CN213680830U - System for high-efficient gold and silver of drawing in follow auriferous silver sulphur concentrate - Google Patents
System for high-efficient gold and silver of drawing in follow auriferous silver sulphur concentrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN213680830U CN213680830U CN202022670100.9U CN202022670100U CN213680830U CN 213680830 U CN213680830 U CN 213680830U CN 202022670100 U CN202022670100 U CN 202022670100U CN 213680830 U CN213680830 U CN 213680830U
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate, belonging to the field of mineral separation and comprising a pretreatment system and a leaching system; the pretreatment system comprises a No. 1 stirring barrel, the No. 1 stirring barrel is connected with a No. 1 pretreatment tank, the No. 1 pretreatment tank is connected with a No. 2 pretreatment tank, activated carbon is added into the No. 2 pretreatment tank, the No. 2 pretreatment tank is connected with an air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank, and the air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank is connected with the No. 2 stirring barrel; liquid of the No. 1 vibrating screen and ore pulp of the No. 1 stirring barrel enter a No. 1 pretreatment tank together; the leaching system comprises a No. 2 stirring barrel, wherein the No. 2 stirring barrel is connected with a No. 1 leaching tank, the No. 1 leaching tank is connected with a No. 2 leaching tank, and the No. 2 leaching tank is connected with a No. 3 leaching tank; the 3# to 7# leaching tanks are sequentially connected with the next stage leaching tank, and the 4# to 7# leaching tanks extend into the adsorption pipe. The invention can improve the adsorption speed and the adsorption rate of the activated carbon, improve the leaching speed and the leaching rate of the gold and silver and reduce the content of the gold and silver in tail liquid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate, belonging to the field of mineral separation.
Background
Mineral separation is a process of separating useful minerals from useless minerals or harmful minerals in mineral raw materials by a physical or chemical method or separating a plurality of useful minerals, which is also called mineral processing, wherein useful components in products are enriched and called concentrate, and useless components are enriched and called tailings, and the useful components enriched products provided by mineral separation are mainly used as raw materials for extracting metals in the smelting industry. At present, the common methods for extracting gold and silver from gold-bearing silver-sulfur concentrate include direct cyanidation leaching and oxidation pretreatment (including roasting, wet oxidation, microbial oxidation) followed by recyaniation leaching. For the direct cyaniding leaching method, the collecting agent attached to the surface of mineral particles can sharply reduce the leaching speed and leaching rate of gold and silver; when the oxygen is supplemented in cyaniding leaching (generally, the consumed oxygen is supplemented in an air-filled mode), because a large amount of foaming agent exists in the ore pulp, a large amount of foam floats on the surface of the ore pulp, so that the ore pulp is easy to leak, the leakage is easy to form, great difficulty is brought to production operation, and gold and silver losses are easy to form; when the activated carbon is used for enriching gold and silver, because the solution contains flotation agents such as a collecting agent, a foaming agent and the like, organic substances are adsorbed by the activated carbon to block fine holes of the activated carbon, so that the adsorption speed and the adsorption rate of the gold and silver are reduced sharply, and the content of the gold and silver in tail liquid is higher; during cyaniding leaching, because of the dissolution of pyrite, sulfide ions and ferrous ions exist in ore pulp, the ore pulp reacts with cyanide chemically, a large amount of cyanide is consumed, and the sulfide ions and cyanide complex ions of the gold and silver are precipitated, so that the leaching rate of gold and silver is reduced, and particularly the leaching rate of silver is greatly influenced; the cyanide tail liquid contains a large amount of cyanide and a small amount of gold and silver, so the cyanide tail liquid must be recycled, and in the process, the collecting agent and the foaming agent are continuously enriched, so the production is seriously influenced. For a method of oxidation pretreatment (comprising roasting, wet oxidation and microbial oxidation) and then cyanidation leaching, the method has the disadvantages of long process flow, complex process, high production control difficulty, high production cost, low comprehensive economic benefit of mineral separation, difficult control of three-waste pollution and poor production safety and controllability; and is not suitable for extracting gold and silver from sulfur concentrate flotation products with low gold, silver, sulfur and iron contents. Therefore, the key to solve the existing problems is to seek a scientific and effective treatment method for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold and silver-containing sulfur concentrate, which can improve the adsorption speed and adsorption rate of activated carbon, improve the leaching speed and leaching rate of the gold and silver and reduce the content of the gold and silver in tail liquor.
