CN213240535U - Array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device and system - Google Patents
Array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213240535U CN213240535U CN202022373075.8U CN202022373075U CN213240535U CN 213240535 U CN213240535 U CN 213240535U CN 202022373075 U CN202022373075 U CN 202022373075U CN 213240535 U CN213240535 U CN 213240535U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of ocean geophysical exploration, a seismic data collection system and system is related to. An array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device comprises a plurality of marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cables, wherein each acquisition cable is formed by connecting a plurality of marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition short sections in series at equal intervals; each marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition short section comprises a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit. The utility model discloses a three-component optical fiber geophone and optic fibre hydrophone, the frequency band scope is greater than conventional marine seismic signal's frequency band response far away, and sensitivity is high, and four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device structure is very simple for marine array four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device of the invention can be used for towline or submarine cable under water and gather high-quality marine four-component seismic data, provides powerful technical support for the high-efficient exploration and the comprehensive evaluation of marine geology mineral resources and oil gas resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine geophysical exploration, and relates to a marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device and system.
Background
At present, there are three main marine seismic data acquisition modes, one is that a single-component, two-component, three-component or four-component towed marine seismic data acquisition cable (Streamer) is towed at the tail of an acquisition operation ship, and the marine seismic data acquisition cables such as various seismic cables (streamers) produced and sold by the companies of ION, Sercel, OYO Geospace and the like. The other is the sinking of three-component or four-component ocean bottom seismic data acquisition cables (OBC) into the ocean bottom, and the other is the sinking of independent three-component or four-component ocean bottom seismic data acquisition stations (OBS and OBN), and the independent ocean seismic air gun excitation source is excited when dragging in water. The towed marine seismic data acquisition cable works in such a way that an acquisition operation ship tows the acquisition cable to move forward at a constant speed at a certain depth below the water surface, and a controllable seismic source (such as an air gun seismic source) towed by the acquisition operation ship or a controllable seismic source (such as an air gun seismic source) towed by another seismic source operation ship and the acquisition cable synchronously move at a certain depth below the water surface and are positioned and excited at fixed time. The submarine seismic data acquisition cable sunk into the sea bottom works in a mode that a submarine seismic cable (OBC) is firstly released and laid on the sea bottom by a cable releasing operation ship, then an underwater controllable seismic source (such as an air gun seismic source) is dragged by the air gun seismic source operation ship to move forwards at a certain depth below the sea surface and excite a seismic signal into the sea water, and the submarine seismic data is acquired by the seismic cable which is released and laid on the sea bottom in advance. And after the data acquisition is finished, the cable laying operation ship recovers the submarine seismic cable, puts the submarine seismic cable into a new measurement work area, and repeats the acquisition operation of the submarine seismic data.
The most widely used in the industry today is the acquisition of four-component marine seismic data by conventional three-component geophones and piezoelectric crystal hydrophones. The three-component detector is a special detector used in multi-wave exploration. Unlike a single-component conventional geophone, each geophone incorporates three mutually perpendicular sensors to record the three components of the particle velocity vector for simultaneous recording of longitudinal, transverse, and converted waves. The signal voltage output by such detectors is related to the displacement velocity of their vibrations and is therefore referred to as a velocity detector. In order to record the vibration signals sensed by the detector, circuit modules for amplifying analog signals output by the detector, filtering, denoising, analog-to-digital conversion, data storage, data transmission and the like are further arranged in the detector array, so that marine seismic data acquired by the three-component detector array are transmitted to an acquisition control computer on the towing workboat for storage through an armored cable with the length of thousands of meters. It is also difficult and very limited to provide short circuits from the deck to many data acquisition cables located several kilometers or even tens of kilometers from the towing vessel. In addition, ocean four-component seismic data acquired by a three-component geophone and hydrophone array at present are completely transmitted from a data acquisition cable to a towing operation ship by an armored cable, and due to the limitation of long-distance (thousands to tens of kilometers) cable data transmission, high-speed real-time transmission of a large amount of data to the towing operation ship cannot be realized. The factors greatly limit the development and popularization and application of the large-channel or ultra-large-channel and large-length or ultra-large-length marine quartering geophone array (or quartering seismic data acquisition cable) technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the difficult problem of the bottleneck of limited data transmission capability of a long-distance cable of a marine seismic data acquisition cable consisting of a conventional three-component geophone and a pressurized electric hydrophone and the power supply problem of a plurality of data acquisition short circuits on the marine seismic data acquisition cable which is far away from a towing operation ship by kilometers or even dozens of kilometers. The towed or bottom sinking marine optical fiber four-component seismic data acquisition system consists of three-component optical fiber detectors, optical fiber hydrophones and optical fiber attitude sensors which are uniformly distributed in optical cables arranged in acquisition cables.
