CN213574182U - Circulating ventilation cooling system for shield tunnel construction operation section - Google Patents
Circulating ventilation cooling system for shield tunnel construction operation section Download PDFInfo
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- CN213574182U CN213574182U CN202022423225.1U CN202022423225U CN213574182U CN 213574182 U CN213574182 U CN 213574182U CN 202022423225 U CN202022423225 U CN 202022423225U CN 213574182 U CN213574182 U CN 213574182U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system, include: the air supply device is used for conveying external air to the interior of the shield tunnel; the secondary air supply device is used for cooling the air conveyed to the interior of the shield tunnel by the air supply device and then pressing the cooled air to the foremost end of the shield tunnel construction; the control device is used for controlling the operation of the secondary air supply device, and realizing the adjustment of the temperature of the shield construction environment and the air speed of the operation end so as to ensure the comfort of the shield construction environment; and the air draft device is used for carrying out dust removal treatment on the damp and hot polluted gas in the shield tunnel and discharging the polluted gas subjected to dust removal to the outside of the shield tunnel. The utility model discloses having combined forced and pull-out type to ventilate, having considered cooling and dust removal effect simultaneously, effectively having solved the inside ventilation and the cooling difficult problem of shield tunnel, it is slow to avoid the tunnel interior to cause the shield structure to tunnel because of exhausting smoothly, the high temperature to improve current ventilation mode, improved the construction environment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a shield constructs tunnel engineering construction field, specifically relates to a shield constructs tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system.
Background
With the development of national economy and the acceleration of tunnel construction process, the shield method is widely used due to economy and high efficiency. In the shield tunnel construction process, construction operation can produce a large amount of heats, and the tunnel space is narrow and small and the circulation is poor in addition, has formed abominable damp and hot construction environment, has produced serious harmful effects to constructor's healthy and work efficiency. Therefore, corresponding measures are needed to solve the problems of ventilation and cooling of the tunnel, and economic, safe and efficient construction of the shield is guaranteed.
Whether the ventilation effect is good or not is an important factor for ensuring the construction progress of the shield tunnel and improving the construction efficiency. Zhang Xiaoping et al published in 2018 national institute of engineering geology in China "study on ventilation scheme of engineering large-diameter and long-distance shield construction tunnel of Souton GIL comprehensive pipe gallery", study and analysis on ventilation conditions of the tunnel through the river of the Souton GIL comprehensive pipe gallery indicate that the experience of China in ventilation of single-line and long tunnel construction is insufficient, and effective ventilation still faces serious challenges; as early as 2003, Wang Meng Yat academy in the 'China, the most complex and fastest future development countries of tunnel and underground engineering in the world' published in the 'railway standard design', emphasizes the problem of reducing the investment of tunnel ventilation in the future tunnel construction process. Therefore, in order to ensure the economy, practicability, safety, environmental protection and convenient management of the shield tunnel construction, a circulating ventilation cooling system of the shield tunnel construction operation section and a construction method thereof are provided.
At present, in the related technology of ventilating and cooling the shield tunnel, a press-in ventilation method is widely adopted, namely, a fan is adopted to press in fresh air outside the tunnel through an air pipe, however, the method does not reduce the heat generated by shield construction operation, and the dirty air in the tunnel can aggravate the pollution to the middle working environment in the flowing process. Meanwhile, in order to improve the humidity and the temperature of the operation area, an air conditioning system is adopted on part of construction sites for cooling, but the heat generated by an air conditioner can be directly discharged into the tunnel, and the damp and hot air cannot be effectively discharged through press-in ventilation. In addition, an ice block cooling method is adopted in part of construction sites, namely, ice blocks are placed near a working face, however, the method needs to add the ice blocks manually and continuously, and water mist generated by melting of the ice blocks can influence the safe use of electric equipment in the tunnel and seriously influence the normal construction of the shield.
Through the search of documents in the prior art, the chinese patent with publication number CN111075495A discloses an air cooling device for secondary ventilation cooling of a shield machine and a working method thereof, wherein a secondary ventilation cooler and a compression and condensation unit are adopted for cooling, but the compression and condensation unit is formed by connecting a plurality of compressors provided with separate refrigeration and circulation systems in parallel, so that the equipment has the advantages of large volume, complex structure, low cost performance and incapability of realizing high ventilation rate. Further, chinese patent publication No. CN209724398U discloses a semiconductor-cooled tunnel ventilation system, in which a fan and a refrigerator are placed at an opening of a tunnel, and an air duct penetrates the entire tunnel, but the system has a high requirement for fan power, high energy consumption, and low ventilation efficiency inside the tunnel.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a practical system with simple structure, energy conservation and high efficiency for circulating ventilation and cooling of the operation section of the shield tunnel construction.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the defect among the prior art, the utility model aims at providing a shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system.
The utility model provides a shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system, include:
the air supply device is used for conveying external air to the interior of the shield tunnel and realizing primary air supply for the shield tunnel;
the secondary air supply device is used for cooling the air conveyed to the interior of the shield tunnel by the air supply device and then pressing the cooled air to the foremost end of the shield tunnel construction;
the control device is used for controlling the operation of the secondary air supply device, and realizing the adjustment of the temperature of the shield construction environment and the wind speed of the operation end so as to ensure the comfort of the shield construction environment;
and the air draft device is used for carrying out dust removal treatment on the damp and hot polluted gas in the shield tunnel and discharging the polluted gas subjected to dust removal to the outside of the shield tunnel.
