CN213673038U - Automatic hydraulic chuck of lathe - Google Patents
Automatic hydraulic chuck of lathe Download PDFInfo
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- CN213673038U CN213673038U CN202022906433.7U CN202022906433U CN213673038U CN 213673038 U CN213673038 U CN 213673038U CN 202022906433 U CN202022906433 U CN 202022906433U CN 213673038 U CN213673038 U CN 213673038U
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- sleeve
- chuck
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- elastic
- lathe
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic hydraulic chuck of a lathe, belonging to the technical field of lathe chucks and equipment, comprising a faceplate and a fixed taper sleeve which are connected with each other, wherein the faceplate is provided with a through hole; an axial positioning baffle is arranged in the chuck mechanism, the axial positioning baffle is fixed on the disc chuck through a top column, and a travel switch is arranged on the axial positioning baffle; the chuck mechanism comprises a screw cap, the screw cap is sleeved on the piston rod, the screw cap is connected with an elastic positioning sleeve, the outer circumference of the elastic positioning sleeve is in an inverted cone shape, and the shape corresponds to the horn shape of the fixed taper sleeve; the right port of the elastic positioning sleeve is provided with 6 fan-shaped grooves; the elastic positioning sleeve is perfectly matched with the axial positioning baffle, and the axial positioning error of the workpiece is zero; the travel switch of the axial positioning baffle eliminates a manual button switch, is simple, convenient and quick to operate, and improves the production efficiency, and the quality of a processed workpiece is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lathe chuck technology and equipment, in particular to an automatic hydraulic chuck of a lathe.
Background
The chuck is also called elastic chuck or collet chuck, is arranged on a lathe, is used for fixing a cylindrical clamp of a drill bit or a milling cutter, and is also used for fixing an easily-installed and easily-disassembled device of parts needing to be machined.
When rolling bearing is produced, a lathe is needed to process the inner contour of the outer ring of the bearing, when the inner contour of the outer ring of the bearing is turned in the prior art, a containing type three-jaw soft chuck is adopted to position and clamp the excircle of a workpiece, although the centering precision is good, the three-jaw chuck needs to be manually adjusted to clamp or loosen the workpiece, and the following problems exist in the production process:
1. compared with the turning time of the working procedure of only about two minutes, the manual operation is relatively long, the production efficiency is low, and the economic benefit is poor for tens of seconds of auxiliary time required for manually clamping and loosening the workpiece;
2. because the turning time of a single piece is short, workers need to frequently and manually clamp or loosen the workpiece to be replaced in the production process, the labor intensity is high, fatigue is easy to generate, and safety production accidents are caused;
3. manual clamping or loosening operation is performed, the clamping force on a workpiece is difficult to control, the workpiece cannot be clamped due to the fact that the clamping force is too small, potential safety hazards are generated, and personal injury and economic loss are caused; too large clamping force can cause workpiece deformation and affect product quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic hydraulic chuck of a lathe.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an automatic hydraulic chuck of a lathe comprises a chuck disc and a fixed taper sleeve which are connected with each other, wherein a through hole is formed in the axis of the chuck disc, the fixed taper sleeve is of a tubular structure, and the inner wall of the fixed taper sleeve is close to a right port and is in a horn shape from left to right; a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the left end face of the disc chuck, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the through hole and enters the axis of the fixed taper sleeve; the other end of the piston rod is connected with the chuck mechanism; an axial positioning baffle is arranged in the chuck mechanism, the axial positioning baffle is fixed on the chuck through a top column, and the left end face of the chuck is connected with a lathe spindle.
Furthermore, the chuck mechanism comprises a nut, the center of the nut is sleeved on the piston rod, and the outer circumference of the nut is connected with an elastic positioning sleeve; the chuck mechanism is arranged between the fixed taper sleeve and the axial positioning baffle; a travel switch is arranged on the surface of the axial positioning baffle; the chuck mechanism comprises a piston rod, a nut and an elastic locating sleeve which are connected together and can move along the axial direction of the fixed taper sleeve.
