CN213175682U - Supporting structure and tunnel lining structure of crossing active fault tunnel - Google Patents
Supporting structure and tunnel lining structure of crossing active fault tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN213175682U CN213175682U CN202022248824.4U CN202022248824U CN213175682U CN 213175682 U CN213175682 U CN 213175682U CN 202022248824 U CN202022248824 U CN 202022248824U CN 213175682 U CN213175682 U CN 213175682U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a supporting construction and tunnel lining structure of crossing active fault tunnel, relate to tunnel engineering technical field, strut including first strut and second, first strut is including locating the outer second pipeline of first pipeline along the vertical first pipeline that sets up in tunnel and cover, it has the concrete to fill between first pipeline and the second pipeline, the second is strutted including radially being a plurality of first stock that set up along the tunnel, the one end and the second pipeline fixed connection of first stock, the other end stretches to outside country rock, preset the cavity between the excavation outline line along the radial second pipeline in tunnel and tunnel. The supporting structure and the tunnel lining structure of the cross-active fault tunnel have the capability of well resisting fault creep and dislocation damage, and can effectively avoid damage of fault creep to the whole tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a tunnel engineering technical field particularly, relates to a stride supporting construction and tunnel lining structure in active fault tunnel.
Background
China is among Asia-Europe plates, Indian ocean plates and Pacific ocean plates, is influenced by plate motion, and is widely distributed with active faults of various scales. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, tunnels are vigorously built in China, avoidance is mainly adopted when active fault sections are met, but the avoidance is limited by line selection, and a large number of tunnels still inevitably need to pass through active faults. The continuous and slow sliding of rock masses along two sides of the fault surface is called fault creep, the sudden sliding of rock masses along two sides of the fault surface is called fault stick slip, the fault creep does not directly generate earthquake compared with the fault stick slip, but the permanent displacement caused by the continuous sliding of the fault creep is difficult to resist, along with the gradual increase of the dislocation distance, the tunnel lining generates cracks and continuously expands, finally, the shearing damage is generated, the large-area damage is caused to the tunnel, the tunnel structure is damaged and difficult to repair, and the traffic safety and the life safety of people are damaged. How to effectively prevent and control the damage of fault creep to the tunnel is one of the difficult problems which need to be solved urgently.
At present, three measures are mainly adopted for tunnel engineering crossing a creeping dislocation fault. Firstly, a flexible connecting section is adopted, namely a tunnel is divided into a plurality of sections, and each section of tunnel is connected by a short-distance transition section with small rigidity, so that the tunnel becomes a chain connection, can adapt to fault creep under the condition of small displacement, and leads damage to the flexible connecting part under the condition of large displacement; one is to adopt the expanding excavation design or the damping layer design, namely a displacement space or a buffer space is reserved between the primary lining and the secondary lining of the tunnel; yet another is local reinforcement to resist damage and deformation by increasing the strength and rigidity of the required section of the tunnel. These methods have certain limitations and cannot effectively prevent the entire tunnel from being damaged.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a supporting construction and tunnel lining structure of crossing active fault tunnel has the ability of well resisting fault creep dislocation destruction, can avoid the destruction that fault creep caused to the tunnel is whole effectively.
The embodiment of the utility model is realized like this:
the utility model discloses an aspect of embodiment provides a supporting construction across active fault tunnel, strut including first support and second, first support is located including first pipeline and the cover that vertically sets up along the tunnel the outer second pipeline of first pipeline, first pipeline with it has the concrete to fill between the second pipeline, the second is strutted including radially being a plurality of first stocks that set up along the tunnel, the one end of first stock with second pipeline fixed connection, the other end stretch to outside country rock, and it is radial along the tunnel preset the cavity between the excavation outline line in second pipeline and tunnel. The supporting structure of the cross-active fault tunnel has the capability of well resisting fault creep and dislocation damage, and can effectively avoid damage of fault creep to the whole tunnel.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first anchor comprises a negative poisson's ratio anchor and/or a grout yielding anchor.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cavity is filled with a flexible material.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flexible material is foam concrete.