Preferably, the air blowing device includes:
the main fan is arranged at the opening of the shield tunnel and provides external air to the inside of the shield tunnel;
the main air pipe is arranged at the top end of the tunnel segment, one end of the main air pipe is connected with an air outlet of the main fan, the other end of the main air pipe extends to the position close to a heat source area at the tail part of the trolley close to the tunnel portal, and external air can be drained to the inside of the shield tunnel.
Preferably, the main air pipe adopts a flexible ventilating pipeline; the flexible ventilating duct adopts a canvas ventilating duct with a circular section.
Preferably, the canvas ventilation pipe is spliced into a whole by a multi-section canvas ventilation pipe along the axial direction, and two adjacent sections of canvas ventilation pipes are connected through zipper sealing.
Preferably, the secondary air supply device includes:
the secondary fan is arranged at the tail part of the trolley close to the tunnel portal, and is a pressurizing fan which can pressurize air and accelerate the flow rate of the air;
the secondary air pipe is arranged at the top end of the tunnel segment, one end of the secondary air pipe is flexibly connected with an air outlet of the secondary fan, and the other end of the secondary air pipe extends to a junction of the trolley close to the shield tail and can guide air to the most front face of tunnel construction;
and the refrigerator is arranged at the connecting part of the secondary fan and the secondary air pipe and is used for cooling the air output by the secondary air supply device.
Preferably, the refrigerator adopts a semiconductor refrigerator, the semiconductor refrigerator comprises a plurality of semiconductor refrigeration pieces, and the semiconductor refrigeration pieces are uniformly arranged in front of the fan blades of the secondary fan.
Preferably, the secondary air pipe adopts a rigid ventilating pipeline, the rigid ventilating pipeline is a steel pipe, and the outer surface of the steel pipe is provided with a zinc coating; the steel pipe is a spiral seam circular air pipe.
Preferably, the control device includes:
the temperature sensor is arranged on the outer side of the other end of the secondary air pipe and used for collecting the air temperature output by the secondary air pipe;
the wind speed sensor is arranged on the trolley close to the tail of the shield and used for measuring the wind speed of an operation section after the secondary air supply device inputs air to the foremost end of the shield tunnel construction;
the input end of the control box is connected with the output ends of the temperature sensor and the air speed sensor, and the output end of the control box is connected with the secondary fan and the refrigerator, so that the received signals can be received and processed in real time, and results are fed back, so that the operation of the secondary fan and the refrigerator is controlled.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is an air duct type temperature sensor.
Preferably, the air extracting device includes:
the trolley fan is arranged at the head of the trolley close to the tunnel portal and used for extracting air in the shield tunnel and discharging the air to the outside of the tunnel so as to strengthen air convection in the shield tunnel;
the air outlet pipe is arranged below the side of the tunnel, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with an air outlet of the trolley fan, and the other end of the air outlet pipe extends to the position of the tunnel opening;
and the dust remover is arranged on the trolley close to the tunnel portal, is positioned at the connecting part of the trolley fan and the air outlet pipe and is used for removing and collecting dust of the air inside the shield tunnel extracted by the trolley fan.
The working principle of the circulating ventilation cooling system at the shield tunnel construction operation section is as follows:
and installing an air supply device, a secondary air supply device, a control device and an air draft device at the shield tunnel construction operation section, setting the parameter value of a control box of the control device, and switching on a power supply starting device. When the air supply device works, external fresh air is pressed into the tunnel through the main air pipe, part of the air enters the tunnel for convection, most of the air is provided with power by the secondary fan of the secondary air supply device and is continuously conveyed to the tunnel shield construction area, the air is cooled by the refrigerator, and the cold air is conveyed to the shield tail through the secondary air pipe, so that ventilation and cooling of the shield construction area are realized; when air conditioning passes through the heat source area, heat, dust and moisture are taken away, moist and hot polluted gas is formed, when the gas flows to the trolley close to the tunnel portal, most of the gas is sucked by the trolley fan firstly, then the gas is dedusted by the deduster, and the moist and hot gas after dedusting is conveyed to the position close to the tunnel inlet end (the tunnel portal position) through the air outlet pipe and is discharged to the outside of the tunnel, so that the middle working environment of the tunnel is prevented from being polluted. The temperature sensor and the air speed sensor of the control device can acquire environmental parameters in real time and feed back the environmental parameters to the control box, the control box intelligently compares the received input parameters with an upper threshold and a lower threshold of the parameters which are set by an operator in advance, the working quantity of the semiconductor refrigerating pieces of the refrigerator is intelligently changed according to the detection result of the temperature sensor, and the working frequency of the secondary fan is intelligently controlled according to the detection result of the air speed sensor. The whole system realizes multiple times of gas circulation ventilation: the air supply device, the secondary air supply device and the air draft device are combined to form a first path of major cycle; external air reaches the front part of the shield through the air supply device and the secondary air supply device and returns to the opening with heat, and a second path of small circulation is formed; the outside air is taken out of the tunnel along with the wind coming out of the front part of the shield by the air supply device, so that a third path of small circulation is formed. The normal ventilation of the tunnel under the lower energy consumption is realized through multiple times of circulating ventilation, the comfort of the shield construction environment is ensured, and the efficient construction of the shield tunnel is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses at least one kind's beneficial effect as follows has:
the system of the utility model combines the forced ventilation and the draw-out ventilation by arranging the air supply device, the secondary air supply device and the air draft device, simultaneously considers the cooling and dust removal effects, can effectively solve the problems of ventilation and cooling inside the shield tunnel, and avoids the slow shield tunneling caused by unsmooth exhaust and overhigh temperature in the tunnel, thereby improving the existing ventilation mode and improving the construction environment; the system has the advantages of simple structure, safety, environmental protection, high working efficiency and better social and economic benefits.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the circulating aeration cooling system of the shield tunnel construction operation section of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is the utility model discloses a control device's of shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system control schematic diagram.
