CN212693169U - Ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on electrostatic ultrasonic sensor - Google Patents
Ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on electrostatic ultrasonic sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN212693169U CN212693169U CN202022158388.1U CN202022158388U CN212693169U CN 212693169 U CN212693169 U CN 212693169U CN 202022158388 U CN202022158388 U CN 202022158388U CN 212693169 U CN212693169 U CN 212693169U
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides an ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor, including: the sensor module and the signal processing circuit module; the sensor module comprises an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor and is placed before leakage to be detected, and the signal processing circuit module comprises an amplifying circuit, a high-pass filter circuit and a low-pass filter circuit which are sequentially connected; the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor transmits a detected signal to the amplifying circuit for amplification, and the high-pass filter circuit and the low-pass filter circuit respectively perform high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering on the amplified signal in sequence. The technical scheme can carry out real-time online detection on the running container, does not influence normal work, and does not need to disassemble parts for detection.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the safety leakage detects, especially, relate to ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on electrostatic ultrasonic sensor.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Micro weep holes are a major form of pressure vessel failure and are the primary cause of failure in mechanical equipment and pressure vessels. Therefore, the detection of the tiny leakage hole of the pressure container and the positioning research of the position of the leakage hole have important significance.
Ultrasonic detection is at present a nondestructive testing technique that develops very fast in China and is widely applied, some sensors and software analysis systems with high performance can position the position of a welding seam, and the nondestructive testing technique has the advantages of wide detection object, high detection precision, capability of positioning defects, high sensitivity, no influence on human bodies, convenience in carrying, capability of being used on site and the like, can detect cracks on the inner surface of the welding seam of a pressure container, can detect cracks on the outer surface of the welding seam, and can detect defects of butt welding seams.
Ultrasonic detection cannot be achieved by ultrasonic transducers, which are the most widespread transducers in ultrasonic applications. The ultrasonic transducer applied to pressure vessel detection at present is mainly a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer and the like, wherein the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer does not need to be in contact with an object and can be applied to high-temperature, high-speed and on-line detection.
The inventor finds that in the research, in the prior art, for the detection of the tiny leakage of the pressure container, the ultrasonic principle is used for scanning a probe, a coupling agent is needed, an ultrasonic signal can feed back the shape and the size of a crack, and the detection of the volume type crack under the surface layer of the workpiece is effective.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure provides an ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor, which can perform real-time online detection on a container in operation without affecting normal operation.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, an ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor is disclosed, comprising: the sensor module and the signal processing circuit module;
the sensor module comprises an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor and is placed before leakage to be detected, and the signal processing circuit module comprises an amplifying circuit, a high-pass filter circuit and a low-pass filter circuit which are sequentially connected;
the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor transmits a detected signal to the amplifying circuit for amplification, and the high-pass filter circuit and the low-pass filter circuit respectively perform high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering on the amplified signal in sequence.
The technical scheme is that the industrial personal computer further comprises a data acquisition card and an industrial personal computer, wherein the data acquisition card is connected with the output end of the signal processing circuit module, and the data acquisition card is placed in a slot of a case of the industrial personal computer and transmits acquired signals after filtering processing to the industrial personal computer.
According to a further technical scheme, the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor adopts an electrostatic ultrasonic transducer and is used for collecting a leakage ultrasonic signal frequency band.
According to a further technical scheme, the ultrasonic sensor further comprises a sensor shell, and the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is installed in the sensor shell.
According to a further technical scheme, the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer comprises a dielectric film plated with metal electrodes and a back electrode, and the film surface of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is connected with a sensor shell.
The technical scheme is that the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer further comprises a back pressure circuit, and the back pressure circuit is used for applying a direct current bias voltage between a dielectric film and a back electrode of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer.
According to a further technical scheme, the backpressure circuit comprises an alternating voltage generating unit, a transformer and a rectifying and filtering circuit which are sequentially connected;
the alternating voltage generating unit generates 5V-10V sine or pulse alternating voltage, the sine or pulse alternating voltage is coupled into about 220V high voltage after being transformed by a transformer, and the high voltage is converted into 200V direct voltage as the back pressure of the transducer after being rectified and filtered by the rectifying and filtering circuit.
