CN212916975U - Resource treatment device for waste solar cell panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a resource treatment device for waste solar cell panels, which comprises a crusher, a storage bin, a resistance furnace, a reaction device, a dust remover, an alkaline washing tower and a coal-fired boiler which are connected in sequence, wherein the furnace bottom of the resistance furnace is connected with a heating dehydration device; the utility model discloses a resistance furnace makes the temperature of material heat up to 1600 ~ 1700 ℃, and organic macromolecular materials such as EVA, TPT in the panel can fully split into CH₄、C₂H₄And CO and other mixed combustible gases can be used as fuel, and energy is recycled; therein, theAt the temperature, valuable metals, nonmetal and oxides thereof in the battery plate are also changed into molten states, and then the valuable metals and nonmetal substances can be obtained by refining and purifying the valuable metals, nonmetal and oxides thereof; the generated waste heat can be used as the reaction condition of some reactions, and the heat energy utilization rate is improved.

Description

Resource treatment device for waste solar cell panel

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a wastes material resourceful treatment technical field especially relates to an abandonment solar cell panel resourceful treatment device.

Background

At present, each layer of components of the crystalline silicon solar cell are mainly bonded together through EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), if effective separation of each component of the solar cell is to be realized, EVA is dissolved or melted and swelled to be a key point of research, an organic solvent is adopted to dissolve EVA, the dissolving efficiency is slow, and polyvinyl fluoride in a back plate material is insoluble in any organic solvent, which brings great difficulty to recycling of the solar cell panel. The solar cell panel is directly burnt, and a large amount of toxic gas released by burning causes secondary pollution, which is not beneficial to environmental protection. The ash after incineration contains a large amount of heavy metals, which not only pollutes the soil, but also causes resource waste.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing an abandonment solar cell panel resourceful treatment device to solve above-mentioned technical problem.

The utility model also provides a resource treatment device for the waste solar cell panel, which comprises a crusher, a storage bin, a resistance furnace, a reaction device, a dust remover, an alkaline tower and a coal-fired boiler which are connected in sequence, wherein the furnace bottom of the resistance furnace is connected with a heating dehydration device;

the crusher is used for crushing the waste solar panels;

the storage bin is used for storing the crushed solar cell panel;

the resistance furnace is used for cracking the organic polymer material in the battery plate at 1600-1700 ℃ under the condition of an anoxic state, and conveying the generated mixed combustible gas to the reaction device and the dust remover for cooling and dust removal;

the alkaline washing tower is used for removing acid gas in the mixed combustible gas after temperature reduction and dust removal treatment, and feeding the purified mixed combustible gas into a coal-fired boiler for afterburning;

the heating dehydration device is used for refining the molten mixture discharged from the bottom of the resistance furnace to obtain metal and non-metal substances; the metal and non-metal substances include Al, Ag, Cu, Si.

Borrow by above-mentioned scheme, through abandonment solar cell panel resourceful treatment device, have following technological effect:

1) the solar cell panel is subjected to high-temperature cracking to generate mixed combustible gas which is used as boiler afterburning, so that coal resources are saved.

2) The process which needs high temperature as reaction condition is combined with the generated high temperature gas, thereby cooling the gas and fully utilizing the heat; the heating dehydration flow in the process can absorb heat from the molten mixture discharged from the furnace bottom, and the heat is fully utilized.

3) Valuable metals and nonmetals in the solar cell panel can be extracted, intermediate reaction products are generated, and economic benefits can be improved.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention clearer and can be implemented according to the content of the description, the following detailed description is made with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process of refining and purifying elemental metal of metal and nonmetal in the resource treatment method of the waste solar cell panel;

fig. 2 is the utility model discloses abandonment solar cell panel resourceful treatment device's schematic structure diagram.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The embodiment provides a resource treatment method for waste solar panels, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, crushing a waste solar cell panel, putting the crushed waste solar cell panel into a resistance furnace, maintaining the temperature of materials in the resistance furnace at 1600-1700 ℃, and keeping the materials in an anoxic state, and after organic polymer materials in the cell panel are fully cracked, purifying the generated mixed combustible gas for use as fuel;

and 2, refining the molten mixture discharged from the resistance furnace to obtain metal and non-metal substances.

