC-DC module, a single chip microcomputer control module and an input/output interface circuit.

Furthermore, the DC-DC module adopts an XL4015 chip, inputs DC12V, is provided by a panel DC12V power jack, and outputs DC5V, so that the working requirement of the singlechip control module is met.

Furthermore, the input interface circuit adopts an NEC2705 optocoupler, and the input and output interface circuit realizes the connection of the singlechip with various switches and electric equipment in the traditional circuit experimental unit of the automobile electrical appliance.

Furthermore, the single-chip microcomputer control module adopts a 51-single-chip microcomputer universal development board, all I/O ports of P0-P3 are connected out through pins, and the DuPont wire is used for achieving connection with the input/output interface circuit.

Furthermore, the 51-singlechip development board is provided with 4 independent keys, an 8-path horse race lamp circuit, a buzzer and a 4-digit nixie tube, and the power supply of the 51-singlechip development board is controlled by adopting a jumper cap.

Further, the fault setting module comprises a 16-way wireless remote control switch, wherein a coding chip of the wireless remote control switch adopts PT 2264; and the fault setting module is connected with an electrical device through a terminal by adopting a relay.

Furthermore, the accessory comprises a power line, a usb data downloading line, a DuPont line, a testing line, a fuse for simulating a fault, a relay and a connecting line.

Furthermore, a horn socket is also arranged on the panel.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. the utility model provides a multi-functional car electrical apparatus experimental apparatus relates to the experimental apparatus that novel electric control circuit that one set of car electrical apparatus traditional circuit and controller participated in combined together, both had been applicable to the teaching of the car electrical system traditional circuit of no controller, also was applicable to the teaching of the car electrical system that has the controller to participate in.

2. The utility model provides a multi-functional car electrical apparatus experimental apparatus adopts the power supply of AC220V, gets the electricity convenience, and fortune dimension is with low costs, and the reliability is high.

3. The utility model provides a multifunctional automobile electrical apparatus experimental apparatus, the integrated level is high, and the principle that the device lectotype combines adopts the emulation, and key parts such as fuse, relay, flash relay, klaxon, far-reaching headlamp, dipped headlight, ignition switch, light combination switch, danger alarm lamp switch, glass-frame riser switch all adopt masses Santana 3000 former car spare parts, and the device is complete independent, and the terminal is all connect out, conveniently tests the electrical characteristics of device; the lamps except the head lamp and the turn lamp used in the light and signal system are simulated by adopting a DC12V indicator lamp, a horn switch, a turn switch and the like are simulated by adopting a general switch with the same function, and electric equipment taking a direct current motor as a core, such as an electric seat, an electric wiper, a glass lifter and the like, is simulated by sharing one direct current motor.

4. The utility model provides a multi-function vehicle electrical apparatus experimental apparatus provides the connecting wire of the multiple specification of multiform, and the device is though completely independent, nevertheless uses supporting connecting wire to build the actual circuit that accords with former factory's circuit diagram control relation completely to verify the theory of operation of each unit circuit, observe automobile electrical equipment's actual behavior.

5. The utility model provides a multi-function vehicle electrical apparatus experimental apparatus, accessible operation remote controller and change trouble device dual mode completion trouble setting, reappear the trouble phenomenon for real standard and failure diagnosis and failure mechanism analysis of car electrical system testing and maintenance.

6. The utility model provides a multi-functional automobile electrical apparatus experimental apparatus, automatically controlled experiment unit core part adopts one set of technological maturity, 51 singlechip development board that the resource is enough, and the development board has basic resources such as 4 independent buttons, 8 horse race lamps, 4 charactron, bee calling organ, can test simulation earlier, actual control automobile electrical equipment again after the program debugging succeeds, and the IO mouth is whole to be connect out independently, and convenient and input/output interface circuit plugs into, builds actual control circuit.