In a further technical scheme, the alternating voltage generating unit is a single chip microcomputer or a 555 chip.
According to the technical scheme, the industrial personal computer further comprises display alarm equipment, the display alarm equipment comprises a display and an alarm, the display and the alarm are connected with the industrial personal computer respectively, leakage information processed by the industrial personal computer is displayed by the display, and when the leakage data exceed a set threshold value, the industrial personal computer starts an alarm to act.
According to the technical scheme, a plurality of electrostatic ultrasonic sensors are arranged in the sensor module and are respectively arranged before leakage to be detected, and multiple paths of signals are respectively transmitted to the industrial personal computer through respective signal processing circuit modules or a shared signal processing circuit module.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme can carry out real-time online detection on the running container, does not influence normal work, and does not need to disassemble parts for detection.
The electrostatic ultrasonic sensor of the technical scheme disclosed has wide frequency band, and due to the fact that the receiving sensitivity is limited, ultrasonic signals can be detected under the condition that signals generated by leakage of the small pressure container are close to a leakage port, but the ultrasonic signals cannot be detected when the distance becomes large, so that the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor is suitable for the condition that the signals generated by leakage are close to the leakage port.
The technical scheme disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high detection speed, visual detection result, no need of people to approach a leakage point, capability of being used in a severe environment which is difficult to be approached by people, simplicity, applicability and low requirement on operators.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a connection structure of an electrostatic ultrasonic transducer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an ultrasound system detection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a transmit echo detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic ultrasonic backpressure circuit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure showing an electrostatic ultrasonic transducer back pressure circuit.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
The embodiment discloses that one or more embodiments of the disclosure provide the following technical solutions: disclosed is an ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor, comprising: the sensor module and the signal processing circuit module;
the sensor module comprises an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor and is placed before leakage to be detected, and the signal processing circuit module comprises an amplifying circuit, a high-pass filter circuit and a low-pass filter circuit which are sequentially connected;
the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor transmits a detected signal to the amplifying circuit for amplification, and the high-pass filter circuit and the low-pass filter circuit respectively perform high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering on the amplified signal in sequence.
In an embodiment, the industrial personal computer further comprises a data acquisition card and an industrial personal computer, wherein the data acquisition card is connected with the output end of the signal processing circuit module, the data acquisition card is placed in a slot of a case of the industrial personal computer, and the data acquisition card transmits acquired signals after filtering processing to the industrial personal computer.
The electrostatic ultrasonic sensor adopts an electrostatic ultrasonic transducer and is used for acquiring a leakage ultrasonic signal frequency band.
As shown in fig. 1, specifically, the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is an important detection element for leak ultrasonic detection, and is also an important part of non-contact ultrasonic detection, and is also a novel ultrasonic transducer, and the basic principle is the principle of a condenser microphone. The ultrasonic transducer generally comprises a dielectric film plated with a metal electrode and a back electrode, a direct current bias voltage (generally 150-300V) is applied between the film and the back electrode, when sound waves act on the surface of the film, the film can generate mechanical vibration due to the action of the sound waves, the vibration can cause the capacitance of the film and the back electrode to change, the capacitance can cause the voltage between the film and the back electrode to change, the voltage is measured, and the magnitude of sound pressure can be obtained according to the relation between the voltage and the sound pressure.
The basic technical parameters of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer are as follows:
the resonance frequency is 50kHz, and the bandwidth is 60KHz (20-80 kHz);
ultrasonic beam direction angle 15 degrees (amplitude variation less than-6 dB);
reception sensitivity: 42 dB; direct current bias voltage: 200V;
ac drive voltage: 200V (peak); capacitance (at 1 kHz): 400-500 pF;
working temperature: -40- + 850C.
When the ultrasonic transducer is used specifically, a 600Series Smart Sensor model is selected, the ultrasonic transducer is suitable for an air medium environment, and has a wider frequency response range (20 KHz-80 KHz) and higher precision and sensitivity. 600Series Smart Sensor electrostatic ultrasonic transducers are currently a few of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducers known in the industry that can be used to acquire ultrasonic signals in the leaky ultrasonic signal frequency band.
