CN213398913U - Moving target detection device based on ultrasonic waves - Google Patents
Moving target detection device based on ultrasonic waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN213398913U CN213398913U CN202020462823.7U CN202020462823U CN213398913U CN 213398913 U CN213398913 U CN 213398913U CN 202020462823 U CN202020462823 U CN 202020462823U CN 213398913 U CN213398913 U CN 213398913U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an ultrasonic detection field, concretely relates to remove target detection device based on ultrasonic wave, remove target detection device includes emission module, receiving module, detection module, frequency-selective module and control module, wherein, emission module is used for launching ultrasonic signal, receiving module receives the ultrasonic signal that the moving target reflected back, detection module's first end is connected receiving module, frequency-selective module is connected to detection module's second end, frequency-selective module basis the speed output specific frequency signal of moving target, frequency-selective module's output connection control module, control module basis frequency-selective module output signal control relay work. The utility model discloses can be applied to and detect a certain specific moving target, export specific frequency signal when detecting specific moving target to control relay work, the utility model discloses a detection accuracy is higher, and application scope is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an ultrasonic detection field, concretely relates to moving target detection device based on ultrasonic wave.
Background
Currently, there are many mature detection methods for the detection of moving objects, such as:
1. detecting a target by adopting an active infrared signal and receiving a reflected infrared signal when the target appears;
2. a passive infrared signal (such as a human body heat release infrared signal) is adopted, and when a target appears, the target is detected by receiving the human body heat release infrared signal;
however, these detection methods have problems: the method 1 has poor selectivity for moving targets, reflected signals exist as long as the targets appear, and the moving speed of the targets cannot be judged by a method, namely all moving objects in a space can be identified, so that the requirement for identifying specific moving targets cannot be met; the method 2 has certain requirements on infrared wavelength, has no way of judging the movement of an object and no way of judging the human body wearing the protective clothing.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses a solve the problem that prior art can't satisfy the specific moving target of discernment, provide a moving target detection device based on ultrasonic wave, the range of application is wider.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:
an ultrasonic-based moving object detecting apparatus comprising:
a transmitting module for transmitting an ultrasonic signal;
the receiving module receives ultrasonic signals reflected by the moving target;
the first end of the wave detection module is connected with the receiving module, and the second end of the wave detection module is connected with the frequency selection module;
the frequency selection module outputs a specific frequency signal according to the speed of the moving target, and the output end of the frequency selection module is connected with the control module;
and the control module controls the relay to work according to the output signal of the frequency selection module.
In particular, the transmission module comprises a multivibrator and an ultrasound transmission probe SP2, the ultrasound transmission probe SP2 being connected to the multivibrator.
Specifically, the receiving module comprises an ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 and a band-pass amplifier, and the ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 is connected with the band-pass amplifier.
Specifically, the detection module comprises an analog electronic switch and a logic not gate N2-4, a first end of the analog electronic switch is connected with the receiving module, a second end of the analog electronic switch is connected with the frequency selection module, and a third end of the analog electronic switch is connected with the transmitting module through the logic not gate N2-4.
Preferably, the frequency selection module includes at least one frequency selection amplifying circuit, an input end of the frequency selection amplifying circuit is connected to the detection module, and an output end of the frequency selection amplifying circuit outputs a specific frequency signal.
Furthermore, the detection device further comprises a delay module, wherein the input end of the delay module is connected with the output end of the frequency selection module, and the output end of the delay module is connected with the control module.
Specifically, the delay module includes a first comparison circuit, a first voltage divider circuit, and an RC charging and discharging circuit, where an inverting input terminal of the first comparison circuit is connected to an output terminal of the frequency selection module, a non-inverting input terminal of the first comparison circuit is connected to the first voltage divider circuit, an output terminal of the first comparison circuit is connected to the RC charging and discharging circuit, and the RC charging and discharging circuit is connected to the control module.
