CN213481892U

CN213481892U - Universal material tester

Info

Publication number: CN213481892U
Application number: CN202022068724.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶益瑞; 王剑波; 唐光明
Original assignee: Taizhou Construction Municipal Engineering Testing Center Co ltd
Current assignee: Taizhou Construction Municipal Engineering Testing Center Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-21
Filing date: 2020-09-21
Publication date: 2021-06-18
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-21

Abstract

The utility model relates to an omnipotent material test appearance, including frame, sliding connection crossbeam in the frame, two mount pads and two anchor clamps, two mount pads are installed respectively on frame top and crossbeam, and two anchor clamps are installed respectively on two mount pads, and two anchor clamps press from both sides mouthful relatively, anchor clamps include magnetic sheet, limiting plate, two splint and drive assembly, limiting plate connection is on corresponding mount pad, the magnetic sheet adsorbs in the one side that the limiting plate deviates from continuous mount pad, and two splint are located the both sides of magnetic sheet respectively, and two splint sliding connection deviate from one side of continuous mount pad at the limiting plate, drive assembly is used for controlling two splint and keeps away from each other or be close to each other. The flaky material is sleeved on the magnetic plate and then clamped by the clamping plate, so that the contact area between the flaky material and the clamp is increased, the friction force is stronger, and the flaky material is not easy to drop from the clamp in the stretching process.

Description

Universal material tester

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of material detection, in particular to a universal material tester.

Background

At present, a universal material testing machine is one of the most common and important devices for testing material performance in the material production industry and quality inspection departments at all levels. The device can be used for detecting the mechanical properties, the process properties and the structure vibration resistance strength of various materials and products thereof in various environments and simulation states, is widely applied to the industries of mechanical electronics, transportation, metallurgical construction, novel materials and the like, and has the function of being not overlooked.

The universal material testing machine comprises a frame, a driving device and two fixtures, wherein the frame comprises a base, two supports, a cross beam and a top plate, the two supports are vertically arranged on the base, the two ends of the cross beam are arranged on the two supports, the cross beam passes through the driving device to drive the cross beam to slide up and down, the top plate is parallel to the cross beam, the two ends of the top plate are carried on the top ends of the two supports, the two fixtures are respectively arranged on the top plate and the cross beam, the positions of the fixture clamping materials are called as clamping openings, and the clamping openings of the two fixtures are opposite. In the actual detection process, the sample to be detected contains the sheet material, the two clamps respectively clamp the two ends of the sheet material, and then the driving device is started, so that the beam drives the first clamp to move upwards, and the sheet material is subjected to tensile property test.

The above-mentioned related technical solutions have the following drawbacks: the slice material is because thickness itself is thin, and the surface is more smooth, when carrying out tensile test to the slice material, the slice material receives the pulling force and produces deformation easily, and material thickness can become more thin more, leads to anchor clamps often not to live the slice material, in case the slice material drops and just need measure again, detection efficiency is not high.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to improve the problem that universal material tester is low to sheet-like material detection efficiency, the application provides a universal material tester.

The application provides a universal material tester adopts following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an omnipotent material test appearance, includes frame, sliding connection crossbeam in the frame, two mount pads and two anchor clamps, and two mount pads are installed respectively on frame top and crossbeam, and two anchor clamps are installed respectively on two mount pads, and two anchor clamps press from both sides the mouth relatively, anchor clamps include magnetic sheet, limiting plate, two splint and drive assembly, limiting plate connection is on corresponding mount pad, the magnetic sheet adsorbs in the one side that the limiting plate deviates from continuous mount pad, and two splint are located the both sides of magnetic sheet respectively, and two splint are located one side that the limiting plate deviates from continuous mount pad, and two splint sliding connection are on the limiting plate, drive assembly is used for controlling two splint and keeps away from each other or be close to each other.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the magnetic sheet can take off when centre gripping sheet material, overlaps the crooked cover of sheet material in magnetic sheet both sides earlier, and on placing back the limiting plate with the magnetic sheet that wraps up the sheet material again, then start drive arrangement control splint and slide to closely laminating in the magnetic sheet, the control crossbeam slides down and carries out tensile test to the sheet material. The sheet material is by two sides centre gripping on anchor clamps, the area of contact grow of sheet material and anchor clamps, and frictional force is stronger, and the sheet material is difficult for dropping from anchor clamps in tensile process. After the sheet material is stretched, the thickness of one side of the sheet material, which is subjected to the tensile force, is thinned, the thickness of the other side of the sheet material, which is not influenced by the tensile force, is unchanged, and the clamping capacity of the clamp on the sheet material is kept unchanged.

