CN212881746U - Two-stage pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-section pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components, which comprises a first section of separation mechanism for primary separation of the adsorbed components and a second section of separation mechanism which is connected with a first section of separation mechanism through a pipeline and is used for secondary separation of the adsorbed components, wherein the first section of separation mechanism is used for sequentially carrying out adsorption, pressure equalizing and reducing, reverse releasing, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and increasing and final increasing on gas; the two-stage separation mechanism is used for sequentially carrying out adsorption, pressure equalizing and depressurization, replacement, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and pressurization and final pressurization on adsorption components reversely placed and separated from the first-stage separation mechanism or sequentially carrying out adsorption, replacement, pressure equalizing and depressurization, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and pressurization and final pressurization processes, conveying recovery components separated in the adsorption and replacement processes into the first-stage separation mechanism for cyclic separation, and outputting the adsorption components separated in the vacuumizing process as final product gas. The adsorption component product separated by the method has high purity and high recovery rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial gas separation and purification equipment, in particular to a two-section pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components.
Background
The Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) method realizes adsorption and regeneration by means of pressure change, so that the regeneration speed is high, the energy consumption is low, and the PSA method belongs to an energy-saving gas separation technology. The process is simple, the operation is stable, and the impurities can be removed once for the mixed gas containing various impurities to obtain a high-purity product. Therefore, the method has been developed very rapidly in the last three decades, and has been widely applied to purification of hydrogen in hydrogen-containing gas, separation and purification of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, argon and hydrocarbons in mixed gas, athermal drying of various gases, and the like. In practical engineering applications, a suitable process technology is selected depending on whether the desired product is an adsorbed gas or a non-adsorbed gas.
Finding out in engineering operation: in the existing system for recovering the adsorbed components, the problems of low content of the adsorbed components in the product or low product recovery rate after the adsorption of the first-stage pressure swing adsorption system is finished are found; the existing two-stage pressure swing adsorption system solves the problem of low content of adsorbed components in the product to a certain extent, but when the content of the adsorbed components in the raw material gas is low, it is still difficult to obtain high-purity adsorbed components, and the problems of high content of the product components in the adsorbed waste gas of the two stages and large product waste exist. In the prior art, reference number "CN 104147896A" discloses "a method for recovering an adsorption phase product by two-stage pressure swing adsorption", which effectively improves the recovery rate of effective components (95%), but it still has too high impurities of separated component gases for a process requiring a high-purity separated component feed gas; in addition, in the two-stage pressure swing adsorption process, the investment and replacement energy consumption of the separation mechanism are high, so that the economic benefit is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a two-stage pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components, which has high purity of the adsorbed components and high economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a two-section pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components comprises a first section separation mechanism for primarily separating the adsorbed components and a second section separation mechanism which is connected with the first section separation mechanism through a pipeline and secondarily separates the adsorbed components, wherein,
the first-stage separation mechanism is used for sequentially performing adsorption, pressure equalizing and reducing, reverse releasing, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and boosting and final boosting processes on gas, primarily separating the gas and conveying adsorption components separated in the reverse releasing and vacuumizing processes to the second-stage separation mechanism for re-separation;
the two-stage separation mechanism is used for sequentially performing adsorption, pressure equalizing and reducing, replacement, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and increasing and final increasing processes on adsorption components separated from the reverse releasing and vacuumizing process of the one-stage separation mechanism or sequentially performing adsorption, replacement, pressure equalizing and reducing, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and increasing and final increasing processes, pressurizing and conveying gas in the adsorption and replacement processes into the one-stage separation mechanism for cyclic separation, outputting the adsorption components separated in the vacuumizing process as final product gas, and the two-stage separation mechanism is in normal pressure and pressure swing separation.
Further, the first-stage separation mechanism comprises a plurality of first adsorption towers, a first vacuum pump system respectively connected with the bottoms of the first adsorption towers, first pressure equalizing pipelines respectively connected with the tops of the first adsorption towers, first waste gas pipes connected with the first pressure equalizing pipelines through a plurality of pipelines and respectively corresponding to the first adsorption towers one by one, first gas inlet pipes connected with the first vacuum pump system through a plurality of pipelines and respectively corresponding to the first adsorption towers one by one, reverse release pipes respectively connected with the bottoms of the first adsorption towers through pipelines and used for conveying adsorption components to the second-stage separation mechanism, vacuum pipes connected to the first vacuum pump system and used for conveying the adsorption components to the second-stage separation mechanism, and vacuum pipes respectively arranged on connecting pipelines of the first waste gas pipes and the first adsorption towers one by one, The system comprises a plurality of first program control valves and two first regulating valves, wherein the first program control valves are arranged on connecting pipelines of a first air inlet pipe and each first adsorption tower in one-to-one correspondence, reverse release pipes and connecting pipelines of each first adsorption tower and are used for controlling air inlet and air outlet of each first adsorption tower, the two first regulating valves are arranged on a first exhaust pipe and connected between the first exhaust pipe and a first pressure equalizing pipeline, the vacuum pipes are connected between the first program control valves on the reverse release pipes and a two-section separation mechanism, and the number of the first adsorption towers is at least 4.
Specifically, the gas pressure of the first adsorption tower in the adsorption process is between 0.02 and 10.0MpaG, and the gas pressure of the first adsorption tower in the vacuumizing process is between 0.02 and-0.08 MPaG.