Specifically, the control module includes a second comparison circuit, a second voltage division circuit and a driving circuit, an inverting input terminal of the second comparison circuit is connected to the frequency selection module, a non-inverting input terminal of the second comparison circuit is connected to the second voltage division circuit, an output terminal of the second comparison circuit is connected to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit drives the relay to operate.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
the utility model discloses a detect the ultrasonic signal that the moving target reflected back, then set for the frequency selection module according to the velocity of motion of moving target and export specific frequency signal, when the moving target that awaits measuring appears, the frequency selection module has signal output, then control module control relay work; when the moving target who treats the detection does not appear, the frequency selection module does not have signal output, then control module control relay stop work, the utility model provides an adopt initiative infrared signal to detect the problem that can't carry out discernment to a certain specific moving target, solved simultaneously and adopted passive infrared signal to detect the problem that can't carry out the detection to the human body of wearing protective clothing, the utility model provides an application scope is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a moving object detection apparatus based on ultrasonic waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an ultrasonic-based moving object detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a transmitting module according to an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged view of a point a in fig. 2);
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged diagram at B in fig. 2);
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a detection module according to an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged view of C in fig. 2);
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a frequency selection module according to an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged diagram at D in fig. 2);
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a delay module according to an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged view of a point E in fig. 2);
fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a control module according to an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged view of F in fig. 2);
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of the inverting input terminal and the output voltage of the second comparison circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a moving target detection device based on ultrasonic wave that the embodiment of the utility model provides, this moving target detection device includes emission module, receiving module, detection module, frequency-selecting module and control module, wherein, emission module is used for transmitting ultrasonic signal, receiving module receives the ultrasonic signal that the moving target reflected back, receiving module is connected to detection module's first end, frequency-selecting module is connected to detection module's second end, frequency-selecting module exports specific frequency signal according to the speed of moving target, frequency-selecting module's output connection control module, control module controls relay work according to frequency-selecting module output signal.
It should be noted that, after a signal with a certain frequency acts on a moving object, a frequency shift is generated between the reflected signal and the source signal, and this frequency shift is proportional to the moving target speed, i.e. the doppler effect, and when the moving target moves towards the source signal, the frequency shift increases, and when the moving target moves away from the source signal, the frequency shift decreases.
Further, the average frequency shift range of the doppler frequency shift caused by the moving target is:
wherein f isrIs the ultrasonic reflection frequency, fsIs the ultrasonic source signal frequency, VmIs the propagation velocity of ultrasonic wave, VoIs the object moving speed.
Specifically, as can be seen from the equation (1), when the moving object moves in the direction of the source signal, the ultrasonic reflection frequency is
Frequency shift increase
When the moving target moves away from the direction of the source signal, the reflection frequency of the ultrasonic wave is
Frequency shift reduction
Assuming a moving target speed of 4.2m/s (e.g. a moving car), the frequency is shifted
Wherein f issThe frequency of the ultrasonic source signal is 20KHz, VmIs the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave 314m/s, VoIs made under the assumption thatThe object moving speed was 4.2 m/s.
The utility model provides a moving target detection device based on ultrasonic wave can detect out the frequency shift signal and come to control relay switch to realize automatic control, this frequency shift signal represents the speed of moving target, the utility model discloses only detect the translation rate and be VoI.e. the utility model discloses only detect a certain specific moving target.
As a specific embodiment of the transmitting module provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the transmitting module includes a multivibrator and an ultrasonic transmitting probe SP2, and the ultrasonic transmitting probe SP2 is connected to the multivibrator.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the multivibrator includes three logic not gates, a resistor R23, a resistor R24, an adjustable resistor RP4 and a capacitor C12, the three logic not gates are respectively a logic not gate N2-1, a logic not gate N2-2 and a logic not gate N2-2, a first end of the logic not gate N2-1 is connected to a second end of the logic not gate N2-2 through a resistor R23 and a capacitor C12, a second end of the logic not gate N2-1 is connected to a first end of the logic not gate N2-2, a first end of the logic not gate N2-2 is connected to a second end of the logic not gate N2-2 through a resistor R24, an adjustable resistor RP4 and a capacitor C12, a second end of the logic not gate N2-2 is connected to a first end of the logic not gate N2-3, and a second end of the logic not gate N2-3 is connected to the ultrasonic transmission probe SP 2.
Specifically, the frequency of the ultrasonic signal emitted by the emitting module provided by this embodiment is 20KHz, and the oscillation frequency can be adjusted by RP4, so that ultrasonic signals of other frequencies can be emitted, which is not limited to this.
Specifically, the three not gates are of the type CD4069 or CD4011, and the ultrasonic transmission probe SP2 is of the type R25-16 CN.
As a specific embodiment of the receiving module provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4, the receiving module includes an ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 and a band pass amplifier, the ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 is connected to the band pass amplifier, the ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 receives an ultrasonic signal reflected from a moving object, and in an effective detection range, if a static object and the moving object exist, two reflected signals exist and are received by the ultrasonic receiving probe SP1, and since the two signals are superimposed to be a frequency modulation and amplitude modulation signal, the signal needs to be amplified by the band pass amplifier and sent to a wave detection circuit, and a low frequency signal is taken out.
Specifically, the model number adopted by the ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 of the present embodiment is T25-16 CW.
