CN213360970U - Gear box for fixed-shaft wheel type mechanical pivot steering - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a gear box for fixed-axle wheel type mechanical pivot steering, which comprises a speed change mechanism, a central transmission structure, a speed reduction mechanism, a first half axle gear, a second half axle gear and a control mechanism which are fixedly arranged in the gear box and are connected in sequence, wherein the first half axle gear and the second half axle gear are arranged at two sides of the gear box; the control mechanism comprises a control shaft, a diaphragm clutch arranged on the control shaft, a first control gear and a second control gear, and the diaphragm clutch is used for controlling whether the second control gear and the first control gear rotate synchronously or not so as to change the rotation direction of the second half axle gear; the utility model discloses a static friction on one side track and ground when this gearbox structure can avoid machinery to turn to reduce the wearing and tearing of track, prolong its life.

Description

Gear box for fixed-shaft wheel type mechanical pivot steering

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the gearbox field, especially the gearbox field is used to the wheeled machinery of dead axle.

Background

With the development of the times and the change of scientific technology, farmers also change the operation from the original mode of relying on manpower and animal power to the mode of agricultural mechanization and intellectualization; the agricultural vehicles on the market are various, most of the agricultural vehicles are designed and researched according to the field operation environment, and the main body part of the agricultural vehicle can be arranged on wheels or a crawler belt according to different operation environments; the running gear is a main functional component of the agricultural vehicle, which influences the trafficability and the quality of operation of the machine. The crawler agricultural vehicles all adopt rubber crawler type traveling mechanisms, the core of the crawler agricultural vehicles is a traveling gearbox, and the steering performance is one of main signs for judging the quality of the traveling gearbox; in the form of a steering mechanism of a gearbox of a prior crawler agricultural vehicle, one scheme adopts a hydraulic transmission mode, namely two pumps and two hydraulic motors are adopted for transmission, the two crawlers are respectively connected with one hydraulic motor and provide power by using a hydraulic pump, so that double-flow transmission is formed, the rotating direction of the motors is controlled by a hydraulic valve, and the advancing and in-situ steering of the vehicle are realized; the transmission mode has high cost and is difficult to maintain and repair the hydraulic components; the other scheme adopts a brake steering mechanism, and the steering mechanism consists of a jaw clutch, a friction brake and an operating device, wherein the friction brake is fixedly connected with a box body of the gearbox, and steering is realized in a mode of cutting off the power of the jaw clutch on one side and braking the friction brake; when the machine moves straight, the jaw clutch is combined, and the friction brake is separated; when the crawler agricultural vehicle is turned, the shifting fork is operated to enable the jaw clutch at the turning side to cut off power, the brake friction device at the side is combined, the crawler at the side is braked and stopped, and thus one of the two crawlers of the crawler agricultural vehicle moves and stops, so that braking and turning are realized; the tracked vehicle adopting the gearbox has no problem when traveling in a straight line, but has large steering radius when steering, and low working efficiency when operating in fields of small plots; one side of the crawler belt is braked to be hard friction with the ground, so that the field foundation is easy to be damaged; all power of the transmission gear is on one side when the transmission gear turns, so that the torque is large, the caterpillar track and the ground are easy to slip, the field foundation is easy to be damaged, the strength must be enhanced, namely the modulus or the tooth width of the gear needs to be increased to ensure the normal work of the gear, and the structure is enlarged; the resistance is big when the vehicle turns to, and power consumption is big, reduces the life of gearbox.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a method for implementing the above object, comprising:

a gear box for fixed-axle wheel type mechanical in-situ steering comprises a speed change mechanism, a central transmission mechanism, a speed reduction mechanism, a first half-axle gear, a second half-axle gear and a control mechanism, wherein the speed change mechanism, the central transmission mechanism, the speed reduction mechanism, the first half-axle gear and the second half-axle gear are fixedly arranged in the gear box and are sequentially connected; the control mechanism comprises a control shaft, a diaphragm clutch arranged on the control shaft, a first control gear and a second control gear, wherein the first control gear and the second control gear are respectively arranged on two sides of the diaphragm clutch; and a steering gear is connected between the second control gear and the second half shaft gear, the first control gear is meshed with the first half shaft gear, and the second control gear is meshed with the steering gear.

As the utility model discloses a further optimization scheme, speed change mechanism includes the variable speed axle and the transmission shaft of adjacent setting, the epaxial a plurality of change gear that is equipped with of variable speed, coaxial first drive gear, the second drive gear of being equipped with on the transmission shaft, change gear and first drive gear intermeshing, second drive gear and central gear intermeshing.

As a further optimization scheme of the utility model, the reduction mechanism comprises a first reduction shaft and a second reduction shaft which are adjacently arranged, a first duplicate gear is symmetrically and movably arranged on the first reduction shaft, a second duplicate gear is symmetrically and movably arranged on the second reduction shaft, and the first duplicate gear and the second duplicate gear both comprise a large tooth and a small tooth which are integrally connected; the big teeth of the first duplicate gear are meshed with the first clutch gear, the small teeth of the first duplicate gear are meshed with the big teeth of the second duplicate gear, and the small teeth of the second duplicate gear are meshed with the first axle gear.

As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the diaphragm clutch includes a first diaphragm and a second diaphragm which are arranged in the housing at intervals, wherein a plurality of first protrusions are arranged on an inner side wall of the first diaphragm, a plurality of second protrusions are arranged on an outer side surface of the second diaphragm, a plurality of grooves are arranged on the control shaft, and the first protrusions are embedded in the grooves; the shell is evenly distributed with caulking grooves, and the second bulges are embedded in the caulking grooves.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

1) the utility model can realize the pivot steering, improve the mechanical maneuverability, reduce the idle stroke and energy consumption of the machine, and has reliable work and small energy consumption;

2) the utility model has compact structure, can be applied to smaller mechanical equipment, can realize the effects of advancing and in-situ steering by using less gear structures, is particularly suitable for small agricultural machinery, and is beneficial to the farming of the agricultural machinery on the land;

3) the utility model discloses a static friction on one side track and ground when this gearbox structure can avoid machinery to turn to reduce the wearing and tearing of track, prolong its life.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic top view of fig. 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the central transmission mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 4 according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the speed reducing mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the control mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 7 according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is an assembly view of the control mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a second control gear of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a first diaphragm according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a second diaphragm according to the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a speed change mechanism; 11. a speed change shaft; 111. a speed change gear; 12. a drive shaft; 121. a first drive gear; 122. a second transmission gear; 2. a central transmission mechanism; 21. a central gear; 22. a first clutch gear; 23. a second clutch gear; 3. a speed reduction mechanism; 31. a first reduction shaft; 311. a first duplicate gear; 32. a second reduction shaft; 321. a second duplicate gear; 41. a first half-shaft gear; 42. a second side gear; 5. a control mechanism; 51. a control shaft; 511. a groove; 52. a diaphragm clutch; 521. a housing; 53. a first control gear; 54. a second control gear; 6. a steering gear; 7. a first diaphragm; 71. a first protrusion; 8. a second diaphragm; 81. a second protrusion; 9. and (4) caulking grooves.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, a gearbox for fixed-axle wheel type mechanical pivot steering comprises a speed change mechanism 1, a central transmission structure 2, a speed reduction mechanism 3, a first half-axle gear 41 and a second half-axle gear 42 which are fixedly arranged in the gearbox and are connected in sequence, and a control mechanism 5,

the speed change mechanism 1 comprises a speed change shaft 11 and a transmission shaft 12 which are adjacently arranged, wherein the speed change shaft 11 is provided with a plurality of speed change gears 111, the transmission shaft 12 is coaxially provided with a first transmission gear 121 and a second transmission gear 122, the speed change gears 111 and the first transmission gear 121 are meshed with each other during assembly, in addition, a shifting fork is further arranged at the speed change mechanism, the shifting fork is not shown in the drawing, different speed change gears 111 on the speed change shaft 11 are meshed with the first transmission gear 121 through shifting fork sliding during use (only one pair of gears can be meshed at the same time), and therefore speed change transmission of power to the transmission gears is achieved;

the central transmission mechanism 2 comprises a central gear 21, a first clutch gear 22 and a second clutch gear 23 which are respectively and movably embedded at two sides of the central gear 21, when in assembly, the central gear 21 is meshed with the second transmission gear 122, the first clutch gear 22 drives the first half shaft gear 41 to rotate through the speed reducing mechanism 3, and the second clutch gear 23 drives the second half shaft gear 42 to rotate through the speed reducing mechanism 3; during operation, the second transmission gear 122 transmits power to the central gear 21, and the first clutch gear 22 and the second clutch gear 23 are both engaged with the central gear through the jaw structure, so that the central gear 21 also drives the first clutch gear 22 and the second clutch gear 23 to rotate synchronously, and in addition, a left shifting fork and a right shifting fork are further arranged in the central transmission mechanism 2 close to the first clutch gear 22 and the second clutch gear 23 respectively, and the first clutch gear 22, the second clutch gear 23 and the central gear are controlled to be separated or engaged through the left shifting fork and the right shifting fork respectively;

the speed reducing mechanism 3 comprises a first speed reducing shaft 31 and a second speed reducing shaft 32 which are adjacently arranged, wherein a first duplicate gear 311 is symmetrically and movably arranged on the first speed reducing shaft 31, a second duplicate gear 321 is symmetrically and movably arranged on the second speed reducing shaft 32, and the first duplicate gear 311 and the second duplicate gear 321 both comprise a large gear and a small gear which are integrally connected; during assembly, the gearwheel of the first duplicate gear 311 is meshed with the first clutch gear 22, the gearwheel of the second duplicate gear is meshed with the second clutch gear 23, the pinion of the first duplicate gear 311 is meshed with the gearwheel of the second duplicate gear 321, and the pinion of the second duplicate gear 321 is meshed with the first half-shaft gear 41;

the centers of the first side gear 41 and the second side gear 42 are both provided with a caulking groove, and a power output rod can be fixedly arranged at the caulking groove and transmits power out of the gearbox; further driving a driving wheel of the wheel type machinery to rotate;

the control mechanism 5 comprises a control shaft 51, a diaphragm clutch 52 arranged on the control shaft 51, a first control gear 53 and a second control gear 54 which are respectively arranged on two sides of the diaphragm clutch 52, wherein the first control gear 53 is fixedly connected with the control shaft 51 through a key, and the second control gear 54 is movably connected with the control shaft 51, namely the second control gear 54 can freely rotate on the control shaft and is not influenced by the rotation of the control shaft; the diaphragm clutch 52 comprises a housing 521, a through hole is formed in the center of one side of the housing 521, which is close to the first control gear, tooth grooves are distributed in an annular array along the axis at the inner end of the through hole, a concave part is formed in the gear on one side of the second control gear 54, and during assembly, the teeth on one side of the second control gear with the concave part slide into the housing along the tooth grooves of the housing 521, namely, the second control gear 54 is fixedly connected with the housing 521; it is therefore apparent that the housing 521 and the second control gear 54 are kept in synchronous rotation;

furthermore, a steering gear 6 is connected between the second control gear 54 and the second side gear 42, the first control gear 53 is engaged with the first side gear 41, and the second control gear 54 is engaged with the steering gear 6; a first diaphragm 7 and a second diaphragm 8 are arranged in the shell 521 of the diaphragm clutch 52 at intervals, and the first diaphragm 7 and the second diaphragm 8 are closely adjacent but not in contact; a plurality of first bulges 71 are arranged on the inner side wall of the first diaphragm 7, a plurality of second bulges 81 are arranged on the outer side surface of the second diaphragm 8, a plurality of grooves 511 are arranged on the control shaft 51, and the first bulges are embedded in the grooves 511 during assembly; the housing 521 is uniformly provided with caulking grooves 9, the number of the caulking grooves is the same as that of the second protrusions, and the second protrusions 81 are embedded in the caulking grooves 9; it should be noted that a pressure plate (not shown) is further disposed on a side of the housing 521 close to the first control gear 53, and when in use, the pressure plate can be pressed towards the second control gear, so that the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm can be in close contact with each other, and the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm can rotate synchronously;

