CN212729947U - Bendable intramedullary nail - Google Patents

Bendable intramedullary nail Download PDF

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Publication number
CN212729947U
CN212729947U CN202020221418.6U CN202020221418U CN212729947U CN 212729947 U CN212729947 U CN 212729947U CN 202020221418 U CN202020221418 U CN 202020221418U CN 212729947 U CN212729947 U CN 212729947U
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section
target bone
bendable
intramedullary nail
head
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CN202020221418.6U
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侯志勇
尹英超
张瑞鹏
李严
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Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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Abstract

The utility model provides a bendable intramedullary nail, which belongs to the field of intramedullary nails and comprises a head section, an elastic section and a tail section which are connected in sequence. The head section is used for being inserted into the first end of the target bone and fixed with the first end of the target bone, and a first guide pin hole is formed in the head section along the axis and forms an included angle alpha with the elastic section. The tail section is used for being inserted into the second end of the target bone and fixed with the second end of the target bone, a second guide pin hole is formed in the tail section along the axis, an included angle beta is formed between the tail section and the elastic section, and the included angle beta is opposite to the opening direction of the included angle alpha. The follow is dodged to the elastic section first guide pin hole with the guide pin that second guide pin hole passed for bending deformation, the utility model discloses a flexible intramedullary nail inserts from the inside wall of target bone first end when using, need not to avoid tissues such as tendon on the target bone terminal surface, and the operation process is simple and convenient, and it is long when having shortened the operation, has reduced the operation degree of difficulty.

Description

Bendable intramedullary nail
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of intramedullary nails, in particular to a bendable intramedullary nail.
Background
Tibial fracture is a common disease in bone fracture surgery, and has a tendency to increase in recent years, and the medical community has paid more attention to treatment of tibial fracture. Internal fixation of a compression steel plate, external fixation of a fixed frame, tibia intramedullary nail fixation and the like are common methods for clinically treating tibia fracture. The tibia intramedullary nail is more consistent with the human biomechanics principle in fixation, can effectively avoid damage to soft tissues and periosteum, is beneficial to callus formation at a broken bone, promotes fracture healing, and has the advantages of light soft tissue injury, minimal trauma, reliable fixation, short operation time, quick functional recovery, early postoperative rehabilitation exercise and the like.
Current intramedullary nails used for tibial intramedullary nail fixation are generally straight or slightly curved. The intramedullary nail is required to be inserted into a cavity of the tibia from the end surface of the proximal end of the tibia for fixing, so that the intramedullary nail extends along the inner cavity of the tibia. However, the knee joint is formed between the proximal tibia and the distal femur, and tissues such as the patellar tendon and the like are attached to the end surface of the proximal tibia, so that the existing intramedullary nail is adopted to perform the operation, the tissues attached to the end surface of the proximal tibia need to be avoided, and the operation difficulty is high and the operation time is long.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a bendable intramedullary nail to solve the current intramedullary nail of adoption that exists among the prior art and perform the operation, need avoid the tissue such as adnexed tendon on the target bone terminal surface, the operation degree of difficulty is great, the longer technical problem of time.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the technical solution that a bendable intramedullary nail is provided, comprising: the head section, the elastic section and the tail section are connected in sequence;
the head section is used for being inserted into and fixed with the first end of the target bone, a first guide pin hole is formed along the axis, and an included angle alpha is formed between the head section and the elastic section;
the tail section is used for being inserted into and fixed with the second end of the target bone, a second guide pin hole is formed in the tail section along the axis, an included angle beta is formed between the tail section and the elastic section, and the opening direction of the included angle beta is opposite to that of the included angle alpha;
the elastic section avoids guide pins passing through the first guide pin hole and the second guide pin hole and is used for bending deformation so that the head section and the tail section can conform to the inner cavity of the target bone.
As another embodiment of the present application, the head section and the tail section are located in the same plane, and the bending direction of the elastic section is parallel to the plane where the head section and the tail section are located.