7. The utility model provides a multi-functional car electrical apparatus experimental apparatus can be used to the fault diagnosis teaching of the car electrical system that the controller participated in.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an external view of a case;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the case;

FIG. 3 is a panel layout;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system architecture;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a remote control encoding and transmitting circuit;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fault setup module control relationship;

FIG. 7 is a layout diagram of an electronic control experiment unit;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC module;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an input interface circuit;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an output interface circuit;

FIG. 11 is a single-chip cpu circuit;

FIG. 12 is a pin-out circuit;

FIG. 13 is a trojan lamp circuit;

FIG. 14 is a stand-alone keying circuit;

FIG. 15 is a typical operating circuit for an automotive horn;

FIG. 16 is a typical operating circuit for an automotive headlamp;

FIG. 17 shows an operating circuit for a steering lamp and a hazard warning lamp of an automobile;

fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of an operating circuit of a steering lamp and a danger warning lamp of an automobile with the participation of a controller.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The utility model provides a multi-functional car electrical apparatus experimental apparatus, adopts the portable structure of suitcase, includes box, working power supply, panel, car electrical apparatus tradition circuit experiment unit, automatically controlled experiment unit, trouble setting module, annex. The box adopts aluminum alloy frame, middle high density board, high strength fabric inside lining, chromium plating hardware connection structure, external dimension: 7500 × 5000 × 200, and the case is the mounting base of the rest components.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the experimental box is composed of an upper box cover and a lower box body, which are connected by a hinge, a panel is installed on the top of the lower box body, and wool fabric is adhered to the inner surface of the upper box cover to form 2 accessory bags for placing accessories, data and the like. The working power supply adopts a switching power supply, inputs AC220V, outputs DC12V and power 360W, and is arranged on a bottom plate in the lower box body. The fault setting module is also mounted on the bottom plate of the lower box body.

Referring to fig. 3, the panel includes a conventional circuit experiment unit, an electronic control experiment unit, a DC12V power output jack, and a speaker jack. The DC12V power supply provides 4 groups of outputs altogether, is located panel "car electrical apparatus tradition circuit experiment unit" part upper left, lower left, upper right, lower right position respectively, and the anodal red test socket that adopts the diameter 4mm of power, the negative pole of power adopts the black test socket that adopts the diameter 4 mm.

Referring to fig. 4, the structural block diagram of the system is divided into an upper part and a lower part by taking the electric equipment as a center, wherein the upper part is a traditional circuit experiment unit of the automobile electric appliance, the lower part is an electric control experiment unit, and the upper part and the lower part share the electric equipment. In traditional circuit experimental unit, including all common devices of car light and signal system and car auxiliary electrical apparatus, wherein car light and signal system consumer have: stop lights, turn lights, high beam lights, dipped headlights, front fog lights, rear fog lights, hazard warning lights, brake lights, backup lights, tail lights; the related switches comprise an ignition switch, a light combination switch, a brake light switch, a reversing light switch, a turn light switch, a hazard warning light switch and a horn switch; the signal system further comprises a flash relay and a loudspeaker, the flash relay is used for a working circuit of the turn light and the hazard warning light, the loudspeaker is used for a sound warning signal, the loudspeaker is installed on a bottom plate of the lower box body, and a terminal of the loudspeaker is arranged at the lower right corner of the panel. The auxiliary electrical devices of the automobile comprise an automobile glass lifter, an electric rearview mirror, a glass washer, an electric seat, an electric skylight and a windscreen wiper, and have the common characteristic that a direct current motor is used as an actuator, so that the auxiliary electrical devices are all simulated by using one direct current motor, and in addition, a glass lifter switch and a 3-position universal switch are arranged for controlling the auxiliary electrical devices. The safety device comprises a fuse, a relay1, a relay2 and an X contact relay. All the devices independently exist, all the device terminals are connected out, and the yellow test jack with the diameter of 4mm is connected to the panel, so that the electrical characteristics of various devices can be conveniently tested, and a circuit can be conveniently built. The electric control experiment unit comprises a DC-DC module, an input/output interface circuit and a single chip microcomputer control module. The DC-DC module inputs DC12V and outputs DC5V through a panel to meet the working requirement of the single chip microcomputer control module, and the input and output interface circuit realizes the connection between the single chip microcomputer and various switches, electric equipment and other devices in a 'traditional circuit experiment unit of automobile electrical appliances'.