In order to solve the technical problem, one of the technical schemes provided by the invention is as follows: an array marine four-component fiber optic seismic data acquisition device comprising: the marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cable is formed by connecting a plurality of marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition short sections in series at equal intervals; each marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition short section comprises a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit is installed at the front part of the acquisition pup joint, and the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor and the optical fiber hydrophone are sequentially arranged behind the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit.
Further preferably, the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit is a three-component optical fiber detector, and the three-component optical fiber detector is formed by three groups of optical fiber detectors in a mutually orthogonal triaxial discrete structure.
Further preferably, the fiber detector is selected from any one of an intensity modulation type fiber detector, a phase modulation type fiber detector, a wavelength modulation type detector, and a distributed fiber detector; each component direction is formed by serially overlapping two fiber detectors.
Further preferably, the fiber detector is formed by stacking one or more fiber MEMS accelerometers in parallel; each component direction is respectively formed by arranging 1 pair of optical fiber detectors in an orthogonal mode; or each component direction is respectively formed by 2 pairs of optical fiber detectors which are arranged in a regular hexahedron mode.
Further preferably, the marine four-component seismic data acquisition short sections are connected through armored cables, and the distance between every two adjacent acquisition short sections is selected from any one of 3.125 meters, 6.25 meters, 12.5 meters and 25 meters.
Further preferably, the fiber optic hydrophone is selected from an amplitude modulation type fiber optic hydrophone, a phase modulation type fiber optic hydrophone, or a polarization type fiber optic hydrophone.
The invention also provides a four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition system which comprises the array marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device, wherein the array marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device is towed below the sea water surface or is laid on the sea bottom in a parallel manner.
Further, the device is connected with a sea surface data acquisition control and modulation-demodulation instrument.
Furthermore, a plurality of marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cables in the device are towed below the sea surface in parallel at equal intervals or are laid on the sea bottom in a parallel spreading mode, and the distance between the cables is between several meters and tens of meters.
The optical fiber geophone has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency band, good high-frequency response, no need of power supply, corrosion resistance and high voltage resistance. The difficult problem of power supply for a plurality of data acquisition short circuits on the marine seismic data acquisition cable which is far away from the towing operation ship for several kilometers or even dozens of kilometers from the deck of the towing operation ship is solved. In addition, the fiber detector has higher sensitivity, wider frequency band and better high-frequency response characteristic than the conventional detector, and can realize multi-channel high-speed transmission with large data volume. And because the front end of the sensor is not provided with electronic elements, the sensor has higher reliability, high voltage resistance, no need of power supply, water resistance, corrosion resistance, capability of being laid on the seabed for a long time, electromagnetic interference resistance and small channel crosstalk.