As a specific embodiment of the wave detection module provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 5, the wave detection module includes an analog electronic switch and a logic not gate N2-4, a first end of the analog electronic switch is connected to the receiving module, a second end of the analog electronic switch is connected to the frequency selection module, and a third end of the analog electronic switch is connected to the transmitting module through the logic not gate N2-4.
Specifically, the model of the analog electronic switch provided in this embodiment is CD 4016.
It should be noted that the fm and am signals must be detected to obtain low frequency signals, a semiconductor diode is usually used as a detection circuit, but the receiving module receives amplified small ultrasonic modulation wave signals containing moving doppler beat signals, and the diode has a conducting voltage, so that the signals are greatly lost when passing through the diode, and the small signals need to be amplified by a multi-stage preamplifier to ensure detection, thereby resulting in a more complex overall circuit structure.
In order to solve the problem that the whole circuit structure is more complicated due to the fact that a semiconductor diode is used as a detection circuit, the detection module provided by the embodiment adopts an analog electronic switch, a control signal of the analog electronic switch is modulated by an ultrasonic emission signal, and an ultrasonic modulation wave of a moving Doppler beat signal is detected by the analog electronic switch which is synchronously controlled.
As a specific embodiment of the frequency selection module provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 6, the frequency selection module includes at least one frequency selection amplification circuit, an input end of the frequency selection amplification circuit is connected to the detection module, and an output end of the frequency selection amplification circuit outputs a specific frequency signal.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the frequency selection module provided in this embodiment includes three frequency selection amplification circuits, the three frequency selection amplification circuits are sequentially connected in series, the frequency selection module provided in this embodiment only allows signals within a certain passband to pass through, and signals lower than the lower limit frequency and higher than the upper limit frequency of the passband are attenuated or suppressed, that is, the frequency selection module provided in this embodiment uses the three frequency selection amplification circuits to process the detection signal, amplify the moving target signal, and attenuate or suppress other signals.
As an example of the present embodiment, assuming that the object moving speed is 4.2m/s, the present embodiment provides parameter selection of each element in three frequency-selective amplification circuits as shown in FIG. 6, specifically, the present embodiment provides center frequencies f of the three frequency-selective amplification circuits0The bandwidth Δ f and the gain a are shown in the following table:
table-frequency selective module parameter summary table
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the frequency selection module provided in this embodiment may adjust the center frequency f through the adjustable resistor RP20Corresponding to the selection of the speed range of the moving object participating in the control, the signal frequency taken out by the detection module is a low-frequency signal generally 15-200HZ, the detected signal is filtered and amplified by the frequency selection module, and the center frequency f0The theoretical value of voltage amplification factor a is 5 × 28 × 28 — 3920 (about 72 dB). According to the embodiment, the frequency selection module consisting of the three frequency selection amplifying circuits can improve the accurate judgment of the system on the moving target signal, and improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the received signal.
Further, the detection apparatus further includes a delay module, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 7, an input end of the delay module is connected to an output end of the frequency selecting module, and an output end of the delay module is connected to the control module.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the delay module includes a first comparison circuit, a first voltage divider circuit, and an RC charging and discharging circuit, wherein an inverting input terminal of the first comparison circuit is connected to an output terminal of the frequency selecting module, a non-inverting input terminal of the first comparison circuit is connected to the first voltage divider circuit, an output terminal of the first comparison circuit is connected to the RC charging and discharging circuit, and the RC charging and discharging circuit is connected to the control module.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the comparison voltage of the first comparison circuit can be obtained by adjusting the adjustable resistor RP3, so as to control the turning sensitivity of the first comparison circuit, and improve the reliability of the system; the RC charge-discharge circuit that this embodiment provided includes resistance R18, triode V2 and electric capacity C11, the power is connected to the one end of resistance R18, triode V2's projecting pole is connected to resistance R18's the other end, electric capacity C11's positive pole is still connected to triode V2's projecting pole, electric capacity C11's negative pole ground connection, control module is connected to triode V2's projecting pole simultaneously, the output of first comparison circuit is connected to triode V2's base, triode V2's collecting electrode ground connection.
It should be noted that, when a moving target exists, the first comparison circuit outputs a low potential to turn on the diode V1, the transistor V2 is also turned on at this time, the capacitor C11 discharges rapidly through the transistor V2, so that the voltage of the capacitor C11 is zero, and since there is no resistor in the discharge loop, the discharge speed is very fast;
when the moving object disappears, the first comparison circuit outputs high potential to cut off the diode V1, the triode V2 is not conducted, the capacitor C11 is charged through the resistor R18, the charging time constant tau is R18 × C11, the voltage at two ends of the capacitor C11 is increased, the charging speed depends on the time constant tau due to the resistor R18 in the charging loop, namely the charging time is determined by the parameters of the resistor R18 and the capacitor C11, the voltage at two ends of the capacitor C11 is increased, and the voltage at two ends of the capacitor C11 is increased
As a specific embodiment of the control module provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 8, the control module includes a second comparison circuit, a second voltage-dividing circuit and a driving circuit, an inverting input terminal of the second comparison circuit is connected to the frequency-selecting module through the delay module, a non-inverting input terminal of the second comparison circuit is connected to the second voltage-dividing circuit, an output terminal of the second comparison circuit is connected to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit drives the relay to operate.