The fault setting module is used for setting circuit faults in a remote control mode. Referring to fig. 4, all the devices in bold type are controlled by the fault setting module, and some devices may have one terminal controlled, such as a fuse, where one terminal is connected to the panel socket after passing through the fault setting module, and the fault can be set whether the terminal is used as a power input or an output. There are devices that may have multiple terminals controlled, such as a light combination switch, where the left side width light switch 58L, the head light switch 56, and the front fog light switch NL are all controlled by the fault setting module. The following paragraphs of specific principles detail.

Referring to fig. 8, the DC-DC module uses XL4015 chip, the input DC12V can be provided by panel DC12V power jack, the output DC5V, XL4015 chip has wide voltage range, low power consumption, strong loading capacity, and its input voltage: 5V-32V, output voltage: the voltage of the power supply is adjustable from 0.8V to 24V, the conversion efficiency can reach 90%, the maximum output current can reach 5A, the performance is obviously superior to that of similar chips, and the DC5V electric energy requirement required by the electric control experiment unit of the experiment box can be met.

It can be seen from fig. 7 that the single-chip microcomputer control module adopts a 51-chip microcomputer general development board. Referring to fig. 12, all I/O ports of P0-P3 are connected by pins, and the connection with the input/output interface circuit can be realized by using a dupont line.

Referring to fig. 11 to 14, the universal 51-chip microcomputer development board has resources such as 4 independent keys, 8-way horse race lamp circuit, buzzer, 4-bit nixie tube, etc. The power supply of the electric system unit is controlled by adopting the jumper cap, the jumper cap can be pulled down to stop the power supply of the corresponding circuit when the electric system unit is not needed, the horse race lamp circuit can be used for program test, actual devices of the electric system of the automobile are not needed to be connected in the design test stage, the control operation of the devices can be simulated through the horse race lamp circuit, after the program test is successful, the horse race lamp circuit is disconnected for power supply, a contact pin through an I/O port is connected with an input and output interface circuit by using a DuPont wire, and then the interface circuit is connected with the actual switch of the electric system of the automobile, the electric equipment and the like to build the working circuit of the electric system unit of the automobile participat.

Referring to fig. 9, an input interface circuit adopts an NEC2705 optocoupler, two light emitting diodes are designed in the input interface circuit, high and low levels are effectively set, no matter a switching signal in an automobile electrical system is 12V or 0V of ground, the interface circuit can output low levels, the output side of an optocoupler device adopts DC5V for power supply, when no input signal exists, the interface circuit outputs high level DC5V, when a signal is input, the output low level is about 0.2V, and therefore electrical isolation between DC12V of the automobile electrical system and a DC5V system of a controller is achieved.

Referring to fig. 10, the output interface circuit uses NEC2705 optocouplers, both input and output ends use DC5V for power supply, and the input signal supports effective setting of high and low levels, which facilitates programming; the output end adopts a PNP type triode S8550 to drive a relay, the intermediate contact of the relay supports high and low level selection, when the switch is switched on DC12V and the relay is switched on, the normally open terminal NO of the relay outputs DC12V, and power supply to a controlled device is realized; when the switch selects grounding, when the relay is switched on, the normally open terminal NO of the relay outputs DC0V, namely, the grounding control of the controlled device is realized, therefore, the output interface circuit can meet the use requirement NO matter the controlled circuit supplies power or controls grounding in the automobile electrical system.

Referring to fig. 5 to 6, the implementation of the fault setting function is completed by the remote controller and the fault setting module, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coding and transmitting circuit of the remote controller, and as can be seen from fig. 5, a coding chip adopts PT2264, and PINs PIN10 to PIN13 thereof are data bits, when switches SW0 to SW15 are pressed down respectively, different data bits are connected with the positive pole of the power supply, different codes are generated, and the codes are transmitted by the remote control transmitting circuit.

As can be seen from fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of fault setting control, the wireless receiving circuit and the signal processing circuit receive the remote control signal, then amplify and process the remote control signal, complete decoding, and determine the Relay to be driven according to the decoding, SW0 to SW15 respectively correspond to relays Relay1 to Relay16, and the Relay driving circuit drives the corresponding relays to operate. The action of the relay determines the on-off of the circuit between the terminal of the connected device and the terminal on the panel so as to realize the setting of open circuit or virtual connection fault, and the specific functions are as follows:

1. and power failure of the power supply. And (4) fault point: the output side of the fuse FS1 is open. The Relay switch is connected in series between one end of the fuse FS1 and a terminal on the panel, when the Relay1 operates, the COM1 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC1, the output of the fuse FS1 is cut off, and the power supply line open fault can be set.

2. And power failure of the power supply. And (4) fault point: the output side of the fuse FS2 is virtually connected. When the Relay2 operates, the COM2 terminal is connected with the normally open terminal NO2, and the COM2 terminal is output by the output terminal of the fuse FS2 after passing through a resistance of 5 ohms, so that the fault of virtual connection of a circuit can be simulated.

3. Open circuit failure of the power bond wire. And (4) fault point: the negative pole bond wire of the power supply socket at the lower left is broken. When the Relay3 operates, the COM3 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC3, and the power negative socket at the lower left of the panel is disconnected from the power negative.

4. And the power grounding virtual connection fails. And (4) fault point: the negative pole earth wire of the power supply socket at the lower right is connected in a virtual mode. When the Relay4 acts, the COM4 terminal is connected with the normally open terminal NO4, and the power negative socket at the lower left position of the panel is connected to the power negative through a resistor of 5 omega, so that the fault of virtual connection of the grounding wire can be simulated.

5. Switch failure (left small lamp failure). And (4) fault point: the light switch 58L (left stop lamp) terminal output is open. When the Relay5 operates, the COM5 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC5, and the 58L socket on the panel is disconnected from the 58L pin of the light switch. The fault that the small light gear on the left side of the light combination switch is damaged can be simulated.

6. The switch fails. (headlight failure). And (4) fault point: the terminal output of the light switch 56 is open circuit, and can be used for headlight fault setting. When the Relay6 operates, the COM6 terminal is disconnected with the normally closed terminal NC6, and the socket 56 on the panel is disconnected with the pin 56 of the light switch. The failure of damage of the headlight gear of the light combination switch can be simulated.

7. The switch fails. (fog lamp failure). And (4) fault point: and the light switch NL terminal is open-circuited and can be used for setting the fault of the front fog lamp. When the Relay7 operates, the COM7 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC7, and the NL socket on the panel is disconnected from the NL pin of the light switch. The fault that the front fog lamp switch of the lamplight combination switch is damaged can be simulated.

8. The switch fails. And (4) fault point: the switch S1 (1 st gear) is open, and can be used for light change control. When the Relay8 operates, the COM8 terminal and the normally closed terminal NC8 are disconnected, and the switch S1 on the panel opens between the socket No. 2 and the socket No. 3. The failure of the light-changing switch damage can be simulated.

Relay No. 9.1 failed. And (4) fault point: relay No. 1 85 terminal to coil internal open circuit; the relay circuit breaker can be used for controlling lighting, loudspeakers and other electric equipment and simulating the open circuit fault of the electromagnetic coil of the relay No. 1. When the Relay9 operates, the COM9 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC9, and the connection between the socket of the panel Relay terminal 85 and the 85 terminal of the Relay solenoid coil No. 1 is disconnected. The failure of the damaged relay coil can be simulated.

Relay No. 10.2 failed. And (4) fault point: terminal 87 has no output. When the Relay10 operates, the COM10 terminal and the normally closed terminal NC10 are disconnected, and the on-panel Relay terminal 87 socket and the No. 2 Relay switch side 87 terminal are disconnected. The failure of the relay switch damage can be simulated.

11. The flash relay fails. And (4) fault point: the flash relay 49a has no output at its terminal. When the Relay11 operates, the COM11 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC11, and the socket 49a of the flash Relay terminal on the panel is disconnected from the terminal 49a of the flash Relay. The damage fault of the flash relay can be simulated.

12. And a switch failure of the danger alarm lamp. And (4) fault point: the hazard warning lamp switch 49a panel terminal to switch internal open circuit fault. When the Relay12 operates, the COM12 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC12, and the 49a terminal socket of the hazard lamp switch on the panel and the 49a terminal of the hazard lamp switch are disconnected. The failure of the hazard warning light switch damage can be simulated.

13. The horn switch failed. And (4) fault point: the input terminal of the horn switch is disconnected from the interior of the switch, and the damage fault of the switch is simulated. When the Relay13 operates, the COM13 terminal is disconnected from the normally closed terminal NC13, and the socket of the horn switch terminal 1 on the panel is disconnected from the terminal No. 1 of the horn switch. The failure of horn switch damage can be simulated.

14. Failure of the high beam. And (4) fault point: the connection terminal of the left front high beam and the high beam are disconnected. And simulating the fault of the high beam. When the Relay14 operates, the COM14 terminal and the normally closed terminal NC14 are disconnected, and the plug of the left front high beam on the panel are disconnected. The failure of horn switch damage can be simulated.

15. Low beam light failure. And (4) fault point: the connection terminal of the right front dipped headlight panel and the dipped headlight pin are disconnected. When the Relay15 operates, the COM15 terminal and the normally closed terminal NC15 are disconnected, and the pin of the right front dipped headlight socket and the pin of the right front dipped headlight on the panel are disconnected. The right front dipped headlight failure can be simulated.

16. The window lifter switch fails. Breaking points: the up (or down) terminal has no output. The fault that the glass lifter can only ascend or can only descend is simulated. When the Relay16 operates, the COM16 terminal and the normally closed terminal NC16 are disconnected, and the terminal 3 of the glass lifter switch on the panel and the terminal No. 3 of the internal glass lifter switch are disconnected. In an actual window regulator control circuit, the terminal 3 and the terminal 5 are grounded, the terminal 4 is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply, the terminal 1 and the terminal 2 are connected to a window regulator motor, and after the Relay16 is operated, when a window regulator switch is operated to connect the terminal 3 and the terminal 4, the interior thereof cannot be normally connected, and when the window regulator switch is operated in the opposite direction, the terminal 5 and the terminal 4 can be connected, so that a fault that the window regulator can only ascend or only descend can be simulated.

In an automobile electrical system, almost all power supply branches are involved by fuses, circuits must form a loop, and high-power electric equipment is generally powered by relays, so that when two fuse faults set by Relay1 and Relay2, two ground faults set by Relay3 and Relay4, and two Relay faults set by Relay9 and Relay10 are applied to different unit circuits, a plurality of specific functional faults can be combined, and therefore, the faults which can be set by a fault setting module composed of 16 relays are far more than 16.

As can be seen from fig. 13, it is an automotive horn operating circuit, which is composed of a power supply, an ignition switch, a fuse, a horn relay, a horn switch, a high-low tone horn, a circuit, and the like. The fuse capable of setting the open circuit fault can be used in S301, S302, S204 or S212. When used as S301, after the setting failure, the input power supply 30 terminal of the ignition switch is dead, and therefore, the entire horn relay control circuit is dead; when it is used as S204, after the fault is set, there is still voltage output at the ignition switch 15 terminal, but the solenoid in the horn relay control line will not be powered; when it is used as S302 or S212, the main circuit in which the horn relay switch is located will not be powered after the fault is set, in which case neither the tweeter nor the woofer will operate when the horn switch is turned on. When a fuse for supplying power to a virtual connection can be arranged to be used in a horn relay main circuit, the conditions of low horn sound and poor work can occur when a horn switch is switched on.

In the above embodiment, when the grounding jack at the left lower position of the panel is selected for grounding connection of the tweeter, the Relay3 is connected in series into the grounding line of the tweeter, and after a fault is set, the tweeter will not sound, and only the woofer will work; when the grounding jack at the lower right position of the panel is selected for grounding of the woofer, the Relay4 is connected in series into the grounding circuit of the woofer, and the conditions of low sound and poor work of the woofer can occur after a fault is set.

In the above embodiment, when the Relay1 is used as a horn Relay, Relay9 is connected in series in the control circuit on the coil side of the horn Relay, no current flows through the electromagnetic coil of the electrical appliance 1 after a fault is set, a horn ringing fault occurs, and at this time, the horn Relay does not have any action and cannot hear the sound of closing; when the Relay2 is used as a horn Relay, the Relay10 is connected in series to one side of the switch of the horn Relay, and the horn does not sound after the fault is set, but different from the former, the horn Relay acts when the horn switch is pressed down, and the sound of the Relay suction can be heard.

