CN212924622U - Radial-flow type efficient sedimentation device with medium inlet and peripheral outlet - Google Patents
Radial-flow type efficient sedimentation device with medium inlet and peripheral outlet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN212924622U CN212924622U CN202020722953.XU CN202020722953U CN212924622U CN 212924622 U CN212924622 U CN 212924622U CN 202020722953 U CN202020722953 U CN 202020722953U CN 212924622 U CN212924622 U CN 212924622U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- flow
- water
- radial
- flocculation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a radial-flow efficient sedimentation device with middle inlet and periphery outlet, which comprises a mixing zone (1), a flocculation zone (2), a transition zone (3), a sedimentation zone (4), a central steady flow cylinder (10), a water collecting tank (13), a reflux sludge pump (16) and a sludge discharge pipe (17); the mixing zone is externally connected with a water inlet pipe (6), the water outlet of the mixing zone is connected with the water inlet of the flocculation zone, and the flocculation zone is communicated with a central flow stabilizing cylinder arranged in the middle of the sedimentation zone through a transition zone; the water collecting tank is arranged along the circumferential direction of the settling zone and is externally connected with a water outlet pipe (15), so that the central steady flow cylinder and the water collecting tank form a radial flow type flow state with middle inlet and periphery outlet; one end of the return sludge pump is communicated with the bottom of the settling zone through a return pipeline, the other end of the return sludge pump is communicated with a water outlet of the mixing zone through a return pipeline, and the sludge discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the settling zone. The utility model discloses can effectively improve the homogeneity and the stability of settling zone water distribution among the high-efficient device that deposits, save the medicine and consume, improve the matter and increase the efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a water treatment facility especially relates to a well high-efficient sediment device of radial flow formula that advances week and go out.
Background
The coagulation sedimentation process is a mature water treatment technology, is commonly used in sewage treatment plants and water supply plants, and is represented by a traditional flocculation sedimentation tank and a high-efficiency sedimentation tank. However, compared with the flocculation sedimentation tank, the high-efficiency sedimentation tank has more advantages in saving land occupation, and is widely applied to pretreatment or advanced treatment processes of urban sewage treatment plants in recent years.
The high-efficiency sedimentation facility in the prior art often has the phenomenon of uneven and short flow in the aspect of water distribution in the sedimentation area, the inclined plate (pipe) close to the transition area has high utilization rate, and the inclined plate (pipe) far away from the transition area has low utilization rate, so that the inclined plate (pipe) area can not be utilized to a greater extent during mud-water separation, the medicine consumption is higher, and the effluent water quality effect is unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the utility model is to provide a well high-efficient device that deposits of radial-flow formula of going out in week can effectively improve the homogeneity and the stability of settling zone water distribution in the high-efficient device that deposits, saves the medicine and consumes, improves the matter and increases effects.
The utility model discloses a realize like this:
a radial-flow efficient sedimentation device with middle inlet and peripheral outlet comprises a mixing zone, a flocculation zone, a transition zone, a sedimentation zone, a central steady flow cylinder, a water collecting tank, a reflux sludge pump and a sludge discharge pipe; the water inlet of the mixing zone is externally connected with a water inlet pipe, the water outlet of the mixing zone is connected with the water inlet of the flocculation zone through a pipeline, and the flocculation zone is communicated with a central flow stabilizing cylinder arranged in the middle of the sedimentation zone through a transition zone and a pipeline; the water collecting tank is arranged at the top of the settling zone along the circumferential direction of the settling zone and is externally connected with the water outlet pipe, so that the central flow stabilizing cylinder and the water collecting tank form a radial flow state with middle inlet and periphery outlet; one end of the return sludge pump is communicated with the bottom of the settling zone through a return pipeline, the other end of the return sludge pump is communicated with a water outlet of the mixing zone through a return pipeline, and the sludge discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the settling zone.
The central flow stabilizing cylinder comprises an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve and a bell mouth, the inner sleeve is coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve, the bell mouth is of a horn-shaped structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part and is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the inner sleeve, and the bell mouth is positioned below the outer sleeve.
The lower part of the horn mouth of the central steady flow cylinder is provided with a reflecting plate, and the upper end of the reflecting plate is of an inclined plane structure with a high middle part and a low edge.
The water inlet pipe is provided with a pipeline mixer.
And a mixing stirrer is arranged in the mixing area.
The flocculation area is provided with a flocculation stirrer and a guide cylinder, and a stirring rod of the flocculation stirrer is inserted into the guide cylinder.
The return sludge pump is arranged in the equipment area, and a manhole is arranged in the equipment area.
The radial-flow efficient precipitation device is a steel concrete combined structure.