Specifically, the two-stage separation mechanism comprises a plurality of second adsorption towers, a first replacement pipeline respectively connected with the bottom of each second adsorption tower, a second replacement pipeline respectively connected with the top of each second adsorption tower, a second vacuum pump system connected with the first replacement pipeline and used for vacuumizing connection with each second adsorption tower, a second air inlet pipe with one end connected with the vacuum pipe and the reverse release pipe and the other end connected with the second vacuum pump system through a plurality of pipelines, an air outlet pipe connected with the second vacuum pump system and used for outputting separation components obtained in the vacuumizing process of the second adsorption tower, a second pressure equalizing pipeline connected with the second replacement pipeline and used for equalizing the pressure of each second adsorption tower, and second exhaust gas pipes connected with the second pressure equalizing pipeline through a plurality of pipelines and each pipeline respectively corresponding to each second adsorption tower one by one, install a plurality of second program control valves on every connecting line of second vacuum pump system and second intake pipe and every connecting line of second pressure-equalizing line and second exhaust gas pipe, connect the second governing valve between second pressure-equalizing line and second exhaust gas pipe to and one end respectively with second exhaust gas pipe and second replacement pipeline tube coupling and the compressor of the other end and first intake pipe tube coupling, wherein, first replacement pipeline links to each other with the outlet duct, the second exhaust gas pipe is used for importing the first intake pipe with the absorption waste gas of every second adsorption tower, the second adsorption tower has 4 at least.
Specifically, the gas pressure of the second adsorption tower in the adsorption process is between 0.01 and 0.1MpaG, the gas pressure of the second adsorption tower in the replacement process is between 0.01 and 0.05MPaG, and the gas pressure of the second adsorption tower in the vacuumizing process is between 0.02 and-0.08 MPaG.
Further, the recovered adsorption components comprise methane, C2, C3, C3+, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, wherein C2 is a hydrocarbon with the carbon number of 2, C3 is a hydrocarbon with the carbon number of 3, and C3+ is a hydrocarbon with the carbon number of more than 3.
Further, the use method of the system comprises the following steps:
one-stage pressure swing adsorption:
adsorption: raw material gas is input into a first adsorption tower in an adsorption state from the bottom of the first adsorption tower through a first air inlet pipe, adsorption components are retained in the first adsorption tower under the separation of the first adsorption tower, adsorption waste gas is discharged through a first waste gas pipe, and the pressure in the first adsorption tower is kept between 0.02 and 10.0 MpaG;
pressure equalizing and reducing: after adsorption is finished, high-pressure gas in the first adsorption tower after adsorption is finished is input into the first adsorption tower with low pressure from the top of the first adsorption tower through a first pressure equalizing pipeline from the top of other first adsorption towers with low pressure along the adsorption direction;
reverse amplification: after the pressure equalizing and reducing is finished, the adsorption component in the first adsorption tower after the pressure equalizing and reducing is input into a two-stage separation mechanism through a reverse releasing pipe against the adsorption direction;
vacuumizing: after the reverse discharge is finished, vacuumizing the first adsorption tower subjected to the reverse discharge by a first vacuum pump system against the adsorption direction, sequentially inputting the extracted adsorption components into a two-stage separation mechanism through a vacuum tube, and keeping the pressure in the first adsorption tower subjected to the vacuum discharge between 0.02 and-0.08 MPaG;
pressure equalizing and boosting: after the vacuumizing is finished, inputting high-pressure gas in other high-pressure first adsorption towers into the first adsorption tower after the vacuumizing is finished from the top of the high-pressure first adsorption tower through a first pressure equalizing pipeline;
and (3) final boosting: after the pressure equalization and pressure boosting are finished, the adsorption waste gas is input into the first adsorption tower through the first waste gas pipe, so that the gas pressure in the first adsorption tower after the pressure equalization and pressure boosting are finished is adjusted;
two-stage pressure swing adsorption:
adsorption: inputting the adsorption components input in the reverse releasing and vacuumizing processes in the first-stage pressure swing adsorption into a second adsorption tower from the bottom of the second adsorption tower along the adsorption direction through a second air inlet pipe, reserving the secondary adsorption components in the second adsorption tower, discharging the adsorbed secondary adsorption waste gas through a second waste gas pipe in sequence, compressing the waste gas through a compressor, inputting the waste gas into a first air inlet pipe to be used as the raw gas for the first-stage pressure swing adsorption, and keeping the pressure in the second adsorption tower between 0.01 and 0.1MpaG after the adsorption is finished;
pressure equalizing and reducing: after adsorption is finished, inputting the higher-pressure gas in the second adsorption tower after adsorption is finished into the second adsorption tower from the tops of other low-pressure second adsorption towers through a second pressure equalizing pipeline along the adsorption direction;
and (3) replacement: after the pressure equalization and pressure reduction is finished, inputting product gas generated in the vacuumizing process of other second adsorption towers into the second adsorption towers after the pressure equalization and pressure reduction is finished along the adsorption direction, discharging the replaced waste gas from a second replacement pipeline, compressing the waste gas by a compressor, inputting the compressed waste gas into a first air inlet pipe to be used as a section of raw gas for pressure swing adsorption, increasing the gas concentration in the second adsorption towers after the pressure equalization and pressure reduction is finished, and keeping the pressure in the second adsorption towers after the replacement to be between 0.01 and 0.05 MPaG;
vacuumizing: after the replacement is finished, vacuumizing the replaced second adsorption tower by a second vacuum pump system against the adsorption direction, outputting the extracted adsorption component from an air outlet pipe to be used as product gas, and keeping the pressure in the vacuumized second adsorption tower between 0.02 and-0.08 MPaG;
pressure equalizing and boosting: after the vacuumizing is finished, inputting high-pressure gas in other high-pressure second adsorption towers into the second adsorption tower from the top of the second adsorption tower after the vacuumizing is finished through a second pressure equalizing pipeline;
and (3) final boosting: after the pressure equalizing and boosting are finished, the secondary adsorption waste gas sequentially passes through a second waste gas pipe and is input into the second adsorption tower from the top of the second adsorption tower after the pressure equalizing and boosting are finished, and the secondary adsorption waste gas is used for adjusting the gas pressure of the second adsorption tower.