As another embodiment of the present application, the flexible segments pass through the fractured surface of the target bone and are adapted to be secured to the fractured ends of the target bone, respectively, when the bendable intramedullary nail is inserted into the lumen of the target bone.
As another embodiment of the present application, the elastic section includes a flat area, and at least two bone fracture fixation holes are formed on a flat surface of the flat area; when the bendable intramedullary nail penetrates into the inner cavity of the target bone, the flat area penetrates through the fracture section of the target bone, and the two fracture fixing holes are respectively used for fixing two ends of the fracture of the target bone.
As another embodiment of the present application, the elastic section is flat, and the long axis of the cross section of the elastic section is perpendicular to the plane of the head section and the tail section.
As another embodiment of the application, the side surface of the head section, which is positioned on the inner side of the included angle alpha, is provided with a first attaching area which is matched with the inner wall of the first end of the target bone.
As another embodiment of the application, the tail section is located on the side surface of the inner side of the included angle beta, and a second attaching area matched with the inner wall of the second end of the target bone is arranged on the side surface of the inner side of the included angle beta.
As another embodiment of the present application, the head section is provided with a head fixing hole for fixing with the first end of the target bone, and the tail section is provided with a tail fixing hole for fixing with the second end of the target bone.
As another embodiment of the present application, the head fixation hole has a plurality, and at least one of the head fixation holes faces an end surface of the first end of the target bone.
As another embodiment of the present application, the tail fixing hole has a plurality, and at least one tail fixing hole faces an end surface of the second end of the target bone.
In use, two fractured bones are reset, and then guide pins are inserted into the two bones, inserted into the inner cavity of the target bone from the inner side wall of the first end of the target bone, extended through the fracture section along the inner cavity of the target bone and extended out from the outer side wall of the second end of the target bone. And then the tail section is sleeved on the guide pin through the second guide pin hole, the elastic section avoids the guide pin, and the head section is sleeved on the guide pin through the first guide pin hole. Keep contained angle alpha opening direction orientation the target bone outside, contained angle beta opening direction orientation the inboard state of target bone, follow the tail section the inside wall of the first end of target bone is inserted in the inner chamber of target bone along the guide pin, and pass through elastic segment bending deformation makes the tail section continue to stretch into to the second end of target bone along the guide pin, because the existence of contained angle alpha elastic segment only need less deformation alright make the tail section continue to stretch into for the elastic segment only needs to have less elasticity. When the elastic section enters the inner cavity of the target bone and the head section is about to enter the inner cavity of the target bone, the bending deformation of the elastic section reaches the maximum, at the moment, the operator rotates the head section, the head section drives the elastic section and the tail section to rotate, so that the opening direction of the included angle alpha faces the inner side of the target bone, the opening direction of the included angle beta faces the outer side of the target bone, the elastic section recovers, due to the existence of the included angle beta, the tail section can continue to be inserted into the inner cavity of the second end of the target bone along the guide pin, and the head section can also continue to be inserted into the inner cavity of the first end of the target. Finally, the head section is fixed with the first end of the target bone, and the tail section is fixed with the second end of the target bone.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a bendable intramedullary nail's beneficial effect lies in: compared with the prior art, the bendable intramedullary nail of the embodiment of the utility model, when using, inserts from the inside wall of the first end of target bone, need not to avoid tissues such as tendons on the target bone terminal surface, and the operation process is simple and convenient, and it is long when having shortened the operation, has reduced the operation degree of difficulty.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a bendable intramedullary nail according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a head segment of the bendable intramedullary nail of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the tail section of the bendable intramedullary nail of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the tail portion of the bendable intramedullary nail of FIG. 1 inserted into a first end of a target bone;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the tail section of FIG. 4 continuing to extend toward the second end of the target bone to flexurally deform the flexible section;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the head section of FIG. 5 rotated to extend the tail section into the second end of the target bone, the head section fixed to the first end of the target bone, and the tail section fixed to the second end of the target bone;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a bendable intramedullary nail according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the bendable intramedullary nail of fig. 7 with the head portion fixed to a first end of the target bone, the tail portion fixed to a second end of the target bone, and the flexible portion fixed to both ends of the fracture of the target bone.
