CN213032128U - Oil fume purification device - Google Patents

Oil fume purification device Download PDF

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CN213032128U
CN213032128U CN202020518745.8U CN202020518745U CN213032128U CN 213032128 U CN213032128 U CN 213032128U CN 202020518745 U CN202020518745 U CN 202020518745U CN 213032128 U CN213032128 U CN 213032128U
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adsorption
air
air box
integrated module
fan
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孙任辉
李伯东
唐金库
高崧
孙少凡
陈发旺
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718th Research Institute of CSIC
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718th Research Institute of CSIC
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Abstract

The utility model discloses an oil smoke purifier, include: the device comprises an air inlet pipe, a fan, an air outlet pipe, a power supply connector, an air box, a filter screen, an adsorption and catalysis integrated module and an electric heating element; the air box is a shell with an opening at the front end, the air inlet pipe is a frustum-shaped pipe body, the periphery of the small end of the air inlet pipe is attached to the end part of the front end of the air box, and the large end of the air inlet pipe is used for feeding air into the air box; more than one clamping groove A and more than one clamping groove B are arranged on the inner wall surface of the air box; each layer of filter screen is detachably arranged in the air box through a clamping groove A, and each layer of adsorption and catalysis integrated module is arranged in the air box through a clamping groove B; an electric heating element is fixed on the outer surface of the adsorption and catalysis integrated module; the electric heating element is electrically connected with the power connector; the fan is fixed on the inner wall surface of the closed end of the air box, and the closed end of the air box is provided with a radiating hole; the fan is electrically connected with the power supply connector; the side wall of the air box is provided with a through hole for installing an air outlet pipe, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with an outlet of the fan, and the other end of the air outlet pipe faces the outside of the air box.

Description

Oil fume purification device
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an air purification technical field, concretely relates to oil smoke purifier.
Background
In the process of cooking food, edible oil and food are subjected to a series of chemical reactions such as oxidation, cracking and polymerization at high temperature, a large amount of organic smoke is evaporated, the smoke mainly comprises aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, ester, aromatic compounds, heterocyclic compounds and the like, most of the smoke exists in a gas-state and liquid-state mixture, many components of the smoke have toxicity to human bodies, and the substances diffuse indoors, so that the cooking experience is reduced, the indoor pollutants exceed the standard, and the physical and psychological health of a cooker is seriously harmed.
At present, the oil fume purification mainly comprises particle purification, low-boiling-point volatile pollutant purification and CO purification. The main means for particulate matter purification are separation, filtration, adsorption, electrostatic and plasma methods. The treatment of low boiling point volatile pollutant and CO is mainly characterized by adopting additional catalytic combustion unit. The current commercial device is generally coupled with electrostatic deposition and adsorption treatment for realizing the air-low emission technical method of the oil fume. CN103900132A discloses a compound type oil smoke purifier with coupling function, in which oil smoke passes through an electrostatic trapping unit and a catalytic unit in sequence to achieve the purpose of purifying oil smoke. However, after long-term use, oil stains are deposited on the surface of the electrode to form an oil film layer, which hinders electric field discharge, and the electrode is not easy to clean and regenerate, and the treatment capability is greatly reduced. CN201920089616.9 discloses a square oil smoke purifier, which adopts activated carbon adsorption and electrostatic separation to treat oil smoke, but the activated carbon has a certain capacity, the electrostatic separation electrode is easily polluted, and the removal efficiency is obviously reduced after long-term use.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the utility model provides an oil smoke purifier can overcome current oil smoke purifier and need multiple treatment technical coupling, adsorption section easily to receive the pollution, be difficult for regeneration, treatment effect unstability and treatment capacity low grade problem, realizes that simple structure, adsorption section are difficult for receiving the pollution, are easy to regenerate, treatment effect is stable and treatment capacity high effect.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: an oil fume purification device, comprising: the device comprises an air inlet pipe, a fan, an air outlet pipe, a power supply connector, an air box, a filter screen, an adsorption and catalysis integrated module and an electric heating element;
