CN213209972U - Melting heat measurement system of ice - Google Patents
Melting heat measurement system of ice Download PDFInfo
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- CN213209972U CN213209972U CN202021767841.2U CN202021767841U CN213209972U CN 213209972 U CN213209972 U CN 213209972U CN 202021767841 U CN202021767841 U CN 202021767841U CN 213209972 U CN213209972 U CN 213209972U
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- heating rod
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for measuring the heat of fusion of ice, which comprises a heat preservation cover and a heat preservation cover, wherein a storage barrel and a T-shaped heat conducting rod are arranged in the heat preservation cover, the heat conducting rod comprises a heating rod and a cover plate positioned on the heating rod, the heat conducting rod can be covered on the storage barrel through the cover plate to form a closed cavity with the storage barrel, the heating rod and the inner wall and the bottom of the storage barrel form a closed cavity for placing ice, and a handle is arranged on the cover plate; the storage barrel and the heating rod are both internally provided with a temperature sensor connected with a temperature control monitor. The utility model discloses a rational in infrastructure, the experiment simple operation, the experiment error is little and stable. The structures of the heat insulation cover, the heat insulation cover and the like can eliminate the influence of heat exchange between the measurement system and the external environment; the temperature monitor and the computer can observe the temperature of the heat conducting rod and the temperature of the object placing barrel in real time, and the accuracy of the measuring result is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an experimental facilities technical field especially relates to an ice heat of fusion measurement system.
Background
The heat absorbed per unit mass of solid material that is required to melt completely to a liquid at the melting point is called the heat of fusion of the solid. The measurement of the heat of fusion is of great significance in the fields of heat engineering, refrigeration engineering and the like, and the deep understanding and mastering of the measurement of the heat of fusion of ice has a positive effect on the study of university physics, particularly thermodynamic theory.
The measurement of the heat of fusion of ice is one of the classical experimental projects in college physical experiments and is also an experiment which is difficult to do, and the measurement methods commonly used in the experiment are mainly two types: mixed calorimetry and electrical heating. However, the traditional experimental method and measuring device have limitations, and have high requirements on ice preparation and experimental operation, which results in large error of measurement result, and mainly have the following disadvantages: (1) the method is characterized in that the heat of fusion of ice is measured by a mixed calorimetric method, and the system is kept to be an isolated system, which is the required basic experimental condition, but the time required for completely melting the ice in the actual operation is too long, the heat dissipation to the outside is more, the heat absorption of a heat-insulating cylinder, an inner cylinder and the like is larger, and the system cannot completely meet the requirement of heat insulation; (2) the ice is heated unevenly in the stirring process due to the low thermal conductivity of the ice; (3) the preparation of ice in the experimental preparation is difficult, and the temperature of the ice prepared by the ice-water mixture is difficult to control to be just 0 ℃ because the ice at 0 ℃ is required for the experiment; (4) in the process of adding ice for stirring, the temperature drops very quickly after ice blocks are added, the reading is changed too quickly when the temperature is measured by a thermometer, the reading interval time is short, stirring and reading are needed, students are difficult to avoid, errors can be made in recorded data if the students are not aware of the reading, and the experiment fails; (5) during the stirring process, a small amount of water may be inadvertently spilled out of the inner cylinder, causing errors in the final weighing and calculation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, based on the background above, the utility model discloses experimental method and measuring device to the heat of fusion of current relevant ice have improved and have innovated, provide the heat of fusion measurement system of ice that the operation is more simple convenient, and data is accurate more reliable, and measuring error is little.
The utility model provides a technical scheme does:
a melting heat measuring system comprises a heat insulation cover and a heat insulation cover forming a closed cavity with the heat insulation cover, wherein a hollow storage barrel and a T-shaped heat conducting rod are arranged in the heat insulation cover, the heat conducting rod comprises a heating rod and a cover plate positioned on the heating rod, the heat conducting rod can be arranged on the storage barrel through the cover plate to form the closed cavity with the storage barrel, the heating rod, the inner wall and the bottom of the storage barrel form the closed cavity for placing ice, and a hollow handle penetrating through the heat insulation cover is arranged on the cover plate; the inside wall of putting the thing bucket is equipped with one or a plurality of temperature sensor A, it is equipped with one or a plurality of temperature sensor B to heat inside, temperature sensor A, temperature sensor B pass through the electric lead and are connected with the temperature control monitor.
To describe the present invention further, the heating rod is provided with a heating wire inside.
To the utility model discloses further describe, the connection of heating rod opens and stops control switch's electric lead and runs through the handle.
Right the utility model discloses further describe, the control by temperature change monitor is connected to the computer through the electric lead, install in the computer and carry out the program of real-time acquisition and automatic recording to the temperature data of control by temperature change monitor feedback.