The scores in the figure are indicated as: the device comprises a main fan 1, a main air pipe 2, a shield tunnel 3, a tunnel segment 4, a secondary fan 5, a refrigerator 6, a secondary air pipe 7, a last trolley 8 of the shield, a control box 9, a first trolley 10 of the shield, a shield tail 11, a temperature sensor 12, a wind speed sensor 13, a trolley fan 14, a dust remover 15, an air outlet pipe 16, an air supply device 111, a secondary air supply device 222, a control device 333 and an air draft device 444.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, it is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a shield tunnel construction operation section circulating aeration cooling system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the diagram includes an air supply device 111, a secondary air supply device 222, a control device 333 and an air draft device 444.
The air supply device 111 is disposed near the opening of the shield tunnel 3 to supply outside air to the inside of the shield tunnel 3, thereby achieving primary air supply for the shield tunnel 3.
The secondary air supply device 222 is disposed inside the shield tunnel 3 and located in a trolley area at the front end of the tunnel, and is used for cooling most of air conveyed to the inside of the shield tunnel 3 by the air supply device, and then pressing the cooled air to the foremost end of the shield tunnel 3 in construction.
The control device 333 is arranged inside the shield tunnel 3 and used for controlling the operation of the secondary air supply device, and adjusting the temperature of the shield construction environment so as to ensure the comfort of the shield construction environment.
The air draft device 444 is disposed inside the shield tunnel 3 and close to the middle of the shield tunnel 3, and is used for performing dust removal processing on the humid and hot polluted gas inside the shield tunnel 3 and discharging the polluted gas after dust removal to the outside of the tunnel.
The working principle of the system is as follows: the air supply device 111 is arranged at the tunnel portal and used for pressing external fresh air into the shield tunnel 3; air entering the inside of the shield tunnel 3 partially enters the tunnel for convection before reaching the secondary air supply device 222, most of the air is continuously conveyed to the tunnel shield construction area by the power provided by the secondary air supply device 222, then the air is cooled by the secondary air supply device 222, and the cooled air is conveyed to the connection area of the first section of the shield trolley 10 and the shield tail 11, so that ventilation and cooling of the shield construction area are realized. The air after the cooling has taken away heat, dust and moisture after the heat source region, has formed damp and hot contaminated gas, and this gas stream is to shield the last festival platform truck 8 time, and most gas is earlier inhaled via updraft ventilator 444 to filter the dust removal to it, and the damp and hot gas after the dust removal is carried to being close to tunnel entry end (tunnel entrance to a cave) through going out tuber pipe 16, and the discharge has avoided polluting tunnel middle part operational environment to the tunnel outside. The control device 333 can collect parameters such as ambient temperature and wind speed in real time, detect the ambient temperature, and automatically adjust the operation state of the secondary air supply device 222 according to the detection result. The system realizes multiple times of gas circulation ventilation: the air supply device 111, the secondary air supply device 222 and the air draft device 444 are combined to form a first large circulation; the external air reaches the front part of the shield through the air supply device 111 and the secondary air supply device 222 and returns to the hole with heat, and a second path of small circulation is formed; the outside air passes through the air supply device 111, and is brought out of the tunnel along with the air coming out of the front part of the shield, so that a third path of small circulation is formed. The normal ventilation of the tunnel under the lower energy consumption is realized through the multi-path circulating ventilation, the comfort of the shield construction environment is ensured, and the efficient construction of the shield tunnel 3 is ensured.
In other partial preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the air supply device 111 includes a main blower 1 and a main air duct 2; the main fan 1 is installed at the opening of the shield tunnel 3 and provides outside fresh air to the inside of the shield tunnel 3. The main air pipe 2 is fixed on the top end of a tunnel segment 4 and is laid along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, one end of the main air pipe 2 is connected with an air outlet of the main fan 1, the other end of the main air pipe 2 extends to the position close to the heat source area of the tail part of the tunnel portal trolley, and external air can be guided to the inside of the shield tunnel 3. As a preferred mode, the main fan 1 adopts an axial flow fan, and the fan adopting the type has the characteristics of low noise, high efficiency, high reliability and the like.
In other partially preferred embodiments, the main air duct 2 is a flexible air duct, and the flexible air duct is a circular canvas air duct. The canvas ventilation pipeline has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenience in installation and the like. Of course, other types of flexible ventilation pipelines can be selected according to construction conditions during specific construction.
In other partial preferred embodiments, the canvas ventilation pipe is formed by splicing multiple sections of canvas ventilation pipes into a whole along the axial direction, and two adjacent sections of canvas ventilation pipes are hermetically connected through zippers. The multi-section canvas ventilation duct capable of being spliced is adopted to form the ventilation duct, and the ventilation duct has the advantages that the length of a pipeline can be correspondingly extended along with the tunneling of a shield, the construction method is more convenient, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction period is shortened.
In other preferred embodiments, the secondary air supply device 222 comprises a secondary fan 5, a secondary air pipe 7 and a refrigerator 6; wherein, be fixed in the shield with second grade fan 5 last section platform truck 8 afterbody (the platform truck that is close to entrance to a cave department, the platform truck that is close to tunnel entrance to a cave, only relative position, all platform trucks are located the tunnel construction front end, all far away from tunnel entrance to a cave), can save working space. The secondary fan 5 is a pressurizing fan which can pressurize the air and accelerate the flow rate of the air; most of the fresh air input by the air supply device 111 is pressurized to the foremost end of the shield tunnel 3 construction to provide power. Preferably, the secondary fan 5 is disposed near the air outlet end of the main air duct 2.
