CN213477194U - Large-span cable truss structure - Google Patents
Large-span cable truss structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN213477194U CN213477194U CN202022074781.2U CN202022074781U CN213477194U CN 213477194 U CN213477194 U CN 213477194U CN 202022074781 U CN202022074781 U CN 202022074781U CN 213477194 U CN213477194 U CN 213477194U
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A large-span cable truss structure comprises a double-layer ring cable, a pressure ring beam and a series of radial cable trusses radially arranged between the double-layer ring cable and the pressure ring beam; the double-layer ring cable comprises an upper ring cable and a lower ring cable; the radial cable truss is a triangular truss and comprises an upper radial cable, a lower radial cable and a mast; the inner side ends of the upper radial cable and the lower radial cable are respectively connected with the upper ring cable and the lower ring cable through an upper ring cable clamp and a lower ring cable clamp, and the outer side ends are anchored with the compression ring beam; the mast is vertically arranged between the upper radial cable and the lower radial cable at intervals, and the top end and the bottom end are respectively connected with the upper radial cable and the lower radial cable through radial cable clamps. The utility model discloses a passive stretch-draw technique carries out the cable truss stretch-draw, selects the lower radial cable of key as the cable of initiatively opening, and other cables and pole all stretch-draw passively. The utility model discloses simple structure, the stretch-draw technique is advanced, does not have complicated node, has effectively solved the difficult problem that can't realize whole initiative stretch-draws in the extensive truss construction, very big saving equipment and personnel capital, effectively reduced the time limit for a project.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a spoke formula cable truss promotes technical field, concretely relates to large-span cable truss structure.
Background
The spoke type cable truss is one of prestress structure systems, which is similar to the wheel of a bicycle in structure, and is connected to a tension inner ring through a radial cable by a compression outer ring rigid structure. Because the pull force is applied to the pull rope in advance and the pressure balance of the outer ring structure is realized to form the structural rigidity together, the whole structure belongs to a self-balancing stress system, only the vertical force transmission to the main structure is the bending moment effect, and the pull rope has the characteristics of light modeling, large space span, light dead weight, less steel consumption and the like.
At present, a plurality of problems exist in the construction of a large truss, on one hand, in the conventional engineering of installing a cable truss, a full-hall support is generally erected, a cable net is assembled on the support, and then the tensioning of each cable is carried out. But the engineering has large space scale and size, obviously, the construction measure cost for building a full scaffold is very high, the construction period is long, and the difficulty of hoisting the long cable to the support platform for unfolding and assembling is very high; on the other hand, the construction of the cable truss needs to establish necessary and reasonable prestress in each cable and rod piece, the structure can be molded and reaches an initial state consistent with the design, otherwise, not only the structure shape cannot be controlled, but also the structure safety is difficult to ensure. The engineering has the advantages that the prestressing stress exists on the upper radial cables and the lower radial cables, the prestressing stress also exists on the upper ring cables, the lower ring cables and the masts, obviously, the active tensioning of all the cables cannot be realized in the engineering, a large amount of equipment and personnel are required to be invested, the construction period is long, and the complexity of node construction is increased.
In summary, a new spoke type double-layer cable truss structure is needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a large-span cable truss structure, there are complicated node, extensive truss construction can't realize whole initiative stretch-draw, not only need drop into a large amount of equipment and personnel in addition, long, the high technical problem of cost in the solution among the current prestressed cable truss system.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a large-span cable truss structure, locates in the full tension structure system, its characterized in that: the cable truss structure comprises a double-layer ring cable on the inner side, a pressure ring beam on the periphery and a series of radial cable trusses radially arranged between the double-layer ring cable and the pressure ring beam;
the double-layer ring cable comprises an upper ring cable and a lower ring cable, upper ring cable clamps are arranged on the upper ring cable at intervals, lower ring cable clamps are arranged on the lower ring cable at intervals, and the upper ring cable clamps and the lower ring cable clamps vertically correspond to each other;
the compression ring beam is an annular steel structure beam, and a steel structure mast is supported at the bottom of the compression ring beam;
the radial cable truss is a triangular truss and comprises an upper radial cable, a lower radial cable and a mast;
the inner side end of the upper radial cable is connected with the upper ring cable through an upper ring cable clamp, and the outer side end of the upper radial cable is anchored with the compression ring beam;
the inner side end of the lower warp cable is connected with the lower ring cable through a lower ring cable clamp, and the outer side end of the lower warp cable is anchored with the compression ring beam;
the masts are vertically arranged between the upper radial cables and the lower radial cables at intervals, and the top ends and the bottom ends of the masts are respectively connected with the upper radial cables and the lower radial cables through radial cable clamps; the innermost mast is arranged between the upper ring cable and the lower ring cable, and the crossed carbon fiber cable is arranged between every two adjacent masts.
As the preferred technical proposal of the utility model, the upper ring cable clip and the lower ring cable clip have the same structure and comprise a main body block, a ring cable groove, a ring cable cover plate, an adjusting bolt and a radial connecting lug plate; the main body block is a rectangular block; a plurality of annular cable grooves are symmetrically formed in the upper plate surface and the lower plate surface of the main body block, and the single cables of the upper annular cable or the lower annular cable are arranged in the annular cable grooves; the annular cable cover plate is covered on the annular cable groove; the adjusting bolts are vertically arranged on two sides of the annular cable groove, penetrate through the annular cable cover plate and are fixedly connected with plate bodies on two sides of the annular cable groove, and the friction force between the annular cable cover plate and the upper annular cable or the lower annular cable is adjusted through rotation of the adjusting bolts; the radial connecting lug plate is vertically arranged on one side of the main body block close to the radial cable truss, and a pin hole is formed in the radial connecting lug plate and is connected with a cable head pin shaft of the upper radial cable or the lower radial cable.
Preferably, the waist of the main body block is provided with a weight reduction structure, which comprises a weight reduction groove arranged on one side surface of the main body block far away from the radial cable and a weight reduction cavity arranged on one side close to the radial cable truss; the weight reduction grooves and the weight reduction cavities are symmetrically arranged in pairs, and the waist of the plate body is divided into cross-shaped webs.