The technical scheme is as follows: comprises a pretreatment system and a leaching system; the pretreatment system comprises a No. 1 stirring barrel, a No. 1 pretreatment tank, a No. 2 pretreatment tank and an air-charging leaching pretreatment tank, the 1# stirring barrel is arranged at a high position (the high position is higher than other stirring barrels, so that ore pulp can be conveniently promoted to flow into the next-stage stirring barrel by potential energy), gold-silver-containing sulfur concentrate to be treated and lime are added to the upper end of the 1# stirring barrel, the 1# pretreatment tank, the 2# pretreatment tank and the side wall of the inflatable leaching pretreatment tank are respectively provided with an overflow port, the overflow port outlet of the 1# stirring barrel is connected with the middle part of the 1# pretreatment tank, the overflow port outlet of the 1# pretreatment tank is connected with the middle part of the 2# pretreatment tank, activated carbon is added into the 2# pretreatment tank, the overflow port outlet of the 2# pretreatment tank is connected with the middle part of the inflatable leaching pretreatment tank, and the overflow port outlet of the inflatable leaching pretreatment tank is connected with the inlet at the upper end of the 2; the middle parts of the No. 1 pretreatment tank and the No. 2 pretreatment tank extend into adsorption tubes, pumps are arranged on the adsorption tubes, negative pressure is provided by the pumps for adsorption, the other end of the adsorption tube in the No. 2 pretreatment tank extends into the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the other end of the adsorption tube in the No. 1 pretreatment tank extends into a No. 1 vibrating screen, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the No. 1 vibrating screen are medicine-carrying activated carbon, and the solid particles return to a regeneration device for regeneration;
liquid collected at the lower end of the No. 1 vibrating screen and ore pulp at an overflow port outlet of the No. 1 stirring barrel enter a No. 1 pretreatment tank together; an inflator pump is arranged in the air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank through a pipeline; the leaching system comprises: the device comprises a No. 2 stirring barrel, No. 1-11 leaching tanks, a No. 2 vibrating screen and a No. 3 vibrating screen, wherein the No. 2 stirring barrel is arranged at a high position, overflow ports are respectively arranged at the upper ends of the side walls of the No. 2 stirring barrel and the No. 1-11 leaching tanks, the overflow port outlet of the No. 2 stirring barrel is connected with the middle part of the No. 1 leaching tank, the overflow port outlet of the No. 1 leaching tank is connected with the middle part of the No. 2 leaching tank, the overflow port outlet of the No. 2 leaching tank is connected with the middle part of the No. 3 leaching tank, and sodium cyanide; the outlet of the overflow port of the No. 3-7 leaching tank is sequentially connected with the middle part of the next leaching tank, the middle part of the No. 4-7 leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, and the other end of the adsorption pipe in the No. 4-7 leaching tank extends into the previous leaching tank; the middle part of a 3# leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 3# leaching tank extends into a 2# vibrating screen, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the 2# vibrating screen are high-gold low-silver activated carbon, liquid collected at the lower end of the 2# vibrating screen and ore pulp at an overflow port outlet of the 2# leaching tank enter the 3# leaching tank together, sodium cyanide is added into the 3# leaching tank, and activated carbon is added into a 7# leaching tank; the outlet of the overflow port of the 8# -11 # leaching tank is sequentially connected with the middle part of the next-stage leaching tank, the middle part of the 9# -11 # leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, the adsorption pipe is provided with a pump, and the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 9# -11 # leaching tank extends into the previous-stage leaching tank;
the middle part of the 8# leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 8# leaching tank extends into a 3# vibrating screen, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the 3# vibrating screen are low-gold high-silver activated carbon, liquid collected at the lower end of the 3# vibrating screen and ore pulp at an outlet of an overflow port of a 7# leaching tank enter the 8# leaching tank together, activated carbon is added into a 11# leaching tank, and sulfur concentrate flows out from the outlet of the overflow port of the 11# leaching tank; stirring devices are arranged in the No. 1 stirring barrel, the No. 2 stirring barrel, the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the No. 2 pretreatment tank, the aeration leaching pretreatment tank and the No. 1-11 leaching tank; screens are arranged at the overflow ports of the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the No. 2 pretreatment tank and the No. 3-11 leaching tanks, so that the activated carbon is prevented from flowing into the next-stage tank through the overflow ports; the No. 1 vibrating screen, the No. 2 vibrating screen and the No. 3 vibrating screen are all inclined vibrating screens, and funnel-shaped collecting devices are arranged at the lower ends of the vibrating screens and used for collecting liquid; the lower end of the screen of the vibrating screen is provided with a solid particle discharge hole.
The treatment method comprises the pretreatment of two-time gradient countercurrent reagent removal of activated carbon and one-time enhanced passivation of the surface of pyrite, cyaniding leaching-step extraction of gold and silver by activated carbon, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and performing gradient countercurrent active carbon removal and pyrite surface oxidation passivation pretreatment. The method is carried out by three-stage stirring, and comprises the following steps:
(a) adding 16-20 kg/t of lime and 1-1.5 kg/t of oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate into the gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate to be treated, carrying out size mixing according to the liquid-solid ratio of 1:1, sequentially carrying out two-stage stirring desorption and reagent removal and one-stage alkaline leaching enhanced surface passivation pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment time of each stage is 2-4 hours, the third stage is an inflation enhanced alkaline leaching tank, and the inflation amount of the inflation enhanced alkaline leaching tank is 0.3m 3/(m 2 h). In the process, lime plays a role in desorbing a flotation reagent (a collecting agent) on the surface of mineral particles into an aqueous solution, and simultaneously ensuring a proper end point pH value (pH = 11-12) of ore pulp; the hydrogen peroxide is used for oxidizing the surface of the pyrite particles to generate a layer of passive film, so that the pyrite and sodium cyanide are prevented from chemically reacting, and sulfur ions precipitate dissolved submicron silver cyanide complex ions;
(b) adding absorbent granular activated carbon from the second section of the mixing tank for removing the medicine and passivating, stirring and adsorbing for a period of time, and then sequentially pumping the mixture of the carbon and the pulp forward (namely the second section to the first section), wherein the activated carbon and the ore pulp are mutually countercurrent, a carbon separating sieve for separating the carbon pulp is arranged between the two sections of mixing tanks for removing the medicine, the ore pulp returns to the original mixing tank for removing the medicine, and the granular activated carbon is reserved in the mixing tank for removing the medicine in front. After the activated carbon in the first-stage adsorption stirring tank is saturated, the carbon pulp mixture is conveyed to a No. 1 vibrating screen for carbon pulp separation, ore pulp returns to the first-stage medicine removal tank, and the activated carbon loaded with a flotation reagent is recycled after regeneration. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon adsorption flotation reagent. The concentration of the active carbon in the reagent removing stirring tank is kept between 45 and 65g/L, and the active carbon has the function of adsorbing and removing flotation reagents (collecting agents and foaming agents) in the ore pulp, so that the cyaniding leached ore pulp is ensured not to contain the flotation reagents.