As an example of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, when there is a moving target, the voltage of the capacitor C11 is zero, so that the voltage of the inverting input terminal of the second comparing circuit is zero, and at this time, the voltage of the output terminal of the second comparing circuit is at a high level, the transistor V3 is turned on, so that the relay contact is closed, and the actuator is driven to operate;
when the moving target disappears, the voltage of the capacitor C11 is charged, when the charging voltage reaches the threshold voltage of the second comparison circuit, the second comparison circuit outputs a low level, the triode V3 is cut off, the contact of the relay is disconnected, the execution mechanism stops working, namely, after the moving target disappears, the relay is still closed, and after a certain delay t, the relay is disconnected.
Specifically, the delay t is determined by the charging time of the capacitor C11, when a moving target is in a closed state, the relay is switched off after the moving target disappears in a delay t second state, the embodiment can be applied to occasions such as an automatic induction lamp, an induction alarm, an automatic induction door, a toilet induction flusher and the like, can also be applied to automatic delivery of goods of a moving trolley (an automatic medicine delivery trolley for an isolation ward), can automatically control the moving door according to the moving speed of the trolley, and is not influenced by other moving targets.
To sum up, the moving target detection device based on ultrasonic wave that this embodiment provided can overcome traditional heat and release infrared detection circuit, initiative infrared detection circuit not enough, makes the utility model discloses can use more scenes.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware that is related to instructions of a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above embodiments are only intended to describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ultrasonic-based moving object detection apparatus, comprising:
a transmitting module for transmitting an ultrasonic signal;
the receiving module receives ultrasonic signals reflected by the moving target;
the first end of the wave detection module is connected with the receiving module, and the second end of the wave detection module is connected with the frequency selection module;
the frequency selection module outputs a signal according to the speed of the moving target, and the output end of the frequency selection module is connected with the control module;
and the control module controls the relay to work according to the output signal of the frequency selection module.
2. The ultrasonic-based moving object detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting module comprises a multivibrator and an ultrasonic transmitting probe SP2, the ultrasonic transmitting probe SP2 being connected to the multivibrator.
3. The ultrasonic-based moving-object detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the receiving module comprises an ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 and a band pass amplifier, the ultrasonic receiving probe SP1 is connected to the band pass amplifier.
4. The ultrasonic-based moving object detecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detecting module comprises an analog electronic switch and a logical not gate N2-4, a first terminal of the analog electronic switch is connected to the receiving module, a second terminal of the analog electronic switch is connected to the frequency selecting module, and a third terminal of the analog electronic switch is connected to the transmitting module via the logical not gate N2-4.
5. The ultrasonic-based moving object detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the frequency selecting module comprises at least one frequency selecting amplifying circuit, an input end of the frequency selecting amplifying circuit is connected to the detecting module, and an output end of the frequency selecting amplifying circuit outputs a signal.
6. The ultrasonic-based moving object detecting device according to claim 1, further comprising a delay module, wherein an input terminal of the delay module is connected to an output terminal of the frequency selecting module, and an output terminal of the delay module is connected to the control module.
7. The ultrasonic-based moving object detecting device according to claim 6, wherein the delay module comprises a first comparing circuit, a first voltage dividing circuit and an RC charge-discharge circuit, an inverting input terminal of the first comparing circuit is connected to the output terminal of the frequency selecting module, a non-inverting input terminal of the first comparing circuit is connected to the first voltage dividing circuit, an output terminal of the first comparing circuit is connected to the RC charge-discharge circuit, and the RC charge-discharge circuit is connected to the control module.
8. The ultrasonic-based moving object detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the control module comprises a second comparing circuit, a second voltage dividing circuit and a driving circuit, an inverting input terminal of the second comparing circuit is connected to the frequency selecting module, a non-inverting input terminal of the second comparing circuit is connected to the second voltage dividing circuit, an output terminal of the second comparing circuit is connected to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit drives the relay to operate.
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| CN202020462823.7U CN213398913U (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2020-04-01 | Moving target detection device based on ultrasonic waves |
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| CN202020462823.7U CN213398913U (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2020-04-01 | Moving target detection device based on ultrasonic waves |
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