Wherein, in the figures, the respective reference numerals:
1-head segment; 11-a first guide pin hole; 12-a first application zone; 13-head fixation holes; 2-an elastic segment; 21-broken bone fixing holes; 3-tail section; 31-a second guide pin hole; 32-a second conformable region; 33-tail fixation holes; 4-a first end; 5-a second end; 6-guiding a needle; 7-fracture section.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problem, technical solution and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments to illustrate the present invention in further detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, a bendable intramedullary nail according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. A bendable intramedullary nail, comprising: the head section 1, the elastic section 2 and the tail section 3 are connected in sequence.
The head section 1 is used for being inserted into the first end 4 of the target bone and fixed with the first end 4 of the target bone, and a first guide pin 6 hole 11 is arranged along the axis and forms an included angle alpha with the elastic section 2. The tail section 3 is used for being inserted into the second end 5 of the target bone and fixed with the second end 5 of the target bone, a second guide pin 6 hole 31 is arranged along the axis, an included angle beta is formed between the tail section and the elastic section 2, and the opening direction of the included angle beta is opposite to that of the included angle alpha. The flexible section 2 avoids the guide pin 6 passing through the first guide pin 6 hole 11 and the second guide pin 6 hole 31 for bending deformation so as to enable the head section 1 and the tail section 3 to follow the inner cavity of the target bone.
In use, two fractured bones are reduced, and then a flexible guide pin 6 is inserted into the two bones, wherein the guide pin 6 is inserted into the target bone cavity from the inner side wall of the first end 4 of the target bone, then extends along the target bone cavity, extends through the fracture surface 7 and exits from the outer side wall of the second end 5 of the target bone. And then the tail section 3 is sleeved on the guide pin 6 through the hole 31 of the second guide pin 6, the elastic section 2 avoids the guide pin 6, and the head section 1 is sleeved on the guide pin 6 through the hole 11 of the first guide pin 6. The tail section 3 is inserted into the inner cavity of the target bone from the inner side wall of the first end 4 of the target bone along the guide pin 6 with the opening direction of the included angle alpha facing the outer side of the target bone and the opening direction of the included angle beta facing the inner side of the target bone, see fig. 4. Through the bending deformation of the elastic section 2, the tail section 3 continues to extend into the second end 5 of the target bone along the guide pin 6, and the elastic section 2 can continue to extend into the tail section 3 only by small deformation due to the existence of the included angle α, so that the elastic section 2 only needs to have small elasticity, and the method is shown in fig. 5. When the elastic section 2 enters the inner cavity of the target bone and the head section 1 is about to enter the inner cavity of the target bone, the bending deformation of the elastic section 2 reaches the maximum, at the moment, the operator rotates the head section 1, the head section 1 drives the elastic section 2 and the tail section 3 to rotate, so that the opening direction of the included angle alpha faces the inner side of the target bone, the opening direction of the included angle beta faces the outer side of the target bone, and the elastic section 2 recovers, see fig. 6. Due to the included angle β, the tail section 3 can be inserted into the lumen of the second end 5 of the target bone along the guide pin 6, and the head section 1 can also be inserted into the lumen of the first end 4 of the target bone. Finally, the head segment 1 is secured to the first end 4 of the target bone and the tail segment 3 is secured to the second end 5 of the target bone, see fig. 6.
Compared with the prior art, the bendable intramedullary nail of the embodiment of the utility model, when using, inserts from the inside wall of the first end 4 of target bone, need not to avoid the tissue such as tendon on the target bone terminal surface, and the operation process is simple and convenient, and it is long when having shortened the operation, has reduced the operation degree of difficulty.