the air box is a shell with an opening at one end, the opening end is a front end, the closed end is a rear end, the air inlet pipe is a frustum-shaped pipe body, the periphery of the small end of the air inlet pipe is attached to the end part of the front end of the air box, and the large end of the air inlet pipe is used for introducing air into the air box;
more than one clamping groove A and more than one clamping groove B are arranged on the inner wall surface of the air box, and the clamping grooves A and the clamping grooves B are C-shaped grooves and are parallel to each other; each layer of filter screen is detachably arranged in the air box through a clamping groove A, and each layer of adsorption and catalysis integrated module is arranged in the air box through a clamping groove B; the filter screens are positioned in front of the adsorption and catalysis integrated module, the filter screens are used for filtering and intercepting particles with the particle size larger than a set value in the oil smoke, and the adsorption and catalysis integrated module is used for adsorbing and catalytically decomposing the oil smoke;
an electric heating element is fixed on the outer surface of the adsorption and catalysis integrated module and can provide an environment temperature of 200-400 ℃ for the adsorption and catalysis integrated module; wherein the adsorption-catalysis integrated module comprises: the catalyst comprises a carrier and a catalyst bonded on the carrier through an adhesive; the electric heating element is electrically connected with the power connector;
the fan is fixed on the inner wall surface of the closed end of the air box, and the closed end of the air box is provided with a radiating hole for radiating heat of the fan; the fan is electrically connected with the power supply connector;
the side wall of the air box is provided with a through hole for installing an air outlet pipe, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with an outlet of the fan, and the other end of the air outlet pipe faces the outside of the air box and is used for discharging purified mixed gas.
Preferably, the wind box includes: the device comprises an outer shell, support legs and an inner shell; the outer shell and the inner shell are both shells with one open end, the inner shell is sleeved in the outer shell, and the closed ends of the outer shell and the inner shell are positioned at the same end; the size of the outer shell in the front-back direction is larger than that of the inner shell in the front-back direction, and the periphery of the small end of the air inlet pipe is attached to the end parts of the front ends of the inner shell and the outer shell; the support legs are arranged on the outer wall surface of the inner shell and used for supporting the outer shell on the inner shell; and a heat preservation cavity is formed among the inner shell, the outer shell and the air inlet pipe, and heat preservation materials are filled in the heat preservation cavity and are used for heat preservation of the inner shell and heat insulation and scalding prevention of the outer shell.
Preferably, one end of the power connector is arranged in the power box, and the other end of the power connector extends out of the shell.
Preferably, the power supply box is mounted on the outer wall surface of the closed end of the inner shell.
Preferably, the fan is a centrifugal fan and is located between the air outlet pipe and the adsorption and catalysis integrated module.
Preferably, the filter screen is a stainless steel filter screen or a nickel screen or an aluminum screen or a glass fiber filter screen, the aperture of the mesh is 0.1-0.8mm, and the thickness of the mesh is 1-20 mm.
Preferably, the carrier in the adsorption and catalysis integrated module is wall-flow honeycomb ceramic, the thickness of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic along the front-back direction is not less than a set value, more than two square cylindrical thin-wall blind holes are densely distributed on the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic, the opening directions of adjacent blind holes are opposite, and the hole axes of all the blind holes are parallel to each other and all along the front-back direction; more than two small holes with the aperture smaller than the set size are arranged on the thin wall between the adjacent blind holes to form a porous thin wall; the oil smoke flowing into the blind holes at the front end of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic flows out of the adjacent blind holes through the porous thin wall; wherein, the porous thin wall can intercept the oil smoke granule that is greater than the settlement size.
Preferably, the carrier in the adsorption and catalysis integrated module is made of foamed ceramics; the thickness of the foamed ceramic along the front-back direction is not less than a set value, and the pore diameter of the foam pores is within a set range.
Preferably, the catalyst in the adsorption and catalysis integrated module is one or more of simple substances of platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, silver and ruthenium, the mass fraction of the catalyst in the adsorption and catalysis integrated module is 0.1-1%, and the adhesive between the catalyst and the carrier is activated alumina or molecular sieve or cerium dioxide or water glass or bentonite, so that the adsorption and catalysis integrated module can be thermally regenerated by raising the temperature after being used for 100-150 hours; wherein the regeneration temperature is 400-700 ℃.
Preferably, the catalyst in the adsorption-catalysis integrated module adopts more than one of CuOx, MnOx, CoOx and CeOx, and accounts for 0.1-5% of the mass of the adsorption-catalysis integrated module; the adhesive between the catalyst and the carrier adopts a ZSM-5 molecular sieve; the adsorption and catalysis integrated module can be used for 48-96 hours and then is thermally regenerated by raising the temperature; wherein the regeneration temperature is 400-700 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the utility model discloses an adsorb catalysis integration module, realize catalytic purification when realizing that the oil smoke is absorbent in the temperature field, be applicable to the oil smoke purification scheduling problem that produces in kitchen oil smoke purification and the inside culinary art in-process of oven.
(2) The utility model discloses with power connection one end restraint in the power pack, the shell is stretched out to the other end, when being favorable to protecting power connection's circuit safety, the external power supply of being convenient for uses.
(3) The utility model discloses an bellows is provided with hollow tank wall as the heat preservation cavity, sets up the heat preservation in it, is favorable to inside heat preservation box outside to insulate against heat to prevent scalding.
(4) The utility model discloses install the power pack between shell and inner shell, can enough protect the power pack can not expose in the outside and cause the potential safety hazard, can avoid power pack and processing unit to all be in again because processing unit is overheated and cause danger in the inner shell.
(5) The utility model discloses a thickness of filter screen and mesh aperture are the setting value, are favorable to too big granule material in the oil smoke.
(6) The utility model discloses a concrete of carrier is provided with in the absorption catalysis integration module does benefit to the oil smoke of adsorbing and filtering setting for size.
(7) The utility model discloses a concrete being provided with of catalyst in the absorption catalysis integration module does benefit to the catalysis oil smoke and makes its fast generation carbon dioxide and steam, realizes the purpose of purifying the oil smoke.
(8) The utility model provides an adsorb catalysis integration module can carry out thermal regeneration to can used repeatedly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the oil smoke purifying device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention, (a) a first viewing angle and (b) a second viewing angle.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic of the present invention, (a) a three-dimensional perspective view, (b) a front view, and (c) an a-a sectional view.
The air purifier comprises a power supply connector, an air inlet pipe, a fan outlet pipe, a heat dissipation hole, a power connector, a shell, a filter screen, a clamping groove A, a clamping groove B, an adsorption and catalysis integrated module, an electric heating element, a power box, a screw, a power line, a supporting leg and an inner shell, wherein the air inlet pipe is 1-an air inlet pipe, the fan is 2-the air outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe is 3-the heat dissipation hole is 4-the power connector.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an oil smoke purifier, can overcome current oil smoke purifier and need multiple treatment technical coupling, the adsorption stage easily receives the pollution, be difficult for regeneration, treatment effect unstability and treatment capacity low grade problem, realizes simple structure, the adsorption stage is difficult for receiving the pollution, easily regeneration, treatment effect is stable and treatment capacity height effect.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the oily fume purification device includes: the air inlet pipe 1, the fan 2, the air outlet pipe 3, the power connector 5, the outer shell 6, the filter screen 7, the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10, the electric heating element 11, the support legs 15 and the inner shell 16.
