CN213019644U - Solid waste pyrolysis device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a solid waste handles technical field, provides a solid waste pyrolysis device, including pyrolysis oxidation unit. The pyrolytic oxidation device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism. The pyrolysis furnace comprises a pyrolysis chamber and an oxidation chamber, the feeding mechanism is connected to the feeding end of the pyrolysis chamber, and the discharging mechanism is connected to the discharging end of the pyrolysis chamber. The utility model provides a solid waste pyrolysis device, wherein, the feeding mechanism sends the supplied materials into the pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis, the pyrolysis process is divided into two stages, the first stage is pyrolysis in the anoxic/oxygen-limited state, and a large amount of pyrolysis gas is generated, such as carbon monoxide, methane, etc.; the second stage is high-efficient oxidation stage, and the pyrolysis gas that the pyrolysis chamber produced gets into in the oxidation chamber to being lighted the burning, can constantly carrying out the energy supply to the solid waste in the pyrolysis chamber, finally, the lime-ash that forms passes through discharge mechanism and discharges to the outside.

Description

Solid waste pyrolysis device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a solid waste handles technical field, especially provides a solid waste pyrolysis device.

Background

The garbage pyrolysis is a garbage disposal means widely adopted at present, and the garbage incineration pyrolysis disposal proportion reaches 65-80% in countries with scarcity of cultivated land. However, the existing garbage incineration pyrolysis treatment device has the following defects:

firstly, the existing garbage pyrolysis method is easy to generate pyrolysis blockage. Due to the blockage in the pyrolysis process, not only are maintenance and operation costs increased, but also the pyrolysis state is changed, the control of inhibiting the generation of dioxin at the front section of the incineration process is influenced, the difficulty and the cost of subsequent treatment of the dioxin are increased, and the possibility of secondary pollution caused by the subsequent purification and removal of dioxin-like substances in flue gas is increased;

secondly, the process flow and the mechanism unit of the existing pyrolysis device extend transversely, and gaseous substances such as moisture, smoke and the like generated in the garbage pyrolysis process and easy to rise are moved transversely by a high-power induced draft fan to enter the next treatment, especially the hot gas generated by the preliminary pyrolysis of organic matters easy to generate dioxin, so that the secondary combustion further treatment energy consumption is high, the treatment is difficult to be sufficient, and the pyrolysis effect for preventing the generation of the dioxin is not ideal; and the mechanism units extend transversely, so that the occupied area is large and the one-time investment is large.

Therefore, the problem of high energy consumption in the pyrolysis process of the conventional garbage pyrolysis device needs to be solved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a solid waste pyrolysis device aims at solving the problem that current rubbish pyrolysis device pyrolysis process energy consumption is high.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a solid waste pyrolysis device, includes the pyrolytic oxidation device, the pyrolytic oxidation device includes pyrolysis oven, feed mechanism and discharge mechanism, the pyrolysis oven including be used for the low temperature fever solid waste's of bringing down the pyrolysis cavity and with the pyrolysis cavity is linked together and realizes the oxidation cavity that gas circulation flows, feed mechanism connect in the pan feeding end of pyrolysis cavity, discharge mechanism connect in the discharge end of pyrolysis cavity.

The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model provides a solid waste pyrolysis device, wherein, utilize the pyrolysis oxidation device to carry out the pyrolysis to solid waste, the pyrolysis oven of pyrolysis oxidation device has the pyrolysis cavity and the oxidation cavity of mutual intercommunication. When the feeding mechanism sends the supplied materials into the pyrolysis chamber, the solid waste is sequentially divided into a drying layer, a thermal decomposition layer, a reduction layer, an oxidation layer and an ash layer from top to bottom in the pyrolysis chamber, the drying layer is close to the feeding end, the ash layer is close to the discharging end, after one-time heat-assisted starting is carried out in the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis chamber carries out pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste continuously under the self-sufficient condition of heat energy. Wherein, the pyrolysis process is divided into two stages, the first stage is pyrolysis in an anoxic/oxygen-limited state, the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃, and a large amount of pyrolysis gas such as carbon monoxide, methane and the like is generated; the second stage is high-efficient oxidation stage, and the pyrolysis gas that the pyrolysis chamber produced gets into in the oxidation chamber to being lighted the burning, the temperature in this stage is at 700 to 1000 degrees centigrade, can constantly supply energy to the solid waste gas thing in the pyrolysis chamber, and through all pollutant decompositions transformation carbon dioxide and water, finally, the lime-ash that forms passes through discharge mechanism and discharges to outside. In conclusion, the whole pyrolysis process only supplies heat in the initial stage, and compared with the traditional pyrolysis process, the energy consumption is lower.