Preferably, the upper ring cable and the lower ring cable are respectively composed of eight single cables, correspondingly, the number of the ring cable grooves of the upper ring cable clamp and the lower ring cable clamp is four, the upper plate surface and the lower plate surface are respectively provided with two pairs, and the eight single cables are respectively embedded in the eight ring cable grooves.
Furthermore, a mast is arranged between the upper ring cable and the lower ring cable, two ends of the top and the bottom of the mast are fixedly connected with the upper ring cable clamp and the lower ring cable clamp respectively, and correspondingly, connecting lug plates used for being connected with the mast are arranged on the bottom surface of the upper ring cable clamp and the top surface of the lower ring cable clamp respectively.
Furthermore, the radial cable clamp comprises a main body plate, a radial cable groove, a radial cover plate, a force control bolt and an ear plate, wherein the main body plate is a rectangular plate, the radial cable groove is formed in the top surface of the rectangular plate, the upper radial cable and the lower radial cable are embedded in the radial cable groove, and the radial cover plate covers the radial cable groove; the force control bolts are vertically arranged on two sides of the radial cable groove, penetrate through the radial cover plate and are fixedly connected with plate bodies on two sides of the annular cable groove, and the friction force between the radial cover plate and the upper radial cable or the lower radial cable is adjusted through rotation of the force control bolts; the lug plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the main body plate, and a pin hole is formed in the lug plate and used for being connected with the mast.
Furthermore, the pressing ring beam is provided with double lug plates, and the double lug plates are respectively provided with a preformed hole for connecting with cable heads of the upper radial cable and the lower radial cable.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a technical advantage lies in:
1. the utility model discloses simple structure, through cable clamp connecting elements, effectively realize the effective of the power on every path radial cable, accurate transmission, for domestic bulky steel casting adopts the European standard preparation for the first time, have pioneering meaning, accessible cable clamp and the anti-skidding test of cable when specifically using, confirm adjusting bolt's moment of torsion, thereby realize preventing sliding through frictional resistance between cable and the cable clamp, when realizing that hoop cable and radial cable are connected, apply certain pretension to the hoop cable, ensure that radial cable and hoop cable are effectively connected, pretension's effective transmission, prevent that sliding of tie point is construction control;
2. the utility model adopts the method of low-altitude assembly and air traction lifting to install the cable rod system to the high altitude, the ring cable is assembled on the scaffold (about 1.5 high) erected on the stand, and the upper and lower radial cables are spread and laid on the stand; pulling and assembling an upper radial cable between the inner pull ring and the ring cable by using an upper radial tooling cable, and assembling a mast and a lower radial cable after lifting to the calculated height of 16 m; and installing a lower radial cable lifting tool, continuously utilizing the upper radial tool cable to integrally pull the lifting cable net system to the high altitude, connecting the upper radial cable with the inner compression ring, continuously lifting the lower radial cable tool, installing and tensioning the lower radial cable, and completing installation and tensioning of the cable net system. The method of low-altitude assembly and air traction lifting is successfully applied to large and complex full-tension structural engineering for many times. The method avoids the erection of a large number of full-space supports, greatly saves the construction cost, improves the assembly quality by low-altitude assembly, has small high-altitude operation amount and is safe to construct; the speed is high, the construction period is saved, and the method is a safe, reasonable, advanced and scientific installation method;
3. the utility model discloses a passive stretch-draw technique carries out the stretch-draw of cable truss, selects the lower radial cable of key as the cable of initiatively opening, and other cables and pole all stretch-draw passively. The full tension structure is different from a common prestressed steel structure, and when the unstressed length of all the components (including the pull cable and the pressure rod) is fixed, the formed shape and the prestressed state are correspondingly determined. Therefore, the passively tensioned cable-strut system is assembled according to a certain unstressed length, the actively tensioned cable is used as a port for inputting prestress, and the active cable is tensioned to establish a preset prestress in the whole structure. The selection of the active tensioning cable is the key. The engineering cable truss is radiated along the radial direction, and radial cables (upper radial cables or lower radial cables) are selected as active tensioning cables to ensure the tensioning quality of the structure. In the engineering, the cable force of the upper radial cable is smaller than that of the lower radial cable, but the upper radial cable is firstly anchored with the inner compression ring and then is the lower radial cable, so that the lower radial cable is selected as a final active tensioning cable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a stadium skeleton according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the spoke type double-layer cable truss structure according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the connection arrangement of the longitudinal cable truss and the upper and lower ring cables according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a longitudinal cable truss according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the upper ring cable according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the internal construction of the upper lanyard of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the lower cable according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the radial cable clamp according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the connection relationship between the upper or lower ring cable and the upper or lower ring cable clamp according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the connection relationship of the radial cable clamp according to the present invention to the upper radial cable or the lower radial cable;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a crossing carbon fiber cable according to the present invention;
fig. 12 to 19 are schematic views illustrating operations of the first to eighth steps in the lifting method according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-ring pressing beam, 2-upper ring cable, 3-lower ring cable, 4-upper ring cable clamp, 5-lower ring cable clamp, 6-upper radial cable, 7-lower radial cable, 8-mast, 9-radial cable clamp, 101-main body block, 102-ring cable groove, 103-ring cable cover plate, 104-adjusting bolt, 105-radial connecting lug plate, 201-main body plate, 202-radial cable groove, 203-radial cover plate, 204-force control bolt, 205-lug plate and 11-crossed carbon fiber cable.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is a special construction project for a certain city sports center-stadium cable structure, the cable truss construction needs to establish necessary and reasonable prestress in each cable and rod, the structure can be formed and reach the initial state in accordance with the design, otherwise, not only the structure shape can not be controlled, but also the structure safety is difficult to be guaranteed. The engineering has the advantages that the prestressing stress exists on the upper radial cables and the lower radial cables, the prestressing stress also exists on the upper ring cables, the lower ring cables and the masts, obviously, the active tensioning of all the cables cannot be realized in the engineering, a large amount of equipment and personnel are required to be invested, the construction period is long, and the complexity of the node structure is increased.