Furthermore, the elastic positioning sleeve is of a tubular structure, the outer circumference close to the right port is of an inverted conical shape, and the inverted conical shape corresponds to the horn shape of the inner wall of the fixed taper sleeve; 3-12 fan-shaped grooves are formed in the right port of the elastic positioning sleeve along the radius direction, and 6 fan-shaped grooves are preferably formed; the depth of the groove is 10-40% of the length of the elastic locating sleeve.
The elastic positioning sleeve is made of 60SiMn spring steel or 65Mn spring steel, and preferably 60SiMn spring steel.
The research and development thought of the invention is as follows:
the problem of prior art exist above the solution, the key is to reach three automation: the automatic clamping device has the advantages that firstly, the workpiece is automatically positioned, secondly, the workpiece is automatically clamped and loosened, and thirdly, the clamping force is automatically controlled.
Automatically positioning the workpiece
As the bearing outer ring, the requirements on the dimensional accuracy of the inner and outer contours and the position accuracy between the inner and outer contours, namely, the coaxiality are high; therefore, the outer circle of the bearing outer ring is used as a design reference and needs to be turned in advance; when turning the inner contour, the outer circle must be positioned as a precise reference.
The positioning element of excircle conventionally has two kinds of V type frame and position sleeve: the V-shaped frame has good centering performance but no centering effect; although the positioning sleeve has a certain centering effect, the positioning accuracy and the positioning quality are very low, and the workpiece can be conveniently assembled and disassembled only by leaving a certain gap between the inner hole of the positioning sleeve and the excircle of the workpiece, and the gap is a positioning error. The outer ring for the bearing has higher requirement on the coaxiality of the inner contour and the outer circle, and obviously, the V-shaped frame and the positioning sleeve can not meet the requirement on the centering precision of the process and can not be used as a positioning element.
In order to achieve the purposes of higher centering precision and convenience in assembling and disassembling the workpiece, the positioning element of the process has the performance like a three-jaw soft chuck, namely the inner hole of the positioning element is reduced when the workpiece is positioned (centered), and the positioning element is in interference fit with the excircle (positioning reference) of the workpiece; when the workpiece is assembled and disassembled, the inner hole of the positioning element is enlarged and is in clearance fit with the excircle (positioning reference) of the workpiece. The automatic centering and clamping mandrel is the working principle of the automatic centering and clamping mandrel, and utilizes the equal amount and elastic deformation or the equal amount movement principle of structures such as an inclined plane, a lever and the like to perform automatic centering and positioning on a revolving body workpiece in the process of clamping the workpiece, and the mandrel is only applied to the occasion that the surface of an inner hole of the workpiece is used as a positioning reference.
According to the structure and principle of the automatic centering clamping mandrel, derivation and design are carried out through reverse thinking, an automatic positioning element of the outer circle of the bearing outer ring is designed into an elastic positioning sleeve with six equal halves of openings, the inner hole of the elastic positioning sleeve is a cylindrical hole matched with the outer circle of the bearing, and the outer circle of the elastic positioning sleeve is a cone.
The elastic positioning sleeve and the fixed taper sleeve are forced to contract radially when relative axial movement is generated under the action of external force, and an inner hole is reduced, so that interference fit positioning and clamping are performed on the elastic positioning sleeve and the outer circle of the workpiece, and the centering precision is ensured; when the external force is removed, the elastic positioning sleeve recovers under the self elastic force, and a gap is formed between the inner hole of the elastic positioning sleeve and the outer circle of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is convenient to assemble and disassemble.
Because the elastic positioning sleeve needs axial displacement in the centering and positioning process, the axial position is uncertain, the elastic positioning sleeve cannot be directly used for axially positioning a workpiece, and only one positioning baffle is additionally arranged for axially positioning one end face of the workpiece.
(II) automatically clamping and unclamping the workpiece
Based on the clamping effect of the elastic positioning sleeve when the elastic positioning sleeve contracts to accurately center and position the outer circle of a workpiece, the automatic clamping force source device is connected with the elastic positioning sleeve, external force is automatically applied to the elastic positioning sleeve, so that the elastic positioning sleeve and the fixed inner taper sleeve move axially relative to each other, and the purpose of automatically clamping the workpiece can be achieved.