(2) Cyaniding leaching-active carbon is used for respectively adsorbing and extracting gold and silver step by step, and the steps are as follows:
(a) conveying the ore pulp subjected to the steps of removing the chemicals and passivating to a No. 2 stirring barrel, adding 4-6 kg/t of sodium cyanide for size mixing, performing cyanide leaching by using No. 1 and No. 2 leaching tanks separately, performing leaching while adsorbing by using other leaching tanks, wherein the air inflation of each leaching tank is 0.3m3/（m2H), and the total leaching time is 24-36 hours. Adding gold-extracting active carbon from No. 7 leaching tank, leaching and adsorbing for a period of time, sequentially pumping the carbon pulp mixture forward, allowing the active carbon and the ore pulp to flow in a mutually countercurrent manner, installing a carbon separating sieve for separating the carbon pulp between two sections of leaching tanks, returning the ore pulp to the original leaching tank, and retaining the active carbon in the front leaching tank. And after gold is adsorbed and saturated in the 3# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 2# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 3# leaching groove, and allowing the high-gold low-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing gold, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L.
(b) Adding silver-extracting activated carbon from a No. 11 leaching tank, pumping the carbon pulp mixture forward in sequence after leaching and adsorbing for a period of time, allowing the activated carbon and the ore pulp to flow in a mutually reverse manner, installing a carbon separation sieve for separating the carbon pulp between two sections of leaching tanks, returning the ore pulp to the original leaching tank, and retaining the activated carbon in the front leaching tank. And after the silver is adsorbed and saturated in the 8# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 3# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 8# leaching groove, and allowing the low-gold high-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing silver, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L.
Has the advantages that:
(1) carrying out pretreatment for 6-12 hours by adopting 16-20 kg/t lime and 1-1.5 kg/t of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate to destroy the collecting agent adsorbed on the surface of the mineral particles;
(2) lime and hydrogen peroxide are matched with each other for pretreatment for 6-12 hours, the surfaces of pyrite mineral particles are passivated in advance, and during cyaniding leaching, the effects of preventing or reducing the reaction of pyrite and sodium cyanide and precipitating dissolved submicron silver complex ions by sulfur ions are achieved, and meanwhile, the appropriate end point pH value (pH = 11-12) of ore pulp is ensured.
(3) A three-stage gradient countercurrent activated carbon adsorption process is adopted to remove the flotation reagent in the solution, and the concentration of the depurative activated carbon is 45-65 g/L. The influence of a flotation reagent on the leaching of sodium cyanide, the gold and silver adsorption effect of activated carbon and the production control is avoided;
(4) the independent aeration quantity is 0.3m3/（m2H) in the pyrite surface strengthening passivation alkaline leaching pretreatment section, the leaching time is 2-4 hours.
(5) Adding 4-6 kg/t of sodium cyanide into a No. 2 stirring barrel for size mixing, performing single cyaniding leaching by using No. 1 and No. 2 leaching tanks, and then performing leaching and adsorption on gold and silver respectively in stages, wherein the concentration of activated carbon in the leaching tanks is 15-30 g/L, the total leaching time is 24-36 hours, the gold and silver extraction efficiency is enhanced, and two products of high-gold low-silver activated carbon and low-gold high-silver activated carbon are obtained.
By the above mode, the following steps are realized:
(1) the speed and the adsorption rate of the activated carbon for adsorbing the gold and silver are improved. In the pretreatment and drug removal stage, the active carbon is adopted to completely remove the flotation reagent in advance, so that the subsequent gold and silver leaching and adsorption stage is avoided, and the flotation reagent is adsorbed on the surface of the activated carbon for extracting gold and silver to block holes of the activated carbon and block the adsorption of gold and silver;
(2) the leaching speed and leaching rate of the gold and silver are improved, and the content of the gold and silver in tail liquor is reduced. In the pretreatment stage, lime desorbs the hydrophobic collecting agent adsorbed on the surfaces of the gold and silver particles into solution; meanwhile, hydrogen peroxide and oxygen passivate the surface of the pyrite, so that the influence of ferrous ions and sulfur ions is reduced, and the adsorption stage of gold and silver leaching is promoted, and the adsorption of gold and silver particles on cyanogen and oxygen and the chemical reaction of the gold and silver particles with each other are promoted;
(3) can avoid the phenomena of leakage and the reprocessing of the cyanogen-containing tail liquid. In the pretreatment pesticide removing stage, active carbon is adopted to completely remove the foaming agent in the ore pulp in advance, so that the subsequent gold and silver leaching and adsorbing stage is avoided, and in the aeration process, a large amount of bubbles are formed on the surface of the ore pulp to form leakage and leakage, so that part of gold and silver particles are lost;
(4) simple process flow, easy control, little pollution of three wastes, safety and controllability. The process adopts a stirring tank and a leaching tank which have simple structures and are easy to operate; meanwhile, the generated wastewater is completely recycled, and the safety guarantee is easy;
(5) the method has strong adaptability, is particularly suitable for treating the gold-silver-containing sulfur concentrate with high silver content and large fluctuation, and can completely adsorb the leachate with higher silver content in pregnant solution. In the leaching and adsorption stage of gold and silver, gold and silver are respectively extracted step by step, so that the problem that gold adsorbs silver by activated carbon is overcome, and the recovery rate of gold and silver is improved.