Like fig. 2 and 3, the utility model relates to a prestressing force steel construction is spoke formula cable truss structure, and the main structure is pressed the ring post in by the rigidity, upper and lower ring cable, goes up radial cable, cross cable, mast and inner ring mast constitute, like fig. 4, radial cable truss upper and lower chord is the closed cable, and middle mast is the steel pipe, and overall structure is along radially dividing into 6 net, and the size is 4m, 9m, 5m by pull ring to clamping ring in proper order, and the cable truss height is about 17m, belongs to the full tension structural system of prestressing force self-balancing. Full tension structural systems must be tensioned to build the necessary pre-stress in the structure to provide structural rigidity to carry loads and maintain shape. Therefore, the prestress is an important content of the structure, besides the geometrical parameters and mechanical properties of the members themselves, the geometrical topological relation between the members and the connection nodes. The "forces" and "shapes" in the cable-truss structure are uniform, with the "forces" being balanced across the corresponding "shapes". Therefore, the stay cable construction needs to perform double control on the force and the shape, namely, control the cable force and the structural shape.
Specifically, the cable comprises an inner double-layer ring cable, a peripheral pressure ring beam 1 and a series of radial cable trusses radially arranged between the inner double-layer ring cable and the peripheral pressure ring beam; the double-layer ring cable comprises an upper ring cable 2 and a lower ring cable 3, upper ring cable clamps 4 are arranged on the upper ring cable 2 at intervals, lower ring cable clamps 5 are arranged on the lower ring cable 3 at intervals, and the upper ring cable clamps 4 vertically correspond to the lower ring cable clamps 5; the radial cable truss is a triangular truss and comprises an upper radial cable 6, a lower radial cable 7 and a mast 8; the inner side end of the upper radial cable 6 is connected with the upper ring cable 2 through an upper ring cable clamp 4, and the outer side end is anchored with the compression ring beam 1; the inner side end of the lower warp cable 7 is connected with the lower ring cable 3 through the lower ring cable clamp 5, and the outer side end is anchored with the compression ring beam 1; the mast 8 is vertically arranged between the upper radial cable 6 and the lower radial cable 7 at intervals, and the top end and the bottom end are respectively connected with the upper radial cable 6 and the lower radial cable 7 through radial cable clamps 9. As shown in fig. 9 and 10.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the upper and lower ring binders 4 and 5 are identical in structure, and include a body block 101, a ring binder groove 102, a ring binder cover plate 103, an adjustment bolt 104, and a radial attachment lug plate 105.
As shown in the figure, the main body block 101 is a rectangular block, the whole thickness is 600mm, the total length is 1600mm, the width is 600mm, the waist part of the main body block is provided with a weight reducing structure, and the weight reducing structure comprises a weight reducing groove arranged on one side surface of the main body block 101 far away from the radial cable and a weight reducing cavity arranged on one side close to the radial cable; the weight reducing grooves and the weight reducing cavities are symmetrically arranged in pairs, the waist of the main body block is divided into cross-shaped webs, the length and the thickness of the two cross-shaped webs are equal, the two outward side surfaces of the weight reducing grooves are open, the weight reducing cavities are only open towards one side, the height of the two weight reducing cavities is the same in the vertical direction and is 260mm, two side plates of the cross-shaped web structure are vertically arranged, the thickness of the plate is 80mm, the middle part of the main body block is divided into 4 areas, the weight reducing grooves and the weight reducing cavities are respectively arranged in 4 areas, and the thickness of a top plate and the thickness of a bottom; and corner positions of the weight-reducing grooves and the weight-reducing cavities are rounded at R30.
A plurality of cable grooves 102 are symmetrically arranged on the upper plate surface and the lower plate surface of the main body block 101, the single cables of the upper cable 2 or the lower cable 3 are arranged in the cable grooves 102, the upper cable 2 and the lower cable 3 are respectively composed of eight single cables, the number of the cable grooves 102 of the upper cable clamp 4 and the lower cable clamp 5 is four, two pairs of cable grooves are respectively arranged on the upper plate surface and the lower plate surface, the eight single cables are respectively embedded in the eight cable grooves 102, the distance between the two outermost cable grooves and the edge is 200mm, the distance between the two middle cable grooves is 750mm, and the distance between the two paired cable grooves is 250 mm; the cable groove is a sinking groove, the two sides of the sinking groove are protruded to form strip-shaped wings at the position where the cover plate is not arranged, the height of each strip-shaped wing is 65mm, and the corners are all subjected to radius fillet treatment; the inner side of the strip-shaped protective wing is a curved surface and forms smooth transition with the cable groove. The ring cable cover plate 103 is covered on the ring cable groove 102; the adjusting bolts 104 are vertically arranged on two sides of the annular cable groove 102, bolt blind holes are formed in the main body blocks on the two sides of the cable groove, bolt through holes are formed in the plate bodies of the cover plate on the two sides of the cable groove, the plate bodies penetrate through the annular cable cover plate 103 and are fixedly connected with the plate bodies on the two sides of the annular cable groove, the size of each bolt hole is 230 mm, 260mm and 48mm, three pairs of bolt holes are formed in the plate bodies, and the friction force between the annular cable cover plate 103 and the upper cable 2 or the lower cable 3 is adjusted through rotation of the adjusting bolts 104; the radial connecting lug plate 105 is vertically arranged on one side of the main body block close to the radial cable truss, and is provided with a pin hole to be connected with a cable head pin shaft of the upper radial cable 6 or the lower radial cable 7.
A mast 8 is arranged between the upper ring cable 2 and the lower ring cable 3, two ends of the top and bottom of the mast 8 are fixedly connected with the upper ring cable clamp 4 and the lower ring cable clamp 5 respectively, and correspondingly, the bottom surface of the upper ring cable clamp 4 and the top surface of the lower ring cable clamp 5 are respectively provided with a connecting lug plate used for being connected with the mast.