Preferably, drive assembly includes motor and two-way lead screw, two-way lead screw both ends difference threaded connection is on two splint, and two-way lead screw rotates to be connected on the limiting plate, two-way lead screw carries out rotary motion by motor control.

By adopting the technical scheme, the bidirectional screw is characterized in that two sections of threads with different screwing directions, namely one section of right-handed thread and one section of left-handed thread, are manufactured on one screw. Two splint threaded connection are at the both ends of two-way lead screw respectively, and starting motor control two-way lead screw's direction of rotation, two splint can be close to or separate simultaneously.

Preferably, the height of the magnetic plate is greater than that of the clamping plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when using splint centre gripping sheet material, the frictional force that produces between sheet material and magnetic sheet, the splint is by make full use of as far as, more is favorable to splint to grasp sheet material.

Preferably, the limiting plate deviates from the first recess that the mount pad one side intermediate position was equipped with the confession magnetic sheet and placed, the width of first recess is greater than the width of magnetic sheet.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the magnetic sheet is placed in first recess by the restriction, confirms that the magnetic sheet adsorbs the position on the limiting plate at every turn, can increase the probability that the magnetic sheet is by two splint centre grippings simultaneously, reduces the magnetic sheet because contact certain splint earlier and the condition that is passed by this splint.

Preferably, the device also comprises a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, wherein the second pressing plate is arranged at the bottom of the rack, one side of the cross beam, facing the second pressing plate, is connected with the first pressing plate, and the first pressing plate is opposite to the second pressing plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, will need to carry out the sample that the extrusion detected and put on the second clamp plate, first clamp plate can be along with the crossbeam downstream in order to extrude the sample on the second clamp plate, has increased pressure detection's function for universal material testing machine.

Preferably, the first pressing plate comprises a first bottom plate, two first turnover plates, a fixing part and an adsorption device, the first bottom plate is connected to the cross beam, the two first turnover plates are respectively hinged to two side walls of the first bottom plate, and when the first turnover plates are turned over so that one side of the first turnover plates, which is away from the cross beam, is flush with one side of the first bottom plate, which is away from the cross beam, the fixing part fixes the first turnover plates and the first bottom plate together; when the first turnover plate is turned over so that the side wall of the first turnover plate is attached to the side wall of the first bottom plate, which is far away from the cross beam, the first turnover plate and the first bottom plate are fixed together by the adsorption device.

The second pressing plate comprises a second bottom plate and two second turnover plates, the second bottom plate is connected to the bottom of the frame, the two second turnover plates are hinged to two sides of the second bottom plate respectively, the second turnover plates are turned to two sides of the second bottom plate to enable the second turnover plates to be flush with one side, facing the cross beam, of the first bottom plate, and the second turnover plates are turned to one side, facing the cross beam, of the second bottom plate to enable the side walls of the second turnover plates to be attached to the side walls, facing the cross beam, of the second bottom plate.

By adopting the technical scheme, the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate can be respectively folded by the first folding plate and the second folding plate to increase the placing area, so that more test materials with different sizes can be placed, and the space utilization rate of the universal material tester is improved by the design of the foldable folding plate. The fixing piece and the adsorption device on the first pressing plate respectively fix the positions of the first turnover plate when the first turnover plate is turned to two states, and the first turnover plate is fixed.

Preferably, the fixing piece comprises a bolt, the bolt is arranged on the first bottom plate, and a bolt hole matched with the bolt is formed in the side wall of the first turnover plate.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the first turnover plate is turned over to the two sides of the first bottom plate, the plug pin is inserted into the plug pin hole to fix the first turnover plate, so that the first turnover plate and the first bottom plate jointly form a contact surface to extrude a sample needing to be extruded and detected.