In this embodiment, step 1 includes:

the generated mixed combustible gas is purified and then sent to a coal-fired boiler for afterburning, so that coal resources can be saved.

Referring to fig. 1, the step 2 includes:

adding hot NaOH solution into the mixture, and filtering to obtain insoluble mixed solid containing Ag and Cu and NaAlO₂And Na₂SiO₃Solution, adding excess HCl solution to the solution to form H₂SiO₃Precipitation and AlCl₃Heating and dehydrating the solution to obtain SiO₂Solid, reduction of SiO with C₂Solid to obtain crude Si, mixing the crude Si with Cl₂Reacting to obtain SiCl₄By H₂Reduction of SiCl₄Si is obtained.

Referring to fig. 1, the step 2 further includes:

to AlCl₃Adding excessive NaOH solution into the solution to obtain NaAlO₂Solution, introducing excess CO₂To obtain Al (OH)₃Precipitate of Al (OH)₃Heating and dehydrating the precipitate to obtain Al₂O₃Electrolyzing the molten Al₂O₃To obtain Al.

Referring to fig. 1, the step 2 further includes:

adding concentrated nitric acid to the insoluble mixed solid containing Ag and Cu to obtain Cu (NO)₃)₂、AgNO₃Adding HCl solution to the mixture to obtain AgCl precipitate, and adding ammonia water to the precipitate to obtain Ag (NH)₃)₂OH, and reacting with acetaldehyde to obtain Ag.

Referring to fig. 1, the step 2 further includes:

to contain Cu²⁺Adding NaOH solution to the solution to obtain Cu (OH)₂Heating the precipitate to dehydrate to obtain CuO precipitate, and adding H₂The CuO precipitate is reduced to obtain Cu.

In the embodiment, the heat required by the heating dehydration process is absorbed from the mixture of molten metal, nonmetal and oxides thereof, so that the heat is fully utilized, and the energy is saved.

According to the resource treatment method of the waste solar cell panel, the temperature of the material is raised to 1600-1700 ℃ by adopting the resistance furnace, and organic polymer materials such as EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), TPT (thermoplastic vulcanizate) and the like in the cell panel can be fully cracked into CH (CH)₄、C₂H₄And CO and other mixed combustible gases can be used as fuel, and energy is recovered. At the temperature, valuable metals and non-metals and oxides thereof in the solar panels are also changed into molten states, and then the valuable metals and non-metals can be obtained by refining and purifying the valuable metals and non-metals, and intermediate reaction products can be sold, so that the economic benefit is improved. The heat can be absorbed from the molten mixture discharged from the furnace bottom by heating and dehydration, so that the heat is fully utilized, and the energy is saved. The generated high-temperature gas can be SiO₂The high temperature reaction conditions required to produce purer silicon provide a portion of the heat, not only cooling the gas, but also saving energy.

Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment further provides a waste solar cell panel recycling device, which includes a crusher 1, a storage silo 2, a resistance furnace 3, a reaction device 4, a dust remover 5, an alkaline washing tower 6, and a coal-fired boiler 7, which are connected in sequence, wherein a heating and dehydrating device 31 is connected to a furnace bottom of the resistance furnace 3;

the crusher 1 is used for crushing the waste solar panels;

the storage bin 2 is used for storing the crushed solar cell panel;

the resistance furnace 3 is used for cracking the organic polymer material in the battery plate at 1600-1700 ℃ under the condition of oxygen deficiency, and conveying the generated mixed combustible gas to the reaction device 4 and the dust remover 5 for cooling and dust removal treatment;

the alkaline washing tower 6 is used for removing acid gas in the mixed combustible gas after temperature reduction and dust removal treatment, and sending the purified mixed combustible gas into the coal-fired boiler 7 for afterburning;

the heating dehydration device 31 is used for refining the molten mixture discharged from the bottom of the resistance furnace 3 to obtain metal and non-metal substances; the metallic and non-metallic substances include Al, Ag, Cu, Si.

In this embodiment, waste solar cell panel is put in storage silo 2 after passing through breaker 1 breakage, then gets into resistance furnace 3, and the temperature of the interior material of resistance furnace 3 maintains 1600 ~ 1700 ℃, and is in the oxygen deficiency state. At the temperature, EVA, TPT and other organic polymer materials in the solar cell panel can be fully cracked to generate CH₄、C₂H₄And the CO and other mixed combustible gases can also generate some acid gases, the generated gases are cooled by the reaction device 4, dedusted by the deduster 5 and then fed into the alkaline washing tower 6 to remove the acid gases so as to avoid corrosion to subsequent equipment, the purified combustible gases are fed into the coal-fired boiler 7 for afterburning, and the generated gases are recycled and coal resources are saved.

The high temperature of the resistance furnace 3 will cause the metal, non-metal and oxygen of the panelThe molten material is discharged from the bottom of the resistance furnace 3, and the mixture is mainly Al, Cu, Ag, Si, SiO₂And the like. And then refining and purifying the mixture. Adding hot NaOH solution into the mixture, filtering to obtain insoluble substance such as Ag and Cu, and filtering to obtain filtrate such as NaAlO₂And Na₂SiO₃Addition of excess HCl solution to the solution will generate H₂SiO₃Precipitating, and dehydrating by heating with a dehydration device 31 to obtain SiO₂And (3) a solid. In a reaction device 4 between a resistance furnace 3 and an alkali washing tower 6, SiO is reduced by C₂Then crude Si is obtained, which is further mixed with Cl₂SiCl is generated in the reaction₄By H₂Reduction of SiCl₄Then purer Si is obtained. To AlCl₃Addition of excess NaOH solution to the solution will form NaAlO₂Solution, introducing excess CO₂Will produce Al (OH)₃Precipitating, heating and dehydrating the precipitate by a heating and dehydrating device 31 to produce Al₂O₃Electrolyzing the molten Al₂O₃Relatively pure Al is obtained. Adding concentrated nitric acid into the mixed solid of insoluble Cu and Ag to generate Cu (NO)₃)₂、AgNO₃Mixing the solution, adding HCl solution to generate AgCl precipitate, adding ammonia water to the precipitate to generate Ag (NH)₃)₂OH, which reacts with acetaldehyde, produces relatively pure Ag. Cu²⁺Then adding NaOH solution to generate Cu (OH)₂Precipitating, heating and dehydrating with heating dehydration device 31 to generate CuO precipitate, and adding H₂Reducing the CuO precipitates produces purer Cu. The heating dehydration in the refining and purifying process can absorb heat from the molten mixture discharged from the furnace bottom, thereby fully utilizing the heat and saving the energy.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A resource treatment device for waste solar panels is characterized by comprising a crusher, a storage bin, a resistance furnace, a reaction device, a dust remover, an alkaline washing tower and a coal-fired boiler which are sequentially connected, wherein the furnace bottom of the resistance furnace is connected with a heating dehydration device;

the crusher is used for crushing the waste solar panels;

the storage bin is used for storing the crushed solar cell panel;

the resistance furnace is used for cracking the organic polymer material in the battery plate at 1600-1700 ℃ under the condition of an anoxic state, and conveying the generated mixed combustible gas to the reaction device and the dust remover for cooling and dust removal;

the alkaline washing tower is used for removing acid gas in the mixed combustible gas after temperature reduction and dust removal treatment, and feeding the purified mixed combustible gas into a coal-fired boiler for afterburning;

the heating dehydration device is used for refining the molten mixture discharged from the bottom of the resistance furnace to obtain metal and non-metal substances; the metal and non-metal substances include Al, Ag, Cu, Si.

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