The radial-flow efficient precipitation device is of a steel integrated structure.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, following beneficial effect has:
1. the utility model discloses owing to set up a central stationary flow section of thick bamboo and reflecting plate at the middle part of settling zone, the coupling effect through a central stationary flow section of thick bamboo and reflecting plate can change the rivers direction, reduces the impact of rivers to lower part mud layer to the water catch bowl that cooperation upper portion circumference was arranged has wholly formed the radial flow formula flow state that well income week goes out, has effectively improved settling zone water distribution homogeneity and stability, can strengthen the coagulating sedimentation effect, saves the medicine and consumes, promotes out water quality of water.
2. The utility model discloses owing to set up the pipe-line mixer on the inlet tube in mixing area, form the synergism with mixing area, can strengthen mixing area's coagulation effect to can reduce mixing area's energy consumption and coagulant medicine consumption.
3. The utility model discloses a high-efficient facility of deposiing more is fit for throwing technology coupling with the magnetic and forms the magnetism and thoughtlessly congeal the technology, can further improve the play water effect that the magnetism thoughtlessly congeals.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a well radial-flow state of going into all around effectively improves the homogeneity and the stability of settling zone water distribution in the high-efficient device that deposits, strengthens the coagulating sedimentation effect simultaneously, reduces energy consumption and medicine consumption to promote out water quality of water, be applicable to among fields such as sewage treatment or running water treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a radial-flow type efficient settling device for the middle inlet and outlet of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the radial-flow type high-efficiency sedimentation device in the present invention.
In the figure, 1 mixing zone, 2 flocculation zone, 3 transition zone, 4 sedimentation zone, 5 equipment zone, 6 water inlet pipe, 7 mixing stirrer, 8 flocculation stirrer, 9 draft tube, 10 central flow stabilizing tube, 101 inner sleeve, 102 outer sleeve, 103 horn mouth, 11 reflecting plate, 12 sloping plate, 13 water collecting tank, 14 mud scraper, 15 water outlet pipe, 16 return sludge pump, 17 mud discharge pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Referring to the attached drawings 1 and 2, a radial-flow efficient sedimentation device with middle inlet and peripheral outlet comprises a mixing zone 1, a flocculation zone 2, a transition zone 3, a sedimentation zone 4, a central steady flow cylinder 10, a water collecting tank 13, a return sludge pump 16 and a sludge discharge pipe 17; the top of the mixing zone 1 is provided with a water inlet and is externally connected with a water inlet pipe 6 through the water inlet, the front end of the water inlet and a coagulant are conveyed into the mixing zone 1 through the water inlet pipe 6, a coagulation liquid containing a large amount of alum flocs is formed in the mixing zone 1, the bottom of the mixing zone 1 is provided with a water outlet, the bottom of the flocculation zone 2 is provided with a water inlet, the water outlet of the mixing zone 1 is connected with the water inlet of the flocculation zone 2 through a pipeline, the coagulation liquid in the mixing zone 1 is conveyed into the flocculation zone 2, a flocculating agent is added into the flocculation zone 2, and the coagulation liquid is fully flocculated with the flocculating agent in the flocculation zone 2 to form; the top of the flocculation area 2 is provided with a water through hole and is communicated with the transition area 3 through the water through hole, a flocculation liquid enters the transition area 3 through the water through hole, the bottom of the transition area 3 is provided with a water outlet and is communicated with a central flow stabilizing cylinder 10 arranged in the middle of the sedimentation area 4 through a pipeline through the water outlet, a central shaft of a mud scraper 14 coaxially penetrates through the central flow stabilizing cylinder 10 and extends to the bottom of the sedimentation area 4, so that the flocculation liquid enters the central flow stabilizing cylinder 10 in the middle of the sedimentation area 4 through the pipeline and is stably and uniformly distributed through the central flow stabilizing cylinder 10; the water collecting tank 13 is arranged at the top of the settling zone 4 along the circumferential direction of the settling zone 4 and is externally connected with a water outlet pipe 15, so that the central steady flow cylinder 10 and the water collecting tank 13 form a radial flow type flow state of entering and exiting from the center and the periphery, flocculation liquid in the settling zone 4 is subjected to mud-water separation through an inclined plate 12 or an inclined pipe, supernatant liquid after mud-water separation is discharged through the water collecting tank 13 and is externally connected with the water outlet pipe 15, and the inclined plate 12 is arranged below the water collecting tank 13; one end of the return sludge pump 16 is communicated with the bottom of the settling zone 4 through a return pipeline, the other end of the return sludge pump 16 is communicated with the water outlet of the mixing zone 1 through a return pipeline, a sludge discharge pipe 17 is connected to the bottom of the settling zone 4, and the sludge discharge pipe 17 is used for discharging sludge at the bottom. Preferably, the return sludge pump 16 can adopt a screw pump in the prior art, and the sludge return ratio can be adjusted, so that the effects of enhancing coagulation and saving medicine consumption are further achieved.