In the above embodiments, the fuse failure related to Relay1 and Relay2, the ground failure related to Relay3 and Relay4, and the Relay failure related to Relay9 and Relay10 can also be used in the lighting system, so as to simulate the failure of a certain lamp, such as no power supply, poor power supply, open circuit and poor ground connection, and the failure phenomenon of the lamp, such as no work or dimming of the lamp brightness, occurs.

Please refer to fig. 15 to 17, fig. 15 is a typical working circuit of an automobile horn, fig. 16 is a typical working circuit of an automobile headlamp, fig. 17 is a working circuit of an automobile steering lamp and a danger warning lamp, all related main devices are designed on a panel, it can be seen that all automobile electrical system unit working circuits without controllers can be almost built by a traditional circuit experiment unit of an automobile electrical appliance, a plurality of faults including power supply faults (power supply and grounding) and device faults can be set by means of a fault setting module, in addition, a line fault can be set by using a special connecting wire, and the fault type includes both open circuit faults and virtual connection faults.

Referring to fig. 17, fig. 17 is a working circuit of a steering lamp and a hazard warning lamp of an automobile without a controller, which can be built by means of a device of a conventional circuit experiment unit according to a schematic diagram shown in fig. 17, and is a circuit of an automobile electrical appliance unit without a controller, and is characterized in that a switch is directly connected in series between a power supply and an electrical appliance, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy understanding of the principle, high bearing current of the switch, high device cost and high harness cost, and can not monitor the working condition of the automobile electrical system, and can not realize duty ratio control, and is a technology being eliminated or about to be eliminated, and represents the automobile electrical system with the controller participating in the development direction of the automobile technology, the multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device can be used for teaching of related technologies, and discloses the working principle of the controller for controlling the automobile electrical appliance, knowledge about hardware structure and software design is known.

Referring to fig. 11 to 14, a control program of the turn signal lamp and the hazard warning lamp is designed according to the circuit structure of the development board of the single chip microcomputer, and the program is omitted.

After the program is compiled and downloaded, the running condition can be tested on a development board, although 4 independent key switches cannot be locked, the running condition can be always pressed to simulate the condition that a steering lamp switch or a danger alarm lamp switch is switched on, when a K3 key is pressed, P3.5 is set to be 0 to simulate a left-turn switch switching-on signal, a controller controls an LED lamp connected with a P1.0 pin to flash, light for 750ms, extinguish for 750ms, and cyclically reciprocate and alternately light and extinguish, and when a K3 key is released, the lamp extinguishes; when a K4 key is pressed, the P3.4 is set to be 0 to simulate a switch-on signal of a right-turn switch, the controller controls the LED lamp connected with the pin P1.1 to flash, and when the K4 key is released, the LED lamp is turned off; when a key of K5 is pressed, P3.3 is set to 0 to simulate a switch-on signal of a danger alarm lamp, at the moment, the controller controls P1.0 and P1.1 to be synchronously set to 0 and 1 to alternately output high and low level pulse signals, so that corresponding LED lamps are controlled to flash simultaneously, and when a switch K5 is released, two LED lamps are both extinguished.

Referring to fig. 18, after the program test is normal, the actual turn signal lamp switch, the danger alarm lamp switch and the turn signal lamp are used to build the automobile turn signal lamp and the danger alarm lamp circuit involved in the controller, the left turn signal, the right turn signal and the danger alarm three-way switch signal are respectively connected with one input interface circuit, the interface circuit is set to be active at high level, when the input interface circuit receives the switch signal, the input interface circuit outputs a low level signal to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer outputs a control signal of '0' and '1' which are alternately changed to the output interface circuit, the output interface circuit is set to be active at low level, when the control signal sent by the single chip microcomputer is received, the output interface circuit controls the relay to act, the relay COM port is set to be connected with the positive pole of the power supply, when the relay acts, the movable contact COM is connected with the normally open contact NO, causing it to flash at intervals of 750 ms. When the left steering switch is switched on, the P3.5 is set to be 0, the single chip microcomputer controls the P1.0 to alternately output low and high levels, and the output interface circuit drives the left steering lamp to be totally lightened; when the right steering switch is switched on, the P3.4 is set to be 0, the singlechip controls the P1.1 to alternately output low and high levels, and the output interface circuit drives the right steering lamp to be totally lightened; when the danger alarm lamp switch is turned on, the P3.3 is set to be 0, the single chip microcomputer controls the P1.0 and the P1.1 to alternately output low and high levels, and the steering lamps on the left side and the right side are all lightened.