In this embodiment, the specific structure of the head section 1 and the tail section 3 can refer to the head section 1 and the tail section 3 of the existing intramedullary nail, for example, the head section 1 and the tail section 3 are both cylindrical and are respectively provided with a locking screw hole. After the tail section 3 is inserted into the second end 5 of the target bone, the tail section 3 may be fixed with the second end 5 of the target bone by a locking screw. After the head segment 1 is inserted into the first end 4 of the target bone, the head segment 1 may be fixed with the first end 4 of the target bone by a locking screw.
The elastic section 2 bends and deforms to enable the head section 1 and the tail section 3 to follow the inner cavity of the target bone, and the bending deformation of the elastic section 2 is used for relieving pressure when the head section 1 and the tail section 3 are extruded by the inner wall of the target bone in the process that the head section 1 and the tail section 3 are inserted into the inner cavity of the target bone, so that the head section 1 and the tail section 3 can continuously slide along the inner wall of the target bone without clamping stagnation.
The elastic section 2 can avoid the guide pin 6 passing through the first guide pin 6 hole 11 and the second guide pin 6 hole 31 by arranging a through hole. The head section 1, the elastic section 2, and the tail section 3 may be an integral structure, and the elastic section 2 may have elasticity capable of bending deformation by setting the size of the elastic section 2 to be small. The elastic section 2 may be made of a material different from the material of the head section 1 and the tail section 3, and the elastic section 2 may be made of a material having a certain elasticity to be capable of bending and deforming. In particular, the resilient section 2 may be cylindrical or flat. The included angles alpha and beta are generally obtuse angles.
More specifically, the head section 1 and the tail section 3 and the relaxed elastic section 2 may be in the same plane, or the head section 1 and the tail section 3 may be in different planes, that is, the included angle α and the included angle β are in different planes, for example, the head section 1 and the tail section 3 are at an angle in the circumferential direction of the elastic section 2.
Generally speaking, the target bone to which the bendable intramedullary nail of the embodiments of the present invention can be applied is a long bone of a human limb, such as tibia, femur, etc., but other types of bones that can be applied are not excluded.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 4 to 8, as a specific embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail of the present invention, the head section 1 and the tail section 3 are located in the same plane, and the bending direction of the elastic section 2 is parallel to the plane of the head section 1 and the tail section 3. The structure is convenient to process, the direction of the tail section 3 is easier to control, and the use is more convenient.
In this embodiment, the head section 1, the tail section 3 and the relaxed elastic section 2 are located in the same plane, so that the elastic section 2 is bent and deformed in the plane, and the bendable intramedullary nail is S-shaped as a whole.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, as an embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, when the bendable intramedullary nail penetrates into the inner cavity of the target bone, the elastic section 2 penetrates through the fracture section 7 of the target bone and is used to be fixed to the two ends of the target bone fracture respectively. With the structure, the two ends of the target bone fracture can be fixed by the elastic section 2, so that the two ends of the target bone fracture are butted more firmly.
In this embodiment, the elastic segments 2 may be fixed to both ends of the target bone fracture by locking screws. Specifically, the elastic section 2 may be cylindrical and provided with a plurality of locking screw holes in a radial direction, so that the elastic section 2 may be fixed to both ends of the target bone fracture, respectively, by the locking screws.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, as a specific embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail of the present invention, the elastic section 2 includes a flat area, and at least two bone fracture fixation holes 21 are disposed on the flat surface of the flat area; when the bendable intramedullary nail is inserted into the lumen of the target bone, the flattened area penetrates the fractured surface 7 of the target bone, and the two fractured bone fixation holes 21 are used to fix the two ends of the fractured target bone, respectively.