Specifically, the number of times of the pressure equalizing and reducing process and the pressure equalizing and increasing process in the first-stage pressure swing adsorption is more than 1.
Specifically, the frequency of the voltage-equalizing and pressure-reducing and voltage-equalizing and pressure-increasing processes in the two-stage pressure swing adsorption is 0-1 time.
Specifically, the pressure equalization and depressurization and the replacement process in the two-stage pressure swing adsorption process can be exchanged in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention sequentially performs adsorption, pressure equalizing and depressurization, reverse release and vacuum pumping on the feed gas and the recovered gas adsorbed and replaced by the second-stage separation mechanism through the first-stage separation mechanism, adsorbs the adsorption component in the feed gas and the adsorption component in the recovered gas separated by the second-stage separation mechanism in the adsorption process, increases the content of the strong adsorption component in the first adsorption tower in the pressure equalizing and depressurization process, improves the product purity of the adsorbed component, controls the adsorbed component not to penetrate an adsorption bed layer in the first adsorption tower, simultaneously discharges the weak adsorption component out of the first adsorption tower, ensures that the product component is not wasted while removing most of the weak adsorption component, conveys the adsorbed component primarily concentrated into the second-stage separation mechanism for secondary separation in the reverse release and vacuum pumping process, and adopts a plurality of first adsorption towers (more than or equal to 4), and each first adsorption tower sequentially circulates through the adsorption towers, Pressure equalizing and reducing (more than 1 time), reverse discharging, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and increasing (more than 1 time), and final increasing, so that the strongly adsorbed component can be recovered to the maximum extent, and the high recovery rate (more than 99%) of the adsorbed component is ensured; the absorbed component is only primarily concentrated in the first section of separation mechanism, and a high-purity absorbed component product does not need to be obtained, so that a replacement process is not needed in the first section, the investment and replacement energy consumption of the first section of separation mechanism are reduced, the economic benefit of the invention is high, and the absorbed component can not penetrate through the first section of adsorption bed layer completely.
(2) In the two-stage separation mechanism, the adsorption component in the reverse releasing and vacuumizing process of the first-stage separation mechanism is used as product adsorption gas, the gas is sequentially subjected to adsorption, pressure equalizing and pressure reducing, replacement, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and pressure increasing and final pressure increasing, the strong adsorption component in the gas is adsorbed again in the adsorption process, the weak adsorption component is conveyed to the first-stage separation mechanism for retreatment and recovery, the strong adsorption component is remained in an adsorption bed layer in a second adsorption tower, the content of the strong adsorption component in the second adsorption tower is increased in the pressure equalizing and pressure reducing process, the product purity of the adsorbed component is improved, the adsorbed component is controlled not to penetrate through the adsorption bed layer in the second adsorption tower, a plurality of second adsorption towers (more than or equal to 4) are utilized to replace the second adsorption tower from the bottom of the tower by the high-concentration product adsorption gas in the replacement process, the weak adsorption component in a dead space of the bed layer is replaced, high-concentration adsorbed component products (more than 99.9 percent can be obtained), and each second adsorption tower is sequentially subjected to adsorption, pressure equalizing and reducing (0-1 time), replacement, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and increasing (0-1 time) and final increasing, so that the strong adsorbed components can be recovered to the maximum extent, and the high recovery rate (more than 99.9 percent) of the adsorbed components is ensured; the raw gas of the second-stage separation mechanism is the adsorbed gas concentrated by the first-stage separation mechanism, and the concentration of the effective components of the raw gas is 2-4 times higher than that of the raw gas of the first-stage separation mechanism, so that the purity of the product gas obtained by the second-stage separation mechanism is higher (can reach 99.9%); in addition, the two-stage separation mechanism operates under very low pressure (<0.1MPa.G), so that the two-stage separation mechanism does not need additional raw material gas pressure boosting equipment or a reverse releasing step, and the raw materials do not need to be pressurized, so that the quantity of the pressurizing equipment and the adsorption tower is effectively reduced, the replacement operation can be completed by utilizing the back pressure of a vacuum pump, the flow is simplified, and the operation energy consumption is low and the economic benefit is high.
(3) The pressure equalizing and boosting and the final boosting are carried out on the first-stage pressure swing adsorption and the second-stage pressure swing adsorption, and the pressure of the adsorption tower is slowly and stably boosted to the adsorption pressure by using adsorption exhaust gas through the first boosting regulating valve and the second boosting regulating valve respectively in the process, so that the first adsorption tower and the second adsorption tower complete a complete adsorption-regeneration cycle and prepare for the next adsorption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a connection structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference numbers are:
1-a first adsorption tower, 2-a first vacuum pump system, 3-a first pressure equalizing pipeline, 4-a first waste gas pipe, 5-a first gas inlet pipe, 6-a reverse releasing pipe, 7-a vacuum pipe, 8-a first program control valve, 9-a first regulating valve, 10-a second adsorption tower, 11-a first replacement pipeline, 12-a second replacement pipeline, 13-a second vacuum pump system, 14-a gas outlet pipe, 15-a second pressure equalizing pipeline, 16-a second waste gas pipe, 17-a second program control valve, 18-a second regulating valve, 19-a first adsorption tower A, 20-a first adsorption tower B, 21-a first adsorption tower C, 22-a first adsorption tower D, 23-a first adsorption tower E, 24-a first adsorption tower F, 25-a first adsorption tower G, 26-first adsorption tower H, 27-second adsorption tower I, 28-second adsorption tower J, 29-second adsorption tower K, 30-second adsorption tower L, 31-second adsorption tower M, 32-second adsorption tower N, 33-compressor and 34-second air inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following description and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.