As shown in fig. 8, the radial cable clamp 9 includes a main body plate 201, a radial cable groove 202, a radial cover plate 203, a force control bolt 204 and an ear plate 205, the main body plate 201 is a rectangular plate, the radial cable groove 202 is disposed on the top surface of the rectangular plate, the upper radial cable 6 and the lower radial cable 7 are embedded in the radial cable groove 202, and the radial cover plate 203 is disposed on the radial cable groove 202; the force control bolts 204 are vertically arranged on two sides of the radial cable groove 202, penetrate through the radial cover plate 203 and are fixedly connected with plate bodies on two sides of the annular cable groove, and the friction force between the radial cover plate 203 and the upper radial cable 6 or the lower radial cable 7 is adjusted through rotation of the force control bolts 204; the ear plate 205 is disposed on the bottom surface of the main body plate 201, and is provided with a pin hole for connecting with the mast 8.
The ring pressing beam 1 is an annular steel structure beam, and a steel structure mast is supported at the bottom of the ring pressing beam; the pressing ring beam 1 is provided with double lug plates, and the double lug plates are respectively provided with a preformed hole for connecting with cable heads of the upper radial cable 6 and the lower radial cable 7. Between the upper looped cable 2 and the lower looped cable 3, a crossing carbon fiber cable 11 is provided between two adjacent masts 8, as shown in fig. 11.
The utility model discloses the main measure of taking is that adopt passive stretch-draw technique to carry out the stretch-draw of cable truss, promptly: the lower radial cable of the key is selected as an active tension cable, and other cables and rods are passively tensioned. The full tension structure is different from a common prestressed steel structure, and when the unstressed length of all the components (including the pull cable and the pressure rod) is fixed, the formed shape and the prestressed state are correspondingly determined. Therefore, the passively tensioned cable-strut system is assembled according to a certain unstressed length, the actively tensioned cable is used as a port for inputting prestress, and the active cable is tensioned to establish a preset prestress in the whole structure. The selection of the active tensioning cable is the key. The engineering cable truss is radiated along the radial direction, and radial cables (upper radial cables or lower radial cables) are selected as active tensioning cables to ensure the tensioning quality of the structure. The concrete construction steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: as shown in fig. 12, the upper radial cables and the upper circumferential cables are assembled on the ground and the risers are installed. Assembling an upper ring cable and an upper radial cable on the stand; draw the equipment between ring cable and interior clamping ring and go up radial cable, wherein go up the upper end of radial cable and add radial frock cable and be connected with interior clamping ring, must notice:
1) except for the lower radial cable which is actively tensioned in future, all the stay cables are assembled in place after measuring errors and adjusting the cable length.
2) The annular cable and the radial cable are freely unfolded, so that the cable body is prevented from twisting;
3) the cable clamp is installed strictly according to the marked position and is screwed down immediately, so that sliding in construction is avoided.
The second step is that: as shown in fig. 13, the upper radial cables and the upper ring cables are lifted to a height of about 16m, and parts of the mast, the lower radial cables and the lower ring cables are assembled.
Laying a lower ring cable and a lower radial cable on the ground and a stand; assembling part of masts and inner ring crossed tool cables, additionally installing a lower traction tool cable and a traction jack thereof, and connecting a lower radial cable and an inner compression ring.
The third step: as shown in fig. 14, the hoisting cable structure is pulled integrally to anchor the upper radial cable to the inner compression ring.
And continuously drawing the upper/lower radial tooling cables to cooperatively lift the whole cable net system until the upper radial cables are anchored with the inner compression ring.
The fourth step: and (5) continuing to pull the lower radial cable, and installing the secondary outer ring mast when the lower radial tooling cable is still 5m, as shown in FIG. 15.
The fifth step: and (5) continuing to pull the lower radial cable, and installing the outermost circle of masts when the lower radial cable is still 1 m.
And a sixth step: and (5) continuing to pull the lower radial cable, and anchoring the lower radial cable with the inner compression ring as shown in fig. 17. The synchronism of traction, tension and anchoring of 52 radial cables is required to meet the step calculation requirement (in the same step, the cables are symmetrically installed in batches).
The seventh step: and (5) continuing to pull the lower radial cable, and installing the outermost circle of masts when the lower radial cable is still 1 m.
Eighth step: as shown in fig. 19, the inner ring crossed tooling cable is removed, the inner ring crossed structural cable is installed, and the whole structure is formed.
1. Inhaul cable construction method
The inhaul cable site construction content mainly comprises three parts: low-altitude stress-free assembly, air traction lifting and high-altitude grading synchronous tensioning.
1.1 Low-altitude Assembly of a Cable Net System
1.1.1 preceding sequence work before installation of inhaul cable
1) Visual inspection of the stay cable: whether the cable body surface and the cable head anticorrosive coating are damaged or not.
2) And checking whether the actual manufacturing length of the stay cable meets the requirement.
3) And (3) checking a node connected with the inhaul cable: and whether the node is installed in place or not and the connection with the peripheral component is reliable.
4) The components connected with the guy cable are stable and reliable, and a support or a guy cable and the like are arranged if necessary.
5) For the work which is difficult to be finished after the stay is installed, the work is finished before the stay is installed, such as the antirust coating of the cable head connecting plate.
6) The cable head adjusting device and other parts need to be lubricated by applying a proper amount of grease so as to be convenient for screwing the adjusting device.
7) In order to facilitate the construction operation of workers, a safe and reliable operation platform, a hanging basket and the like are erected in advance.
8) And carrying out technical training and bottom-meeting before officially putting on duty, and carrying out safety and quality education.
9) Before formal use, the construction equipment is checked, checked and debugged, and the use process is ensured to be absolutely safe.
1.1.2 general principle of low-altitude assembly of cable net system
1) All components are assembled as stress-free as possible near the ground.
2) The components at the same positions are symmetrically arranged from inside to outside and from top to bottom.
3) Assembling the upper radial cable and the upper ring cable, and then assembling the lower ring cable, the inner ring mast, the lower radial cable and the mast between the radial cables.