(III) automatically controlling the clamping force
The automatic clamping force source device comprises a pneumatic power device, a hydraulic power device, an electric power device and the like. The clamping force of the electric power source clamping device is determined by the power of the motor, and the clamping force cannot be adjusted and is not applicable; pneumatic transmission is compared with hydraulic transmission: the pneumatic transmission has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, low price, simple maintenance and the like, and adopts a pneumatic clamping device at the beginning. However, practice proves that the pneumatic transmission clamping device is not suitable for the problem that the working pressure of pneumatic transmission is low, generally 0.3-1.0MPa, the output power is low, the pneumatic stability is poor, and the clamping force is insufficient in the production process. Finally, a hydraulic pressure source clamping device is adopted, the pressure of the hydraulic system is adjusted through the pilot type reducing valve, and the effect of automatically controlling the clamping force is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) an independent axial positioning baffle is designed and fixedly connected with the flower disc, the axial positioning error of the workpiece is zero, and the processing quality of the workpiece is improved; the conventional axial positioning and centering positioning and clamping of the workpiece are performed by the shaft shoulder of the positioning sleeve, the axial displacement amount during workpiece clamping is different along with the change of the outer diameter of each workpiece, and the axial positioning error is large.
2) A travel switch is arranged on the axial positioning baffle, and when the workpiece is pushed into the elastic positioning sleeve to be in close contact with the axial positioning baffle, the travel switch is triggered, so that the workpiece can be automatically clamped, manual button switch action is avoided, and the automation degree is higher;
3) the invention with the elastic positioning sleeve perfectly matched with the axial positioning baffle has high automation degree, simple, convenient and quick operation, easy and good work, safe production and stable product quality; compared with the conventional three-jaw soft chuck, the production efficiency is improved by 50 percent, and the economic benefit of an enterprise is improved by two.
4) The invention has simple and stable structure, easy field operation and low manufacturing cost, and has great popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic hydraulic chuck for a lathe.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a right-side schematic view of the elastic locating sleeve clamping the workpiece.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a resilient locating sleeve in an automatic hydraulic chuck of a lathe for releasing a workpiece.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a flower disc, a fixed taper sleeve, a top column and an axial positioning baffle.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the chuck mechanism and the hydraulic cylinder with the oil pump and the electromagnetic directional valve.
In the figure, 1-a hydraulic cylinder, 2-a disc chuck, 3-a fixed taper sleeve, 4-a piston rod, 5-an elastic positioning sleeve, 6-a workpiece, 7-a lathe spindle, 8-a nut, 9-a top column, 10-an axial positioning baffle, 11-a travel switch, 14-an oil pump and 15-an electromagnetic reversing valve.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic hydraulic chuck of a lathe, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an elastic positioning sleeve loosening workpiece in the automatic hydraulic chuck of the lathe, which comprises a faceplate and a fixed taper sleeve which are connected with each other, wherein a through hole is arranged at the axis of the faceplate, the fixed taper sleeve is of a tubular structure, the inner wall of the fixed taper sleeve is close to the right port, and the fixed taper sleeve is in a horn shape from left to right; a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the left end face of the disc chuck, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the through hole and enters the axis of the fixed taper sleeve; the other end of the piston rod is connected with the chuck mechanism; an axial positioning baffle is arranged in the chuck mechanism and is fixed on the chuck through a top column, and the left end face of the chuck is connected with a lathe spindle; on the surface of the axially positioned baffle, a travel switch is provided, see fig. 1, 2, 4. A manual button is added to the lathe control screen as an automatic workpiece removal switch (not shown).
The chuck mechanism comprises a nut, the center of the nut is sleeved on the piston rod, and the outer circumference of the nut is connected with an elastic positioning sleeve; the chuck mechanism is arranged between the fixed taper sleeve and the axial positioning baffle; the chuck mechanism comprises a piston rod, a nut and an elastic locating sleeve which are connected together and can move along the axial direction of the fixed taper sleeve.
The elastic positioning sleeve is of a tubular structure, the outer circumference close to the right port is in an inverted conical shape, and the inverted conical shape corresponds to the horn shape of the inner wall of the fixed taper sleeve; the right port of the elastic positioning sleeve is provided with 6 fan-shaped grooves along the radius direction; the depth of the groove is 20% of the length of the elastic locating sleeve, and the elastic locating sleeve is made of 60SiMn spring steel.
The working process of the invention is as follows, see fig. 6:
(1) clamping a workpiece: pushing a workpiece to be machined into an inner hole of the elastic positioning sleeve, enabling the left end face of the workpiece to reach the right end face of the axial positioning baffle, touching a travel switch, electrifying the electromagnetic directional valve to work, inputting hydraulic oil into a right cavity of the hydraulic cylinder by an oil pump, pulling a nut and the elastic positioning sleeve to move left by a piston rod, and contracting the elastic positioning sleeve to clamp the workpiece; a milling cutter and other machining tools on a lathe are used for cutting a workpiece, namely the inner contour of the outer ring of the bearing is cut;
(2) disassembling the workpiece: after the workpiece is machined, a manual button additionally arranged on a lathe control screen is pressed, the electromagnetic directional valve is reset, the hydraulic oil is input into a left cavity of the hydraulic cylinder by the oil pump, the piston rod moves to the right, the elastic positioning sleeve moves to the right under the action of self elasticity and recovers to the original state, the inner hole is enlarged, the workpiece is loosened, and the workpiece is disassembled.
The improvement of the invention after production practice is as follows:
when the automatic hydraulic chuck is applied to production practice, the service performance of the automatic hydraulic chuck of the lathe can completely reach the expected effect after three months. However, after three months of use, some problems occur in succession: more and more workpieces cannot enter the inner hole of the elastic locating sleeve during clamping. The test shows that: the elastic locating sleeve is slightly and permanently contracted and deformed, and the normal state of an inner hole is reduced by about 20 mu m because 65Mn spring steel has insufficient rigidity and slightly poor elastic limit. The elastic locating sleeve is made of 60SiMn spring steel and is cryogenically treated to ensure stable material and no deformation. The elastic locating sleeve is continuously used for two years after being changed into 60SiMn spring steel, and the problem that the inner hole of the elastic locating sleeve cannot be placed when a workpiece is clamped does not exist. At present, the automatic hydraulic chuck of the lathe is comprehensively applied to the clamping process for processing various outer rings of rolling bearings.
Claims (3)
1. An automatic hydraulic chuck of lathe which characterized in that:
the flower disc fixing device comprises a flower disc and a fixing taper sleeve which are connected with each other, wherein a through hole is formed in the axis of the flower disc, the fixing taper sleeve is of a tubular structure, the inner wall of the fixing taper sleeve is close to the right port, and the fixing taper sleeve is in a horn shape from left to right;
a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the left end face of the faceplate, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the through hole and enters the axis of the fixed taper sleeve; the other end of the piston rod is connected with a chuck mechanism;
and an axial positioning baffle is arranged inside the chuck mechanism and fixed on the faceplate through a support pillar.
2. The automatic hydraulic chuck for lathe according to claim 1, wherein:
the chuck mechanism comprises a nut, the center of the nut is sleeved on the piston rod, and the outer circumference of the nut is connected with an elastic positioning sleeve; the chuck mechanism is arranged between the fixed taper sleeve and the axial positioning baffle;
and a travel switch is arranged on the surface of the axial positioning baffle.
3. The automatic hydraulic chuck for lathe according to claim 2, wherein:
the elastic positioning sleeve is of a tubular structure, the outer circumference close to the right port is of an inverted conical shape, and the inverted conical shape corresponds to the horn shape of the inner wall of the fixed taper sleeve; 3-12 fan-shaped grooves are formed in the right end opening of the elastic positioning sleeve along the radius direction;
the elastic positioning sleeve is made of 60SiMn spring steel or 65Mn spring steel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022906433.7U CN213673038U (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Automatic hydraulic chuck of lathe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022906433.7U CN213673038U (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Automatic hydraulic chuck of lathe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN213673038U true CN213673038U (en) | 2021-07-13 |
Family
ID=76738296
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022906433.7U Expired - Fee Related CN213673038U (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Automatic hydraulic chuck of lathe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN213673038U (en) |
-
2020
- 2020-12-07 CN CN202022906433.7U patent/CN213673038U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20210713 Termination date: 20211207 |