Preferably, the adsorption device comprises an external power supply and a coil communicated with the external power supply, the coil is arranged inside the first bottom plate, the external power supply is installed on the first pressing plate, the first turnover plate is made of ferromagnetic metal, and when the coil is electrified, the first pressing plate generates magnetic force and adsorbs the first turnover plate.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the external power supply is turned on to electrify the coil, the first bottom plate generates magnetic force to adsorb the first turnover plate, and when the external power supply is turned off to ensure that no current flows in the coil, the first bottom plate loses the magnetic force, and the first turnover plate can be automatically separated from the first bottom plate under the action of gravity.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the flaky material sleeve that will wait to detect is established on the magnetic sheet, adsorbs the magnetic sheet on the locating part again, then starts drive arrangement control splint and slides to closely laminating in magnetic sheet and flaky material, and at the in-process that carries out the drawing to the flaky material, the flaky material produces great frictional force through laminating with the magnetic sheet, and the flaky material is difficult for dropping from anchor clamps at tensile in-process.

2. The first pressing plate and the second pressing plate can increase the placing area by turning over the first turning plate and the second turning plate respectively, more samples to be tested with different sizes can be placed, and the space utilization rate of the universal material tester is improved due to the design of the foldable turning plate.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamp according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an exploded structure of a clamp according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first platen in an expanded state according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a folded state of a first platen according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second platen according to an embodiment of the present invention in an unfolded state.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second platen in a folded state according to an embodiment of the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a frame; 11. a support; 12. a base plate; 13. a top plate; 14. a one-way lead screw; 15. a drive member; 16. a guide bar; 17. a mounting seat; 18. a cross beam; 2. a clamp; 21. a limiting plate; 22. a motor; 23. a connecting rod; 24. a splint; 25. a bidirectional lead screw; 251. a first nut; 252. a second nut; 26. a magnetic plate; 27. a first groove; 3. a first platen; 31. a first base plate; 311. a first support bar; 32. a first flap plate; 33. an external power supply; 34. a bolt; 35. a pin hole; 36. a baffle plate; 4. a second platen; 41. a second base plate; 411. a second support bar; 42. a second flap.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-8.

The embodiment of the application discloses a universal material tester.

Referring to fig. 1, the universal material tester of the present embodiment includes a frame 1, a driving member 15, and a cross member 18, the frame 1 includes a base, two supports 11, and roof 13, two supports 11 all set up in the base both sides perpendicularly, crossbeam 18 sliding connection is on two supports 11, one side threaded connection of crossbeam 18 has one-way lead screw 14, the both ends of one-way lead screw 14 set up perpendicularly respectively on roof 13 and base, the opposite side sliding connection of crossbeam 18 is on guide bar 16, the both ends of guide bar 16 set up perpendicularly respectively on roof 13 and base, driving piece 15 can be the motor, the motor is installed on roof 13, the output shaft and the single coaxial coupling of lead screw of motor, driving piece 15 control one-way lead screw 14 rotates and drives crossbeam 18 and slide from top to bottom on two supports 11, the both ends of roof 13 are carried on the top of two supports 11, crossbeam 18 is parallel arrangement with roof 13.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, mounting seats 17 are respectively mounted on the top plate 13 and the cross beam 18, two clamps 2 are respectively mounted on the mounting seats 17, the clamping openings of the two clamps 2 are opposite, and a tension detector is mounted on the top plate 13.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a second support rod 411 is installed on the base, a second pressing plate 4 is installed on the first support rod 311, a first support rod 311 is installed on one side, facing the second pressing plate 4, of the cross beam 18, a first pressing plate 3 is installed on the first support rod 311, the first pressing plate 3 faces the second pressing plate 4, and a pressure detector is installed on the base.

The sample of waiting of omnipotent detection test appearance includes the bellows, carries out pressure measurement to the bellows, places the bellows on second clamp plate 4, utilizes the motion of driving piece 15 control crossbeam 18, and crossbeam 18 drives first clamp plate 3 downstream, and first clamp plate 3 extrudees the bellows, and the pressure detection appearance on the base detects the pressure variation that second clamp plate 4 received simultaneously to detect out the pressure range that the bellows can bear.