In one embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor further comprises a sensor housing, and the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is mounted in the sensor housing.
The electrostatic ultrasonic transducer comprises a dielectric film plated with metal electrodes and a back electrode, and the film surface of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is connected with the sensor shell.
Specifically, the ultrasonic transducer is arranged in the sensor shell, the surface of the film is connected with the sensor shell in the assembling process, the sensor shell is prevented from scratching the film to cause short circuit in the connecting process, and all ground wires are connected to one point and connected to the ground in order to prevent electrostatic interference in the connecting process.
For an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor, a direct current bias voltage is required to be applied between a film and a back electrode and is 150-300V, 200V is required to be applied to an electrostatic probe in a laboratory environment, 5V power supply is required to be supplied to other chips of the same circuit board, a power supply source is required to be boosted, a small transformer is adopted to boost the voltage to obtain 200V voltage to supply the voltage to the electrostatic probe, the voltage generation is analyzed according to an existing electrostatic ultrasonic transducer for distance measurement, and a power supply circuit meeting the requirement is reversely deduced according to an existing transmitted echo detection circuit.
As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment, the supply voltage circuit for transmitting echo detection has the following basic principle: when the MOS transistor Q1 is switched by the pulse sequence generated by the signal source Vin, an alternating current is generated in the primary coil of the transformer. Under the action of a micro-transformer, magnetic flux generated by alternating current can induce induced voltage under the action of a secondary coil of the transformer, the turn ratio of the micro-transformer is about 70 times, and the secondary voltage induced by primary voltage is 70 times of the primary voltage, so that the effect of boosting is achieved. The working principle of the distance measuring electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is that the circuit is a circuit which integrates receiving and transmitting.
Laboratory tests prove that the receiving-transmitting integrated circuit is greatly influenced by a main active transmitting signal, the active transmitting signal is strong, the signal received by the receiver only receives the actively transmitted signal, the sensitivity is limited, and the weak ultrasonic signal generated by the leaked gas generated by the leakage of the miniature container is difficult to receive, so that the active transmitting signal is required to be inhibited or cancelled, and the high-sensitivity receiving function of the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor is only utilized.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in another embodiment, the embodiment further discloses a back pressure circuit, which is used to apply a dc bias voltage between the dielectric film and the back electrode of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer.
Because the receiving sensitivity provided by the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is low and the detection signal is weak, the back pressure circuit needs to greatly improve the sensitivity.
Specifically, the backpressure circuit comprises an alternating voltage generating unit, a transformer and a rectifying and filtering circuit which are sequentially connected;
the alternating voltage generating unit generates 5V-10V sine or pulse alternating voltage, the sine or pulse alternating voltage is coupled into about 220V high voltage after being transformed by a transformer, and the high voltage is converted into 200V direct voltage as the back pressure of the transducer after being rectified and filtered by the rectifying and filtering circuit.
The alternating voltage generating unit is a single chip microcomputer or a 555 chip. The single chip microcomputer or 555 chip is powered by 5V, the single chip microcomputer or 555 chip generates 5V-10V sine or pulse alternating current voltage, the sine or pulse alternating current voltage is transformed by a transformer, the sine or pulse alternating current voltage is coupled into about 220V high voltage, and the sine or pulse alternating current voltage is rectified and filtered to become 200V direct current voltage to be used as the back pressure of the transducer.
In an implementation example, the industrial personal computer further comprises display alarm equipment, the display alarm equipment comprises a display and an alarm, the display and the alarm are respectively connected with the industrial personal computer, the display displays leakage information processed by the industrial personal computer, and the industrial personal computer starts the alarm to act when the leakage data exceed a set threshold value.
The sensor module is provided with a plurality of electrostatic ultrasonic sensors which are respectively arranged before leakage is to be detected, and a plurality of paths of signals are respectively transmitted to the industrial personal computer through respective signal processing circuit modules or a shared signal processing circuit module.