The fiber MEMS accelerometer is a single-component broadband acceleration sensor, adopts the micro/nano processing technology (micro/nano technology) newly developed in the 21 st century, directly integrates an acceleration detection mass block, an elastic support body, an optical reflection micro mirror, a light incidence waveguide and a light emergence waveguide on a tiny chip, and has the advantages of flat frequency characteristic response, linear phase change, good technical parameter consistency, stable and reliable performance, no power and electricity, electromagnetic interference resistance, small volume, capability of realizing long-distance optical signal transmission and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the high-voltage-resistant three-component optical fiber geophone, the high-voltage-resistant optical fiber hydrophone and the high-voltage-resistant three-component optical fiber attitude sensor are adopted in the array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device, so that the acquisition of marine four-component seismic data with a large channel or an oversized channel and a large length or an oversized length and the high-speed transmission of massive seismic data acquired at a high density and a high frequency from the acquisition cable to the towing operation ship are realized, the bottleneck problem of the high-speed transmission of massive data in the conventional array type marine four-component seismic data acquisition cable to the towing operation ship is solved, and the problem of short-circuit power supply for massive data acquisition on the marine seismic data acquisition cable which is far away from the towing operation ship by kilometers or even dozens.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of an array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the array marine four-component fiber seismic data acquisition device provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operational deployment of a towed marine four-component fiber seismic data acquisition system (Streamer) provided in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operational deployment of a sub-sea four-component fiber optic seismic data acquisition system (OBC) provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
The three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit is composed of 6 optical fiber detectors, each component direction is formed by serially overlapping two optical fiber detectors which are respectively a vertical optical fiber detector 4, a first horizontal optical fiber detector 5 and a second horizontal optical fiber detector 6 orthogonal to the first horizontal optical fiber detector, and the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensors in each component direction are improved.
The 6 fiber detectors in the acquisition short section 3 can be intensity modulation type fiber detectors or phase modulation type (interference type) fiber detectors or wavelength modulation type (fiber grating type and fiber laser type) detectors or distributed fiber detectors.
The optical fiber hydrophone 9 in the acquisition pup joint 3 can be an amplitude modulation type optical fiber hydrophone (intensity type optical fiber hydrophone) or a phase modulation type optical fiber hydrophone (interference type optical fiber hydrophone) or a polarization type optical fiber hydrophone (fiber grating hydrophone). The high-pressure-resistant waterproof protective rubber sleeve is tightly wrapped outside the optical fiber hydrophone 9, so that pressure waves (seismic waves) in seawater can be directly transmitted to the protective rubber sleeve outside the optical fiber hydrophone 9 conveniently, and further transmitted to the optical fiber hydrophone.
The acquisition short sections 3 on the marine four-component seismic data acquisition cable 1 are connected through the armored optical cable 2, the spacing distance between the adjacent acquisition short sections 3 can be selected from 3.125 meters, 6.25 meters, 12.5 meters or 25 meters, and the spacing distances of all the acquisition short sections 3 are equal, so that the acquisition short sections 3 on the marine four-component seismic data acquisition cable 1 are distributed in an array mode.
The three single-component optical fiber detectors 4, the optical fiber hydrophone 9 and the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 7 are respectively connected with the armored optical cable 2 through optical fibers 10.
The six single-component optical fiber detectors 4, the optical fiber hydrophones 9 and the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 7 are respectively connected with the armored optical cable 2 through optical fibers 10.
In embodiment 4, the array marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device provided by the invention, a controllable air gun seismic source 8 and a towing workboat 15 form a towed marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition system (Streamer). A single or tens of marine quarter fiber seismic data acquisition cables 1 may be towed below the water surface at the tail end of the work vessel 15, with the streamers spread parallel to the sea surface, with the cable-to-cable distance between several meters and tens of meters, as shown in fig. 4.
The vertical optical fiber detector 4, the first horizontal optical fiber detector 5, the second horizontal optical fiber detector 6 and the optical fiber hydrophone 9 in the acquisition short section 3 on each marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cable 1 are respectively connected with the armored optical cable 2 through a vertical detector connecting optical fiber 11, a first horizontal detector connecting optical fiber 12, a second horizontal detector connecting optical fiber 13 and a hydrophone connecting optical fiber 14, and the armored optical cables 2 are connected with a data acquisition control system and a modulation and demodulation instrument 16 on a towing operation ship 15.
Because the high-voltage-resistant three-component optical fiber geophone, the optical fiber hydrophone and the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor are adopted, the array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device is not provided with any electronic device and any moving coil type or piezoelectric type or acceleration type or MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) geophone output analog signal amplification, filtering, denoising, analog-digital conversion, data storage, data transmission and other circuit modules.