In one embodiment, the pyrolytic oxidation apparatus further comprises an ash buffer chamber arranged adjacent to the pyrolysis furnace, and the output end of the discharging mechanism extends into the ash buffer chamber.

In one embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis device further comprises a waste water evaporator, a flue gas heat exchange cooling device and a wet electrostatic purification device which are sequentially communicated, and an air inlet of the waste water evaporator, which is far away from the flue gas heat exchange cooling device, is communicated with the oxidation chamber.

In one embodiment, the flue gas heat exchange cooling device comprises a cooling chamber and a primary spray assembly arranged in the cooling chamber.

In one embodiment, the wet electrostatic purification device comprises a purification chamber, a discharge assembly and a secondary spray assembly, wherein the discharge assembly and the secondary spray assembly are arranged in the purification chamber.

In one embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis device further comprises a catalytic device, and an air inlet end and an air outlet end of the catalytic device are respectively communicated with an air outlet of the waste water evaporator and an air inlet of the flue gas heat exchange cooling device.

In one embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis device comprises a smoke exhaust device, and the gas outlet end of the wet electrostatic purification device is communicated with the gas inlet end of the smoke exhaust device.

In one embodiment, the fume extractor comprises a chimney communicated with the wet electrostatic purification device and an induced draft fan used for supplying energy to the chimney.

In one embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis apparatus includes a primary feed device and a first conveyor belt, the primary feed device feeding the feed mechanism through the first conveyor belt.

In one embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis device further comprises a secondary feeding device, wherein the secondary feeding device comprises a second conveying belt for conveying incoming solid waste, a crushing device for crushing the solid waste on the second conveying belt, and a third conveying belt for conveying the solid waste at the crushing device to the primary feeding device.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pyrolysis oxidation apparatus of a solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of a solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas heat exchange cooling device of a solid waste pyrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wet electrostatic purification apparatus of a solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary feeding device and a secondary feeding device of the solid waste pyrolysis device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, in the figures, the respective reference numerals:

the device comprises a pyrolysis oxidation device 10, a pyrolysis furnace 11, a feeding mechanism 12, a discharging mechanism 13, a pyrolysis chamber 11a, an oxidation chamber 11b, an ash buffer chamber 14, a wastewater evaporator 20, a flue gas heat exchange cooling device 30, a wet electrostatic purification device 40, a cooling chamber 31, a primary spray assembly 32, a purification chamber 41, a discharge assembly 42, a secondary spray assembly 43, a wet electric frame 421, a cathode discharge wire 422, an anode pipe 423, a catalytic device 50, a smoke exhaust device 60, a chimney 61, a draught fan 62, a primary feeding device 71, a first conveying belt 72, a storage hopper 711, a screw feeder 712, a secondary feeding device 80, a second conveying belt 81, a crushing device 82 and a third conveying belt 83.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1, the solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of the present application includes a pyrolysis oxidation apparatus 10. The pyrolytic oxidation device 10 comprises a pyrolysis furnace 11, a feeding mechanism 12 and a discharging mechanism 13, wherein the pyrolysis furnace 11 comprises a pyrolysis chamber 11a for low-temperature antipyretic solid waste and an oxidation chamber 11b communicated with the pyrolysis chamber 11a to realize gas circulation flow, the feeding mechanism 12 is connected to a feeding end of the pyrolysis chamber 11a, and the discharging mechanism 13 is connected to a discharging end of the pyrolysis chamber 11 a. Here, the feeding mechanism 12 and the discharging mechanism 13 are both fed by a screw manner, similar to a screw conveyor.