The refrigerator 6 is arranged at the connecting part of the secondary fan 5 and the secondary air pipe 7 and is used for cooling the air output by the secondary fan 5.
In some other preferred embodiments, the refrigerator 6 is a semiconductor refrigerator, the semiconductor refrigerator includes a plurality of semiconductor cooling fins, and the plurality of semiconductor cooling fins are uniformly arranged in front of the fan blades of the secondary fan 5. During specific implementation, the number of the semiconductor refrigeration pieces meets the requirement of the maximum load of the shield tunnel 3, a single semiconductor refrigeration piece is independently controlled by the control box 9, and the control box 9 can control the working number of the refrigeration pieces of the semiconductor refrigerator according to the detection condition.
In other preferred embodiments, the secondary air pipe 7 is a rigid ventilation pipeline, the rigid ventilation pipeline is a welded steel pipe, and the outer surface of the steel pipe can be subjected to hot dip plating or electro-galvanizing, so that good ventilation and cooling can be realized; the galvanized steel pipe is a spiral seam circular air pipe, flange connection is adopted, and the wall thickness of the air pipe and the distance between flange connection can be adjusted according to the required air pressure and the diameter of the air pipe.
In other preferred embodiments, the control device 333 includes a temperature sensor 12, an air speed sensor 13, and a control box 9, wherein the temperature sensor 12 is disposed outside the air outlet end of the secondary air pipe 7 for collecting the temperature of the air output by the secondary air pipe 7. As a preferable mode, the temperature sensor 12 can be a commercial air duct temperature sensor 12 with a model number of H7080.
The wind speed sensor 13 is fixed on the first segment trolley 10 of the shield and is used for measuring the wind speed of the construction environment after the second-stage air supply device inputs air to the foremost end of the shield tunnel 3 in construction.
The control box 9 is fixed on a first segment trolley 10 of the shield, the input end of the control box 9 is connected with the output ends of a temperature sensor 12 and an air speed sensor 13, the output end of the control box 9 is connected with the secondary fan 5 and the refrigerator 6, received signals can be received and processed in real time, results are fed back, and therefore the operation of the secondary fan 5 and the refrigerator 6 is controlled. The wind speed sensor 13 may be a commercially available model number NHFS45 wind speed sensor.
Referring to fig. 4, the temperature sensor and the wind speed sensor of the control device can acquire environmental parameters in real time and feed back the environmental parameters to the control box, the control box intelligently compares the acquired input parameters with the upper threshold and the lower threshold of the parameters set in advance by an operator, the working number of the semiconductor refrigeration pieces of the refrigerator is intelligently changed according to the detection result of the temperature sensor, and the working frequency of the secondary fan is intelligently controlled according to the detection result of the wind speed sensor.
In other preferred embodiments, the air draft device 444 comprises a trolley fan 14, a dust collector 15 and an air outlet pipe 16, wherein the trolley fan 14 is installed at the head of the last trolley 8 of the shield, and the trolley fan 14 is an exhaust fan for exhausting the air inside the shield tunnel 3 to the outside of the tunnel and enhancing the convection of the air inside the shield tunnel 3. The extracted air is the gas exhausted by the front construction of the shield, and the gas contains a large amount of dust. Preferably, the horizontal distance between the trolley fan 14 and the secondary fan 5 is about the length of a segment of the shield trolley.
The dust remover 15 is arranged on the last trolley 8 of the shield and is positioned at the connecting part of the trolley fan 14 and the air outlet pipe 16, and is used for removing and collecting the extracted dust in the air inside the shield tunnel 3 and avoiding the secondary diffusion and pollution of the dust.
The air outlet pipe 16 is fixed below the side of the tunnel and is laid along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, so that the middle working environment of the tunnel can be prevented from being polluted. One end of the air outlet pipe 16 is connected with an air outlet of the trolley fan 14, and the other end of the air outlet pipe 16 extends to a position close to the tunnel inlet end (tunnel entrance). As a preferred mode, the air outlet pipe 16 adopts a flexible ventilating duct, the flexible ventilating duct is a round canvas ventilating duct adaptive to the air outlet of the trolley fan 14, the flexible ventilating duct comprises a plurality of canvas ventilating ducts which are hermetically connected by zippers, and the air outlet ventilating duct has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenience in installation and the like.
In a specific application example, taking a certain intercity railway tunnel located in a certain province as an example, the circulating ventilation and cooling system of the shield tunnel construction operation section is adopted to ventilate and cool the interior of the tunnel in the tunneling process, so that the comfort level of the construction environment and the efficient construction of the tunnel are ensured, and the structural characteristics of the circulating ventilation and cooling system of the shield tunnel construction operation section are further explained.
The tunnel is a double-hole one-way line, the single line length of the shield tunnel 3 is 2144.379m, and the construction mileage is DK35+ 550-DK 37+ 700. The inner diameter of the tunnel is 8000mm, the outer diameter is 8800mm, and a composite earth pressure balance shield machine with the diameter of 9.1m is adopted for construction. The circulating ventilation cooling system of the shield tunnel 3 construction operation section is composed of 4 subsystems, and comprises an air supply device 111, a secondary air supply device 222, a control device 333 and an air draft device 444, and the whole structure of the system is shown in figure 1.
The air supply device 111 is composed of a main fan 1 and a main air pipe 2, and can press external fresh air into the tunnel to realize primary air supply for the shield tunnel 3.