The sheet material for manufacturing the corrugated pipe is subjected to tension detection, two ends of the sheet material are clamped on the two clamps 2 respectively, the driving piece 15 is used for controlling the beam 18 to move, the beam 18 drives the clamps 2 to move downwards to stretch the sheet material, and meanwhile, the tension detector on the top plate 13 detects tension change of the clamps 2, so that the tension range which can be borne by the sheet material is detected.

Referring to fig. 3, anchor clamps 2 are including magnetic sheet 26, limiting plate 21, two splint 24, two connecting rods 23, motor 22 and two-way lead screw 25, and limiting plate 21 installs on corresponding mount pad 17, and the dovetail has been seted up to the intermediate position that limiting plate 21 deviates from mount pad 17 one side, is equipped with the forked tail piece that matches with the dovetail on two splint 24 respectively, and two splint 24 are parallel arrangement, and two splint 24's width is the same with limiting plate 21's width. Two ends of the bidirectional screw 25 are installed on one side of the limiting plate 21, the bidirectional screw 25 is arranged in parallel with the dovetail groove, one end of the bidirectional screw 25 penetrates through the limiting plate 21 to be connected with an output shaft of the motor 22, a first nut 251 and a second nut 252 are respectively screwed at two ends of the bidirectional screw 25, and the first nut 251 and the second nut 252 are respectively connected with the two clamping plates 24 through the connecting rods 23.

When the starting motor 22 rotates, the rotation of the motor 22 drives the bidirectional screw 25 to rotate, the nuts at two ends of the bidirectional screw 25 approach or separate from each other along with the rotation of the bidirectional screw 25, and the two nuts drive the clamping plates 24 to move through the connecting rods 23, so that the two clamping plates 24 approach or separate from each other.

Referring to fig. 4, one side of the limiting plate 21 away from the mounting seat 17 is provided with a first groove 27 for placing the magnetic plate 26, the first groove 27 is communicated with the dovetail groove, the first groove 27 is located in the middle of the two dovetail blocks, the width of the first groove 27 is greater than that of the magnetic plate 26, and the height of the magnetic plate 26 is greater than that of the clamping plate 24.

The sheet material is subjected to a tensile test, the magnetic plate 26 in the first groove 27 is taken down, one end of the sheet material is sleeved on the magnetic plate 26, the magnetic plate 26 is adsorbed back into the first groove 27, then the motor 22 is started, the clamping plates 24 approach each other to clamp the magnetic plate 26, when the two ends of the magnetic plate 26 are clamped by the clamp 2, the driving piece 15 is started to enable the cross beam 18 to drive the clamp 2 to move downwards, and the sheet material is subjected to the tensile test under the clamping of the clamp 2 and the magnetic plate 26.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first pressing plate 3 includes a first bottom plate 31 and two first flap plates 32, the first bottom plate 31 is connected to the cross beam 18 through a first supporting rod 311, the two first flap plates 32 are respectively hinged to two sides of the first bottom plate 31, the hinge position is close to the second pressing plate 4, the width of the first flap plate 32 is half of the width of the first bottom plate 31, and the thickness of the first flap plate 32 is the same as that of the first bottom plate 31.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, two slots are opened on the surface of the first bottom plate 31 facing the cross beam 18, two bolts 34 are located at the middle position of the first bottom plate 31 in the width direction, the two slots are respectively close to the hinge positions at two sides of the first bottom plate 31, and the bolts 34 are slidably connected to the slots. Bolt 34 is the setting of L type, the one end of bolt 34 is stretched out from the similar lateral wall of first bottom plate 31 along the length direction of first bottom plate 31, the slot is stretched out to the other end of bolt 34, the one end that corresponding articulated position was kept away from to the slot is equipped with baffle 36, baffle 36 is equipped with the spring towards the one end of corresponding bolt 34, spring coupling bolt 34 and baffle 36, the spring is in compression state all the time, the lateral wall that bolt 34 stretched out slot one end is in the slot lateral wall under the effect of spring laminating, first flap board 32 lateral wall is seted up with bolt 34 complex bolt 34 hole.