The utility model provides a solid waste pyrolysis device, wherein, utilize pyrolytic oxidation device 10 to carry out the pyrolysis to solid waste, pyrolytic oxidation device 10's pyrolysis oven 11 has the pyrolysis chamber 11a and the oxidation chamber 11b of intercommunication each other. When the feeding mechanism 12 feeds the incoming material into the pyrolysis chamber 11a, the solid waste is sequentially divided into a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer, a reduction layer, an oxidation layer and an ash layer from top to bottom in the pyrolysis chamber 11a, the drying layer is close to the feeding end, and the ash layer is close to the discharging end.

The ash slag layer is a glowing powdery solid left after being completely oxidized, the solid powder of the ash slag layer is a mixture of the ash content of the garbage and a small amount of inorganic salt which is synthesized into a stable inorganic salt after being burned at high temperature, and the mixture is discharged out of the furnace after exchanging heat with air and can be used as a fertilizer, a building material brick making raw material or harmless landfill treatment. Therefore, not only the waste heat is utilized to the maximum extent, but also the waste is recycled. The oxide layer is pretreated to limit air to enter from the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber 11a, the air exchanges heat with hot ash when passing through the ash layer, the air enters the oxide layer to perform oxidation reaction with hot carbon to generate carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and release a large amount of heat energy simultaneously, energy is provided for the pyrolysis, gasification and drying of the whole garbage, and oxygen is basically completely consumed. The temperature of the oxide layer can reach 600-900 ℃, and the heat carrier rises layer by layer. Carbon and a small amount of impurities are oxidized and combusted at high temperature to become ash. In the reduction layer, the main products thereof are carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. The oxidation layer basically consumes oxygen in the air, so the solid waste of the layer is in an anoxic state, the reaction of the layer uses high-temperature flue gas provided by the oxidation layer as energy, and the temperature of a reduction zone is also gradually reduced from bottom to top to 800-400 ℃ because the reduction reaction is an endothermic reaction. After the dry garbage on the drying layer falls to the thermal decomposition layer, the dry garbage is heated by high-temperature smoke rising from the oxidation layer to generate cracking reaction, the cracking reaction is endothermic reaction, the high-temperature smoke rising from the oxidation layer is used as energy condition of the reaction, the cracking reaction is carried out under the condition of oxygen deficiency, and long-chain macromolecules are cracked into short-chain micromolecule gas and simple substance carbon, wherein the main cracking products comprise: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, tars and other carbon hydrocarbons. The micromolecular gas as a pyrolysis product and high-temperature energy rises to the drying layer to provide energy required by drying for the drying layer, and the simple substance carbon as a pyrolysis product falls into the oxidation layer and the reduction layer. Since this layer is a heat absorbing layer, the temperature from bottom to top is gradually lowered. The drying layer is mainly used for heating and drying the material in the layer by using high-temperature pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis, so that moisture in the material in the layer is evaporated, the material added into the furnace is changed into dry garbage from wet garbage in the layer, a part of volatile matters are decomposed and volatilized, and the evaporated water vapor and volatile matters are conveyed into the oxidation chamber 11b along with the pyrolysis gas. The temperature of the dried layer is generally 250 to 100 ℃.

After a heat-assisted start-up in the pyrolysis chamber 11a, the pyrolysis chamber 11a continuously pyrolyzes and gasifies the solid waste gas with self-sufficient heat energy. Wherein, the pyrolysis process is divided into two stages, the first stage is pyrolysis in an anoxic/oxygen-limited state, the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃, and a large amount of pyrolysis gas such as carbon monoxide, methane and the like is generated; the second stage is a high-efficiency oxidation stage, the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis chamber 11a enters the oxidation chamber 11b and is ignited and combusted, the temperature of the second stage is 700-1000 ℃, the solid waste gas in the pyrolysis chamber 11a can be continuously supplied with energy, all pollutants are decomposed and converted into carbon dioxide and water, and finally, formed ash is discharged to the outside through the discharging mechanism 13. In conclusion, the whole pyrolysis process only supplies heat in the initial stage, and compared with the traditional pyrolysis process, the energy consumption is lower.

Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment, the thermal oxidation apparatus 10 further includes a ash buffer 14 disposed adjacent to the pyrolysis furnace 11, and the output end of the discharging mechanism 13 extends into the ash buffer 14. It will be appreciated that when the ash reaches the upper storage limit, the discharge mechanism 13 transfers the ash into the ash buffer chamber 14 for temporary storage. In order to prevent ash from flying, the ash buffer chamber 14 is a completely closed space.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in an embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis apparatus further includes a waste water evaporator 20, a flue gas heat exchange cooling device 30, and a wet electrostatic cleaning device 40, wherein an air inlet of the waste water evaporator 20, which is far away from the flue gas heat exchange cooling device 30, is connected to the oxidation chamber 11 b. As can be appreciated, pyrolysis of solid waste produces a large amount of off-gas that must be cleaned before being discharged. Therefore, the exhaust gas is sequentially cooled and purified by the waste water evaporator 20, the flue gas heat exchange cooling device 30 and the wet electrostatic purification device 40. Wherein, the waste water evaporator 20 is a sleeve structure, the inner pipe circulates the tail gas, and the outer pipe circulates the waste water. Because carry a large amount of heats in the tail gas, carry out the heat exchange with waste water and realize the cooling, waste gas then is heated and can be evaporated, and the residue that waste water evaporimeter 20 produced can be come out to go into pyrolysis furnace 11 along with rubbish through manual clearance and carry out the pyrolysis treatment, and the waste heat of pyrolysis rubbish exhaust can obtain make full use of like this and can realize waste water zero release again. The temperature of the tail gas flowing out of the waste water evaporator 20 is also high, and secondary cooling needs to be performed through the flue gas heat exchange cooling device 30. Finally, the off-gas is thoroughly purified in the wet electrostatic purification device 40.

Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the flue gas heat exchange cooling device 30 includes a cooling chamber 31 and a primary spray assembly 32 disposed in the cooling chamber 31. Understandably, under the combined action of the liquid heat exchange effect of the cooling cavity 31 and the primary spraying assembly 32, the secondary cooling is performed on the tail gas, and meanwhile, the primary purification is performed on the tail gas, most of smoke dust in the tail gas is removed, and the burden of post-process purifying equipment is reduced.

Referring to fig. 5, in one embodiment, the wet electrostatic cleaning device 40 includes a cleaning chamber 41, a discharge assembly 42 disposed in the cleaning chamber 41, and a secondary spray assembly 43. It is understood that the discharge assembly 42 includes a wet electric frame 421, cathode discharge lines 422 disposed on the wet electric frame 421, and anode tubes 423 disposed around the corresponding cathode discharge lines 422, such that a potential difference is formed between the cathode discharge lines 422 and the anode tubes 423, thereby adsorbing the charged dusts in the exhaust gas. Meanwhile, the secondary spraying assembly 43 performs secondary purification on the tail gas, and further removes smoke dust in the tail gas.

Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the pyrolysis oxidation apparatus 10, the waste water evaporator 20, the flue gas heat exchange cooling apparatus 30 and the wet electrostatic purification apparatus 40 are arranged in a line. Is suitable for places with larger space. Of course, according to actual requirements, other arrangement modes can be adopted, for example, the devices are arranged in an L shape or a 'return' shape, the whole structure is compact, and the device is suitable for places with small space.

Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis apparatus further includes a catalytic device 50, and an air inlet end and an air outlet end of the catalytic device 50 are respectively communicated with an air outlet of the waste water evaporator and an air inlet of the flue gas heat exchange cooling device 30. It will be appreciated that the catalytic device 50 is internally disposed on a support on which a catalytic coating is applied, for example, made using noble metals (Pt, Pd and Au) as active components. Thus, the catalyst has good catalytic oxidation effect on benzene, ketone, ester, phenol, aldehyde, alcohol, ether, hydrocarbon, CO and the like in the waste gas.

Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis apparatus includes a smoke exhaust device 60, and an air outlet of the wet electrostatic cleaning device 40 is connected to an air inlet of the smoke exhaust device 60. It is understood that the smoke exhaust device 60 exhausts the tail gas at the outlet end of the wet electrostatic purification device 40 to the outside, i.e. provides transmission power for the tail gas.

Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the smoke exhausting device 60 includes a chimney 61 connected to the wet electrostatic cleaning device 40 and an induced draft fan 62 for supplying power to the chimney 61. It is understood that the induced draft fan 62 is used as a power source, and the stack 61 performs re-settling on the purified exhaust gas.

Referring to fig. 2 and 6, in one embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis apparatus includes a primary feeding device 71 and a first conveyor belt 72, and the primary feeding device 71 feeds the feeding mechanism 12 through the first conveyor belt 72. It can be understood that the primary feeding device 71 includes a storage hopper 711 and a screw feeder 712 disposed in the storage hopper 711, a discharge hole is opened at a bottom end portion of the storage hopper 711, and the first conveyor belt 72 is disposed below the discharge hole. Thus, the pulverized solid waste is collectively fed into the storage hopper 711, discharged from the discharge port, and transferred to the feeding mechanism 12 via the first transfer belt 72.

Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment, the solid waste pyrolysis apparatus further includes a secondary feeding device 80, and the secondary feeding device 80 includes a second conveyor belt 81 for conveying incoming solid waste, a crushing device 82 for crushing the solid waste on the second conveyor belt 81, and a third conveyor belt 83 for conveying the solid waste at the crushing device 82 to the primary feeding device 71. It will be appreciated that the second conveyor 81 conveys the collected solid waste to a crusher 82 for crushing, and the crushed solid waste is then conveyed to a feeder 83 for collective feeding.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A solid waste pyrolysis device is characterized in that: including pyrolytic oxidation device, pyrolytic oxidation device includes pyrolysis oven, feed mechanism and discharge mechanism, the pyrolysis oven including be used for the low temperature fever solid waste's of bringing down pyrolysis cavity and with the pyrolysis cavity is linked together the oxidation cavity that realizes the gas circulation and flows, feed mechanism connect in the pan feeding end of pyrolysis cavity, discharge mechanism connect in the discharge end of pyrolysis cavity.

2. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the pyrolysis oxidation device further comprises an ash buffer chamber arranged adjacent to the pyrolysis furnace, and the output end of the discharging mechanism extends into the ash buffer chamber.

3. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the solid waste pyrolysis device further comprises a waste water evaporator, a flue gas heat exchange cooling device and a wet type electrostatic purification device which are sequentially communicated, wherein the waste water evaporator is far away from an air inlet of the flue gas heat exchange cooling device and is communicated with the oxidation chamber.

4. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the flue gas heat exchange cooling device comprises a cooling cavity and a primary spraying assembly arranged in the cooling cavity.

5. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the wet electrostatic purification device comprises a purification cavity, a discharge assembly and a secondary spray assembly, wherein the discharge assembly and the secondary spray assembly are arranged in the purification cavity.

6. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the solid waste pyrolysis device further comprises a catalytic device, and the gas inlet end and the gas outlet end of the catalytic device are respectively communicated with the gas outlet of the waste water evaporator and the gas inlet of the flue gas heat exchange cooling device.

7. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the solid waste pyrolysis device comprises a smoke exhaust device, and the air outlet end of the wet electrostatic purification device is communicated with the air inlet end of the smoke exhaust device.

8. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 7, wherein: fume extractor including communicate in wet-type electrostatic purification device's chimney and be used for to the draught fan of chimney energy supply.

9. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the solid waste pyrolysis device comprises a first-stage feeding device and a first conveying belt, and the first-stage feeding device supplies materials to the feeding mechanism through the first conveying belt.

10. The solid waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 9, wherein: the solid waste pyrolysis device also comprises a second-stage feeding device, wherein the second-stage feeding device comprises a second conveying belt for conveying incoming solid waste, a crushing device for crushing the solid waste on the second conveying belt, and a third conveying belt for conveying the solid waste at the crushing device to the first-stage feeding device.

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