In conclusion, the invention provides a way for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate, which influences leaching and adsorption extraction of gold and silver by flotation agents existing in flotation concentrate; the sulfur and ferrous ions on the surface of the sulfur concentrate particles react with sodium cyanide to consume the sodium cyanide, and the sulfur ions dissolved in the solution precipitate with gold and silver ions, thereby reducing the recovery rate of gold and silver. (1) Mainly solves the external reasons (influence on the common) influencing the recovery rate of the gold and the silver, and (2) mainly solves the problem that the gold and the silver are mixed together and influence each other to cause the respective recovery rate to be reduced, and the gold and the silver are separately treated to eliminate or reduce the influence degree between each other, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the respective recovery rate. The invention can improve the adsorption speed and the adsorption rate of the active carbon, improve the leaching speed and the leaching rate of the gold and silver, reduce the content of the gold and silver in the tail liquid, simultaneously avoid the phenomena of leakage and leakage, and has simple flow, easy control, little pollution of three wastes, safety, controllability and strong adaptability of the cyanogen-containing tail liquid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate;
FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of an apparatus for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate;
1: 1# stirring barrel, 2: adsorption pump, 3: 1# vibrating screen, 4: pretreatment tank, 5: slurry pump, 6: inflator pump, 7: 2# stirring barrel, 8: leaching tank, 9: 2# vibrating screen, 10: adsorption tube, 11: and 3# vibrating screen.
Detailed Description
The system for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate as shown in fig. 2 comprises a pretreatment system and a leaching system; the pretreatment system comprises a No. 1 stirring barrel 1, a No. 1 pretreatment tank, a No. 2 pretreatment tank and an aeration leaching pretreatment tank, the 1# stirring barrel 1 is arranged at a high position (the position is higher than that of the pretreatment tank, so that ore pulp in the stirring barrel can conveniently enter the pretreatment tank), the 1# stirring barrel 1 is added with gold and silver-containing sulfur concentrate and lime to be treated, the upper ends of the side walls of the 1# stirring barrel 1, the 1# pretreatment tank, the 2# pretreatment tank and the air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank are respectively provided with an overflow port, the 1# stirring barrel 1 overflow port outlet is connected with the middle part of the 1# pretreatment tank, the 1# pretreatment tank overflow port outlet is connected with the middle part of the 2# pretreatment tank, activated carbon is added into the 2# pretreatment tank, the 2# pretreatment tank overflow port outlet is connected with the middle part of the air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank, and the air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank overflow port outlet is connected with the inlet at the upper; the middle parts of the No. 1 pretreatment tank and the No. 2 pretreatment tank extend into the adsorption tube 10, a pump is arranged on the adsorption tube 10, negative pressure is provided by the adsorption pump 4 for adsorption, the other end of the adsorption tube 10 in the No. 2 pretreatment tank extends into the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the other end of the adsorption tube in the No. 1 pretreatment tank extends into the No. 1 vibrating screen, solid particles collected at the lower end of the screen of the No. 1 vibrating screen are medicine-carrying activated carbon, and the solid particles return to the regeneration device for regeneration;
liquid collected at the lower end of the No. 1 vibrating screen and ore pulp at an overflow port outlet of the No. 1 stirring barrel enter a No. 1 pretreatment tank together; an inflator pump 6 is arranged in the air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank through a pipeline; the leaching system comprises: the device comprises a No. 2 stirring barrel 7, No. 1-11 leaching tanks, a No. 2 vibrating screen and a No. 3 vibrating screen, wherein the No. 2 stirring barrel is arranged at a high position, overflow ports are respectively arranged at the upper ends of the side walls of the No. 2 stirring barrel 7 and the No. 1-11 leaching tanks, the outlet of the overflow port of the No. 2 stirring barrel 7 is connected with the middle part of the No. 1 leaching tank, the outlet of the overflow port of the No. 1 leaching tank is connected with the middle part of the No. 2 leaching tank, the outlet of the overflow port of the No. 2 leaching tank is connected with the middle part of the No. 3; outlets of overflow ports of the 3# to 7# leaching tanks are sequentially connected with the middle part of the next-stage leaching tank, the middle parts of the 4# to 7# leaching tanks extend into the adsorption pipe 10, the adsorption pipe is provided with an adsorption pump 2, and the other ends of the adsorption pipes 10 in the 4# to 7# leaching tanks extend into the previous-stage leaching tank; the middle part of the 3# leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 3# leaching tank extends into a 2# vibrating screen 9, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the 2# vibrating screen 9 are high-gold low-silver activated carbon, liquid collected at the lower end of the 2# vibrating screen 9 and ore pulp at an overflow port outlet of the 2# leaching tank enter the 3# leaching tank together, sodium cyanide is added into the 3# leaching tank, and activated carbon is added into the 7# leaching tank; the outlet of the overflow port of the 8# -11 # leaching tank is sequentially connected with the middle part of the next-stage leaching tank, the middle part of the 9# -11 # leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, the adsorption pipe is provided with a pump, and the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 9# -11 # leaching tank extends into the previous-stage leaching tank;
the middle part of the 8# leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 8# leaching tank extends into a 3# vibrating screen 11, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the 3# vibrating screen 11 are low-gold high-silver activated carbon, liquid collected at the lower end of the 3# vibrating screen 11 and ore pulp at an overflow port outlet of a 7# leaching tank enter the 8# leaching tank together, activated carbon is added into the 11# leaching tank, and sulfur concentrate flows out from the overflow port outlet of the 11# leaching tank; stirring devices are arranged in the No. 1 stirring barrel, the No. 2 stirring barrel, the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the No. 2 pretreatment tank, the aeration leaching pretreatment tank and the No. 1-11 leaching tank; screens are arranged at the overflow ports of the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the No. 2 pretreatment tank and the No. 3-11 leaching tanks, so that the activated carbon is prevented from flowing into the next-stage tank through the overflow ports; the No. 1 vibrating screen 3, the No. 2 vibrating screen 9 and the No. 3 vibrating screen 11 are all inclined vibrating screens, and funnel-shaped collecting devices are arranged at the lower ends of the vibrating screens and used for collecting liquid; the lower end of the screen of the vibrating screen is provided with a solid particle discharge hole.