4) Except the cable head of the lower radial cable connected with the inner compression ring, the adjusting devices of other cables are adjusted to the cable length marking position during cable manufacturing and then assembled in place to eliminate the cable manufacturing length error.
5) In order to facilitate the connection of the lower radial cable with the inner compression ring after the cable-rod system is lifted and dragged to high altitude, the adjusting device can be lengthened as much as possible during the assembly of the lower radial cable.
6) The cable clamp is installed according to the cable clamp mark position on the surface of the cable body strictly, and a torque wrench is used for screwing the bolt according to the calculated screwing torque.
7) The length of the stay cable and the position of the cable clamp are strictly controlled during ground assembly.
1.1.3 Cable-and-Pole series Assembly construction sequence
Assembling and constructing the cable net: the upper ring cable, the upper radial cable and the tooling cable are paved and connected, the upper radial cable is lifted, the lower ring cable is paved and connected with an inner ring mast and a cable clamp to be assembled, the cable net is continuously pulled and lifted, the upper radial cable and the lower radial cable which can be installed are installed while being lifted, the upper radial cable is anchored, the lower radial cable is continuously lifted, the lower radial cable is installed and tensioned, the inner ring cross cable is installed, and the cable net structure is formed.
1.2 traction lifting of cable net systems
1.2.1 preordering work of hauling and lifting of cable net system
1) And finishing the low-altitude assembly of the cable net system.
2) And finishing the connection check of all the guys.
3) And finishing the connection inspection of the cable net system and the peripheral steel structure.
4) The surrounding steel structure and the support thereof are stable and reliable, and the inspection is finished.
5) The structural components and the accessory components (such as a bracket wind cable and the like) do not block the traction lifting path of the cable-rod system, and the inspection is finished.
6) And finishing the checking and the checking of the traction lifting equipment.
7) And organizing the relevant personnel for traction and lifting construction to learn traction and lifting operation detailed rules, wherein the rules comprise command signals, steps, traction lifting amount, emergency schemes and the like, and personnel organization, technical training and end of delivery are finished.
1.2.2 principle of traction and lifting construction of cable net system
1) And (4) synchronously pulling the upper radial tooling cables in a grading manner to enable the upper radial cables of each roof truss to gradually approach the inner compression ring.
2) In the traction process, the overall configuration of the cable-rod system is mainly controlled, the traction length of the upper radial tooling cable is mainly controlled, the traction force is used as a reference, and the working condition comparison is carried out with the calculation result.
3) The control standard of the overall configuration of the cable-rod system in the traction process is as follows: the overall configuration is consistent with the theoretical analysis, the geometry is stable,
the pressure bar does not turn out of the plane.
4) The control standard of the traction length of the upper radial tooling cable in the traction process is as follows: deviation from the standard value is less than +/-25 mm.
5) The control standard of the traction force in the traction process is as follows: deviation from the standard value is less than +/-20%.
6) The bearing capacity of the traction tooling cable subjected to main stress has a double safety factor.
1.2.3 Cable-rod system traction lifting construction process
The method comprises the steps of building an operation platform, installing and debugging traction equipment, performing primary traction lifting, performing formal traction lifting, connecting an upper radial cable with an inner compression ring in place, and connecting a lower radial cable with the inner compression ring.
All preparation work is finished, and after systematic and comprehensive inspection confirms that no errors exist, a hoisting command is issued by a field hoisting master command, and hydraulic integral traction lifting can be performed. The position and internal force of the cable-rod system in the whole traction and lifting process
1) Preliminary traction hoist
First, a staged loading trial lift is performed. Through observation and monitoring of the lifting cable bar system, the peripheral structure, the traction lifting equipment system and the tool in the trial lifting process, the condition that the simulation working condition calculation and design conditions are met is confirmed, and the safety of the traction lifting process is ensured. During initial traction lifting, the pressure of the stretching cylinder of each traction point lifter is gradually increased in stages, the initial pressurization is 40%, 60%, 80% and 90% of the required pressure, and in all cases, the initial pressurization can be increased to 100%, namely, the cable rod system is tried to be lifted away from the ring cable assembly jig. In the process of hierarchical loading, after each step of hierarchical loading is finished, suspending and checking the steps as follows: deformation of cable-and-rod systems, tooling, etc. before and after loading, and stability of peripheral structures, etc. And under all normal conditions, continuing the next step of hierarchical loading. When the ring cable is loaded in a grading manner and is about to leave the assembly jig frame, different frame falling-off conditions of all points may exist, the traction speed is reduced at the moment, the frame falling-off conditions of all points are closely observed, and single-point motion or micro-motion traction lifting is performed if necessary. The stability of the annular cable stripping frame is ensured, and all points are synchronous. And finishing the grading loading. And (3) pausing after the ring cable is separated from the assembly jig by about 200mm, and staying for about 4 hours to fully check the operation of each device and the normal condition of other component systems: deformation before and after loading of cable-rod systems, tools and the like, uniform loading of a jack of each traction point (pressure gauge reading), stability of peripheral structures and the like. Under normal conditions, the formal traction and lifting are started.
2) Formal traction lifting
And in the initial traction lifting stage, the formal traction lifting is started under all normal conditions. The hydraulic traction lifting process is as follows: one process is one stroke of the hydraulic lifter, namely the traction tooling cable is drawn to shorten the length of one stroke. As shown below, the entire cable-bar system is pulled and lifted step by step until the upper radial cables are connected in place with the inner compression ring.