The connection relationship of the oil fume purification device is as follows: the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 16 are both shells with one open end, the inner shell 16 is sleeved in the outer shell 6, and the closed ends of the two shells are at the same end; the opening end is a front end, the closed end is a rear end, the size of the outer shell 6 along the front-back direction is larger than that of the inner shell 16 along the front-back direction, the air inlet pipe 1 is a frustum-shaped pipe body, the periphery of the small end of the air inlet pipe is tightly attached to the end parts of the front ends of the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 16 respectively, and the large end of the air inlet pipe is used for introducing air into the inner shell 16 (the air inlet direction is from front to back); the outer wall surface of the inner shell 16 is provided with more than two support legs 15 for supporting the outer shell 6 on the inner shell 16; a heat preservation cavity is formed among the inner shell 16, the outer shell 6 and the air inlet pipe 1, and heat preservation materials (such as heat preservation cotton) are filled in the heat preservation cavity and are used for heat preservation of the inner shell 16 and heat insulation and scald prevention of the outer shell 6;
more than one clamping groove A8 and more than one clamping groove B9 are arranged on the inner wall surface of the inner shell 16, and the clamping grooves A8 and the clamping grooves B9 are C-shaped grooves and are parallel to each other; the filter screen 7 is detachably mounted in the inner shell 16 through a clamping groove A8 (a layer of filter screen 7 is mounted in each clamping groove A8), and the adsorption-catalysis integrated module 10 is mounted in the inner shell 16 through a clamping groove B9 (a layer of adsorption-catalysis integrated module 10 is mounted in each clamping groove B9); the clamping grooves A8 are all positioned in front of the clamping grooves B9 (the filter screens 7 are all positioned in front of the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10), and the filter screens 7 are used for filtering and intercepting particles with the particle size larger than a set value (such as 5 microns) in the oil smoke and preventing the particles with the particle size larger than the set value from entering the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10; the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10 is used for adsorbing and catalytically decomposing oil smoke;
the electric heating elements 11 are fixed on the circumferential outer surface of the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10 to form a processing unit, the electric heating elements 11 are used for heating the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10, can provide an environment temperature of 200-400 ℃ for the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10, and are beneficial to the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10 to carry out catalytic decomposition on oil smoke; wherein, the adsorption-catalysis integration module 10 includes: the catalyst is stably adhered to the outer surface of the carrier through an adhesive, and the adhesive also has the effect of promoting the dispersion of the catalyst; the electric heating element 11 is connected with the power supply connector 5 through a power cord 14, one end of the power supply connector 5 is arranged in the power supply box 12 (the power supply box 12 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the closed end of the inner shell 16), and the other end of the power supply connector 5 extends out of the outer shell 6, so that the electric heating element can be conveniently connected with an external power supply for use;
the fan 2 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall surface of the closed end of the inner shell 16 through a screw 13, and the closed end of the outer shell 6 is provided with heat dissipation holes 4 in an array manner at positions corresponding to the fan 2, so that the fan 2 is prevented from being overheated in the working process; the fan 2 is electrically connected with the power connector 5; the fan 2 is preferably a centrifugal fan which is positioned between the air outlet pipe 3 and the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10, and is beneficial to purifying the oil smoke through the whole device;
coaxial through holes are respectively formed in the side walls of the inner shell 16 and the outer shell 6 and used for installing the air outlet pipe 3, one end of the air outlet pipe 3 is connected with an outlet of the fan 2, and the other end of the air outlet pipe faces the outside of the outer shell 6 and is used for discharging purified mixed gas.
The working principle of the oil fume purification device is as follows: the fan 2 is electrified to work, oil smoke firstly enters the inner shell 16 from the air inlet pipe 1 under the suction action of the fan 2, is filtered by the filter screen 7 and removes oil smoke particles with the particle size larger than the set particle size, and then is adsorbed and catalytically decomposed by the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10, and the oil smoke particles are intercepted on the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10 and are catalytically decomposed into carbon dioxide and water vapor in situ; the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor is discharged out of the purification device through the air outlet 3.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the filter screen 7 adopts a stainless steel filter screen, a nickel screen, an aluminum screen, a glass fiber filter screen and the like, and the aperture of the mesh of the filter screen is 0.1-0.8mm, preferably 0.1 mm; its thickness is 1-20mm, preferably 10 mm; the thickness and the mesh aperture of filter screen 7 all can play better interception effect to great particulate matter when being preferred, and then are favorable to purifying the oil smoke.