The three-component optical fiber detector can adopt an all-optical seismic acceleration detector based on a grating technology, and a multi-sensor array can be arranged on a single optical fiber. Light rays are transmitted to the tail end of the marine array type four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cable 1 from a data acquisition control system and a modulation and demodulation instrument 16 on the towing work ship 15 along the armored optical cable 2 and are reflected back to the modulation and demodulation instrument 16, the reflected optical signals are modulated and demodulated (converted) into measured seismic data, and the obtained marine seismic data are processed and interpreted by a conventional method. Each three-component optical fiber seismic acceleration detector is packaged in a protective shell with the diameter of about 2 cm, can be installed in a slender space of a data acquisition cable, and receives three-component seismic waves. Fiber-optic geophones are very robust and can withstand strong shock and vibration. The optical fiber geophone also has the characteristics of large dynamic range and wide signal frequency band, the signal frequency band width of the system is 1-1000 Hz, and the response of seismic signals from extremely low frequency to extremely high frequency can be recorded.
The working principle of the array type ocean four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device provided by the invention is as follows: the multi-wavelength modulation laser emitted from the light source light modulation system is transmitted to a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit and an optical fiber hydrophone 9 in an acquisition cable through a multi-core optical fiber in the armored optical cable 2, and the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit and the optical fiber hydrophone 9 load a vibration acceleration signal and a sound pressure signal of a water sound field at a spatial position point into corresponding laser carrier signals in an optical phase modulation mode. Optical fibers are uploaded through the armored optical cable 2, all optical signals are transmitted to a photoelectric receiving system on the towing workboat 15, and a plurality of paths of digital carrier detection signals with optical modulation are obtained through photoelectric conversion amplification and AD conversion. And restoring four-component earthquake detection digital signals with high fidelity from each path through optical modulation and demodulation. The three-component attitude data is transmitted to a data acquisition control and modulation and demodulation instrument 16 on the towing operation ship through the armored optical cable 2, and then is modulated, demodulated and converted into marine four-component seismic data at corresponding positions.
The array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device provided by the invention has the following concrete steps of acquiring seismic data:
1. the towed marine seismic data acquisition operation ship 15 puts a plurality of four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cables 1 into the sea at the tail end of the towed operation ship 15 (as shown in fig. 4), or sinks a plurality of four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cables 1 to the seabed of a seabed seismic data acquisition work area according to a pre-designed interval (as shown in fig. 5), a data acquisition control system and a modulation and demodulation instrument 16 on the towed operation ship 15 start the array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device through the armored optical cable 2, instrument state self-checking is carried out, and it is ensured that each marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition pup joint 3 works normally.
2. The controllable air gun seismic source 8 is sequentially excited point by point according to a seismic source point of a construction design, and the four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cable 1 towed in the sea at the tail end of the towing operation ship 15 or the four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cable 1 sunk at the sea bottom synchronously acquires full-wave-field four-component marine seismic data excited by the controllable air gun seismic source 8 on the sea surface.
3. And a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 7 which is arranged next to the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit synchronously acquires the three-component attitude data of the four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition short circuit 3 at the data acquisition position in real time, and records the inclination angle, azimuth angle and inclination of each optical fiber detector in real time so as to perform necessary rotation processing on the recorded four-component marine seismic data.
4. The four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device transmits the four-component marine seismic data acquired in the step 2 and the three-component attitude data of the marine optical fiber four-component seismic data acquisition short section 3 acquired in the step 3 to a data acquisition control system and a modulation and demodulation instrument 16 on a towing operation ship 15 through the armored optical cable 2, and then the data are modulated and demodulated to be converted into marine four-component seismic data at corresponding positions.