The recycling method comprises the following steps:
one-stage pressure swing adsorption:
adsorption: raw material gas is input into the first adsorption tower 1 in an adsorption state from the bottom of the first adsorption tower 1 through a first gas inlet pipe 5, adsorption components are remained in the first adsorption tower 1 under the separation of the first adsorption tower 1, adsorption waste gas is discharged through a first waste gas pipe 4, and the pressure of the first adsorption tower 1 is kept between 0.02 and 10.0 MpaG;
pressure equalizing and reducing: after adsorption is finished, inputting high-pressure gas in the first adsorption tower 1 after adsorption is finished into the first adsorption tower 1 with low pressure from the top of the first adsorption tower 1 through a first pressure equalizing pipeline 3 from the tops of other first adsorption towers 1 with low pressure along the adsorption direction, wherein the process is more than 1 time and is used for increasing the content of strong adsorption components in the first adsorption tower 1;
reverse amplification: after the pressure equalizing and reducing is finished, the adsorption component in the first adsorption tower 1 after the pressure equalizing and reducing is finished is input into the two-stage separation mechanism through the reverse releasing pipe 6 against the adsorption direction;
vacuumizing: after the reverse discharge is finished, the first adsorption tower 1 after the reverse discharge is finished is vacuumized against the adsorption direction by a first vacuum pump system 2, and the extracted adsorption components are input into a two-stage separation mechanism through a vacuum tube 7, and the pressure of the first adsorption tower 1 is kept between 0.02 and-0.08 MPaG;
pressure equalizing and boosting: after the vacuumizing is finished, high-pressure gas in other high-pressure first adsorption towers 1 is input into the first adsorption tower 1 after the vacuumizing is finished from the top of the high-pressure first adsorption tower 1 through a first pressure equalizing pipeline 3, the process is more than 1 time, and bed layer dead space strong adsorption components of other first adsorption towers 1 can be recovered;
and (3) final boosting: after the pressure equalization and pressure increase are finished, the adsorption waste gas is input into the first adsorption tower 1 through the first waste gas pipe 4, so that the gas pressure in the first adsorption tower 1 after the pressure equalization and pressure increase are finished is adjusted;
two-stage pressure swing adsorption:
adsorption: adsorbing components input in the processes of reverse releasing and vacuumizing in the first-stage pressure swing adsorption are input into a second adsorption tower 10 from the bottom of the second adsorption tower 10 along the adsorption direction through a second air inlet pipe 34, secondary adsorbing components are left in the second adsorption tower 10, the adsorbed secondary adsorbing waste gas is output through a second waste gas pipe 16 and is compressed and conveyed to a first air inlet pipe 7 through a compressor 33 to be used as raw material gas for the first-stage pressure swing adsorption, the pressure of the second adsorption tower 10 is kept between 0.01 and 0.1MpaG, and a buffer tank for receiving and storing the adsorbing components input in the processes of reverse releasing and vacuumizing in the first-stage pressure swing adsorption is installed on the second air inlet pipe 34;
pressure equalizing and reducing: after adsorption is finished, the gas with higher pressure in the second adsorption tower 10 after adsorption is finished is input into the second adsorption tower 10 with low pressure from the tops of other second adsorption towers 10 with low pressure through a second pressure equalizing line 15 along the adsorption direction, the process is carried out for 0-1 time, and the content of strong adsorption components in the second adsorption tower 10 can be increased;
and (3) replacement: after the pressure equalizing and reducing is finished, product gas generated in the vacuumizing process of other second adsorption towers 10 along the adsorption direction is input into the second adsorption tower 10 from the bottom of the second adsorption tower 10 after the pressure equalizing and reducing is finished along the adsorption direction, the replaced waste gas is compressed by a compressor 33 through a second replacement pipeline 12 and then discharged to a first gas inlet pipe 5 to be used as a section of pressure-swing-adsorbed raw gas, the gas concentration in the second adsorption tower after the pressure equalizing and reducing is finished is improved, the pressure of the second adsorption tower 10 is kept between 0.01 and 0.05MPaG, and the sequence of replacement and pressure equalizing and reducing can be determined according to the consumption of the raw gas;
vacuumizing: after the replacement is finished, the second adsorption tower 10 after the reverse discharge is finished is vacuumized by a second vacuum pump system 13 against the adsorption direction, and the extracted adsorption component is output from an air outlet pipe 14 to be used as product gas, and the pressure of the second adsorption tower 10 is kept between 0.02 and-0.08 MPaG;
pressure equalizing and boosting: after the vacuumizing is finished, inputting high-pressure gas in other high-pressure second adsorption towers 10 into the second adsorption tower 10 from the top of the second adsorption tower 10 after the vacuumizing is finished through a second pressure equalizing pipeline 15, wherein the process is carried out for 0-1 time, and bed layer dead space strong adsorption components of other second adsorption towers 10 can be recovered;
and (3) final boosting: after the pressure equalizing and boosting is finished, the secondary adsorption waste gas sequentially passes through the second waste gas pipe 16, the second pressure equalizing pipeline 15 and the second replacement pipeline 12 and is input into the second adsorption tower 10 from the top of the second adsorption tower 10 after the pressure equalizing and boosting is finished, and the secondary adsorption waste gas is used for adjusting the gas pressure of the second adsorption tower 10.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the two-stage pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components includes a first stage separation mechanism and a second stage separation mechanism.
One section separating mechanism is used for adsorbing gas in proper order, the pressure-equalizing step-down, contrary putting, evacuation, the pressure-equalizing step-up and final pressure-rising process to carry two-stage separation mechanism to re-separate gas primary separation and the absorption component that will be put in contrary and evacuation process separation, it includes first adsorption tower 1, first vacuum pump system 2, first pressure-equalizing pipeline 3, first exhaust pipe 4, first intake pipe 5, contrary pipe 6 of putting, vacuum tube 7, first programme-controlled valve 8 and first governing valve 9 etc.. The number of the first adsorption towers 1 is at least 4, and a plurality of first adsorption towers 1 are adjacently arranged and used for treating the raw material gas, so that the treatment efficiency is improved; the first vacuum pump system 2 comprises a plurality of pipelines respectively connected with the bottom of each first adsorption tower 1, a vacuum pump arranged on the pipelines, and a valve for controlling the on-off of the pipelines, and is used for vacuumizing each first adsorption tower 1, extracting adsorption components in the first adsorption tower 1 and conveying the adsorption components to a vacuum tube 7; the first pressure equalizing pipeline 3 comprises a plurality of pipelines which are respectively connected with the top of each first adsorption tower 1 and are mutually connected in parallel, and valves which are arranged on the pipelines and are used for controlling the connection and disconnection of different first adsorption towers 1, and under the action of the first pressure equalizing pipeline 3, the first adsorption tower 1 can carry out two steps of pressure equalizing and pressure reducing and pressure equalizing and pressure boosting, and the pressure in the first adsorption tower 1 is adjusted; the first waste gas pipe 4 is connected with a plurality of pipelines of the first pressure equalizing pipeline 3 respectively and is used for discharging the adsorption waste gas separated from the first adsorption tower 1 in the adsorption step, and a first program control valve 8 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of each pipeline of the first pressure equalizing pipeline 3 and is used for controlling the exhaust of each first adsorption tower 1; the first air inlet pipe 5 is connected with each pipeline of the first vacuum pump system 2 to achieve the purpose of air inlet of each first adsorption tower 1, raw material gas is input into the first adsorption tower 1 through a pipeline connected with each first adsorption tower 1 through the first vacuum pump system 2, and a first program control valve 8 for controlling air inlet of each first adsorption tower 1 is installed on a connecting pipeline of the first air inlet pipe 5 and each pipeline of the first vacuum pump system 2; one end of the reverse discharging pipe 6 is connected with the bottom of each first adsorption tower 1 through a pipeline, the other end of the reverse discharging pipe is connected with the inside of the second air inlet pipe 34, the reverse discharging pipe is used for conveying adsorption components separated in the reverse discharging process into the second air inlet pipe 34, and a first program control valve 8 used for controlling the conveying of the adsorption components is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the reverse discharging pipe and the bottom of each first adsorption tower 1; one end of the vacuum pipe 7 is connected with each pipeline in the first vacuum pump system 2, and the other end of the vacuum pipe is connected with the second air inlet pipe 34 and is used for conveying the extracted adsorption component to the second air inlet pipe 34; a plurality of first program control valves 8 are respectively arranged on connecting pipelines of the first waste gas pipe 4 and the first pressure equalizing pipeline 3 which are respectively connected with each first adsorption tower 1, a first gas inlet pipe 5 and the first vacuum pump system 2 which are respectively connected with each first adsorption tower 1, and a reverse release pipe 6 and each first adsorption tower 1 which are used for controlling the on-off of the pipelines; the number of the first adjusting valves 9 is two, one is installed on the first exhaust pipe 4 and used for adjusting the gas path of the first exhaust pipe 4, and the other is installed on the connecting pipeline of the first exhaust pipe and the first pressure equalizing pipeline 3 and used for pumping the exhaust gas discharged from the first exhaust pipe 4 back to the first adsorption tower 1 to boost the pressure in the final-rise process, so that the subsequent pressure swing adsorption can be realized.
The two-stage separation mechanism comprises a second adsorption tower 10, a first replacement pipeline 11, a second replacement pipeline 12, a second vacuum pump system 13, an air outlet pipe 14, a second pressure equalizing pipeline 15, a second waste gas pipe 16, a second program control valve 17, a second regulating valve 18, a compressor 33 and a second air inlet pipe 34. The number of the second adsorption towers 10 is at least 4, and a plurality of second adsorption towers 10 are adjacently arranged and used for treating the raw material gas, so that the treatment efficiency is improved; the first replacement pipeline 11 comprises a plurality of pipelines which are respectively connected with the bottom of each second adsorption tower 10 and are connected in parallel with each other, and valves which are arranged on the pipelines and are used for controlling the connection and disconnection of different second adsorption towers 10, under the coordination effect of the first replacement pipeline 11 and the second replacement pipeline 12, a plurality of second adsorption towers 10 can carry out replacement steps, the concentration of adsorption components in the second adsorption towers 10 is improved, when no high-concentration adsorption components exist in other second adsorption towers 10, high-concentration product gas can be input into the first replacement pipeline 11 through the gas outlet pipe 14, and the gas is input into the second adsorption towers 10 from the bottom through the first replacement pipeline 11, so that the concentration of the adsorption components in the second adsorption towers 10 is improved; the second replacement line 12 comprises a plurality of lines connected to the top of each of the second adsorption columns 10 in parallel with each other, and a valve installed on the pipeline for controlling the connection and disconnection of different second adsorption towers 10, wherein a plurality of pipelines of the second replacement pipeline 12 are connected with the bottom of each second adsorption tower 10, the second replacement pipeline 12 is connected with a compressor 33 through a pipeline, replaced waste gas is compressed by the compressor 33 and then input into the first gas inlet pipe 5 and then input into a section of separation mechanism for further treatment, when the replacement is carried out, the adsorption component with high concentration is inputted from the bottom of the second adsorption tower 10 waiting for replacement along the first replacement pipeline 11, outputted from the second replacement pipeline 11, and inputted into the bottom of another second adsorption tower 10 waiting for replacement, in such circulation, only one second adsorption tower 10 can be replaced, and the replaced gas is directly input into the first gas inlet pipe 5; the second vacuum pump system 13 comprises a plurality of pipelines respectively connected with the first replacement pipeline 11 connected with each second adsorption tower 10, a vacuum pump arranged on the pipelines, and a valve for controlling the on-off of the pipelines, wherein the purpose of vacuumizing each second adsorption tower 10 in a vacuumizing step is realized by connecting each pipeline with the first replacement pipeline 11, and adsorption components extracted in the vacuumizing step are discharged from the gas outlet pipe 14 as product gas and are connected with the second gas inlet pipe 34; the gas outlet pipe 14 is connected with each pipeline of the second vacuum pump system 13 and is used for outputting the adsorption component; the second pressure equalizing line 15 includes a line connected to the second replacement line 12 connected to each of the second adsorption towers 10, and a valve installed on the line, and is connected to each of the second replacement lines 12 to equalize pressure and reduce pressure of each of the second adsorption towers 10; the second waste gas pipe 16 is connected with a plurality of pipes of the second pressure equalizing pipeline 15 through pipes, and the connecting pipes are respectively provided with a second program control valve 17 which is connected with the compressor 33 and inputs the waste gas into the first gas inlet pipe 5 after the waste gas is input into the compressor 33 to be compressed; a plurality of second program control valves 17 are respectively arranged on each connecting pipeline of the second vacuum pump system 13 and the second air inlet pipe 34, each connecting pipeline of the second pressure equalizing pipeline 15 and the second waste gas pipe 16 and used for controlling the on-off of the pipelines; the second regulating valve 18 is installed on a connecting pipeline of the second waste gas pipe 16 and the second pressure equalizing pipeline 15, and in the final lifting step, waste gas discharged by the two-stage pressure swing adsorption is input into the second adsorption tower 10 to be subjected to pressure rise so as to facilitate the subsequent pressure swing adsorption; one end of the compressor 33 is respectively connected with the second exhaust gas pipe 16 and the second replacement pipeline 12 through pipelines, and the other end of the compressor is connected with the first air inlet pipe 5 through a pipeline, and the compressor is used for compressing and inputting exhaust gas into the first air inlet pipe 5; one end of a second air inlet pipe 34 is connected with the vacuum pipe 7 and the reverse discharge pipe 6, adsorption components reversely discharged and vacuumized by the first separation mechanism are input into the second separation mechanism, the other end of the second air inlet pipe is connected with each pipeline of a second vacuum pump system 13, the purpose of air inlet of each second adsorption tower 10 is achieved, raw material gas is input into the second adsorption tower 10 through a pipeline connected with each second adsorption tower 10 through the second vacuum pump system 13, and a second regulating valve 18 is installed on each connecting pipeline of the second air inlet pipe 34 and the second vacuum pump system 13.
Example 2
As shown in FIGS. 1-2, the two-stage pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components is applied to the separation and recovery of ethane from the tail gas of an oil refining device, and the flow rate of the raw material is 10000Nm3The gas composition is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item | Composition (V%) |
| Hydrogen gas | 75.99 |
| Carbon monoxide | 0.18 |
| Ethane (III) | 23.31 |
| Ethylene | 0.46 |
| Five and more carbons | 0.06 |
The first stage of pressure swing adsorption for this example was PSA1 and the second stage of pressure swing adsorption was PSA 2. The tail gas of the ethylbenzene plant and secondary adsorption waste gas produced in the adsorption and replacement processes of PSA2 form feed gas of PSA1, the feed gas enters PSA1 for ethane separation, and the adsorption waste gas at the top outlet of the first adsorption tower 1 of PSA1 is used as fuel gas or sent to a downstream external device for hydrogen recovery; the ethane-rich gas from the reverse release process and the vacuum process is input into a second gas inlet pipe 34 of PSA2 through a reverse release pipe 6 and a vacuum pipe 7, and is used as the raw material gas of PSA2, and directly enters PSA2 without pressurization for ethane concentration.
PSA1 comprises 8 first adsorption towers 1, first vacuum pump system 2, first equalizing line 3, first exhaust gas pipe 4, first intake pipe 5, reverse discharge pipe 6, vacuum tube 7, first program control valve 8 and first governing valve 9, every first adsorption tower 1 adsorption cycle period all will pass through absorption A, a voltage-sharing step-down E1D, two voltage-sharing step-down E2D, three voltage-sharing step-down E3D, reverse discharge E4D, evacuation V, three voltage-sharing step-up E3R, two voltage-sharing step-up E2R, a voltage-sharing step-up E1R, the FR process that finally steps up.
Table 2 is a table of the operating timing of 8 first adsorption columns 1 of PSA 1.
TABLE 2 working timing chart of PSA1 adsorption tower
The procedure for the separation and recovery of PSA1 in this example was as follows:
(1) adsorption (A)
The tail gas of the ethylbenzene plant enters the tower A19 in an adsorption state from the bottom of the tower A19 through the first gas inlet pipe 5, and is selectively adsorbed by various adsorbents, wherein the strongly adsorbed component C2H6、C2H4When adsorbed, the component H which is weakly adsorbed and is not adsorbed is adsorbed2CO and the like as adsorption waste gas flow out from the top of the tower A19 through a first waste gas pipe 4 and are sent out of the device;
(2) yi Yun Jiang (E1D)
The gas with higher pressure in the tower A19 is output from the top of the tower A19 and input from the top of the tower D22 along the adsorption direction through a first pressure equalizing pipeline 3, and the uniform reduction is finished until the pressures of the two towers are basically equal;
(3) eryun Jiang (E2D)
The gas with higher pressure in the tower A19 is output from the top of the tower A19 and input from the top of the tower E23 along the adsorption direction through a first pressure equalizing pipeline 3, and the two equal drops are finished until the pressures of the two towers are basically equal;
(4) three equal descending (E3D)
The higher pressure gas in column a19 is withdrawn from the top of column a19 and introduced from the top of column F24 along the adsorption direction through a first equalization line 3 until the pressures in both columns are substantially equal, and the three drops are complete;
(5) put in the wrong direction (D)
After the third average pressure drop is finished, the pressure of the tower A19 is reduced to 0.02MPaG, the reverse-releasing gas in the tower A19 is discharged through the reverse-releasing pipe 6, is input from the bottom of the tower I27 through the second gas inlet pipe 34, and then is used as the raw gas for two-stage pressure swing adsorption;
(6) vacuum pumping (V)
The pressure of the tower A19 is reduced from 0.02MPaG to-0.08 MPaG, part of the gas is extracted by the first vacuum pump system 2, is sent to the vacuum tube 7 to be discharged, enters from the bottom of the tower I27 through the second gas inlet tube 34, and then is used as the raw gas of the two-stage pressure swing adsorption;
(7) three equal liter (E3R)
After the vacuum pumping is finished, the gas with higher pressure in the tower D22 is put into the tower A19 through the first pressure equalizing pipeline 3, and three equal lifts are finished until the pressures of the two towers are basically equal;
(8) erzhongsheng (E2R)
The higher pressure gas in column E23 is placed into column a19 via first pressure equalization line 3 until the two column pressures are substantially equal, and the two equalization rises;
(9) uniform lift (E2R)
The higher pressure gas in column F24 is fed into column a19 via first pressure equalization line 3 until the pressures in the two columns are substantially equal, one equalization being complete;
(10) final liter (FR)
After completion of the equalization process, the column pressure a19 is slowly and smoothly raised to the adsorption pressure by the adsorption off-gas by the first regulating valve 9, and the process is ended.