Example 3:
on the basis of the embodiment 1 or 2, as shown in fig. 3, the carrier in the adsorption-catalysis integrated module 10 adopts wall-flow honeycomb ceramic or foamed ceramic; when the carrier adopts wall-flow honeycomb ceramic (mostly seen in a diesel engine tail gas purification device), the thickness of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic along the front-back direction is not less than 30mm, preferably 50mm, more than two square column-shaped thin-wall blind holes are densely distributed on the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic, the opening directions of the adjacent blind holes are opposite, and the hole axes of all the blind holes are parallel to each other and are along the front-back direction of the purification device; the thin wall between the adjacent blind holes is provided with more than two small holes (porous thin walls) with the aperture smaller than the set size, and the oil smoke flowing into the blind holes at the front end of the wall-flow type honeycomb ceramic must flow out of the adjacent blind holes through the porous thin walls; wherein, the porous thin wall is a main filtering unit, can agglomerate, adsorb and separate oil fume particles with the size smaller than a set value, and can effectively intercept particles with the size of more than 0.3 mu m; the cross section size of the square column-shaped thin-wall blind hole is 50-400 meshes, and preferably 100 meshes.
When the support is a ceramic foam, it has a thickness of 20mm in the front-rear direction and a cell diameter of 5 to 60ppi, preferably 40 ppi.
Example 4:
on the basis of embodiment 1, 2 or 3, the catalyst in the adsorption-catalysis integrated module 10 is one or more of simple substance platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, silver and ruthenium, preferably simple substance platinum; in this case, the mass fraction of the catalyst in the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10 is 0.1 to 1%, preferably 0.2%; the adhesive between the catalyst and the carrier adopts active alumina or molecular sieve or cerium dioxide or water glass or bentonite and the like; the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10 can be used for 150 hours and then thermally regenerated by raising the temperature, thereby realizing multiple times of cyclic use, wherein the regeneration temperature is 400-700 ℃.
Example 5:
based on the embodiment 1, 2 or 3, the catalyst in the adsorption-catalysis integrated module 10 adopts one of CuOx, MnOx, CoOx and CeOxThe mass fraction of the catalyst in the adsorption-catalysis integrated module 10 is 0.1-5%, wherein the subscript x is a subscript corresponding to an oxide generated by a variable valence metal element; e.g. CuO and MnO2According to the following steps: 3 as a catalyst, wherein the catalyst accounts for 4% of the mass of the adsorption-catalysis integrated module 10; ZSM-5 molecular sieve is adopted as the adhesive between the catalyst and the carrier; the adsorption and catalysis integrated module 10 can be used for 48-96 hours and then thermally regenerated by raising the temperature, so that the repeated cyclic use is realized, and the regeneration temperature is 400-700 ℃.