The main fan 1 is an SDF series NO12.5 type energy-saving axial flow fan, the rotating speed is 1480r/min, the wind pressure is 1300Pa-5500Pa,air quantity 1600m3/min-2950m3Min, high-efficiency air quantity 2400m3And/min. The main fan 1 is arranged at the opening of the shield tunnel 3, has the characteristics of low noise, high efficiency, high reliability and the like, and can input a large amount of external fresh air into the shield tunnel 3.
The main air pipe 2 is a flexible circular canvas ventilation pipe with the diameter of 1.2m, and consists of a plurality of sections of canvas ventilation pipes with the diameter of 1.2m and the length of 20m, the sections of the ventilation pipes are hermetically connected by resin samsung zippers with the strength reaching more than 2800N, the length of the ventilation pipe can be correspondingly extended along with the tunneling of the shield, and the flexible circular canvas ventilation pipe has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenience in installation and the like. The main air pipe 2 is fixed at the top end of the tunnel segment 4, one end of the main air pipe 2 is connected with an air outlet of the main fan 1, and the other end of the main air pipe 2 extends to a heat source area at the tail part of the trolley 8 and can guide air into the tunnel.
The shield tunnel 3 is constructed by adopting a ZTE9100 type combined earth pressure balance shield machine and is a tunnel with a single line total length of 2144.379m, and the inner diameter of the tunnel is 8000mm and the outer diameter of the tunnel is 8800 mm. The shield has six trolleys, the length of the first trolley is 10 mm 9300mm, the length of the second trolley is 12300mm, the lengths of the third trolley, the fourth trolley and the fifth trolley are 11200mm, the length of the sixth trolley, namely the length of the last trolley is 8 mm 13125mm, the length of each trolley connection part is 480mm, and the total length is 70725 mm.
The secondary air supply device 222 is composed of three parts, including a secondary fan 5, a refrigerator 6 and a secondary air pipe 7, and can cool most of air input by the air supply device and press cooling gas to the foremost end of the shield tunnel 3 construction.
The secondary fan 5 is an SDF-I-8II type tunnel construction pipeline type pressure fan, the full pressure can reach 539Pa, the diameter of an impeller is 800mm, the rotating speed is 1480r/min, and the air volume is 30000m3And h, pressurizing the wind, accelerating the flow rate of the wind, and pressing most of the fresh air input by the air supply device to the foremost end of the shield tunnel 3 construction. The secondary fan 5 is fixed at the tail part of the last trolley 8 of the shield, so that the working space is saved.
The refrigerator 6 is a semiconductor refrigerator composed of a plurality of semiconductor refrigerating sheets, the number of the semiconductor refrigerating sheets meets the maximum load requirement of the shield tunnel 3, and the refrigerating power of the semiconductor refrigerating sheets is determined by the number of semiconductor material P-type elements and N-type elements. The semiconductor refrigeration piece is arranged in front of the fan blade of the secondary fan 5, and the single semiconductor refrigeration piece is independently controlled by the control box 9.
The secondary air pipe 7 is made of a welded steel pipe with the wall thickness of 0.75mm and the diameter of 800mm, and the surface of the welded steel pipe is provided with a hot-dip galvanizing layer. The steel pipe is a spiral seam circular air pipe, is connected by flanges made of 30-by-3-specification angle steel materials, and the distance between M8-specification bolts and rivets of the flanges is 100 mm. The secondary air pipe 7 is fixed at the top end of the tunnel segment 4, one end of the secondary air pipe 7 is flexibly connected with the air outlet of the secondary fan 5, resonance generated by the secondary fan 5 and the secondary air pipe 7 can be reduced, and ventilation noise is reduced; the other end of the secondary air pipe 7 extends to the junction of the first shield trolley 10 and the shield tail 11, and the air outlet of the secondary air pipe 7 is arranged at a position 15m away from the tunnel face, so that air can be guided to the foremost end of tunnel construction, and good ventilation and cooling are realized.
The control device 333 is composed of three parts, including a temperature sensor 12, an air speed sensor 13 and a control box 9, the control device 333 is used for controlling the operation of the secondary air supply device to ensure the comfort of the shield construction environment, and the control principle is as shown in fig. 4.
The temperature sensor 12 is an H7080 type air pipe temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the air fed by the secondary air supply device, and is fixed outside the air outlet end of the secondary air pipe 7, and the output signal is received by the control box 9.
The wind speed sensor 13 is an NHFS45 type wind speed sensor, is used for measuring the wind speed of the tunnel construction environment after the secondary air supply device inputs airflow, is fixed on the first segment trolley 10 of the shield, and outputs a signal to be received by the control box 9.
The control box 9 is a small programmable intelligent logic controller which can receive and analyze the signals of the sensors in real time and feed back the results, thereby intelligently controlling the operation of the secondary fan 5 and the refrigerator 6 of the secondary air supply device. The control box 9 is arranged in a control room on the shield first-segment trolley 10.
The air draft device 444 consists of three parts, namely a trolley fan 14, a dust remover 15 and an air outlet pipe 16, can remove dust of hot and humid polluted gas in the tunnel, and discharges the air pressure after dust removal to the inlet end of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel.
The trolley fan 14 is an SDF-NO-11.2 type tunnel axial flow fan with the rotation speed of 960r/min, the full pressure of 636Pa and the air volume of 1000m3And/min. The SDF-NO-11.2 type tunnel type axial flow fan can extract air in the tunnel and exhaust the air to the outside, and air convection in the tunnel is enhanced. The SDF-NO-11.2 type tunnel axial flow fan is arranged at the head of the last trolley 8 of the shield, and the horizontal distance between the SDF-NO-11.2 type tunnel axial flow fan and the secondary fan 5 is about 13125mm of the length of the last trolley 8.