In this embodiment, the elastic section 2 may be a flat area in whole or in part. The flat surface of the flat area is more easily provided with the fractured bone fixing hole 21. More than two broken bone fixing holes 21 are distributed along the axial direction of the elastic section 2, and when the device is used, the proper broken bone fixing holes 21 can be selected according to the positions of the broken bone fixing holes 21 to be fixed with the two ends of the target bone fracture. The distance between the fractured bone fixation holes 21 should be short so that the portion of the elastic segment 2 between the fractured bone fixation holes 21 has less elasticity. The fractured bone fixing holes 21 are locking screw holes, when the bendable intramedullary nail penetrates into the inner cavity of the target bone, the flat area penetrates through the fracture section 7 of the target bone, so that the fractured bone fixing holes 21 on the flat area are respectively positioned in the two ends of the fracture of the target bone, and the locking screws are externally inserted into the inner cavity of the target bone from the two ends of the fracture of the target bone and are respectively fixed with the fractured bone fixing holes 21. The head section 1 and the tail section 3 in the present embodiment are the same in structure as the head section 1 and the tail section 3 in the other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in an embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail of the present invention, the elastic section 2 is flat, and the long axis of the cross section of the elastic section 2 is perpendicular to the plane of the head section 1 and the tail section 3.
In this embodiment, the elastic section 2 is flat, so that the elastic section 2 can be bent and deformed in a direction perpendicular to the flat surface, and the rigidity of the elastic section 2 is greater in a direction parallel to the flat surface, so that the firmness of butt joint of two ends of the target bone fracture can be ensured. In this case, the elastic section 2 may be made of the same metal material as the head section 1 and the tail section 3, and the elastic section 2 may have a certain elasticity by providing the elastic section 2 in a flat shape. The upper end of elastic segment 2 is connected with the side of head 1 lower extreme, and the lower extreme is connected with the side of the 3 upper ends of tail section to make elastic segment 2 can dodge from the guide pin 6 that first guide pin 6 hole 11 and the 6 holes 31 of second guide pin passed.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 6, as an embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail of the present invention, a first attaching area 12 is disposed on a side surface of the head section 1 located inside the included angle α, and is engaged with an inner wall of the first end 4 of the target bone.
In this embodiment, after the head segment 1 is inserted into the first end 4 of the target bone, the first attaching area 12 can be stably attached to the inner wall of the first end 4 of the target bone, so as to improve the stability. The section of the head section 1 is circular, and the axis of the head section 1 is set to be in a shape matched with the inner wall of the first end 4 of the target bone, so that the side surface of the head section 1, which is positioned at the inner side of the included angle alpha, forms a first attaching area 12.
Referring to fig. 1, 3 and 6, as an embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail of the present invention, a second attaching area 32 is disposed on a side surface of the tail section 3 located at an inner side of the included angle β and is engaged with an inner wall of the second end 5 of the target bone.
In this embodiment, after the tail section 3 is inserted into the second end 5 of the target bone, the second fitting region 32 can be stably fitted to the inner wall of the second end 5 of the target bone, so as to improve the stability. The section of the tail section 3 is circular, and the axis of the tail section 3 is set to be in a shape matched with the inner wall of the second end 5 of the target bone, so that the side surface of the tail section 3, which is positioned at the inner side of the included angle beta, forms a second attaching area 32.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, as an embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail of the present invention, the head section 1 is provided with a head fixing hole 13 for fixing with the first end 4 of the target bone, and the tail section 3 is provided with a tail fixing hole 33 for fixing with the second end 5 of the target bone.
In this embodiment, the head fixing hole 13 is a locking screw hole, the head section 1 is cylindrical, and the head fixing hole 13 is arranged along the radial direction of the head section 1. Tail fixed orifices 33 are locking screw holes, and tail section 3 is cylindrical, and tail fixed orifices 33 set up along tail section 3's radial.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4 to 8, as an embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail of the present invention, the head fixing holes 13 are provided in a plurality, and at least one head fixing hole 13 faces the end surface of the first end 4 of the target bone.