In summary, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An oil fume purification device, characterized by comprising: the device comprises an air inlet pipe (1), a fan (2), an air outlet pipe (3), a power supply connector (5), an air box, a filter screen (7), an adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10) and an electric heating element (11);
the air box is a shell with an opening at one end, the opening end is the front end, the closed end is the rear end, the air inlet pipe (1) is a frustum-shaped pipe body, the periphery of the small end of the air inlet pipe is attached to the end part of the front end of the air box, and the large end of the air inlet pipe is used for supplying air into the air box;
more than one clamping groove A (8) and more than one clamping groove B (9) are arranged on the inner wall surface of the air box, and the clamping grooves A (8) and the clamping grooves B (9) are C-shaped grooves and are parallel to each other; each layer of filter screen (7) is detachably arranged in the air box through a clamping groove A (8), and each layer of adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10) is arranged in the air box through a clamping groove B (9); the filter screens (7) are positioned in front of the adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10), the filter screens (7) are used for filtering and intercepting particulate matters with the particle size larger than a set value in the oil smoke, and the adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10) is used for adsorbing and catalytically decomposing the oil smoke;
an electric heating element (11) is fixed on the outer surface of the adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10) and can provide an environment temperature of 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ for the adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10); wherein the adsorption-catalysis integrated module (10) comprises: the catalyst comprises a carrier and a catalyst bonded on the carrier through an adhesive; the electric heating element (11) is electrically connected with the power supply connector (5);
the fan (2) is fixed on the inner wall surface of the closed end of the air box, and the closed end of the air box is provided with a radiating hole (4) for radiating the fan (2); the fan (2) is electrically connected with the power connector (5);
the side wall of the air box is provided with a through hole for installing the air outlet pipe (3), one end of the air outlet pipe (3) is connected with an outlet of the fan (2), and the other end of the air outlet pipe faces the outside of the air box and is used for discharging purified mixed gas.
2. The lampblack purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said air box includes: an outer shell (6), support legs (15) and an inner shell (16); the outer shell (6) and the inner shell (16) are both shells with one open end, the inner shell (16) is sleeved in the outer shell (6), and the closed ends of the outer shell and the inner shell are positioned at the same end; the size of the outer shell (6) in the front-back direction is larger than that of the inner shell (16) in the front-back direction, and the periphery of the small end of the air inlet pipe (1) is attached to the end parts of the front ends of the inner shell (16) and the outer shell (6); the supporting feet (15) are arranged on the outer wall surface of the inner shell (16) and used for supporting the outer shell (6) on the inner shell (16); a heat preservation cavity is formed among the inner shell (16), the outer shell (6) and the air inlet pipe (1), and heat preservation materials are filled in the heat preservation cavity and used for heat preservation of the inner shell (16) and heat insulation and scalding prevention of the outer shell (6).
3. The lampblack purification device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said power connector (5) is arranged in the power box (12) at one end and protrudes outside the housing (6) at the other end.
4. The lampblack purification device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said power pack (12) is mounted on the outer wall surface of the closed end of the inner shell (16).
5. The fume purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan (2) is a centrifugal fan, which is located between the air outlet pipe (3) and the adsorption-catalysis integrated module (10).
6. The lampblack purification device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the filter screen (7) is a stainless steel filter screen or a nickel screen or an aluminum screen or a glass fiber filter screen, the aperture of the mesh is 0.1-0.8mm, and the thickness is 1-20 mm.
7. The lampblack purification device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the carrier in the adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10) is wall-flow honeycomb ceramic, the thickness of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic along the front and back direction is not less than 30mm, more than two square column-shaped thin-wall blind holes are densely distributed on the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic, the opening directions of the adjacent blind holes are opposite, and the hole axes of all the blind holes are parallel to each other and are along the front and back direction; more than two small holes with the aperture smaller than the set size are arranged on the thin wall between the adjacent blind holes to form a porous thin wall; the oil smoke flowing into the blind holes at the front end of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic flows out of the adjacent blind holes through the porous thin wall; wherein, the porous thin wall can intercept the oil smoke granule that is greater than the settlement size.
8. The lampblack purification device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the carrier in the adsorption and catalysis integrated module (10) is made of foamed ceramic; the thickness of the foamed ceramic along the front-back direction is 20mm, and the pore diameter of the cells is within a set range.
CN202020518745.8U 2020-03-19 2020-04-10 Oil fume purification device Active CN213032128U (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202020346190 2020-03-19
CN2020203461903 2020-03-19

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN213032128U true CN213032128U (en) 2021-04-23

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CN202020518745.8U Active CN213032128U (en) 2020-03-19 2020-04-10 Oil fume purification device

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Country Link
CN (1) CN213032128U (en)

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