In this way, column a19 completes a complete "adsorption-regeneration" cycle and is ready for the next adsorption. The remaining 7 adsorption columns performed the same process as column a19, but staggered 2 steps in time to ensure that the entire process was continuous.
The PSA2 is composed of 6 second adsorption towers 10, a first replacement pipeline 11, a second replacement pipeline 12, a second vacuum pump system 13, an air outlet pipe 14, a second pressure equalizing pipeline 15, a second exhaust gas pipe 16, a second programmable valve 17, a compressor 33, a second air inlet pipe 34 and a second regulating valve 18, and each adsorption tower adsorption cycle passes through adsorption a, a uniform drop E1D, replacement RP, vacuum pumping V, a uniform rise E1R and a final rise FR process. Table 3 is a timing chart of the operation of the 6 second adsorption columns 10 of PSA 2.
TABLE 3 working timing chart of PSA2 adsorption tower
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Tower I | A | A | E1D | RP | RP | Isolation of | V | V | V | V | E1R | FR |
| Column J | E1R | FR | A | A | E1D | RP | RP | Isolation of | V | V | V | V |
| Tower K | V | V | E1R | FR | A | A | E1D | RP | RP | Isolation of | V | V |
| Tower L | V | V | V | V | E1R | FR | A | A | E1D | RP | RP | Isolation of |
| Tower M | RP | Isolation of | V | V | V | V | E1R | FR | A | A | E1D | RP |
| Tower N | E1D | RP | RP | Isolation of | V | V | V | V | E1R | FR | A | A |
The procedure for the separation and recovery of PSA2 in this example was as follows:
(11) adsorption (A)
The gas in a reverse discharge pipe 6 and a vacuum pipe 7 of PSA1 is used as raw material gas and is input into a second gas inlet pipe 34, the pressure in a tower I27 is 0.02-0.05 MPaG, the raw material gas enters a tower I27 in an adsorption state from the bottom of a tower I27 through the second gas inlet pipe 34, and under the selective adsorption of a plurality of adsorbents, a strong adsorption component C2H6、C2H4When the component H is adsorbed, the product ethane gas is obtained, and the unadsorbed weak adsorption component H2CO, etc. as an adsorption off-gas, flows through the second off-gas pipe 16 from the top of the column, is fed into the first inlet pipe 5 under compression by the compressor 33, and is used as a PSA1 raw material for further recovery of ethane;
(12) yi Yun Jiang (E1D)
After the adsorption is finished, along the adsorption direction, the gas with higher pressure in the tower I27 is placed into the tower K29 from the top of the tower I27 through a second pressure equalizing pipeline 15, and the uniform reduction is finished until the pressures of the two towers are basically equal;
(13) substitution (RP)
After the equalization, high-concentration product ethane gas in the gas extraction pipe 14 is extracted to replace the tower I27 from the bottom of the tower I27 through a first replacement pipeline 12, continuous replacement waste gas flows through a second replacement pipeline 12 from the top of the tower I27, and the continuous replacement waste gas is input into a first gas inlet pipe 5 under the compression of a compressor 33 to be used as PSA1 raw material for further recovery of ethane;
(14) vacuum pumping (V)
After the replacement is finished, the pressure of the tower I27 is reduced from 0.02MPaG to-0.08 MPaG, the tower I27 is vacuumized by a second vacuum pump system 13, the extracted gas is discharged from a gas outlet pipe 14, and the part of gas is ethane product gas;
(15) uniform lift (E2R)
After the vacuum pumping is finished, the gas with higher pressure in the tower M31 is put into the tower I27 through the second pressure equalizing pipeline 15, and the one-time equalizing is finished until the pressures of the two towers are basically equal;
(16) final liter (FR)
After completion of a homolift process, the column pressure I27 is slowly and smoothly raised to the adsorption pressure by the adsorption off-gas through the second regulating valve 18.
In this way, column I27 completes a complete "adsorption-regeneration" cycle and is ready for the next adsorption. The remaining 5 adsorption columns performed the same process as column I27, but staggered 2 steps in time to ensure that the entire process was continuous.
The product gas collected from PSA2 treatment was analyzed by inspection and the results are shown in table 4.
The recovery of C2+ was analyzed to be 99.9%, whereas in the prior art the recovery was about 95%, which shows a higher recovery and a higher purity for the present application.