In summary, the following steps: the utility model provides a multi-functional automobile electrical apparatus experimental apparatus relates to the automobile electrical system experimental apparatus that one set of automobile electrical apparatus traditional circuit and microcontroller participated in, can be used to the teaching of courses such as automobile electrical apparatus, car singlechip, can test the electrical characteristics of the common device among the automobile electrical system, also can accomplish the circuit and build, verifies the principle. The experimental device can be used for setting various faults and is used for fault detection and diagnosis of the automobile electrical system.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device adopts a portable structure of a suitcase, and comprises a box body, a working power supply, a panel, an automobile electrical appliance traditional circuit experimental unit, an electric control experimental unit, a fault setting module and accessories; the device is characterized in that the working power supply, the panel, the traditional circuit experiment unit of the automobile electrical appliance, the electric control experiment unit, the fault setting module and the accessories are arranged on the box body;

the box body comprises an upper box cover and a lower box body, and the upper box cover is hinged with the lower box body; the lower box body is a mounting base body of all concealed devices, and the working power supply and the fault setting module are mounted on a bottom plate of the lower box body in a concealed mode;

two accessory bags are adhered to the inner surface of the upper box cover; accessories are placed in the accessory bag;

the panel is arranged at the top end of the lower box body; the panel is an installation base body of all the obviously-installed devices and is divided into a left area and a right area, wherein the left side is an automobile electrical appliance traditional circuit experiment unit, and the right side is an electric control experiment unit;

the working power supply is installed on the panel, the working power supply adopts an AC220V 360W switching power supply, the output of the switching power supply is DC12V, a simulated automobile power supply system supplies power to the experimental device, the output of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the simulated automobile power supply system adopts a 4mm test jack to output the power to the outside, and a group of DC12V positive and negative electrode sockets are respectively arranged at the upper left position, the lower left position, the upper right position and the lower right position of the panel.

2. The multifunctional automobile electric appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automobile electric appliance conventional circuit experimental unit comprises an automobile lighting system, a sound and signal system, an automobile electric seat, a glass lifter, an electric wiper blade, and a fuse, a switch, a relay, a bulb and a motor related to the above systems.

3. The multifunctional automobile electric appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electronic control experimental unit comprises a DC-DC module, a single chip microcomputer control module and an input/output interface circuit.

4. The multifunctional automobile electrical appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the DC-DC module adopts an XL4015 chip, an input DC12V is provided by a panel DC12V power jack, and an output DC5V is provided to meet the working requirement of the single chip microcomputer control module.

5. The multifunctional automobile electric appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the input/output interface circuit adopts NEC2705 optocouplers, and the input/output interface circuit realizes connection between a single chip microcomputer and switches and electric equipment in the traditional circuit experimental unit of the automobile electric appliance.

6. The multifunctional automobile electrical apparatus experimental device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the single chip microcomputer control module adopts a 51-chip microcomputer universal development board, all I/O ports of P0-P3 are connected out by pins, and the connection with the input/output interface circuit is realized by using a DuPont wire.

7. The multifunctional automobile electric appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the 51-singlechip development board is provided with 4 independent keys, an 8-way horse race lamp circuit, a buzzer and a 4-bit nixie tube, and the power supply of the 51-singlechip development board is controlled by a jumper cap.

8. The multifunctional automobile electric appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fault setting module comprises a 16-way wireless remote control switch, wherein a coding chip of the wireless remote control switch adopts PT 2264; and the fault setting module is connected with an electrical device through a terminal by adopting a relay.

9. The multifunctional automobile electric appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the accessories comprise a power line, a usb data downloading line, a dupont line, a test line, a fuse for simulating a fault, a relay and a connecting line.

10. The multifunctional automobile electric appliance experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a horn socket is further installed on the panel.

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