When the first flap 32 is folded to two sides of the first bottom plate 31, the latch 34 needs to be moved away from the first flap 32 against the elastic force of the spring, and after the sidewall of the first flap 32 is attached to the sidewall of the first bottom plate 31, the latch 34 automatically extends into the hole of the latch 34 under the elastic force of the spring. When the first folding plate 32 is folded to the side of the first bottom plate 31 far away from the cross beam 18, the latch 34 will extend out of the side wall of the first bottom plate 31 all the time under the action of the elastic force of the spring, so as to reduce the situation that the latch 34 falls off due to shaking during the movement of the first bottom plate 31.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, a coil is disposed inside the first pressing plate 3, an external power supply 33 is connected to the coil, the external power supply 33 is installed on one side of the first pressing plate 3 facing the cross beam 18, the first flipping plate 32 may be iron, cobalt, or nickel, as long as it is ferromagnetic metal that can be attracted by a magnet, and when the coil is energized, the coil generates magnetic force to attract the first flipping plate 32.

Carry out pressure detection to the bellows that needs to detect, when the area occupied by the bellows is less than first bottom plate 31 surface area, first clamp plate 3 is fold condition, needs to start external power supply 33 and makes the coil circular telegram, and the coil can produce magnetic force and adsorb first folded plate 32 that turns over, and two first folded plates 32 constitute the contact surface jointly and extrude the bellows this moment.

When the area occupied by the corrugated pipe is larger than the surface area of the first bottom plate 31, the first pressing plate 3 is in an open state, the external power supply 33 needs to be closed, the coil loses magnetic force, the first folding plate 32 can be automatically separated from the first bottom plate 31 under the action of gravity, the first folding plate 32 is folded to two sides of the first bottom plate 31, the plug pin 34 is inserted into the hole of the plug pin 34 to fix the side wall of the first bottom plate 31 and the side wall of the first folding plate 32 together, and at the moment, the two first folding plates 32 and the first bottom plate 31 jointly form a contact surface to extrude the corrugated pipe.

Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the second pressing plate 4 includes a second bottom plate 41 and two second flap plates 42, the second bottom plate 41 is connected to the base through a second support rod 411, the two second flap plates 42 are respectively hinged on two sides of the second bottom plate 41, the hinge position faces the first pressing plate 3, the width of the second flap plate 42 is half of the width of the second bottom plate 41, and the thickness of the second flap plate 42 is the same as that of the second bottom plate 41.

The corrugated pipe to be detected is placed on the second pressing plate 4 for pressure detection, when the occupied area of the corrugated pipe is smaller than the surface area of the second bottom plate 41, the second pressing plate 4 is in a folded state, at the moment, the second turnover plate 42 is turned over to the side, facing the first bottom plate 31, of the second bottom plate 41, and the two second turnover plates 42 form a contact surface for placing the corrugated pipe. When the area occupied by the corrugated tube is larger than the surface area of the second bottom plate 41, the second pressing plate 4 is in an open state, at this time, the second turnover plates 42 are turned over to two sides of the second bottom plate 41, and the two second turnover plates 42 and the second bottom plate 41 jointly form a contact surface for placing the corrugated tube.

The implementation principle of the universal material tester in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when using universal material tester to carry out tensile test to the sheet material, earlier two splint 24 of starter motor 22 control are kept away from each other, adsorb the magnetic sheet 26 that is equipped with the sheet material in first recess 27 again, two splint 24 of starter motor 22 control press from both sides tight magnetic sheet 26, then start driving piece 15 makes crossbeam 18 downstream, carry out tensile test to the sheet material, the tensile force that the tensile force detector on the roof 13 detected anchor clamps 2 and received changes simultaneously, thereby detect out the pulling force scope that the sheet material can bear.

Use universal material tester to carry out pressure test to the bellows that needs detected, when the area occupied of bellows is less than the surface area of second clamp plate 4, first clamp plate 3 and second clamp plate 4 all are fold condition, and when the area occupied of bellows is less than the surface area of second clamp plate 4, first clamp plate 3 and second clamp plate 4 all are open mode. The corrugated pipe is placed on the second pressing plate 4, the driving piece 15 is started to enable the cross beam 18 to move downwards, the first pressing plate 3 is enabled to extrude the corrugated pipe, and the pressure detector on the base detects the pressure change of the second pressing plate 4, so that the pressure range which can be borne by the corrugated pipe is detected.