The inspection should be carried out at any time in the whole synchronous traction and lifting process:
a. the jack of each traction point is uniformly loaded;
b. the stability of the peripheral structure;
c. the geometrical stability of the rope-rod system in the traction and lifting process;
d. controlling the synchronism of each traction point;
c. scales are marked on the steel strand of the traction tool cable, and the synchronism in the traction lifting process is measured in a matching manner;
e. monitoring a traction lifting bearing system:
the traction lifting bearing system is a key component, and careful inspection and careful observation must be carried out. Key inspection: anchorage (anchor-off condition, anchor sheet and its loose anchor screw); the steel strand in the guide frame smoothly penetrates out; a main oil cylinder, an upper anchor oil cylinder and a lower anchor oil cylinder (whether leakage or other abnormal conditions exist); hydraulic lock (hydraulic control one-way valve), hose and coupling.
f. Monitoring a hydraulic power system:
monitoring contents of the hydraulic power system: a system pressure change condition; oil path leakage; oil temperature change condition; the temperature change conditions of an oil pump, a motor and each electromagnetic valve coil; a system noise condition.
3) Traction lifting into position
And the cable head of the upper radial cable is suspended when approaching the inner compression ring, each traction point is finely adjusted, and the adjusting device of the cable head is accurately adjusted, so that the cable head of the upper radial cable is connected with the inner compression ring in place. And then the hydraulic jack is unloaded and dismantled to finish traction and lifting. When the upper radial cable is connected with the inner compression ring, the cable rod system needs to stay in the air for a period of time. The mechanical and hydraulic self-locking device of the hydraulic traction lifting device can ensure that the cable rod is tied at any position in the air (or in the lifting process) and reliably locked for a long time. And because the lifting height of the cable-pole system is higher, the cable-pole system belongs to a hollow structure, and the influence of wind load on the traction lifting process is smaller. In order to ensure the absolute safety of the traction and lifting process of the cable-rod system and consider the requirement of high-altitude connection on the precision, if the cable-rod system stays in the air for a long time, the cable-rod system is connected with a peripheral structure or a stand through a guide chain or a wind-pulling rope if necessary, and the effect of limiting the displacement of the cable-rod system is achieved.
4) Unloading and dismantling equipment
And after the upper radial cable is connected with the inner compression ring in place, the traction lifting equipment is unloaded and dismantled. The hydraulic traction lifting system is started, each lifting point is unloaded in a grading way when being unloaded, the unloading is sequentially 40%, 60% and 80%, and under the condition that no abnormity exists in each part, the unloading can be continuously carried out to 100%, so that the traction tooling cable is not stressed any more.
5) And connecting the lower radial cable with the inner compression ring in preparation for tensioning the lower radial cable.
1.2.4 installation of tooling cable
And determining the length of the required tool cable according to the structural configuration of the cable-rod system in an assembled state through construction mechanics analysis.
1.2.5 Cable clip installation
After the inhaul cable is unfolded, the cable clamp is installed at the position marked by a manufacturer in advance. The cable clamp is divided into an upper clamp plate and a lower clamp plate, after the upper clamp plate and the lower clamp plate clamp the cable, the bolt penetrates through the bolt hole to be initially screwed, the initial screwing is performed according to the diagonal intersection sequence, and the initial screwing torque is 30-50% of the final screwing torque. After the bolts are installed and initially screwed, the bolts are screwed by final screwing torque in the same sequence as the initial screwing sequence. And (4) screwing the high-strength bolt by adopting an electric wrench.
1.2.6 Cable truss mast installation
The project mast is divided into a looped cable mast and a radial cable mast, and the looped cable mast is arranged in 52 pieces along the looped cable in the annular direction. The radial cable mast is divided into 6 grids along the radial direction, and the sizes of the grids are 4m, 9m and 5m from the pull ring to the compression ring in sequence.
1.3 tensioning of cable-strut systems
1.3.1 general principle of tensioning
(1) The lower radial cable is synchronously tensioned, namely the lower radial cable is only actively tensioned, and the upper radial cable and the ring cable are both passively tensioned.
(2) And (5) performing hierarchical synchronous tensioning.
(3) And (4) simulating a tensioning process, carrying out mechanical analysis on the whole construction process, and controlling in advance.
(4) The stay cable tension control adopts a double-control principle: the tension force and the configuration are controlled, so that the cable force of a tension point is mainly controlled.
1.3.2 preparation before tensioning
(1) According to the steel structure installation scheme and the inhaul cable construction scheme, the construction process is subjected to fine analysis, the structural state and the structural characteristics of the construction process are mastered, parameters (such as inhaul cable construction tension) are provided for inhaul cable construction, theoretical reference values are provided for construction monitoring, and construction safety is guaranteed.
(2) And (3) completely installing the cable-rod system before tensioning the inhaul cable, checking the connection between the components and the support in place, and considering whether the structural state is consistent with the calculation model during tensioning so as to avoid causing safety accidents.
(3) The space coordinate precision of the node directly connected with the inhaul cable needs to be strictly controlled. The direction of the lug plate connected with the cable on the node is also strictly controlled so as to avoid influencing the construction and structural stress of the cable.
(4) And separating the non-structural member which hinders the tensile deformation of the structure from the structure.
(5) Before the stay cable is installed, a proper amount of grease is coated on the stay cable stretching and adjusting device for lubrication so as to facilitate twisting.
(6) Before the guy cable is tensioned, a safe and reliable operation platform, a hanging basket and the like are erected in advance for facilitating tensioning operation of workers.
(7) Enough hands are ensured when the guy cable is stretched, and the personnel carry out technical training and bottom crossing before going on duty formally. Before the equipment is formally used, the equipment needs to be checked, checked and debugged, so that the use process is guaranteed to be all the while.
(8) The stay cable tensioning equipment needs to be calibrated in a matching way.
(9) The jack and the oil pressure gauge are matched and calibrated once every half year and are matched for use.
(10) And calculating a corresponding oil pressure gauge value according to the calibration record and the construction tension.
(11) Before tensioning the cable, whether a temporary channel and a safety maintenance facility are in place or not is strictly checked to ensure the operation safety;
(12) the site is cleaned before the cable is tensioned, and irrelevant personnel are prohibited from entering the site, so that the safety of the personnel in the cable tensioning process is ensured;
(13) after all preparation works are finished and systematic and comprehensive inspection is correct, the prestressed cable tensioning operation can be formally carried out after field installation general command inspection and command issuing.