5. According to the three-component attitude data of the marine four-component seismic data acquisition pup joint 3 synchronously acquired in real time by the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 7 at the data acquisition position (below the sea surface or on the sea bottom), the marine four-component seismic data of the corresponding acquisition position in the step 4 are transformed into the three-component marine seismic data of the corresponding acquisition position through rotating projection, and the three-component marine seismic data of the position along the vertical direction and two orthogonal horizontal directions parallel to the sea level are obtained, wherein one horizontal component is a horizontal component along the extension direction of the data acquisition cable, and the other horizontal component is a horizontal component perpendicular to the extension direction of the data acquisition cable.
6. And (3) carrying out marine seismic data processing on the marine quartering seismic data converted into the corresponding data acquisition positions in the step (5), wherein the processing method comprises but is not limited to: shaping seismic wavelets, removing complex multiples (pressing or removing various multiples by combining a plurality of methods such as FK filtering, wave equation epitaxy method, deconvolution prediction and the like), recovering reliable effective reflected waves from data with low signal-to-noise ratio, realizing the shaping of seismic records by using the deconvolution of seismic source signals, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the effective reflected waves, speed modeling, stratigraphic division, tomography imaging, high-frequency recovery, ghost wave removal, multiple wave elimination, deconvolution processing, anisotropic time domain or depth domain migration imaging, Q compensation or Q migration, finally obtaining the longitudinal and transverse wave speed, longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, elastic parameters, viscoelastic parameters, seismic attribute data and sub-sea-bottom high-resolution geological structure imaging of a sub-sea-bottom medium, and being used for sub-sea-bottom geological structure investigation and mineral resource exploration, the high-resolution geological structure imaging of geological mineral resources and oil and gas reservoirs below the seabed and the comprehensive evaluation of oil and gas-containing reservoirs are realized.
Claims (10)
1. The array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device is characterized in that: the marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cable comprises a plurality of marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cables, wherein the acquisition cables are formed by connecting a plurality of marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition short sections in series at equal intervals; each marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition short section comprises a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit.
2. The array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit is installed at the front part of the acquisition pup joint, and a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor and an optical fiber hydrophone are sequentially arranged behind the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit.
3. The array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device according to claim 2, wherein the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensing unit is a three-component optical fiber detector, and the three-component optical fiber detector is composed of three groups of optical fiber detectors in a three-axis discrete structure which is orthogonal to each other.
4. The array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device according to claim 3, wherein the optical fiber detector is selected from any one of an intensity modulation type optical fiber detector, a phase modulation type optical fiber detector, a wavelength modulation type detector or a distributed optical fiber detector; each component direction is formed by serially overlapping two fiber detectors.
5. The array marine four-component fiber optic seismic data acquisition device according to claim 3, wherein the fiber optic geophone is formed by stacking one or more fiber optic MEMS accelerometers in parallel; each component direction is respectively formed by arranging 1 pair of optical fiber detectors in an orthogonal mode; or each component direction is respectively formed by 2 pairs of optical fiber detectors which are arranged in a regular hexahedron mode.
6. The array type marine quarter fiber seismic data acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the marine quarter fiber seismic data acquisition short sections are connected through armored cables, and the distance between the marine quarter fiber seismic data acquisition short sections is selected from any one of 3.125 meters, 6.25 meters, 12.5 meters and 25 meters.
7. The array type marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition device according to claim 2, wherein the optical fiber hydrophone is selected from an amplitude modulation type optical fiber hydrophone, a phase modulation type optical fiber hydrophone or a polarization type optical fiber hydrophone.
8. A four component fiber optic seismic data acquisition system characterized by: the array type marine quarter fiber seismic data acquisition device comprising any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the device is towed below the sea surface or is laid in parallel to be submerged on the sea bottom.
9. The quarter wave fiber seismic data acquisition system of claim 8, wherein: the device is connected with a data acquisition control and modulation and demodulation instrument on an operation ship through an armored optical cable.
10. A quarter fibre optic seismic data acquisition system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: in the device, a plurality of marine four-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition cables are towed below the sea surface in parallel at equal intervals or are laid on the sea bottom in parallel, and the distance between the cables is between several meters and tens of meters.
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| CN113391343A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-14 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Submarine optical fiber four-component seismic instrument system and data acquisition method thereof |
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