It is right to the utility model discloses further describe, the control by temperature change monitor is THKA double-circuit control by temperature change monitor, temperature sensor A, temperature sensor B are PT100 temperature sensor, and its temperature measurement scope is-50.0 ~ 400.0 ℃, and the refresh frequency is 0.1 second, and it can be transmitted to the control by temperature change monitor along with the resistance change that temperature change produced through the probe in, and the control by temperature change monitor can show the temperature reading that temperature sensor transmitted on the one hand, and on the other hand gathers and the record with temperature signal transmission to the computer to can feed back the curve of the trend of change of temperature.
It is right to the utility model discloses further describe, the side top surface of putting the thing bucket is opened there is annular draw-in groove, open on the apron have with draw-in groove matched with fixture block, this multiplicable put the fastness and the leakproofness of being connected of thing bucket and heating rod.
To the utility model discloses further describe, it is equipped with a plurality of detachable supporting leg to put thing barrel head portion.
The utility model is further described, the heat preservation cover, the lifting handle and the supporting legs are all made of heat insulation materials, and the heat preservation cover are made of polystyrene; the storage barrel, the cover plate of the heat conducting rod and the heating rod are all made of aluminum or aluminum alloy materials.
To the utility model discloses further describe, the heat preservation cover is double-deck barrel in order to strengthen its thermal-insulated effect.
To the utility model discloses further describe, the heating rod all has about 1.5 cm's clearance with inner wall, the bottom of putting the thing bucket, and its usable air promotes thermal-insulated effect, and can make the ice-cube heat up rapidly and melt, and reduced thermal loss again.
The utility model discloses the experimental principle of the heat of fusion of measuring ice does:
at a mass of m2And a specific heat capacity of c2The storage barrel is filled with thin-layer water with the mass of M, the thin-layer water and the thin-layer water are put into a refrigerator for freezing, and the storage barrel and the ice are taken out after several hours, wherein the temperatures of the storage barrel and the ice are both T20. One mass is m1Temperature of T10And a specific heat capacity of c1The hot object (heat conducting rod) and the ice-containing storage barrel are arranged in the same container, if no heat exchange is carried out with the outside, when the ice is completely melted, the mixing system reaches approximate thermal balance, and the temperature of the hot object is T1The temperature of the storage barrel and the melted water is T2。
In this process, the heat of the hot object (heat conducting rod) is released, and the total heat released is set to QPut(ii) a The frozen storage barrel and the ice absorb heat, and the total absorbed heat is QSuction device. Because of the isolated system, there are:
Qput＝QSuction device (1)
The heat of fusion of ice is denoted by L, the amount of heat that the ice, at zero degrees per mass, needs to absorb to melt to zero degrees of water. According to formula (1) there are:
c1m1(T10-T1)＝ciceM(0-T20)+LM+cWater (W)M(T2-0)+c2m2(T2-T20) (2)
The heat of fusion of the ice thus obtained is:
in the formula, the specific heat capacity c of iceIce＝2.10×103J/(Kg. DEG C); specific heat capacity c of waterWater (W)＝4.186×103J/(Kg. DEG C); the hot object (heating rod) and the storage barrel are both made of aluminum alloy, and the specific heat capacity of the hot object (heating rod) and the storage barrel is c1＝c2＝0.88×103J/(Kg·℃)。
In practice, heat exchange with the outside cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the influence of heat exchange between the measurement system and the external environment as much as possible, accurately analyze and estimate the heat exchange between the system and the external environment, and correct the measurement result.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the utility model discloses a rational in infrastructure, the experiment simple operation, the experiment error is little and stable. The structures of the heat insulation cover, the heat insulation cover and the like can eliminate the influence of heat exchange between the measurement system and the external environment; the utility model integrates heating and heat conduction, which can avoid the problems of heat loss and large temperature measurement error in the process of transferring the heat conduction rod; and in the experimentation, the heat conduction stick is as high temperature object with different angles, and the biggest area of contact comes the heat transfer to ice and puts the thing bucket, can carry out real-time observation to the temperature in heat conduction stick and the thing bucket through temperature monitor moreover, and the computer that links to each other with temperature monitor then can carry out real-time automatic recording to the temperature, has reduced data error, has improved the degree of accuracy of measuring result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heating rod and the storage barrel of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a heat preservation cover; 2-heat preservation cover; 3-a storage barrel; 31-a card slot; 4-heat conducting rods; 41-cover plate; 42-a heating rod; 43-a handle; 44-a fixture block; 5-temperature sensor B; 6-temperature sensor A; 7-start-stop control switch; 8-temperature control monitor; 9-computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: the ice melting heat measuring system shown in fig. 1 to 3 comprises a heat preservation cover 1 and a heat preservation cover 2 forming a closed cavity with the heat preservation cover 1, wherein a hollow storage barrel 3 and a T-shaped heating rod 4 are arranged in the heat preservation cover 1, the heating rod 4 comprises a heating rod 42 and a cover plate 41 positioned on the heating rod 42, the heating rod 4 can be covered on the storage barrel 3 through the cover plate 41 to form a closed cavity with the storage barrel 3, the heating rod 42 and the inner wall and the bottom of the storage barrel 3 form a closed cavity for storing ice, and a hollow handle 43 penetrating through the heat preservation cover 2 is arranged on the cover plate 41; the inside wall of putting thing bucket 3 is equipped with one or a plurality of temperature sensor A6, heating rod 42 is inside to be equipped with one or a plurality of temperature sensor B5, temperature sensor A6, temperature sensor B5 are connected with temperature control monitor 8 through the electric wire.
Heating wires are arranged inside the heating rod 42.
The electric lead of the heating rod 42 connected with the start-stop control switch 7 penetrates through the handle 43.
The temperature control monitor 8 is connected to the computer 9 through an electric lead, and a program capable of collecting and automatically recording temperature data fed back by the temperature control monitor in real time is installed in the computer.
The temperature control monitor 8 is a THKA two-way temperature control monitor, the temperature sensor A6 and the temperature sensor B5 are PT100 temperature sensors, the temperature measuring range is-50.0-400.0 ℃, and the refreshing frequency is 0.1 second.
The top surface of the side edge of the object placing barrel 3 is provided with an annular clamping groove 31, and the cover plate 41 is provided with a clamping block 44 matched with the clamping groove 31.
The heat-insulation cover 1, the heat-insulation cover 2, the lifting handle 43 and the supporting legs are all made of heat-insulation materials, and the heat-insulation cover 1 and the heat-insulation cover 2 are made of polystyrene; the storage barrel 3, the cover plate 41 of the heat conducting rod 4 and the heating rod 42 are all made of aluminum alloy materials.
The heat preservation cover 1 is a double-layer cylinder body to strengthen the heat insulation effect.
The heating rod 42 and the inner wall and the bottom of the storage barrel 3 are provided with gaps of about 1.5cm, the heat insulation effect can be improved by utilizing air, the ice blocks can be rapidly heated and melted, and the heat loss is reduced.
The utility model discloses when concrete implementation: before the start of the experiment, the mass m of the heat conducting rod 4 was measured by an electronic balance1194.797g, mass m of the storage barrel 3261.659g, the mass M of water in the storage barrel 3 is 10.911g, then the storage barrel 3 with water is placed in a refrigerator for freezing for a period of time to make the water into thin ice, when the water in the storage barrel is made into the thin ice, articles are adopted to control the shape of the ice to be in a concave shape along the inner wall of the storage barrel 3, then the start-stop control switch 7 can be opened within the first 10 minutes of taking the storage barrel 3 out of the refrigerator according to the scheduled time, and the heat conducting rod 4 is heated through the heating wire; then open computer 9, be connected temperature control monitor 8 and computer 9, will put thing bucket 3 and place back in heat preservation cover 1, quick with heat conduction stick 4 place in putting thing bucket 3 together with heat preservation lid 2, be connected to temperature sensor on the temperature control monitor 8, can accomplish experimental system's equipment operation, accessible temperature control monitor 8 and computer 7 carry out instant collection record and analysis to the temperature of putting thing bucket and heat conduction stick next.
In the experiment, the data of the temperature change of the heat conducting rod 4 and the storage barrel 3 along with the time are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 measurement data
A calculation point is determined. Select a certain temperature measuring point, at this point, the temperature of heat conduction stick 4, putting the thing bucket 3 is close, and puts the thing bucket 3 temperature and be in near turning point. In the embodiment, the 36 th point is selected, and the temperature range for calculation is determined to be the 1 st to 36 th points.
The heat conducting rod 4 releases total heat of
Q1＝c1m1(T10-T1)＝0.88×194.797×(58.8-23.2)＝6102.60J
The heat absorbed by the heating of the storage barrel 3 is
Q2＝c2m2(T2-T20)＝0.88×61.659×(21.7-(-2.6))＝1318.52J
The heat absorbed by the ice with the mass M in the storage barrel 3 when the temperature rises to 0℃ is
Q3＝cIceM(0-T20)＝2.10×10.911×(0-(-2.6))＝59.57J
The heat absorbed by the ice after the ice is completely melted into water is
Estimating heat exchange between the measuring system and the external environment:
in the experiment, the storage barrel 3, the ice and the water formed by the ice can absorb heat from the external environment. And selecting 10 temperature measuring points before the calculation point, namely 27-36 points, and approximately calculating the temperature change of the part caused by heat absorption from the external environment within the time of each temperature measuring point.
(21.7-20.8) ÷ 10 ═ 0.09 ℃, i.e., the temperature rises by 0.09 ℃ per time point of measurement due to the absorption of heat from the external environment.
Estimate the amount of heat absorbed by the storage tub 3, ice and water formed by the ice from the external environment
Q5＝(c2m2+cIceM)×0.09×3+(c2m2+cWater (W)M)×0.09×32＝308.64J
The heat conducting rod 4 will give off heat to the external environment. Approximately calculating that the temperature in each temperature measuring point is reduced by 0.07 ℃ due to heat release to the external environment.
The heat quantity emitted to the external environment by the heat conduction rod 4 is estimated as
Q6＝c1m1×0.07×35＝419.98J
The ice with the mass M in the storage barrel 3 is completely melted into the water with the same temperature at 0 ℃ and the absorbed heat is
Q7＝Q1-Q2-Q3-Q4+Q5-Q6＝3587.80J
Heat of fusion of ice
The relative error epsilon is 1.8%
The utility model discloses improve traditional measuring device, heat the heat conduction stick with the heating wire and heat up, regard as heat-conducting heat source with the heat conduction stick, and the thin ice of concavity then multiplicable heat conduction stick and the area of contact of ice make it be heated at the melting in-process evenly, melt fast, and need not the stirring, control by temperature change monitor and computer automatic acquisition experimental data. According to a heat balance equation, the heat emitted by the heat conducting rod is equal to the heat absorbed by the ice and the object placing plate, the heat of fusion of the ice is measured, the heat exchange between the system and the outside is estimated, and the measurement result is corrected. Experimental results show that the new method can accurately measure the heat of fusion of ice, the data is accurate and reliable, and the error is small. The method has clear principle, simple and convenient operation and lower cost, can be popularized in college physics teaching, is beneficial to students to master thermodynamic theoretical knowledge and application thereof, cultivates the interest of the students in exploring physics, and realizes the interaction between theory and practice.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, but the description is not limited thereto, and the embodiment shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should understand that they should not be limited to the embodiments described above, and that they can design the similar structure and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A system for measuring the heat of fusion of ice, characterized in that,
the ice storage box comprises a heat insulation cover (1) and a heat insulation cover (2) forming a closed cavity together with the heat insulation cover (1), wherein a hollow storage barrel (3) and a T-shaped heat conduction rod (4) are arranged in the heat insulation cover (1), the heat conduction rod (4) comprises a heating rod (42) and a cover plate (41) positioned on the heating rod (42), the heat conduction rod (4) can be covered on the storage barrel (3) through the cover plate (41) to form the closed cavity together with the storage barrel, the heating rod (42) and the inner wall and the bottom of the storage barrel (3) form the closed cavity for storing ice, and a hollow handle (43) penetrating through the heat insulation cover (2) is arranged on the cover plate (41); the inside wall of putting thing bucket (3) is equipped with one or a plurality of temperature sensor A (6), heating rod (42) inside is equipped with one or a plurality of temperature sensor B (5), temperature sensor A (6), temperature sensor B (5) are connected with control by temperature change monitor (8) through the electric lead.
2. The system for measuring the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 1, characterized in that said heating rod (42) is internally provided with heating wires.
3. The system for measuring the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 2, characterized in that the electrical conductor of the heating rod (42) to which the start/stop control switch (7) is connected runs through the handle (43).
4. The system for measuring the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature control monitor (8) is connected to the computer (9) by means of electrical leads.
5. The system for measuring the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control monitor (8) is a THKA two-way temperature control monitor, and the temperature sensors a (6) and B (5) are PT100 temperature sensors.
6. The system for measuring the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 1, wherein the top surface of the side edge of the storage barrel (3) is provided with an annular clamping groove (31), and the cover plate (41) is provided with a clamping block (44) matched with the clamping groove (31).
7. The ice melting heat measuring system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of detachable support legs are provided at the bottom of the storage barrel (3).
8. The ice melting heat measuring system according to claim 7, wherein the heat-insulating cover (1), the heat-insulating cover (2), the handle (43) and the supporting legs are made of heat-insulating materials, and the heat-insulating cover (1) and the heat-insulating cover (2) are made of polystyrene; the storage barrel (3), the cover plate (41) of the heat conducting rod (4) and the heating rod (42) are all made of aluminum or aluminum alloy materials.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021767841.2U CN213209972U (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2020-08-22 | Melting heat measurement system of ice |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021767841.2U CN213209972U (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2020-08-22 | Melting heat measurement system of ice |
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| CN213209972U true CN213209972U (en) | 2021-05-14 |
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| CN202021767841.2U Expired - Fee Related CN213209972U (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2020-08-22 | Melting heat measurement system of ice |
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- 2020-08-22 CN CN202021767841.2U patent/CN213209972U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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