The dust remover 15 is a small dust removing device capable of filtering and collecting dust in gas, and can remove and collect dust contained in gas discharged by the front construction of the shield, so that the dust is prevented from being diffused and polluted again. The dust removing equipment is arranged on the last trolley 8 of the shield and is fixed at the connecting part of a trolley fan 14 and an air outlet pipe 16.
The air outlet pipe 16 is a circular canvas ventilation pipe with the diameter of 1.0m, comprises a plurality of canvas ventilation pipes with the length of 10m which are hermetically connected by adopting a resin samsung zipper with the strength of more than 2800N, and has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenient installation and the like. Be fixed in tunnel side below with circular canvas air pipe, one end is connected with 14 air outlets of platform truck fan, and the other end extends to and is close to the tunnel entry end, can prevent to pollute tunnel middle part operational environment. The specific positions of the air outlet pipes 16 and the main air pipe 2 can be seen in fig. 2 and 3.
The air supply device 111, the secondary air supply device 222, the control device 333 and the air draft device 444 adopt the following connection relations:
a main fan 1 of the air supply device 111 is arranged at the opening of the shield tunnel 3, an air outlet of the air supply device is connected with a main air pipe 2, and the main air pipe 2 is fixed at the top end of a tunnel segment 4; the secondary fan 5 of the secondary air supply device 222 is fixed on the last trolley 8 of the shield, the air outlet of the secondary fan 5 is flexibly connected with the secondary air pipe 7, and the secondary air pipe 7 is fixed on the top end of the tunnel segment 4. The refrigerator 6 of the secondary air supply device 222 is arranged at the connecting part of the secondary fan 5 and the secondary air pipe 7, and a plurality of semiconductor refrigeration sheets inside the refrigerator 6 are uniformly arranged in front of the fan blades of the secondary fan 5. The temperature sensor 12 of the control device 333 is fixed outside the air outlet end of the secondary air pipe 7, and the air speed sensor 13 and the control box 9 are fixed on the first segment trolley 10 of the shield. The control box 9 receives output signals of the temperature sensor 12 and the air speed sensor 13, and a signal output end of the control box 9 is connected with a secondary fan 5 and a refrigerator 6 of a secondary air supply device; the trolley fan 14 of the air draft device 444 is arranged on the last trolley 8 of the shield, the air outlet of the trolley fan 14 is connected with the air outlet pipe 16, and the air outlet pipe 16 is fixed below the inner side of the shield tunnel 3. The dust remover 15 is installed at the connection position of the trolley fan 14 and the air outlet pipe 16.
By adopting the circulating ventilation and cooling system for the shield tunnel construction operation section in the application example, multiple times of gas circulation ventilation in the shield tunnel can be realized, normal ventilation of the tunnel under lower energy consumption is realized, the comfort level of the construction environment and the construction efficiency of the shield tunnel are obviously improved, and the smooth propulsion of the shield is ensured.
Based on the above-mentioned shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system, another application example provides a shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling construction method, can carry out according to following step:
s1: and (5) selecting the type of the fan.
S10: and selecting parameters according to the actual condition of shield tunnel construction and the joint ventilation mode determined by the multiple circulating ventilation and cooling system.
S11: and calculating air volume and air pressure by adopting a traditional method in an industry standard so as to select ventilation equipment.
An SDF series NO12.5 type energy-saving axial flow fan is selected as a main fan 1, an SDF-I-8II type tunnel construction pipeline type pressurizing fan is a secondary fan 5, and an SDF-NO-11.2 type tunnel type axial flow fan is a trolley fan 14 through calculation by using a traditional method.
S2: the construction installation air supply device 111, the secondary air supply device 222, the control device 333 and the air draft device 444 are shown in the figure 1, the overall system schematic diagram is shown in the figure 2, and the relative positions of the air pipes specifically comprise the following steps:
s20: a main fan 1 of an air supply device is arranged at a tunnel opening of a shield tunnel 3, a main air pipe 2 is fixed at the top end of a tunnel segment 4, one end of the main air pipe is connected with an air outlet of the main fan 1, and the other end of the main air pipe extends to a heat source area at the tail part of a last trolley 8.
S21: the secondary fan 5 of the secondary air supply device is arranged on the last trolley 8 of the shield, the secondary air pipe 7 is fixed at the top end of the tunnel segment 4, one end of the secondary air pipe 7 is connected with the air outlet of the secondary fan 5, and the other end of the secondary air pipe extends to the junction of the first trolley 10 of the shield and the shield tail 11.
S22: the refrigerator 6 is arranged at the connecting part of the secondary fan 5 and the secondary air pipe 7, and a plurality of semiconductor refrigerating sheets inside the refrigerator are uniformly arranged in front of the fan blades of the secondary fan 5.
S23: the trolley fan 14 of the air draft device 444 is arranged at the head of the last trolley 8 of the shield, the air outlet pipe 16 is fixed below the inner side of the shield tunnel 3, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the air outlet, and the other end of the air outlet pipe extends to be close to the entrance end of the tunnel.
S24: the dust collector 15 is installed at a connection portion of the trolley fan 14 and the air outlet pipe 16.
S3: the related equipment for installing the control device 333 specifically comprises the following steps:
s31: the temperature sensor 12 is fixed outside the air outlet end of the secondary air pipe 7.
S32: the wind speed sensor 13 is fixed to the shield first-segment trolley 10.
S33: the control box 9 is installed in a control room of a first segment of the shield trolley 10, a signal receiving end of the control box is connected with a temperature sensor 12 and a wind speed sensor 13 by using a lead (or in a wireless mode), and a signal output end of the control box is connected with a secondary fan 5 and a refrigerator 6 by using a lead.