when the fixed-axis wheel type machine normally advances, the power is transmitted to the first transmission gear 121 by meshing the speed changing gear 111 with the first transmission gear 121 (only one pair of gears can be meshed at the same time), the second transmission gear coaxially and synchronously rotates with the first transmission gear 122, then the power is transmitted to the central gear 21 by the second transmission gear 122, the left side and the right side of the central gear 21 are respectively provided with a first clutch gear 22 and a second clutch gear 23, and in a state that the machine normally advances, the first clutch gear 22 and the second clutch gear 23 are both embedded with the central gear 21 through a tooth-embedded structure, namely the first clutch gear 22 and the second clutch gear 23 keep synchronous rotation with the central gear 21; meanwhile, as can be seen from the schematic diagram in the drawing, the first clutch gear 22 is located on the right side of the central gear 21, the second clutch gear is located on the left side of the central gear 21, then the power split transmission is realized through the first clutch gear 22 and the second clutch gear 23, the power is transmitted to the first duplicate gear 311 on the right side of the first reduction shaft 31 engaged with the first clutch gear 22 through the first clutch gear 22, then the power is continuously transmitted to the second duplicate gear 321 on the right side of the second reduction shaft 32 through the first duplicate gear 311, and then the power is transmitted to the first half shaft gear 41, at this time, the power output shaft is fixed at the center of the first half shaft gear 41, so that the power is output to the outside of the transmission case; similarly, the power is transmitted to the first duplicate gear 311 on the left side of the first reduction shaft 31 meshed with the first reduction shaft through the second clutch gear 23, then the power is transmitted to the second duplicate gear 321 on the left side of the second reduction shaft 32 through the first duplicate gear 311, and then the power is transmitted to the second side gear 42, and a power output shaft is fixedly arranged at the center of the second side gear 42, so that the power is output to the outside of the gearbox;

since the first clutch gear 22 and the second clutch gear 23 both rotate in synchronization with the central gear 21 in the same direction, the first side gear 41 and the second side gear 42 rotate in the same direction; meanwhile, the first shaft gear 41 is also engaged with the first control gear 53 of the control mechanism, and the first control gear 53 is fixedly connected with the control shaft 51 through a key, so that the control shaft 51 and the first control gear 41 rotate synchronously, and the first diaphragm 7 is fixedly connected with the control shaft 51 through the structure of the first protrusion 71 and the groove 511 according to the structure of the diaphragm clutch; a steering gear 6 is connected between the second control gear 54 and the second side gear 42, the second control gear 54 is meshed with the steering gear 6, the second control gear 54 rotates synchronously with the shell, and the second diaphragm 8 is embedded in the embedded groove 9 on the shell through the second protrusion 81, so that the second diaphragm 8 is kept synchronous with the shell; therefore, the rotation direction of the second control gear is opposite to that of the first control gear, so that the rotation directions of the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm in the shell are opposite;

in short, the first control gear 53, the control shaft 51 and the first diaphragm 7 all rotate in the same direction, while the second control gear 54, the housing 521 and the second diaphragm 8 all rotate in the other direction, and in the forward state, the first diaphragm 7 and the second diaphragm 8 are not in contact with each other, so that the first diaphragm clutch and the second diaphragm clutch do not collide with each other, and the diaphragm clutch is in a non-operating state;

when the fixed-axis wheel type machine performs pivot steering, the different point from the above working state is that the jaw structure between the second clutch gear 23 and the central gear 21 is separated, that is, after power is transmitted to the central gear 21, power is transmitted only from the first clutch gear 22, and the second clutch gear 23 is in a free-rotation state after being separated from the central gear 21; then, the diaphragm clutch 52 is controlled to enable the first diaphragm 7 and the second diaphragm 8 to be in close contact with each other, the second diaphragm 8 and the first diaphragm 7 keep synchronous rotation by means of friction force between the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm, at this time, the second diaphragm 8 can drive the shell 521 to synchronously rotate, the shell 521 drives the second control gear 54 to keep synchronous rotation, and then power is transmitted to the second side gear 42 through the steering gear 6; at this time, the rotation direction of the second side gear 42 is opposite to the rotation direction of the first side gear 41 due to the existence of the steering gear 6, that is, during steering, one driving wheel can rotate in a forward direction, and the other driving wheel can rotate in a reverse direction, so that the mechanical pivot steering is realized;