TABLE 4 product C2+ composition
| Item | Composition (V%) |
| Hydrogen gas | 0.08 |
| Carbon monoxide | 0.02 |
| Ethane (III) | 97.71 |
| Ethylene | 1.94 |
| Five and more carbons | 0.25 |
The above-mentioned embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention, but all the insubstantial modifications or changes made within the spirit and scope of the main design of the present invention, which still solve the technical problems consistent with the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A two-section pressure swing adsorption system for recovering adsorbed components is characterized by comprising a section of separation mechanism for primary separation of the adsorbed components and a section of separation mechanism which is connected with the section of separation mechanism through a pipeline and secondarily separates the adsorbed components, wherein,
the first-stage separation mechanism is used for sequentially performing adsorption, pressure equalizing and reducing, reverse releasing, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and boosting and final boosting processes on gas, primarily separating the gas and conveying adsorption components separated in the reverse releasing and vacuumizing processes to the second-stage separation mechanism for re-separation;
the two-stage separation mechanism is used for sequentially performing adsorption, pressure equalizing and reducing, replacement, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and boosting and final boosting processes on adsorption components separated from the reverse releasing and vacuumizing process of the first-stage separation mechanism or sequentially performing adsorption, replacement, pressure equalizing and reducing, vacuumizing, pressure equalizing and boosting and final boosting processes, pressurizing and conveying gas in the adsorption and replacement processes into the first-stage separation mechanism for cyclic separation, outputting the adsorption components separated in the vacuumizing process as final product gas, and separating the gas pressure by the two-stage separation mechanism through normal pressure and pressure swing separation;
the first-stage separation mechanism comprises a plurality of first adsorption towers (1), a first vacuum pump system (2) respectively connected with the bottoms of the first adsorption towers (1), first pressure equalizing pipelines (3) respectively connected with the tops of the first adsorption towers (1), first waste gas pipes (4) which are connected with the first pressure equalizing pipelines (3) through a plurality of pipelines and each of which is in one-to-one correspondence with each first adsorption tower (1), first gas inlet pipes (5) which are connected with the first vacuum pump system (2) through a plurality of pipelines and each of which is in one-to-one correspondence with each first adsorption tower (1), reverse release pipes (6) which are respectively connected with the bottoms of the first adsorption towers (1) through pipelines and are used for conveying adsorption components to a second-stage separation mechanism, vacuum pipes (7) which are connected to the first vacuum pump system (2) and are used for conveying the adsorption components to the second-stage separation mechanism, the system comprises a plurality of first program control valves (8) which are respectively arranged on connecting pipelines of the first waste gas pipes (4) and each first adsorption tower (1) in one-to-one correspondence, connecting pipelines of first gas inlet pipes (5) and each first adsorption tower (1) in one-to-one correspondence, connecting pipelines of reverse release pipes (6) and each first adsorption tower (1) in one-to-one correspondence, and used for controlling gas inlet and gas outlet of each first adsorption tower (1), and two first regulating valves (9) which are arranged on the first waste gas pipes (4) and connected between the first waste gas pipes (4) and a first pressure equalizing pipeline (3), wherein the number of the first adsorption towers (1) is at least 4;
the two-stage separation mechanism comprises a plurality of second adsorption towers (10), a first replacement pipeline (11) respectively connected with the bottom of each second adsorption tower (10), a second replacement pipeline (12) respectively connected with the top of each second adsorption tower (10), a second vacuum pump system (13) connected with the first replacement pipeline (11) and used for vacuumizing each second adsorption tower (10), a second air inlet pipe (34) with one end connected with the vacuum pipe (7) and the reverse release pipe (6) and the other end connected with the second vacuum pump system (13) through a plurality of pipelines, an air outlet pipe (14) connected with the second vacuum pump system (13) and used for outputting separated components obtained in the vacuumizing process of the second adsorption tower (10), and a second pressure equalizing pipeline (15) connected with the second replacement pipeline (12) and used for equalizing the pressure of each second adsorption tower (10), a second waste gas pipe (16) which is connected with the second pressure equalizing pipeline (15) through a plurality of pipelines and each pipeline respectively corresponds to each second adsorption tower (10), a plurality of second program control valves (17) which are arranged on each connecting pipeline of a second vacuum pump system (13) and a second gas inlet pipe (34) and each connecting pipeline of the second pressure equalizing pipeline (15) and the second waste gas pipe (16), a second regulating valve (18) which is connected between the second pressure equalizing pipeline (15) and the second waste gas pipe (16), and a compressor (33) of which one end is respectively connected with the second waste gas pipe (16) and a second replacement pipeline (12) through pipelines and the other end is connected with a first gas inlet pipe (5) through a pipeline, wherein the first replacement pipeline (11) is connected with a gas outlet pipe (14), the second waste gas pipe (16) is used for inputting the adsorption of each second waste gas adsorption tower (10) into the first gas inlet pipe (5), the number of the second adsorption towers (10) is at least 4.
2. The two-stage pressure swing adsorption system for recovering an adsorbed component of claim 1, wherein the gas pressure of the first adsorption column (1) during the adsorption process is between 0.02MpaG and 10.0MpaG, and the gas pressure of the first adsorption column (1) during the evacuation process is between 0.02MpaG and-0.08 MpaG.
3. The two-stage pressure swing adsorption system for recovering an adsorbed component of claim 2, wherein the gas pressure of the second adsorption column (10) during the adsorption process is 0.01 to 0.1MpaG, the gas pressure of the second adsorption column (10) during the displacement process is 0.01 to 0.05MpaG, and the gas pressure of the second adsorption column (10) during the evacuation process is 0.02 to-0.08 MpaG.
4. The two-stage pressure swing adsorption system for recovery of adsorbed components of claim 1 wherein the recovered adsorbed components comprise methane, C2, C3, C3+, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, wherein C2 is a hydrocarbon with a carbon number of 2, C3 is a hydrocarbon with a carbon number of 3, and C3+ is a hydrocarbon with a carbon number greater than 3.
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