S4: the power supply is switched on, 220V alternating current is introduced into the control device 333, the control box 9 is started, and the parameter value of the control device 333 is set, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41: determining an upper threshold [ T ] for temperature sensor 12 data of control 3331]：
[T1]＝(1-10％)TGB
Wherein, TGBFor executing markAnd (5) calibrating the set upper limit value of the construction environment temperature. In this embodiment, the upper limit value T of the temperature proposed by shield tunnel construction and acceptance criteria (GB50446-2017) is adoptedGBCalculated [ T ] at 32 ℃1]＝28.8℃。
S42: determining a lower threshold [ T ] for temperature sensor 12 data of control 3332]：
[T2]＝(1-15％)TSF
Wherein, TSFThe temperature for making human body feel comfortable in summer is lower limit value of 19-24 deg.C, TSF19 ℃. In this example, [ T ]2]＝16.15℃。
S43: determining an upper threshold [ V ] for wind speed sensor 13 data of the control device 3331]：
[V1]＝(1-5％)Vmax
Wherein, VmaxAnd the upper limit value of the wind speed of the construction environment is set for the execution standard. In the embodiment, the maximum wind speed V in the tunnel proposed by the railway tunnel construction Specification (TB10204-2002) is adoptedmaxCalculated [ V ] 6m/s1]＝5.7m/s。
S44: determining the lower threshold value [ V ] for the control device 333 to process the wind speed sensor 13 data2]：
[V2]＝max(VT,VGB)
Wherein, VGBMinimum wind speed allowed in the tunnel as specified by the implementation standard; vTTo meet the cooling requirement for tunnel ventilation (i.e. the temperature of the operation section is the maximum value T allowed by the temperature of the operation section)max) The time wind speed can be obtained by establishing an energy conservation equation according to the real-time temperature T of the gas sent by the secondary air pipe and fed back by the temperature sensor 12:
c·ρgA(t1+t2)VT·(Tmax-T)＝κJW(1-η)t1
wherein c is the specific heat capacity of the air in the tunnel; rho is the density of air in the tunnel; g is the acceleration of gravity; a is the area of the cross section of the tunnel passing the wind; t is t1The time for tunneling each ring of the shield; t is t2Assembling each ring pipe piece of the shield; t ismaxThe upper limit value of the temperature of the tunnel operation section; t is the real-time temperature fed back by the temperature sensor 12; kappa is a correction coefficient considering the actual conditions of factors such as tunnel length, section size, gradient and the like; j is thermal equivalent, and J is 3600 kJ/kWh; w is the total power of the shield tunneling machine; eta is the total system efficiency.
In this embodiment, the minimum allowable wind speed V in the tunnel specified in shield tunnel construction and acceptance criteria (GB50446-2017) is usedGB0.25 m/s; the specific heat capacity of air varies with temperature, approximately 300K, namely the specific heat capacity at 26.85 ℃, and c is 1.005 kJ/(kg. DEG C); the density of air is approximate, rho is 1.29kg/m3；g＝9.8m/s2；A＝πR2＝50.265m2；t1＝30min＝0.5h；t2＝40min＝2/3h；Tmax＝TGBThe temperature is higher than 32 ℃; k is 1.32; the power W of the ZTE9100 type combined earth pressure balance shield machine is 4638 kW; η is 0.8; finally calculating to obtain VT0.8217/(32-T), the control unit 333 lower threshold value of anemometer 13 data
S5: starting the equipment, introducing 380V alternating current to the fan, and executing tunnel ventilation operation, wherein the ventilation process control principle is shown in figure 4. There are mainly three cases:
the first condition is as follows: the system is ventilated normally.
The system is normally operated, and the temperature of the gas pressed into the operation section of the shield tunnel 3 meets the requirement (namely [ T ]2]≤T≤[T1]) The wind speed of the operating section is also within the specified range (i.e. [ V ]2]≤V≤[V1]) And constructors can carry out related operations orderly and efficiently in a well ventilated environment.
Case two: the input gas temperature does not meet the requirements.
During combined operation of the system, the temperature of the input gas is not within the specified range (i.e., T > [ T ]1]Or T < [ T >2]) The control box 9 receives the environmental parameter value which is fed back by the temperature sensor 12 and exceeds the set threshold value, and compares the environmental parameter value with an upper threshold value which is set by an operator and used for processing sensor dataAnd (3) detecting and comparing the value and the lower threshold parameter: when the temperature of the input gas is higher (i.e. T > [ T ]1]) The working number of the semiconductor refrigerating sheets of the refrigerator 6 is intelligently increased according to the detection result; when the input gas temperature is lower (i.e. T < [ T ])2]) And the working number of the semiconductor refrigerating sheets of the refrigerator 6 is intelligently reduced according to the detection result.
Case three: the wind speed of the operation section does not meet the requirement.
When the wind speed of the operation section is not in the specified range (i.e. V > [ V ]) during the combined operation of the system1]Or V < [ V ]2]) And the control box 9 receives the environmental parameter value which is fed back by the wind speed sensor 13 and exceeds the set threshold value, and detects and compares the environmental parameter value with the upper threshold value and the lower threshold value parameters for processing the sensor data: when the wind speed is too high in the operation section (i.e. V > [ V ]1]) Intelligently reducing the working frequency of the secondary fan 5 according to the detection result; when the wind speed is too small in the operation section (i.e. V < [ V ]2]) And intelligently increasing the working frequency of the secondary fan 5 according to the detection result.