The central flow stabilizing cylinder 10 comprises an inner sleeve 101, an outer sleeve 102 and a bell mouth 103, wherein the inner sleeve 101 is coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve 102, the bell mouth 103 is in a horn-shaped structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part and is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the inner sleeve 101, and the bell mouth 103 is positioned below the outer sleeve 102; the stability of water inflow and the uniformity of water distribution can be effectively improved through the gaps inside the inner sleeve 101 and between the inner sleeve 101 and the outer sleeve 102, and the central flow stabilizing cylinder 10 distributes water uniformly to the periphery through the bell mouth 103.
The lower part of the bell mouth 103 of the central flow stabilizing cylinder 10 is provided with a reflecting plate 11, the reflecting plate 11 can be arranged on a central shaft of the mud scraper 14, and the upper end of the reflecting plate 11 is of an inclined plane structure with a high middle part and a low edge, as shown by the arrow direction in the attached figure 2, so that the flocculating solution flowing downwards in the bell mouth 103 is reflected by the inclined plane structure of the reflecting plate 11 and then evenly distributed around, thereby changing the direction of water flow and greatly reducing the impact of the water flow on the lower mud layer.
The water inlet pipe 6 is provided with a pipeline mixer (not shown in the figure), which can be used for quickly and fully mixing inlet water and a coagulant and then conveying the mixture into the mixing area 1, so that the coagulation effect in the mixing area 1 can be enhanced, and the energy consumption and the coagulant drug consumption of the mixing area 1 can be reduced.
The mixing zone 1 is internally provided with a mixing stirrer 7, preferably, a stirring rod of the mixing stirrer 7 is positioned in the middle of the mixing zone and extends to the middle lower part of the mixing zone 1, so that the rotating speed can be effectively adjusted to further mix the coagulant with the inlet water.
The return sludge pump 16 is arranged in the equipment area 5, a manhole 18 is arranged in the equipment area 5, and the manhole 18 can be positioned on two sides of the mixing area 1, so that daily maintenance and overhaul are facilitated.
Preferably, the radial-flow efficient precipitation device can be coupled with a magnetic powder adding process, so that the coagulating sedimentation effect is further enhanced, and the effluent quality is improved; and adding the magnetic powder into the mixing zone 1.
Preferably, the radial-flow efficient precipitation device can adopt a steel-concrete structure combined facility or steel integrated equipment, and the specific structural style can be selected according to the conditions of water treatment scale, actual requirements and the like.
In actual operation, can select specification, material and the quantity that is used for the pipeline of connecting between each functional area according to the medium flow and the characteristic of actual processing, carry out the connection of conventional mode between each functional area or the equipment through the pipeline of suitable specification and make it realize solid-liquid medium's transport, the utility model discloses no longer describe repeatedly.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation: firstly, inlet water and a coagulant are quickly and fully mixed in a pipeline mixer and then enter a mixing zone 1 through a water inlet pipe 6, a coagulation liquid containing a large amount of alum flocs is formed under the stirring action of a mixing stirrer 7, then the coagulation liquid and return sludge conveyed from the bottom of a settling zone 4 by a return sludge pump 16 are converged and enter a flocculation zone 2, then the coagulation liquid and a flocculant are fully flocculated in a guide flow cylinder 9 under the action of a flocculation stirrer 8 of the flocculation zone 2, and the formed flocculation liquid enters a transition zone 3 through a water through hole and then flows to a central steady flow cylinder 10 arranged in the middle of the settling zone 4 through a pipeline; the flocculating solution in the settling zone 4 is stably and uniformly distributed to the periphery through the coupling effect of the central flow stabilizing cylinder 10 and the reflecting plate 11, then the water is separated from the sludge through the inclined plate 12 or the inclined pipe, the supernatant is collected through the water collecting tank 13 which is circumferentially arranged and then discharged through the water outlet pipe 15, according to the flow regulation of the return sludge pump 16, a part of the sinking sludge flows back to the pipeline of the water outlet of the mixing zone 1 through the return pipeline through the return sludge pump 16, and then flows together with the coagulation liquid into the flocculating zone 2, and the rest part of the sinking sludge can be discharged through the sludge discharge pipe 17.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A radial-flow efficient sedimentation device with medium inlet and peripheral outlet is characterized in that: comprises a mixing zone (1), a flocculation zone (2), a transition zone (3), a sedimentation zone (4), a central steady flow cylinder (10), a water collecting tank (13), a reflux sludge pump (16) and a sludge discharge pipe (17); a water inlet of the mixing zone (1) is externally connected with a water inlet pipe (6), a water outlet of the mixing zone (1) is connected with a water inlet of the flocculation zone (2) through a pipeline, and the flocculation zone (2) is communicated with a central flow stabilizing cylinder (10) arranged in the middle of the sedimentation zone (4) through a transition zone (3) through a pipeline; the water collecting tank (13) is arranged at the top of the settling zone (4) along the circumferential direction of the settling zone (4) and is externally connected with the water outlet pipe (15), so that the central steady flow cylinder (10) and the water collecting tank (13) form a radial flow type flow state with central inlet and peripheral outlet; one end of a return sludge pump (16) is communicated with the bottom of the settling zone (4) through a return pipeline, the other end of the return sludge pump (16) is communicated with a water outlet of the mixing zone (1) through a return pipeline, and a sludge discharge pipe (17) is connected to the bottom of the settling zone (4).
2. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the central flow stabilizing cylinder (10) comprises an inner sleeve (101), an outer sleeve (102) and a bell mouth (103), wherein the inner sleeve (101) is coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve (102), the bell mouth (103) is in a bell-shaped structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part and is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the inner sleeve (101), and the bell mouth (103) is positioned below the outer sleeve (102).
3. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: a reflecting plate (11) is arranged below a horn mouth (103) of the central flow stabilizing cylinder (10), and the upper end of the reflecting plate (11) is of an inclined plane structure with a high middle part and a low edge.
4. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water inlet pipe (6) is provided with a pipeline mixer.
5. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a mixing stirrer (7) is arranged in the mixing area (1).
6. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the flocculation area (2) is internally provided with a flocculation stirrer (8) and a guide cylinder (9), and a stirring rod of the flocculation stirrer (8) is inserted into the guide cylinder (9).
7. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the return sludge pump (16) is arranged in the equipment area (5), and a manhole (18) is arranged in the equipment area (5).
8. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radial-flow efficient precipitation device is a steel concrete combined structure.
9. The radial flow high efficiency settling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radial-flow efficient precipitation device is of a steel integrated structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020722953.XU CN212924622U (en) | 2020-05-06 | 2020-05-06 | Radial-flow type efficient sedimentation device with medium inlet and peripheral outlet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020722953.XU CN212924622U (en) | 2020-05-06 | 2020-05-06 | Radial-flow type efficient sedimentation device with medium inlet and peripheral outlet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN212924622U true CN212924622U (en) | 2021-04-09 |
Family
ID=75314730
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020722953.XU Active CN212924622U (en) | 2020-05-06 | 2020-05-06 | Radial-flow type efficient sedimentation device with medium inlet and peripheral outlet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN212924622U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115159791A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-11 | 中电环保股份有限公司 | Landfill Leachate Treatment System |
-
2020
- 2020-05-06 CN CN202020722953.XU patent/CN212924622U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115159791A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-11 | 中电环保股份有限公司 | Landfill Leachate Treatment System |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN209652027U (en) | A kind of novel plus sand sedimentation basin with spiral stream guidance cylinder | |
| CN100372783C (en) | A method for coagulation and sedimentation treatment of overflow sewage in rainy days | |
| CN208814853U (en) | Quick black smelly water treatment system of the biochemistry pool in conjunction with efficient sedimentation tank | |
| CN206538270U (en) | A kind of flocculation softening plant of waste water of heat-engine plant processing | |
| CN102774962B (en) | A kind of internal circulation hydrolysis reactor and its technology | |
| CN202590444U (en) | Tube-in-tube clarification pool | |
| CN102674640B (en) | Washing bleaching and dyeing wastewater treatment method | |
| CN209853813U (en) | High-density sedimentation tank complete device | |
| CN210133923U (en) | Novel high-efficient sedimentation tank | |
| CN212655629U (en) | Magnetic medium coagulating sedimentation system | |
| CN1247291C (en) | Sleeve type flow speed changing swirling flow composite reactor and high efficiency composite precipitation tank | |
| CN212924622U (en) | Radial-flow type efficient sedimentation device with medium inlet and peripheral outlet | |
| CN207713466U (en) | A kind of electric flocculation high dense settling pond | |
| CN204569652U (en) | The hydrolysis of upflowing precipitation and two-stage AO biochemical treatment system | |
| CN111233282A (en) | Sewage treatment system and treatment process to strengthen the efficient utilization of raw water carbon sources | |
| CN208700836U (en) | A kind of sewage proposes mark modernization system | |
| CN108558128B (en) | Co-flocculation air-float anaerobic bioreactor and method thereof | |
| CN207537198U (en) | A kind of middle potassium permanganate composites | |
| CN202876799U (en) | Internal circulation hydrolysis reactor | |
| CN210915719U (en) | Magnetic powder loading super-efficient separation wastewater treatment system | |
| CN211367234U (en) | A clarification and separation device | |
| CN212655584U (en) | Radial-flow type efficient sedimentation device with circumferential inlet and circumferential outlet | |
| CN206467021U (en) | A kind of rapid sedimentation tank | |
| CN210543519U (en) | High density sedimentation tank integration equipment | |
| CN100342943C (en) | Full Chinese type settling pond |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |