CN212925249U

CN212925249U - Preparation system of biodegradable polyester composite short fibers

Info

Publication number: CN212925249U
Application number: CN202021593947.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 浦金龙; 陶冶
Original assignee: JIANGSU JIANGNAN HIGH POLYMER FIBER CO Ltd
Current assignee: JIANGSU JIANGNAN HIGH POLYMER FIBER CO Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-04
Filing date: 2020-08-04
Publication date: 2021-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation system of biodegradable polyester composite short fibers, wherein an outlet of a storage bin is connected with a melting screw, the outlet of the melting screw is connected with one inlet of a screw extruder through a first metering pump, a first conveying pipeline is connected with the other inlet of the screw extruder through a second metering pump, a vacuum system is used for vacuumizing the screw extruder, the outlet of the screw extruder is connected with one inlet of a composite spinning box body through a static mixer, and a second conveying pipeline is connected with the other inlet of the composite spinning box body. The utility model provides a biodegradable polyester composite staple fiber preparation system is applicable to and adopts direct spinning technology, and the PET PLA blend that will react obtains the composite staple fiber that possesses biodegradable ability with biodegradable low melting point copolyester percutaneous core formula or block form composite spinning.

Description

Preparation system of biodegradable polyester composite short fibers

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a biodegradable polyester composite short fiber preparation system belongs to weaving technical field.

Background

Aromatic polyesters represented by PET are widely used in chemical fiber and packaging industries due to their excellent chemical stability, good mechanical and hygienic properties, transparency, and the like. The composite fiber produced by adopting the direct spinning method has the advantages of low energy consumption, low polymer thermal degradation and capability of maintaining the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber to a greater extent, so that the composite fiber is already put into production operation.

The PET composite fiber is widely applied to the field of non-woven fabric disposability as a hot-melt adhesive material, wherein the disposability refers to products which are difficult to repeatedly use, such as human body sanitary products, wiping cloth, facial masks, agricultural soilless culture base cloth and the like, and the products become wastes after being used, are difficult to recycle and have high recycling cost. Therefore, at the present stage, the use of biodegradable polyester materials is very realistic.

The biodegradation of biodegradable high molecular materials is usually carried out by the participation of microorganisms or the direct action of enzymes, and the microorganisms secrete enzymes or enzymes to attack active polymerization sites in the high molecular material structure. The essence of the biodegradation process of the high molecular material is a hydrolysis process, the hydrolysis reaction of the high molecular material can change the structure of a high molecular chain, for example, ester groups of polyester are broken into small molecules and become small chain segments, and the small molecule chain segments are further broken into small molecule scattered fragments along with the reaction, so that inorganic products are finally formed and participate in the circulation of carbon elements in the nature, and the degradation process is completed.

Aliphatic polyester has very good biodegradability, but has relatively low molecular weight, relatively poor thermal stability and very low fiber forming performance; the melting point is generally lower than 120 ℃, a chain extender is generally needed to improve the molecular weight so as to improve the service performance, particularly the physical and mechanical properties, and the melt spinning is difficult to prepare fibers under the unmodified state.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable high molecular polymer, has good mechanical properties and physical properties, and is suitable for various processing methods such as extrusion, injection molding, film drawing, spinning and the like. It is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, health, pharmacy, agriculture, packaging industry, textile and clothing industry, automobile decoration and the like, and can replace a large amount of traditional high polymer materials. The product is from industry to civilian use, and relates to plastic products, packaged foods, non-woven fabrics, industrial and civil textile fabrics, agricultural fabrics, health care fabrics, rags, disposable high-grade sanitary products, outdoor ultraviolet-proof fabrics, tent cloth, ground mats and the like. The preparation of the fiber of the polylactic acid and the copolymer thereof can be realized by solution dry spinning and melt spinning, but the solution spinning process is complex, the solvent is generally toxic and the recovery is difficult. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple and easy operation of melt spinning.

The existing spinning system can not directly obtain the biodegradable polyester composite short fiber.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation system of biodegradable polyester composite short fibers.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a biodegradable polyester composite short fiber preparation system, includes feed bin, melting screw rod, first measuring pump, screw extruder, second measuring pump, vacuum system, static mixer, compound spinning box, first pipeline, second pipeline, the export of feed bin inserts melting screw rod, and the melting screw rod export is through an entry linkage of first measuring pump with screw extruder, and another entry linkage of second measuring pump with screw extruder is passed through to first pipeline, and vacuum system is used for the screw extruder evacuation, and an entry linkage of static mixer and compound spinning box is passed through to the export of screw extruder, and another entry linkage of second pipeline and compound spinning box.

Preferably, the screw extruder is a planetary blending screw extruder.

Preferably, the silo is a gaugeable silo.

Has the advantages that:

if aliphatic polyester and aromatic polyester are copolymerized, ideal biodegradable material with good physical and mechanical properties can be obtained, and in the field of fiber manufacturing, similar technology is adopted to obtain melt-spinnable degradable polyester fiber, but the relative cost is higher; the physical blending method is already used in the field of injection molding of polyester alloy, and the effect of biodegradability is not obvious because simple physical blending does not achieve better mixing on a molecular level, and if a compatilizer is adopted to perform reactive blending of ester exchange on two polyesters, the biodegradability effectiveness of PET can be solved to a certain extent; the polylactic acid with excellent spinnability and the PET with relatively low cost and excellent physical and mechanical properties are adopted for reactive blending to obtain the biodegradable PET/PLA which has the advantages of both PET and PLA, is very valuable to be explored, and has significance for realizing industrial production.

The low-melting-point polymer fiber mainly has the effects of replacing the traditional 'glue-spraying cotton' chemical solvent type adhesive, and carrying out hot melt adhesion on the short fiber three-dimensional nonwoven fabric, so that the aggregate of macro single fibers becomes the macro nonwoven fabric; the advantages are that: the toxicity of chemical solvents to human bodies and the negative influence on the environment are avoided; the defect of high solvent recovery cost is avoided; the bonding fastness is greatly improved; greatly improves the flexibility of the non-woven fabric and the tearing strength and the dimensional stability of the non-woven fabric. Low melting polymer fibers and PET/PLA blends.

The utility model provides a biodegradable polyester composite staple fiber preparation system is applicable to and adopts direct spinning technology, and the PET PLA blend that will react obtains the composite staple fiber that possesses biodegradable ability with biodegradable low melting point copolyester percutaneous core formula or block form composite spinning.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biodegradable polyester composite short fiber preparation system of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A preparation method of biodegradable polyester composite short fiber, spinning grade polylactic acid PLA adopts American NatureWorks 6201D spinning grade particles, the melting point is 180 ℃, the drying is carried out for 24 hours under the temperature condition of 90 ℃, then the polylactic acid enters a measurable bin 1 with nitrogen protection, according to the blending proportion, the polylactic acid enters a melting screw 2 from the measurable bin, the highest heating temperature is not more than 185 ℃, the polylactic acid is conveyed to a planetary blending screw extruder 4 by a first metering pump 3 after being molten, the polylactic acid adopts a German Gnouss MSR type, the blending surface area is 3 times of that of a double-screw kneader, the updating efficiency of the blending area is increased by 25 times, and small molecules generated in the reaction process can be discharged by a vacuum system 6; the PET melt with the titanium catalyst is conveyed from a final polycondensation kettle to a planetary blending screw extruder 4 through a first conveying pipeline 9 by a second metering pump 5, the intrinsic viscosity of the PET melt is 0.64-0.68 dl/g, the melting point is 262 ℃, the organic/inorganic hybrid nano titanium catalyst can adopt bis (hydrogen lactic acid) titanium (IV) dihydroxide, the blending process plays a role of a compatilizer for ester exchange reactivity blending, and the effective titanium element consumption is 20-35 ppm of the PET melt. According to different proportions of PLA and PET, the maximum temperature of the planetary blending screw extruder 4 is not more than 280 ℃, and the maximum vacuum pressure is 70 Pa. The extrusion pressure is more than 15MPa, preferably 10-12 MPa; the reacted and blended PET/PLA blend melt (component B) passes through a temperature-adjustable static mixer 7, the temperature is adjusted to 160-190 ℃ and enters a composite spinning component of a composite spinning manifold 8; meanwhile, biodegradable low-melting-point copolyester (component A) is conveyed to a composite spinning box body 8 from a final polycondensation kettle through a second pipeline 10, enters a composite spinning assembly, is combined with the core material layer to be blended into a melt to form a sheath-core composite nascent fiber, and then is subjected to bundling, stretching, oiling, curling, heat setting and cutting, wherein the synthetic sheath layer is biodegradable low-melting-point copolyester, and the core layer is biodegradable composite short fiber of a PET/PLA reactive blend.

The blending temperature of the planetary blending screw extruder is set to be 260 ℃, the vacuum pressure is 70Pa, the using amount of effective titanium elements is 30 ppm of PET melt, the temperatures of the PET/PLA blend and the component A are adjusted to be 180 ℃, and the PET/PLA blend and the component A enter a composite spinning component of a composite spinning manifold, and the melt mass ratio of a skin layer to a core layer is 50: 50.

the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a biodegradable polyester composite short fiber preparation system, includes feed bin, melting screw rod, first measuring pump, screw extruder, second measuring pump, vacuum system, static mixer, compound spinning box, first pipeline, second pipeline, the export of feed bin inserts melting screw rod, and the melting screw rod export is through an entry linkage of first measuring pump with screw extruder, and another entry linkage of second measuring pump with screw extruder is passed through to first pipeline, and vacuum system is used for the screw extruder evacuation, and an entry linkage of static mixer and compound spinning box is passed through to the export of screw extruder, and another entry linkage of second pipeline and compound spinning box.

2. The system for preparing biodegradable polyester composite staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the screw extruder is a planetary blending screw extruder.

3. The system for preparing biodegradable polyester composite staple fiber according to claim 2, wherein: the silo is a measurable silo.