In the embodiment, by utilizing the circulating ventilation and cooling system of the shield tunnel construction operation section and the working method thereof, multiple times of gas circulating ventilation in the shield tunnel can be realized, the environmental temperature of the shield construction area is reduced from the original 38 ℃ to about 29 ℃, the normal ventilation and cooling of the tunnel under lower energy consumption are realized, the comfort level of the construction environment and the construction efficiency of the shield tunnel are obviously improved, and the smooth propulsion of the shield is ensured. The construction method is based on improvement of the existing ventilation method, adopts press-in type and draw-out type ventilation comprehensively, considers the cooling and dust removal effects, can effectively solve the problems of ventilation and cooling in the shield tunnel, and avoids slow shield tunneling caused by unsmooth exhaust and overhigh temperature in the tunnel.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments of the invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system which characterized in that includes:
the air supply device is used for conveying external air to the interior of the shield tunnel and realizing primary air supply for the shield tunnel;
the secondary air supply device is used for cooling the air conveyed to the interior of the shield tunnel by the air supply device and then pressing the cooled air to the foremost end of the shield tunnel construction;
the control device is used for controlling the operation of the secondary air supply device, and realizing the adjustment of the temperature of the shield construction environment and the wind speed of the operation end so as to ensure the comfort of the shield construction environment;
and the air draft device is used for carrying out dust removal treatment on the damp and hot polluted gas in the shield tunnel and discharging the polluted gas subjected to dust removal to the outside of the shield tunnel.
2. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating aeration-cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the air supply device comprises:
the main fan is arranged at the opening of the shield tunnel and provides external air to the inside of the shield tunnel;
the main air pipe is arranged at the top end of the tunnel segment, one end of the main air pipe is connected with an air outlet of the main fan, the other end of the main air pipe extends to the position close to a heat source area at the tail part of the trolley close to the tunnel portal, and external air can be drained to the inside of the shield tunnel.
3. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating ventilation and cooling system according to claim 2, wherein the main air duct is a flexible ventilating duct; the flexible ventilating duct adopts a canvas ventilating duct with a circular section.
4. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating aeration cooling system of claim 3, wherein the canvas ventilation duct is formed by axially splicing multiple sections of canvas ventilation ducts into a whole, and two adjacent sections of canvas ventilation ducts are hermetically connected through zippers.
5. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating aeration-cooling system of claim 1, wherein the secondary air supply device comprises:
the secondary fan is arranged at the tail part of the trolley close to the tunnel portal, and is a pressurizing fan which can pressurize air and accelerate the flow rate of the air;
the secondary air pipe is arranged at the top end of the tunnel segment, one end of the secondary air pipe is flexibly connected with an air outlet of the secondary fan, and the other end of the secondary air pipe extends to a junction of the trolley close to the shield tail and can guide air to the most front face of tunnel construction;
and the refrigerator is arranged at the connecting part of the secondary fan and the secondary air pipe and is used for cooling the air output by the secondary air supply device.
6. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating ventilation and cooling system according to claim 5, wherein the refrigerator is a semiconductor refrigerator, the semiconductor refrigerator comprises a plurality of semiconductor refrigeration pieces, and the plurality of semiconductor refrigeration pieces are uniformly arranged in front of the fan blades of the secondary fan.
7. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating ventilation cooling system according to claim 5, wherein the secondary air pipe is a rigid ventilation pipe, the rigid ventilation pipe is a steel pipe, and a zinc coating is arranged on the outer surface of the steel pipe; the steel pipe is a spiral seam circular air pipe.
8. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating aeration-cooling system according to claim 5, wherein the control device comprises:
the temperature sensor is arranged on the outer side of the other end of the secondary air pipe and used for collecting the air temperature output by the secondary air pipe;
the wind speed sensor is arranged on the trolley close to the tail of the shield and used for measuring the wind speed of an operation section after the secondary air supply device inputs air to the foremost end of the shield tunnel construction;
the input end of the control box is connected with the output ends of the temperature sensor and the air speed sensor, and the output end of the control box is connected with the secondary fan and the refrigerator, so that the received signals can be received and processed in real time, and results are fed back, so that the operation of the secondary fan and the refrigerator is controlled.
9. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulating aeration-cooling system according to claim 8, wherein the temperature sensor is an air duct type temperature sensor.
10. The shield tunnel construction operation section circulation aeration cooling system of claim 1, characterized in that updraft ventilator includes:
the trolley fan is arranged at the head of the trolley close to the tunnel portal and used for extracting air in the shield tunnel and discharging the air to the outside of the tunnel so as to strengthen air convection in the shield tunnel;
the air outlet pipe is arranged below the side of the tunnel, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with an air outlet of the trolley fan, and the other end of the air outlet pipe extends to the position of the tunnel opening;
and the dust remover is arranged on the trolley close to the tunnel portal, is positioned at the connecting part of the trolley fan and the air outlet pipe and is used for removing and collecting dust of the air inside the shield tunnel extracted by the trolley fan.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113431634A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-09-24 | 中铁高新工业股份有限公司 | Special thermal-insulated platform truck of underground space construction |
| CN114439535A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-06 | 陕西正通煤业有限责任公司 | Local refrigeration fan for deep high-temperature mine |
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2020
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113431634A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-09-24 | 中铁高新工业股份有限公司 | Special thermal-insulated platform truck of underground space construction |
| CN113431634B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2022-07-01 | 中铁高新工业股份有限公司 | Special thermal-insulated platform truck of underground space construction |
| CN114439535A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-06 | 陕西正通煤业有限责任公司 | Local refrigeration fan for deep high-temperature mine |
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