The extraction method comprises the steps of active carbon twice gradient countercurrent reagent removal and one pyrite surface strengthening passivation pretreatment, cyaniding leaching-active carbon step by step extraction of gold and silver, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and performing gradient countercurrent active carbon removal and pyrite surface oxidation passivation pretreatment. The method is carried out by three-stage stirring, and comprises the following steps:
(a) adding the gold-silver-containing sulfur concentrate to be treated into stoneMixing 16-20 kg/t of ash and 1-1.5 kg/t of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1:1, sequentially carrying out two-stage stirring desorption and reagent removal and one-stage alkaline leaching reinforced surface passivation pretreatment, wherein each stage of pretreatment lasts 2-4 hours, the third stage is an inflatable reinforced alkaline leaching tank with the inflation amount of 0.3m3/（m2H). In the process, lime plays a role in desorbing a flotation reagent (a collecting agent) on the surface of mineral particles into an aqueous solution, and simultaneously ensuring a proper end point pH value (pH = 11-12) of ore pulp; the hydrogen peroxide is used for oxidizing the surface of the pyrite particles to generate a layer of passive film, so that the pyrite and sodium cyanide are prevented from chemically reacting, and sulfur ions precipitate dissolved submicron silver cyanide complex ions;
(b) adding absorbent granular activated carbon from the second section of the mixing tank for removing the medicine and passivating, stirring and adsorbing for a period of time, and then sequentially pumping the mixture of the carbon and the pulp forward (namely the second section to the first section), wherein the activated carbon and the ore pulp are mutually countercurrent, a carbon separating sieve for separating the carbon pulp is arranged between the two sections of mixing tanks for removing the medicine, the ore pulp returns to the original mixing tank for removing the medicine, and the granular activated carbon is reserved in the mixing tank for removing the medicine in front. After the activated carbon in the first-stage adsorption stirring tank is saturated, the carbon pulp mixture is conveyed to a No. 1 vibrating screen for carbon pulp separation, ore pulp returns to the first-stage medicine removal tank, and the activated carbon loaded with a flotation reagent is recycled after regeneration. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon adsorption flotation reagent. The concentration of the active carbon in the reagent removing stirring tank is kept between 45 and 65g/L, and the active carbon has the function of adsorbing and removing flotation reagents (collecting agents and foaming agents) in the ore pulp, so that the cyaniding leached ore pulp is ensured not to contain the flotation reagents.
(2) Cyaniding leaching-active carbon is used for respectively adsorbing and extracting gold and silver step by step, and the steps are as follows:
(a) conveying the ore pulp subjected to the steps of removing the chemicals and passivating to a No. 2 stirring barrel, adding 4-6 kg/t of sodium cyanide for size mixing, performing cyanide leaching by using No. 1 and No. 2 leaching tanks separately, performing leaching while adsorbing by using other leaching tanks, wherein the air inflation of each leaching tank is 0.3m3/（m2H), and the total leaching time is 24-36 hours. Adding gold-extracting active carbon from No. 7 leaching tank, leaching and adsorbing for a periodAfter the leaching, the carbon pulp mixture is sequentially conveyed forwards, the activated carbon and the ore pulp flow in a mutually countercurrent mode, a carbon separation sieve for separating the carbon pulp is arranged between the two sections of leaching tanks, the ore pulp returns to the original leaching tank, and the activated carbon is reserved in the front leaching tank. And after gold is adsorbed and saturated in the 3# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 2# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 3# leaching groove, and allowing the high-gold low-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing gold, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L.
(b) Adding silver-extracting activated carbon from a No. 11 leaching tank, pumping the carbon pulp mixture forward in sequence after leaching and adsorbing for a period of time, allowing the activated carbon and the ore pulp to flow in a mutually reverse manner, installing a carbon separation sieve for separating the carbon pulp between two sections of leaching tanks, returning the ore pulp to the original leaching tank, and retaining the activated carbon in the front leaching tank. And after the silver is adsorbed and saturated in the 8# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 3# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 8# leaching groove, and allowing the low-gold high-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing silver, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the flotation sulfur concentrate containing gold and silver has the grinding fineness of 86% in-0.043 mm, and the chemical analysis results of main elements are as follows: gold Au5.68g/t, silver Ag46.45g/t, copper Cu0.15%, sulfur S47.34%, arsenic As0.026%, iron Fe42.16%; the results of the phase analysis are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from element analysis, the gold contained in the sulfur concentrate is 5.68g/t, and is a low-grade gold-containing material, and in addition, the concentrate has high contents of copper, iron and sulfur, and is not beneficial to leaching of gold and silver in the cyaniding leaching process. As can be seen from Table 1, gold exists mainly in the form of bare gold, and is secondarily wrapped by sulfide (i.e., pyrite), and a small amount of gold is wrapped by other gangue, and the wrapped part is not beneficial to leaching of gold.