In this embodiment, a plurality of head fixing holes 13 are respectively arranged along the radial direction of the head section 1 and form an included angle therebetween, and the locking screw is fixed with the first end 4 of the target bone through the head fixing holes 13. In addition to the above, there is a head fixing hole 13 facing the end surface of the first end 4 of the target bone, and the locking screw can support the end surface of the first end 4 of the target bone after passing through the head fixing hole 13 to prevent the end surface of the first end 4 of the target bone from collapsing. For example, when the target bone is a tibia, the proximal end of the tibia is a first end 4, the end surface of the first end 4 of the tibia is a tibial plateau, and the distal end of the tibia is a second end 5, with the bendable intramedullary nail of the present embodiment, at least one head fixing hole 13 faces the tibial plateau, and the locking screw can support the tibial plateau after passing through the head fixing hole 13, so as to prevent the tibial plateau from collapsing.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3 to 8, as an embodiment of the bendable intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, the tail fixing holes 33 are plural, and at least one tail fixing hole 33 faces the end surface of the second end 5 of the target bone.
In this embodiment, a plurality of tail fixing holes 33 are respectively arranged along the radial direction of the tail section 3 and form an included angle therebetween, and the locking screw is fixed with the first end 4 of the target bone through the head fixing holes 13. In addition to the above, there is a tail fixing hole 33 facing the end surface of the second end 5 of the target bone, and the locking screw passing through the tail fixing hole 33 can support the end surface of the second end 5 of the target bone and prevent the end surface of the second end 5 of the target bone from collapsing.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A bendable intramedullary nail, comprising: the head section, the elastic section and the tail section are connected in sequence;
the head section is used for being inserted into and fixed with the first end of the target bone, a first guide pin hole is formed along the axis, and an included angle alpha is formed between the head section and the elastic section;
the tail section is used for being inserted into and fixed with the second end of the target bone, a second guide pin hole is formed in the tail section along the axis, an included angle beta is formed between the tail section and the elastic section, and the opening direction of the included angle beta is opposite to that of the included angle alpha;
the elastic section avoids guide pins passing through the first guide pin hole and the second guide pin hole and is used for bending deformation so that the head section and the tail section can conform to the inner cavity of the target bone.
2. The bendable intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein the head section and the tail section lie in a common plane, and the direction of bending of the elastic section is parallel to the plane in which the head section and the tail section lie.
3. The bendable intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein the elastic segment passes through a fractured surface of the target bone and is adapted to be secured to respective ends of the fractured surface of the target bone as the bendable intramedullary nail is inserted into the lumen of the target bone.
4. The bendable intramedullary nail of claim 3, wherein the resilient section comprises a flattened area, the flattened area having at least two fractured bone fixation holes on a flattened side; when the bendable intramedullary nail penetrates into the inner cavity of the target bone, the flat area penetrates through the fracture section of the target bone, and the two fracture fixing holes are respectively used for fixing two ends of the fracture of the target bone.
5. The bendable intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein the spring section is flat and has a long axis of cross-section perpendicular to a plane in which the head section and the tail section lie.
6. The bendable intramedullary nail of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the side of the head portion that is located inside the included angle α is provided with a first abutment region that is coincident with the inner wall of the first end of the target bone.
7. The bendable intramedullary nail of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the side of the tail section inboard of the included angle β is provided with a second abutment region that engages the inner wall of the second end of the target bone.
8. The bendable intramedullary nail of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the head section is provided with a head fixation hole for fixation to a first end of the target bone and the tail section is provided with a tail fixation hole for fixation to a second end of the target bone.
9. The bendable intramedullary nail of claim 8, wherein the head fixation hole has a plurality and at least one of the head fixation holes faces an end surface of the first end of the target bone.
10. The bendable intramedullary nail of claim 8, wherein the plurality of caudal fixation holes are provided and at least one of the caudal fixation holes is directed toward an end surface of the second end of the target bone.
CN202020221418.6U 2020-02-27 2020-02-27 Bendable intramedullary nail Active CN212729947U (en)

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