Optionally, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel further includes a third support, the third support includes a plurality of second anchor rods radially disposed along the tunnel, the second anchor rods are staggered with the first anchor rods, and one end of the second anchor rods is fixed to the excavation contour line and the other end of the tunnel extend to the outer surrounding rock.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extending direction of the second anchor rod is perpendicular to the excavation outline of the tunnel.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second anchor is a negative poisson's ratio anchor.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first pipe and the second pipe are made of steel.
Optionally, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first protection device is provided with a plurality of access channels along the tunnel, and the access channels radially run through the first pipeline, the concrete and the second pipeline in sequence along the tunnel.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a further aspect provides a tunnel lining structure, including foretell supporting construction who strides active fault tunnel. The supporting structure of the cross-active fault tunnel has the capability of well resisting fault creep and dislocation damage, and can effectively avoid damage of fault creep to the whole tunnel.
The utility model discloses beneficial effect includes:
this supporting construction who strides active fault tunnel includes that first strut and second strut, and first protection is including locating the outer second pipeline of first pipeline along the first pipeline of tunnel vertical setting and cover, and it has the concrete to fill between first pipeline and the second pipeline to make first pipeline and second pipeline form firm supporting construction steadily through the concrete, thereby improve holistic compressive capacity, bending resistance, shock resistance and impermeability in tunnel. The second is strutted and is included radially a plurality of first stock that set up along the tunnel, and the one end and the second pipeline fixed connection, the other end of first stock stretch to outside country rock to strutted through first support and second and mutually support and play the effect of suspending in midair the whole fixed tunnel jointly. Along having preset the cavity between the excavation profile line in the radial second pipeline in tunnel and tunnel to reserve relative displacement's removal space between the whole tunnel under the condition of fault creep slippage and the outside country rock through the cavity, thereby ensure no matter how outside country rock takes place the slow movement, the holistic position in tunnel, atress, form can both remain unchanged basically, and then make this supporting construction who strides active fault tunnel have the ability of well resisting fault creep slippage destruction, can avoid the destruction that fault creep caused tunnel whole effectively.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is one of schematic structural diagrams of a supporting structure of a cross active fault tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of a supporting structure of a cross active fault tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a third schematic structural diagram of a supporting structure across an active fault tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a fourth schematic structural diagram of a supporting structure across an active fault tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a fifth schematic structural view of a supporting structure crossing an active fault tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 10-first support; 11-a first conduit; 12-a second conduit; 13-concrete; 20-second supporting; 21-a first anchor rod; 30-third supporting; 31-a second anchor; 40-a cavity; 50-maintenance channel; 200-inside the tunnel; 210-excavating contour lines; 300-outer surrounding rock; x-the direction of the dislocation; a-a region of lesser displacement; b-a mid-displacement zone; c-a region of greater displacement.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or may be internal to both elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a supporting structure for crossing an active fault tunnel, including a first support 10 and a second support 20, where the first support 10 includes a first pipeline 11 disposed along a longitudinal direction of the tunnel and a second pipeline 12 sleeved outside the first pipeline 11, concrete 13 is filled between the first pipeline 11 and the second pipeline 12, the second support 20 includes a plurality of first anchor rods 21 radially disposed along a radial direction of the tunnel, one end of each first anchor rod 21 is fixedly connected to the second pipeline 12, and the other end extends to an outer surrounding rock 300, and a cavity 40 is preset between the second pipeline 12 and an excavation contour line 210 of the tunnel along the radial direction of the tunnel. The supporting structure of the cross-active fault tunnel has the capability of well resisting fault creep and dislocation damage, and can effectively avoid damage of fault creep to the whole tunnel.
It should be noted that, firstly, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the first support 10 includes a first pipeline 11 and a second pipeline 12, the first pipeline 11 and the second pipeline 12 are both arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the second pipeline 12 is sleeved outside the first pipeline 11. The inner wall surface of the first pipeline 11 is arranged along the clearance of the tunnel, in other words, the inside of the first pipeline 11 is the inside 200 of the tunnel, and concrete 13 is filled between the outer wall surface of the first pipeline 11 and the inner wall surface of the second pipeline 12, so that the first pipeline 11 and the second pipeline 12 form a stable and firm supporting structure through the concrete 13, thereby improving the overall compression resistance, bending resistance, shock resistance and impermeability of the tunnel, and improving the bearing capacity of the overall tunnel when the external surrounding rock 300 collapses on a small scale.
Secondly, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the second support 20 includes a plurality of first anchor rods 21, the plurality of first anchor rods 21 are all radially arranged along the tunnel, and the plurality of first anchor rods 21 are radially arranged, one end of the first anchor rod 21 is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the second pipeline 12, and the other end extends to the outer surrounding rock 300, so that the first support 10 and the second support 20 are mutually matched to jointly play a role of suspending and fixing the whole tunnel.
In the actual construction process, a person skilled in the art should be able to determine whether the first anchor rod 21 is in a tensioned state or a compressed state according to the fault creep direction, and if the first anchor rod 21 is in a tensioned state, an anchor rod with high tensile strength is selected, and if the first anchor rod 21 is in a compressed state, a yielding anchor rod is selected. In addition, basic parameters such as rod body strength and spacing of the first anchor rods 21 are selected according to the relation between the surrounding rock stress and the surrounding rock deformation. When the fault creeps and slips, the position, stress and form of the whole tunnel are controlled to be basically unchanged by the automatic extension and retraction of the first anchor rod 21, so that the self-adaptive effect of the whole tunnel and the external surrounding rock 300 is achieved, and the stability of the whole tunnel is further ensured.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, the extending direction of the first anchor rod 21 may be perpendicular to the outer wall surface of the second pipeline 12, or, as shown in fig. 2, the extending direction of the first anchor rod 21 may further determine the force characteristic of the first anchor rod 21 according to the direction and the speed of the fault dislocation, and the angle of the first anchor rod 21 driven into the external surrounding rock 300 does not pass through the center of the tunnel, in other words, the extending direction of the first anchor rod 21 may also not be perpendicular to the outer wall surface of the second pipeline 12, and is selected only according to the optimal force angle of the first anchor rod 21.
Thirdly, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, along the radial direction of the tunnel, a cavity 40 is preset between the outer wall surface of the second pipeline 12 and the excavation contour line 210 of the tunnel, so as to reserve a moving space of relative displacement between the whole tunnel and the external surrounding rock 300 under the condition of fault creep and dislocation through the cavity 40, thereby ensuring that the position, stress and form of the whole tunnel can be basically kept unchanged no matter how the external surrounding rock 300 slowly moves (the dislocation direction x of the external surrounding rock 300 is horizontal to the left in fig. 3), reducing the influence on the whole tunnel, further enabling the supporting structure of the cross-active fault tunnel to have the capability of well resisting the fault creep and dislocation damage, and effectively avoiding the damage of the fault creep to the whole tunnel.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 3, the radius of the cavity 40 along the radial direction of the tunnel may be reasonably selected and designed according to the creep direction, the creep speed and the design and maintenance age of the fault, and is not particularly limited herein. In addition, as shown in fig. 4, along the axial direction of the tunnel, the radius of the cavity 40 can be determined in a segmented manner according to the displacement mode of the active fault, that is, the rock mass is partitioned into a small displacement area a, a middle displacement area b and a large displacement area c according to the displacement mode of the active fault, then the radius of the expanded cavity 40 is determined in a segmented manner, and the economic cost is controlled by adopting a progressive excavation manner.
As described above, the supporting structure across the active fault tunnel comprises the first support 10 and the second support 20, the first support 10 comprises the first pipeline 11 arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and the second pipeline 12 sleeved outside the first pipeline 11, and the concrete 13 is filled between the first pipeline 11 and the second pipeline 12, so that the first pipeline 11 and the second pipeline 12 form a stable and firm supporting structure through the concrete 13, and the overall pressure resistance, bending resistance, earthquake resistance and impermeability of the tunnel are improved. The second support 20 comprises a plurality of first anchor rods 21 radially arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel, one end of each first anchor rod 21 is fixedly connected with the second pipeline 12, and the other end of each first anchor rod 21 extends to the outer surrounding rock 300, so that the first support 10 and the second support 20 are matched with each other to jointly play a role of suspending and fixing the whole tunnel. The cavity 40 is preset between the excavation contour line 210 of the radial second pipeline 12 of the tunnel and the tunnel, so that a moving space of relative displacement is reserved between the whole tunnel and the external surrounding rock 300 under the condition of fault creep and dislocation through the cavity 40, the situation that the external surrounding rock 300 slowly moves is guaranteed, the position, stress and form of the whole tunnel can be basically kept unchanged, the supporting structure of the cross-active fault tunnel has the capability of well resisting fault creep and dislocation damage, and the damage of the fault creep to the whole tunnel can be effectively avoided.
In this embodiment, the first bolt 21 comprises a negative poisson's ratio bolt and/or a grouted yielding bolt. As can be seen from the foregoing, if the first anchor rod 21 is in a tensioned state, an anchor rod with a strong tensile strength is selected, and for example, the first anchor rod 21 is a negative poisson's ratio anchor rod; if the first anchor rod 21 is in a pressed state, a yielding anchor rod is selected, and exemplarily, the first anchor rod 21 is selected from a grouting yielding anchor rod.
It should be noted that, firstly, the Negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) anchor rod will expand laterally when subjected to uniaxial tension, and when the external load exceeds the designed constant resistance, the constant resistance body will generate frictional slip along the inner wall (thread shape) of the constant resistance sleeve to resist the breaking effect of the surrounding rock on the anchor rod due to large deformation, so that the Negative Poisson's Ratio anchor rod has more excellent performances in shearing resistance, impact resistance and energy absorption compared with the common anchor rod.
Secondly, slip casting lets presses the stock include: the anchor head component, the anchor rod body, the base plate, the plug, the yielding sleeve, the spherical nut, the extruding block, the hexagonal nut and the like generate different supporting forces on the surrounding rock through different friction forces generated by the extruding block at different positions in the yielding sleeve, the stress of the surrounding rock is released in the whole process, the supporting effect is achieved, the surrounding rock is slowly deformed, and the deformation is in a controlled range.
In this embodiment, the cavity 40 is filled with a flexible material (not shown). Illustratively, the flexible material is foam concrete, so that the foam concrete has the characteristic of high compression ratio, and the energy is absorbed while a moving space is reserved.
It should be noted that the foam concrete, also called as bubble concrete, is a novel light thermal insulation material containing a large number of closed air holes formed by mechanically fully foaming a foaming agent through a foaming system of a foaming machine, uniformly mixing the foam with cement slurry, then performing cast-in-place construction or mold forming through a pumping system of the foaming machine, and performing natural curing. The foam concrete is a lightweight, heat-preserving, heat-insulating, fire-resistant, sound-insulating and frost-resistant concrete material, slurry can be automatically leveled and self-compacted, construction workability is good, pumping and leveling are convenient, the foam concrete is almost compatible with other building materials, and strength is adjustable.
Referring to fig. 5 again, in this embodiment, the supporting structure across the active fault tunnel further includes a third support 30, where the third support 30 includes a plurality of second anchor rods 31 radially disposed along the tunnel radial direction, the second anchor rods 31 and the first anchor rods 21 are arranged in a staggered manner, one end of each of the second anchor rods 31 is fixed to the excavation contour line 210 of the tunnel, and the other end of each of the second anchor rods 31 extends to the outer surrounding rock 300.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 5, this supporting construction across active fault tunnel still includes the third and struts 30, and the third is strutted 30 and is included a plurality of second stock 31, and a plurality of second stock 31 all radially set up along the tunnel, and a plurality of second stock 31 are radially arranged, and second stock 31 is crisscross with first stock 21 and arranges to avoid taking place to interfere between second stock 31 and the first stock 21, the excavation contour line 210 in tunnel is fixed in to the one end of second stock 31, the other end stretches to outside country rock 300.
In the actual construction process, a constructor firstly measures and places the position of the second anchor rod 31, then drills a hole on the excavation contour line 210 of the tunnel, then drives the second anchor rod 31 into the external surrounding rock 300 along the direction perpendicular to the excavation contour line 210 of the tunnel, and then performs grouting and sealing. The third support 30 can be adapted to the ground stress, and allows a certain deformation under the premise of ensuring that the external surrounding rock 300 is not damaged, thereby improving the self-stability and safety of the external surrounding rock 300 during tunnel excavation and operation, and avoiding larger-scale collapse of the external surrounding rock 300.
In summary, the supporting structure of the cross-active fault tunnel regards the tunnel as a whole, the rigidity of the whole tunnel is improved through the first supports 10 formed by the first pipelines 11, the concrete 13 and the second pipelines 12, and the whole tunnel is connected with the external surrounding rock 300 through the second supports 20 formed by the first anchor rods 21, so that the whole tunnel is kept in a stable stressed state, the cavity 40 is reserved between the whole tunnel and the external surrounding rock 300, so that the position, stress and form of the whole tunnel are basically kept unchanged, the external surrounding rock 300 is reinforced by the third support 30 formed by the second anchor rods 31, the external surrounding rock 300 is safe and stable under the action of fault creep, therefore, the tunnel and the surrounding rock are regarded as a larger whole, the capability of resisting fault creep and dislocation damage is improved, and the damage of the fault creep to the whole tunnel can be effectively avoided.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the extending direction of the second anchor 31 is perpendicular to the excavation outline 210 of the tunnel. Illustratively, in the present embodiment, the second anchor 31 is a negative poisson's ratio anchor.
In order to further enhance the firmness of the first support 10, in the present embodiment, the first pipe 11 and the second pipe 12 are made of steel, so that the first pipe 11, the concrete 13 and the second pipe 12 can form the first support 10 with very high rigidity, so as to ensure the integrity of the tunnel structure in the case of the fault creep.
As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, a plurality of access passages 50 are provided on the first support 10, the access passages 50 are all arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and any access passage 50 sequentially penetrates through the first pipeline 11, the concrete 13 and the second pipeline 12 along the radial direction of the tunnel, so as to facilitate the periodic inspection and maintenance of the support structure through the reserved access passage 50.
The application also provides a tunnel lining structure. The tunnel lining structure provided by the embodiment comprises the support structure crossing the active fault tunnel. Since the structure and advantageous effects of the supporting structure crossing the active fault tunnel have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, no further description is provided herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a supporting construction across active fault tunnel, its characterized in that includes that first support and second are strutted, first support including along the tunnel vertical first pipeline that sets up and the second pipeline of cover locating outside the first pipeline, the first pipeline with it has the concrete to fill between the second pipeline, the second is strutted including radially being a plurality of first stock that set up along the tunnel, the one end of first stock with second pipeline fixed connection, the other end stretch to outside country rock, along the tunnel radial preset the cavity between the excavation outline line in second pipeline and tunnel.
2. The support structure across an active fault tunnel of claim 1, wherein the first bolt comprises a negative poisson's ratio bolt and/or a grout let bolt.
3. The shoring structure across an active fault tunnel of claim 1, wherein the cavity is filled with a flexible material.
4. The support structure across an active fault tunnel of claim 3, wherein the flexible material is foam concrete.
5. The support structure across an active fault tunnel according to claim 1, further comprising a third support, wherein the third support comprises a plurality of second anchor rods radially arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel, the second anchor rods and the first anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode, one end of each second anchor rod is fixed to an excavation contour line of the tunnel, and the other end of each second anchor rod extends to the outer surrounding rock.
6. The support structure across an active fault tunnel of claim 5, wherein the direction of extension of the second anchor is perpendicular to the excavation outline of the tunnel.
7. The support structure across an active fault tunnel of claim 5, wherein the second anchor is a negative Poisson ratio anchor.
8. The support structure across an active fault tunnel of claim 1, wherein the first and second pipes are both steel.
9. The support structure across an active fault tunnel according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of service passages are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the service passages sequentially penetrate through the first pipeline, the concrete and the second pipeline in the radial direction of the tunnel.
10. A tunnel lining structure comprising a supporting structure across an active fault tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11771183B2 (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2023-10-03 | Joon Bu Park | Negative Poisson's ratio materials for fasteners |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11771183B2 (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2023-10-03 | Joon Bu Park | Negative Poisson's ratio materials for fasteners |
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