The invention is used for implementing the gold-silver-containing sulfur concentrate, and the technical scheme comprises the pretreatment of activated carbon sub-stage gradient countercurrent reagent removal and primary pyrite surface strengthening and passivation and cyaniding leaching-the activated carbon step by step extracts gold and silver:
(1) and performing gradient countercurrent active carbon removal and pyrite surface oxidation passivation pretreatment. The method is carried out by three-stage stirring, and comprises the following steps:
(a) adding 16-20 kg/t of lime and 1-1.5 kg/t of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate into gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate to be treated, carrying out size mixing according to the liquid-solid ratio of 1:1, sequentially carrying out two-stage stirring desorption and reagent removal and one-stage alkaline leaching enhanced surface passivation pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment time of each stage is 2-4 hours, the third stage is an inflation enhanced alkaline leaching tank, and the inflation amount of the inflation enhanced alkaline leaching tank is 0.3m3/（m2H). In the process, lime plays a role in desorbing a flotation reagent (a collecting agent) on the surface of mineral particles into an aqueous solution, and simultaneously ensuring a proper end point pH value (pH = 11-12) of ore pulp; the hydrogen peroxide is used for oxidizing the surface of the pyrite particles to generate a layer of passive film, so that the pyrite and sodium cyanide are prevented from chemically reacting, and sulfur ions precipitate dissolved submicron silver cyanide complex ions;
(b) adding absorbent granular activated carbon from the second section of the mixing tank for removing the medicine and passivating, stirring and adsorbing for a period of time, and then sequentially pumping the mixture of the carbon and the pulp forward (namely the second section to the first section), wherein the activated carbon and the ore pulp are mutually countercurrent, a carbon separating sieve for separating the carbon pulp is arranged between the two sections of mixing tanks for removing the medicine, the ore pulp returns to the original mixing tank for removing the medicine, and the granular activated carbon is reserved in the mixing tank for removing the medicine in front. After the activated carbon in the first-stage adsorption stirring tank is saturated, the carbon pulp mixture is conveyed to a No. 1 vibrating screen for carbon pulp separation, ore pulp returns to the first-stage medicine removal tank, and the activated carbon loaded with a flotation reagent is recycled after regeneration. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon adsorption flotation reagent. The concentration of the active carbon in the reagent removing stirring tank is kept between 45 and 65g/L, and the active carbon has the function of adsorbing and removing flotation reagents (collecting agents and foaming agents) in the ore pulp, so that the cyaniding leached ore pulp is ensured not to contain the flotation reagents.
(2) Cyaniding leaching-active carbon is used for respectively adsorbing and extracting gold and silver step by step, and the steps are as follows:
(a) conveying the ore pulp subjected to the steps of removing the chemicals and passivating to a No. 2 stirring barrel, adding 4-6 kg/t of sodium cyanide for size mixing, performing cyanide leaching by using No. 1 and No. 2 leaching tanks separately, performing leaching while adsorbing by using other leaching tanks, wherein the air inflation of each leaching tank is 0.3m3/（m2H), and the total leaching time is 24-36 hours. Adding gold-extracting active carbon from No. 7 leaching tank, leaching and adsorbing for a period of time, sequentially pumping the carbon pulp mixture forward, allowing the active carbon and the ore pulp to flow in a mutually countercurrent manner, installing a carbon separating sieve for separating the carbon pulp between two sections of leaching tanks, returning the ore pulp to the original leaching tank, and retaining the active carbon in the front leaching tank. And after gold is adsorbed and saturated in the 3# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 2# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 3# leaching groove, and allowing the high-gold low-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing gold, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L.
(b) Adding silver-extracting activated carbon from a No. 11 leaching tank, pumping the carbon pulp mixture forward in sequence after leaching and adsorbing for a period of time, allowing the activated carbon and the ore pulp to flow in a mutually reverse manner, installing a carbon separation sieve for separating the carbon pulp between two sections of leaching tanks, returning the ore pulp to the original leaching tank, and retaining the activated carbon in the front leaching tank. And after the silver is adsorbed and saturated in the 8# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 3# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 8# leaching groove, and allowing the low-gold high-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing silver, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L. The gold content of the finally obtained high-gold and low-silver activated carbon is 1265.52g/t, the silver content is 1854.78g/t, the gold content of the low-gold and high-silver activated carbon is 217.66g/t, the silver content of the low-gold and high-silver activated carbon is 5375.66g/t, the total gold recovery rate is 86.83 percent, and the total silver recovery rate is 64.87 percent.
(5) The adsorption speed and the adsorption rate of the activated carbon are improved. In the pretreatment and drug removal stage, the active carbon is adopted to completely remove the flotation reagent in advance, so that the subsequent gold and silver leaching and adsorption stage is avoided, and the flotation reagent is adsorbed on the surface of the activated carbon for extracting gold and silver to block holes of the activated carbon and block the adsorption of gold and silver;
(6) the leaching speed and leaching rate of the gold and silver are improved, and the content of the gold and silver in tail liquor is reduced. In the pretreatment stage, lime desorbs the hydrophobic collecting agent adsorbed on the surfaces of the gold and silver particles into solution; meanwhile, hydrogen peroxide and oxygen passivate the surface of the pyrite, so that the influence of ferrous ions and sulfur ions is reduced, and the adsorption stage of gold and silver leaching is promoted, and the adsorption of gold and silver particles on cyanogen and oxygen and the chemical reaction of the gold and silver particles with each other are promoted;
(7) can avoid the phenomena of leakage and the reprocessing of the cyanogen-containing tail liquid. In the pretreatment pesticide removing stage, active carbon is adopted to completely remove the foaming agent in the ore pulp in advance, so that the subsequent gold and silver leaching and adsorbing stage is avoided, and in the aeration process, a large amount of bubbles are formed on the surface of the ore pulp to form leakage and leakage, so that part of gold and silver particles are lost;
(8) simple process flow, easy control, little pollution of three wastes, safety and controllability. The process adopts a stirring tank and a leaching tank which have simple structures and are easy to operate; meanwhile, the generated wastewater is completely recycled, and the safety guarantee is easy.