The whole process not only improves the clamping method of the clamp 2 to the sheet material, so that the sheet material is not easy to fall off from the clamp 2, but also increases the pressure detection function, and the foldable design of the first pressing plate 3 and the second pressing plate 4 also improves the space utilization rate of the universal material tester.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a universal material tester, includes frame (1), crossbeam (18), two mount pads (17) and two anchor clamps (2) of sliding connection in frame (1), installs respectively on frame (1) top and crossbeam (18) two mount pads (17), and install respectively on two mount pads (17) two anchor clamps (2), and two anchor clamps (2) press from both sides mouthful relative, its characterized in that: anchor clamps (2) are including magnetic sheet (26), limiting plate (21), two splint (24) and drive assembly, limiting plate (21) are connected on corresponding mount pad (17), magnetic sheet (26) adsorb in one side that limiting plate (21) deviates from continuous mount pad (17), and two splint (24) are located the both sides of magnetic sheet (26) respectively, and two splint (24) are located one side that limiting plate (21) deviate from continuous mount pad (17), and two splint (24) sliding connection are on limiting plate (21), drive assembly is used for controlling two splint (24) and keeps away from each other or be close to each other.

2. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein: drive assembly includes motor (22) and two-way lead screw (25), two-way lead screw (25) both ends difference threaded connection is on two splint (24), and two-way lead screw (25) rotate to be connected on limiting plate (21), two-way lead screw (25) are controlled by motor (22) and are carried out rotary motion.

3. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the height of the magnetic plate (26) is greater than that of the clamping plate (24).

4. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein: limiting plate (21) deviate from mount pad (17) one side intermediate position and are equipped with first recess (27) that supply magnetic sheet (26) to place, the width of first recess (27) is greater than the width of magnetic sheet (26).

5. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the novel rack is characterized by further comprising a first pressing plate (3) and a second pressing plate (4), wherein the second pressing plate (4) is installed at the bottom of the rack (1), one side, facing the second pressing plate (4), of the cross beam (18) is connected with the first pressing plate (3), and the first pressing plate (3) is opposite to the second pressing plate (4).

6. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the first pressing plate (3) comprises a first bottom plate (31), two first turnover plates (32), a fixing piece and an adsorption device, the first bottom plate (31) is connected to the cross beam (18), the two first turnover plates (32) are respectively hinged to two side walls of the first bottom plate (31), and when the first turnover plates (32) are turned over to enable one sides of the first turnover plates (32) departing from the cross beam (18) to be flush with one sides of the first bottom plate (31) departing from the cross beam (18), the fixing piece fixes the first turnover plates (32) and the first bottom plate (31) together; when the first turnover plate (32) is turned over so that the side wall of the first turnover plate (32) is abutted against the side wall of the first bottom plate (31) departing from the cross beam (18), the first turnover plate (32) and the first bottom plate (31) are fixed together by the adsorption device.

7. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the second pressing plate (4) comprises a second bottom plate (41) and two second turnover plates (42), the second bottom plate (41) is connected to the bottom of the machine frame (1), the two second turnover plates (42) are respectively hinged to two sides of the second bottom plate (41), the second turnover plates (42) are turned to two sides of the second bottom plate (41) to enable one sides, facing the cross beam (18), of the second turnover plates (42) to be flush with one sides, facing the cross beam (18), of the first bottom plate (31), of the second bottom plate (41), and the second turnover plates (42) are turned to one sides, facing the cross beam (18), of the second bottom plate (41) to enable side walls of the second turnover plates (42) to be attached to side walls, facing the cross beam (18), of the second bottom plate (41).

8. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the fixing piece comprises a bolt (34), the bolt (34) is arranged on the first bottom plate (31), and a bolt (34) hole matched with the bolt (34) is formed in the side wall of the first turnover plate (32).

9. The universal material tester as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the adsorption device comprises an external power supply (33) and a coil communicated with the external power supply (33), the coil is arranged inside the first bottom plate (31), the external power supply (33) is installed on the first pressing plate (3), the first turnover plate (32) is made of ferromagnetic metal, and when the coil is electrified, the first pressing plate (3) generates magnetic force and adsorbs the first turnover plate (32).