power transmission path in the pivot steering state: the speed changing gear, a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, a central gear, a first clutch gear, a first duplicate gear on the right side, a second duplicate gear on the right side, a first half shaft gear, a first control gear, a control shaft, a first diaphragm, a second diaphragm, a shell of a diaphragm clutch, a second control gear, a steering gear, a second half shaft gear, a second duplicate gear on the left side, a first duplicate gear on the left side and a second clutch gear;

the utility model discloses a static friction on one side track and ground when this gearbox structure can avoid machinery to turn to reduce the wearing and tearing of track, prolong its life.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A gear box for fixed-axle wheel type mechanical pivot steering is characterized in that: the transmission mechanism comprises a speed change mechanism (1), a central transmission mechanism (2), a speed reduction mechanism (3), a first half shaft gear (41), a second half shaft gear (42) and a control mechanism (5), wherein the speed change mechanism (1), the central transmission mechanism (2), the first half shaft gear (41), the second half shaft gear (42) and the control mechanism (5) are fixedly arranged in a gearbox and are sequentially connected, the central transmission mechanism (2) comprises a central gear (21), and a first clutch gear (22) and a second clutch gear (23) which are respectively and movably embedded in two sides of the central gear (21), the first clutch gear (22) drives the first half shaft gear (41) to rotate through the speed reduction mechanism (3), and the second clutch gear (23) drives the second half shaft gear (42) to rotate through; the control mechanism (5) comprises a control shaft (51), a diaphragm clutch (52) arranged on the control shaft (51), a first control gear (53) and a second control gear (54) which are respectively arranged on two sides of the diaphragm clutch (52), the diaphragm clutch (52) comprises a shell (521), the second control gear (54) is fixedly connected with the shell (521), the first control gear (53) is fixedly connected with the control shaft (51), and the second control gear (54) is movably connected with the control shaft (51); a steering gear (6) is connected between the second control gear (54) and the second side gear (42), the first control gear (53) is meshed with the first side gear (41), and the second control gear (54) is meshed with the steering gear (6).

2. The gearbox for fixed-axis wheeled machine pivot steering according to claim 1, characterized in that: speed change mechanism (1) is equipped with a plurality of change gear (111) including change shaft (11) and transmission shaft (12) that adjacent set up on change shaft (11), coaxial first drive gear (121), second drive gear (122) of being equipped with on transmission shaft (12), change gear (111) and first drive gear (121) intermeshing, second drive gear (122) and central gear (21) intermeshing.

3. The gearbox for fixed-axis wheeled machine pivot steering according to claim 1, characterized in that: the speed reducing mechanism (3) comprises a first speed reducing shaft (31) and a second speed reducing shaft (32) which are adjacently arranged, a first duplicate gear (311) is symmetrically and movably arranged on the first speed reducing shaft (31), a second duplicate gear (321) is symmetrically and movably arranged on the second speed reducing shaft (32), and the first duplicate gear (311) and the second duplicate gear (321) both comprise a large gear and a small gear which are integrally connected; the big gear of the first duplicate gear (311) is meshed with the first clutch gear (22), the small gear of the first duplicate gear (311) is meshed with the big gear of the second duplicate gear (321), and the small gear of the second duplicate gear (321) is meshed with the first half-shaft gear (41).

4. The gearbox for fixed-axis wheeled machine pivot steering according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diaphragm clutch (52) comprises a first diaphragm (7) and a second diaphragm (8) which are arranged in a shell (521) at intervals, a plurality of first bulges (71) are arranged on the inner side wall of the first diaphragm (7), a plurality of second bulges (81) are arranged on the outer side surface of the second diaphragm (8), a plurality of grooves (511) are formed in the control shaft (51), and the first bulges (71) are embedded in the grooves (511); the casing (521) is evenly distributed with caulking grooves (9), and the second protrusions (81) are embedded in the caulking grooves (9).

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