1.3.3 stay cable tensioning method
(1) Procedure for synchronous hierarchical tensioning
1) In order to control the overall shape of the structure and ensure synchronous tensioning uniformity, the lower radial cables are tensioned synchronously and hierarchically.
2) Finally, overstretching to 105 percent to make up the tension anchoring prestress loss and the long-term creep prestress loss.
3) Synchronous tensioning is subdivided into 5 stages: the initial tight state- >25% - >50% - >75% - >90% - > 105%. The first 4 stages are controlled by the tension stroke, and the last stage is controlled by the cable force.
(2) Active tensioning points: the lower radial cable is connected with the cable head of the inner compression ring.
(3) Stay cable tension control item and target thereof
1) The stay cable tension control adopts a double-control principle: controlling the tension and the configuration, wherein the cable force is the main force.
2) And controlling the cable force, namely controlling the tensile force of the lower radial cable.
3) And (5) controlling the position, namely controlling the elevation of the looped cable node.
4) The support condition during tensioning: the support conditions of the peripheral rigid frame are consistent with the design requirements.
5) And (3) tension process analysis: simulating a tensioning process, carrying out mechanical analysis on the whole construction process, and pre-controlling; the position and the internal force of the cable rod in the tensioning process are detailed in construction analysis.
1.3.4 stretch-draw construction points and cautions
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the tension construction of the stay cable and the construction quality of the stay cable, the following measures are required:
(1) in order to ensure uniform cable force and avoid the influence of sequential tensioning of the guys of each roof truss, the radial cables under each roof truss are synchronously tensioned.
(2) In order to ensure the synchronous tensioning of the guys of each roof truss, synchronous tensioning is carried out in a grading way.
(3) Since the effective prestress is established in the whole structure mainly by tensioning one part (lower radial cable) in the cable-rod system, the final prestress state is closely related to the zero state (installation state) of the structure. In order to ensure the mounting precision of the inhaul cable, firstly, the mounting precision of the support is strictly controlled.
(4) In the tensioning process of the jack, the oil pressure is slow and stable, and the adjusting device is rotated while the jack is tensioned.
(5) The jack and the oil pressure gauge need to be matched for verification. The validity period of the calibration data is within 6 months. And calculating the reading of the oil pressure gauge consistent with the tension of the ring cable strictly according to the calibration record, and controlling the actual tension of the jack according to the reading.
(6) In the tensioning process, each tensioning point is watched by one to two workers, each oil pump is taken charge of by one worker, and the workers uniformly command and coordinate and manage the oil pumps.
(7) And stopping the construction of other projects on the tensioning structure in the tensioning process of the stay cable.
(8) If abnormity is found in the process of stretching the inhaul cable, the inhaul cable should be immediately suspended, reasons are found out, and real-time adjustment is carried out.
1.3.5 use of tensioning devices
(1) The equipment and meters used for applying the prestress are used and managed by a specially-assigned person, and are regularly maintained and checked. After entering the field, the jack and the pressure gauge are calibrated in a matched manner, and a relation curve between the pressure gauge and the tension force is determined. Calibration is performed periodically at a legal metering technology agency authorized by the governing body. The tensioning equipment is matched with the anchorage for use, a proper jack and an oil pump are selected according to the type of the cable, and after entering the field and ensuring normal test operation, the tensioning equipment can be adjusted to the working table. And comprehensively verifying tensioning equipment which is not used for a long time before use.
(2) The construction site machines and tools need to be completely matched, the jack and the oil pressure gauge need to be matched and calibrated by a national relevant quality inspection department, and the validity period of calibration data is within 6 months. When in use, the jack needs to be matched with a correspondingly calibrated oil pressure gauge for use, and the use cannot be confused. And calculating the reading of the oil pressure gauge consistent with the tension of the stay cable strictly according to the calibration record, and controlling the actual tension of the jack according to the reading.
(3) The tensioning machines are installed in sequence, so that the tensioning action line of the jack is coincident with the axis of the cable, and the stress is reasonable.
(4) The jack and the oil pump are well connected through the oil pipe, the oil meter which is correspondingly matched and calibrated with the jack is installed, the power supply of the oil pump is well connected, the start-up and the shutdown of the oil pump are tested, the normal use of the machine is ensured, and whether the hydraulic oil of the oil pump is enough or not is noticed.
(5) In the tensioning process of the jack, the oil pressure is slow and stable. For the inhaul cable with the adjusting device, the adjusting device should be rotated while being tensioned.
(6) In the tensioning process, each tensioning point is watched by one to two workers, each oil pump is taken charge of by one worker, and the workers uniformly command and coordinate and manage the oil pumps.
(7) And stopping the construction of other projects on the tensioning structure in the tensioning process of the stay cable.
(8) If abnormity is found in the process of stretching the inhaul cable, the inhaul cable should be immediately suspended, reasons are found out, and real-time adjustment is carried out.
1.3.6 tension adjustment measures
When the cable force or the structure shape has larger deviation from the theoretical value after tensioning, the following measures are adopted for adjustment:
(1) reviewing analytical models and analytical data
And in a reasonable range, adjusting calculation parameters, analyzing and comparing, and determining the variable range of the theoretical value. If the construction deviation is in the variable range of the theoretical value, the construction deviation is still in the range of the normal theoretical value, and the construction is normal.
(2) If the cable force of the active tensioning cable is reached, and the cable force deviation of the passive tensioning cable is larger, the first measures are taken as follows: and in the reasonable cable force range of the active cable, the cable force of the active cable is adjusted to enable the cable force of the passive cable to meet the requirement. If the requirements are still not met, the individual cables can be directly prestressed in a targeted manner. The adjustment principle is as follows: controlling the cable force.
(3) If the active tension cable has enough cable force, the structural shape deviation is larger
The shape of the post-tensioning cable-rod system is determined by the installation lengths of the passive cable and the mast and the tensioning force of the active cable. If the cable force of the active tension cable is enough and the structural shape deviation is large, the problem of the installation length of the passive cable or the mast is solved. The measures are as follows: and measuring local node coordinates with large shape deviation by using a monitoring instrument (such as a total station), calculating the length of a corresponding cable section or inhaul cable, and comparing the length with a theoretical value to determine the installation deviation of the cable length. And (4) directly tensioning and adjusting the stay cable with large installation deviation of the cable length to a reasonable value.