Example two:
the flotation sulfur concentrate containing gold and silver has the grinding fineness of 85 percent (minus 0.043 mm), and the chemical analysis result of main elements is as follows: gold Au6.31g/t, silver Ag78.18g/t, copper Cu0.10%, sulfur S46.85%, arsenic As0.11%, iron Fe42.49%; the results of the phase analysis are shown in Table 2.
As can be known from element analysis, the gold content in the sulfur concentrate is 6.31g/t, and the sulfur concentrate is a low-grade gold-containing material, and in addition, the concentrate has high contents of copper, iron and sulfur, and is not beneficial to leaching gold in the cyaniding leaching process. As can be seen from Table 1, gold exists mainly in the form of bare gold, and is secondarily wrapped by sulfide (i.e., pyrite), and a small amount of gold is wrapped by other gangue, and the wrapped part is not beneficial to leaching of gold.
The gold-silver-containing sulfur concentrate is implemented by adopting the method, and the technical scheme comprises two times of gradient countercurrent removal of active carbon
Pretreatment and cyaniding leaching of surface enhanced passivation of the medicine and the pyrite, and step-by-step extraction of gold and silver by activated carbon:
(1) and performing gradient countercurrent active carbon removal and pyrite surface oxidation passivation pretreatment. The method is carried out by three-stage stirring, and comprises the following steps:
(a) adding 16-20 kg/t of lime and 1-1.5 kg/t of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate into gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate to be treated, carrying out size mixing according to the liquid-solid ratio of 1:1, sequentially carrying out two-stage stirring desorption and reagent removal and one-stage alkaline leaching enhanced surface passivation pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment time of each stage is 2-4 hours, the third stage is an inflation enhanced alkaline leaching tank, and the inflation amount of the inflation enhanced alkaline leaching tank is 0.3m3/（m2H). In the process, lime plays a role in desorbing a flotation reagent (a collecting agent) on the surface of mineral particles into an aqueous solution, and simultaneously ensuring a proper end point pH value (pH = 11-12) of ore pulp; the hydrogen peroxide is used for oxidizing the surface of the pyrite particles to generate a layer of passive film, so that the pyrite and sodium cyanide are prevented from chemically reacting, and sulfur ions precipitate dissolved submicron silver cyanide complex ions;
(b) adding absorbent granular activated carbon from the second section of the mixing tank for removing the medicine and passivating, stirring and adsorbing for a period of time, and then sequentially pumping the mixture of the carbon and the pulp forward (namely the second section to the first section), wherein the activated carbon and the ore pulp are mutually countercurrent, a carbon separating sieve for separating the carbon pulp is arranged between the two sections of mixing tanks for removing the medicine, the ore pulp returns to the original mixing tank for removing the medicine, and the granular activated carbon is reserved in the mixing tank for removing the medicine in front. After the activated carbon in the first-stage adsorption stirring tank is saturated, the carbon pulp mixture is conveyed to a No. 1 vibrating screen for carbon pulp separation, ore pulp returns to the first-stage medicine removal tank, and the activated carbon loaded with a flotation reagent is recycled after regeneration. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon adsorption flotation reagent. The concentration of the active carbon in the reagent removing stirring tank is kept between 45 and 65g/L, and the active carbon has the function of adsorbing and removing flotation reagents (collecting agents and foaming agents) in the ore pulp, so that the cyaniding leached ore pulp is ensured not to contain the flotation reagents.
(2) Cyaniding leaching-active carbon is used for respectively adsorbing and extracting gold and silver step by step, and the steps are as follows:
(a) conveying the ore pulp subjected to the steps of removing the chemicals and passivatingSending the mixture to a No. 2 stirring barrel, adding 4-6 kg/t of sodium cyanide for size mixing, performing cyanide leaching by using No. 1 and No. 2 leaching tanks separately, performing leaching while adsorbing by using other leaching tanks, wherein the air inflation amount of each leaching tank is 0.3m3/（m2H), and the total leaching time is 24-36 hours. Adding gold-extracting active carbon from No. 7 leaching tank, leaching and adsorbing for a period of time, sequentially pumping the carbon pulp mixture forward, allowing the active carbon and the ore pulp to flow in a mutually countercurrent manner, installing a carbon separating sieve for separating the carbon pulp between two sections of leaching tanks, returning the ore pulp to the original leaching tank, and retaining the active carbon in the front leaching tank. And after gold is adsorbed and saturated in the 3# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 2# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 3# leaching groove, and allowing the high-gold low-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing gold, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L.
(b) Adding silver-extracting activated carbon from a No. 11 leaching tank, pumping the carbon pulp mixture forward in sequence after leaching and adsorbing for a period of time, allowing the activated carbon and the ore pulp to flow in a mutually reverse manner, installing a carbon separation sieve for separating the carbon pulp between two sections of leaching tanks, returning the ore pulp to the original leaching tank, and retaining the activated carbon in the front leaching tank. And after the silver is adsorbed and saturated in the 8# groove, conveying the carbon slurry mixture to a 3# vibrating screen for carbon slurry separation, returning ore slurry to the 8# leaching groove, and allowing the low-gold high-silver activated carbon to enter a desorption workshop. The carbon extraction amount and the regeneration frequency of the activated carbon are determined according to the saturation degree of the activated carbon for adsorbing silver, and the concentration of the activated carbon in the leaching tank is kept between 15 and 30 g/L. The gold content of the finally obtained high-gold and low-silver activated carbon is 1357.38g/t, the silver content is 1728.85g/t, the gold content of the low-gold and high-silver activated carbon is 215.66g/t, the silver content of the low-gold and high-silver activated carbon is 6165g/t, the total recovery rate of gold is 88.15%, and the total recovery rate of silver is 67.41%.