Finally, the finished product inhaul cable is packaged and protected before leaving the factory by adopting a plurality of protection measures in the production and manufacturing process. However, after the cable drum is transported to the construction site, the protection of the cable must be taken care of during the whole installation process of the steel roof.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a large-span cable truss structure, locates in the full tension structure system, its characterized in that: comprises an inner double-layer ring cable, a peripheral ring pressing beam (1) and a series of radial cable trusses radially arranged between the inner double-layer ring cable and the peripheral ring pressing beam;
the double-layer ring cable comprises an upper ring cable (2) and a lower ring cable (3), upper ring cable clamps (4) are arranged on the upper ring cable (2) at intervals, lower ring cable clamps (5) are arranged on the lower ring cable (3) at intervals, and the upper ring cable clamps (4) vertically correspond to the lower ring cable clamps (5);
the compression ring beam (1) is an annular steel structure beam, and a steel structure mast is arranged at the bottom of the compression ring beam;
the radial cable truss is a triangular truss and comprises an upper radial cable (6), a lower radial cable (7) and a mast (8);
the inner side end of the upper radial cable (6) is connected with the upper ring cable (2) through an upper ring cable clamp (4), and the outer side end of the upper radial cable is anchored with the ring pressing beam (1); the inner side end of the lower warp cable (7) is connected with the lower ring cable (3) through a lower ring cable clamp (5), and the outer side end of the lower warp cable is anchored with the ring pressing beam (1);
the masts (8) are vertically arranged between the upper radial cables (6) and the lower radial cables (7) at intervals, and the top ends and the bottom ends of the masts are respectively connected with the upper radial cables (6) and the lower radial cables (7) through radial cable clamps (9); wherein, the innermost mast (8) is arranged between the upper ring cable (2) and the lower ring cable (3), and a crossed carbon fiber cable (11) is arranged between two adjacent masts (8).
2. The large-span cable truss structure of claim 1, wherein: the upper ring cable clamp (4) and the lower ring cable clamp (5) are identical in structure and comprise a main body block (101), a ring cable groove (102), a ring cable cover plate (103), an adjusting bolt (104) and a radial connecting lug plate (105); the main body block (101) is a rectangular block, a plurality of cable encircling grooves (102) are symmetrically formed in the upper plate surface and the lower plate surface of the main body block (101), and single cables of the upper cable encircling (2) or the lower cable encircling (3) are arranged in the cable encircling grooves (102); the annular cable cover plate (103) is covered on the annular cable groove (102); the adjusting bolts (104) are vertically arranged on two sides of the annular cable groove (102), penetrate through the annular cable cover plate (103) and then are fixedly connected with plate bodies on two sides of the annular cable groove, and the friction force between the annular cable cover plate (103) and the upper annular cable (2) or the lower annular cable (3) is adjusted through rotation of the adjusting bolts (104); the radial connecting lug plate (105) is vertically arranged on one side of the main body block close to the radial cable truss, and a pin hole is formed in the radial connecting lug plate and is connected with a cable head pin shaft of the upper radial cable (6) or the lower radial cable (7).
3. A large span cable truss structure as defined in claim 2 wherein: the waist of the main body block (101) is provided with a weight reducing structure which comprises a weight reducing groove arranged on one side surface of the main body block (101) far away from the radial cable and a weight reducing cavity close to one side of the radial cable truss; the weight reduction grooves and the weight reduction cavities are symmetrically arranged in pairs, and the waist of the plate body is divided into cross-shaped webs.
4. A large span cable truss structure as defined in claim 2 wherein: the upper ring cable (2) and the lower ring cable (3) are respectively composed of eight single cables, correspondingly, the number of the ring cable grooves (102) of the upper ring cable clamp (4) and the lower ring cable clamp (5) is four, the upper plate surface and the lower plate surface are respectively provided with two pairs, and the eight single cables are respectively embedded in the eight ring cable grooves (102).
5. The large-span cable truss structure of claim 1, wherein: and connecting lug plates used for being connected with the mast are respectively arranged on the bottom surface of the upper ring cable clamp (4) and the top surface of the lower ring cable clamp (5).
6. The large-span cable truss structure of claim 1, wherein: the radial cable clamp (9) comprises a main body plate (201), a radial cable groove (202), a radial cover plate (203), a force control bolt (204) and an ear plate (205), wherein the main body plate (201) is a rectangular plate, the radial cable groove (202) is formed in the top surface of the rectangular plate, the upper radial cable (6) and the lower radial cable (7) are embedded in the radial cable groove (202), and the radial cover plate (203) covers the radial cable groove (202); the force control bolts (204) are vertically arranged on two sides of the radial cable groove (202), penetrate through the radial cover plate (203) and are fixedly connected with plate bodies on two sides of the annular cable groove, and the friction force between the radial cover plate (203) and the upper radial cable (6) or the lower radial cable (7) is adjusted through rotation of the force control bolts (204); the lug plate (205) is arranged on the bottom surface of the main body plate (201), and a pin hole is formed in the lug plate and used for being connected with the mast (8).
7. The large-span cable truss structure of claim 1, wherein: the pressing ring beam (1) is provided with double lug plates, and the double lug plates are respectively provided with a preformed hole for connecting with cable heads of the upper radial cable (6) and the lower radial cable (7).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114941433A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-26 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Construction method of heavy-weight ship-shaped daylighting roof steel structure |
| CN115853125A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-03-28 | 山西建筑工程集团有限公司 | Circular conical dome steel structure with upper opening and mounting method thereof |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114941433A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-26 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Construction method of heavy-weight ship-shaped daylighting roof steel structure |
| CN115853125A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-03-28 | 山西建筑工程集团有限公司 | Circular conical dome steel structure with upper opening and mounting method thereof |
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