The above examples show that the method for obtaining gold and silver by the invention has stable and reliable indexes, has better adaptability to different flotation concentrates containing gold, silver and sulfur, and is particularly suitable for treating the concentrates containing gold, silver and sulfur with higher proportion of gold, silver content.
Claims (1)
1. A system for efficiently extracting gold and silver from gold-containing silver-sulfur concentrate is characterized by comprising a pretreatment system and a leaching system;
the pretreatment system comprises a 1# stirring barrel, a 1# pretreatment tank, a 2# pretreatment tank and an inflatable leaching pretreatment tank, wherein the 1# stirring barrel is arranged at a high position, gold-silver-containing sulfur concentrate and lime to be treated are added to the upper end of the 1# stirring barrel, overflow ports are respectively arranged at the upper ends of the side walls of the 1# stirring barrel, the 1# pretreatment tank, the 2# pretreatment tank and the inflatable leaching pretreatment tank, the overflow port outlet of the 1# stirring barrel is connected with the middle part of the 1# pretreatment tank, the overflow port outlet of the 1# pretreatment tank is connected with the middle part of the 2# pretreatment tank, activated carbon is added into the 2# pretreatment tank, the overflow port outlet of the 2# pretreatment tank is connected with the middle part of the inflatable leaching pretreatment tank, and the overflow port outlet of the inflatable leaching pretreatment tank;
the middle parts of the No. 1 pretreatment tank and the No. 2 pretreatment tank extend into adsorption tubes, pumps are arranged on the adsorption tubes, negative pressure is provided by the pumps for adsorption, the other end of the adsorption tube in the No. 2 pretreatment tank extends into the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the other end of the adsorption tube in the No. 1 pretreatment tank extends into a No. 1 vibrating screen, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the No. 1 vibrating screen are medicine-carrying activated carbon, and the solid particles return to a regeneration device for regeneration;
liquid collected at the lower end of the No. 1 vibrating screen and ore pulp at an overflow port outlet of the No. 1 stirring barrel enter a No. 1 pretreatment tank together; an inflator pump is arranged in the air-inflation leaching pretreatment tank through a pipeline;
the leaching system comprises: the device comprises a No. 2 stirring barrel, No. 1-11 leaching tanks, a No. 2 vibrating screen and a No. 3 vibrating screen, wherein the No. 2 stirring barrel is arranged at a high position, overflow ports are respectively arranged at the upper ends of the side walls of the No. 2 stirring barrel and the No. 1-11 leaching tanks, the overflow port outlet of the No. 2 stirring barrel is connected with the middle part of the No. 1 leaching tank, the overflow port outlet of the No. 1 leaching tank is connected with the middle part of the No. 2 leaching tank, the overflow port outlet of the No. 2 leaching tank is connected with the middle part of the No. 3 leaching tank, and sodium cyanide;
the outlet of the overflow port of the No. 3-7 leaching tank is sequentially connected with the middle part of the next leaching tank, the middle part of the No. 4-7 leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, and the other end of the adsorption pipe in the No. 4-7 leaching tank extends into the previous leaching tank; the middle part of a 3# leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 3# leaching tank extends into a 2# vibrating screen, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the 2# vibrating screen are high-gold low-silver activated carbon, liquid collected at the lower end of the 2# vibrating screen and ore pulp at an overflow port outlet of the 2# leaching tank enter the 3# leaching tank together, sodium cyanide is added into the 3# leaching tank, and activated carbon is added into a 7# leaching tank;
the outlet of the overflow port of the 8# -11 # leaching tank is sequentially connected with the middle part of the next-stage leaching tank, the middle part of the 9# -11 # leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, the adsorption pipe is provided with a pump, and the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 9# -11 # leaching tank extends into the previous-stage leaching tank;
the middle part of the 8# leaching tank extends into an adsorption pipe, a pump is arranged on the adsorption pipe, the other end of the adsorption pipe in the 8# leaching tank extends into a 3# vibrating screen, solid particles collected at the lower end of a screen of the 3# vibrating screen are low-gold high-silver activated carbon, liquid collected at the lower end of the 3# vibrating screen and ore pulp at an outlet of an overflow port of a 7# leaching tank enter the 8# leaching tank together, activated carbon is added into a 11# leaching tank, and sulfur concentrate flows out from the outlet of the overflow port of the 11# leaching tank;
stirring devices are arranged in the No. 1 stirring barrel, the No. 2 stirring barrel, the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the No. 2 pretreatment tank, the aeration leaching pretreatment tank and the No. 1-11 leaching tank; screens are arranged at the overflow ports of the No. 1 pretreatment tank, the No. 2 pretreatment tank and the No. 3-11 leaching tanks, so that the activated carbon is prevented from flowing into the next-stage tank through the overflow ports;
the No. 1 vibrating screen, the No. 2 vibrating screen and the No. 3 vibrating screen are all inclined vibrating screens, and funnel-shaped collecting devices are arranged at the lower ends of the vibrating screens and used for collecting liquid; the lower end of the screen of the vibrating screen is provided with a solid particle discharge hole.
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