As shown in fig. 2, the detection process is: the method comprises the steps of closing a valve of a pressure container, vacuumizing the pressure container by a vacuum pump, enabling the pressure container to be in a zero-leakage state at the moment, placing a sensor detection system at the front end of a leakage hole for detection, opening the valve, enabling gas outside the pressure container to enter the pressure container under the action of atmospheric pressure, generating ultrasonic signals and detecting leakage, enabling a sensor in the detection system to acquire high-frequency energy release signals, acquiring data through subsequent signal amplification, signal filtering and a data acquisition card, achieving signal acquisition, display, alarm and the like, and displaying whether the pressure container leaks or not.
After the voltage is boosted to the voltage at which the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor can normally work by the booster circuit, the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor starts to work, when ultrasonic signals leak from a container, the leaked ultrasonic signals can be collected by the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor, the amplification circuit is connected to the back of the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor and can amplify weak signals, and the sensor signals are subjected to data acquisition by the data acquisition system and are subjected to data analysis on the next step.
Experimental examples
In a specific experiment, the pressure container is a tank container and can store high-pressure gas, a valve can be used for carrying out a leakage test on the pressure container, and the leakage aperture on the valve is 2.0mm, 1.5mm, 1.0mm, 0.8mm, 0.4mm and 0.3mm from large to small. In order to facilitate the movement of the detection system, a three-dimensional movement mechanical structure is added, the three-dimensional movement frame is a three-dimensional movement frame, the three axes of x, y and z move, the angle movement is also carried out on a fixing frame, and the test distance can be about 500mm from 0 mm.
The whole experimental device simulates the working state of the space capsule. The space capsule is internally provided with an atmospheric pressure environment to ensure normal life and work of astronauts, and the space capsule is externally provided with a vacuum environment. When the space capsule generates micro leakage, leakage airflow from the inside to the outside is generated, ultrasonic waves are generated, and whether the micro leakage exists or not is detected by detecting the ultrasonic waves.
The experimental process comprises the following steps: the inside of a pressure container is firstly pumped into a vacuum state, the outside is atmospheric pressure, a valve is closed, leakage holes with different apertures are installed, the valve is opened, and air flow from the outside atmosphere to the inside of the container can be generated due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside, so that ultrasonic waves are generated, and the sensor is subjected to ultrasonic detection opposite to the leakage holes. Because the detected signal is very weak, the signal needs to be amplified and filtered by a circuit, and an interference signal needs to be removed. And then the four graphs, namely, a time domain waveform, Fourier transform, a power spectrum and an autocorrelation power spectrum, and the maximum value position, the sum1 of 35KHz-45KHz, the sum2 of 55KHz-65KHz and the ratio S value of the four graphs to the maximum value and the maximum value position are displayed after being collected by a data acquisition card and then transmitted to a computer for processing. And automatically judging leakage according to different characteristics of different leakage holes to judge whether leakage exists. If there is a leak, it is further determined in what range the leak pore diameter is approximately.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. Ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on static ultrasonic sensor, characterized by includes: the sensor module and the signal processing circuit module;
the sensor module comprises an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor and is placed before leakage to be detected, and the signal processing circuit module comprises an amplifying circuit, a high-pass filter circuit and a low-pass filter circuit which are sequentially connected;
the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor transmits a detected signal to the amplifying circuit for amplification, and the high-pass filter circuit and the low-pass filter circuit respectively perform high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering on the amplified signal in sequence.
2. The ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a data acquisition card and an industrial personal computer, wherein the data acquisition card is connected with the output end of the signal processing circuit module, the data acquisition card is placed in a slot of a case of the industrial personal computer, and transmits the acquired signal after filtering processing to the industrial personal computer.
3. The ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor adopts an electrostatic ultrasonic transducer for leakage ultrasonic signal frequency band acquisition.
4. The ultrasonic leak security detection system based on an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor of claim 3, further comprising a sensor housing, the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer being mounted within the sensor housing.
5. The ultrasonic leak safety detection system based on an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor according to claim 3, wherein the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer comprises a dielectric film plated with metal electrodes and a back electrode, and the film surface of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer is connected with the sensor housing.
6. The ultrasonic leak safety detection system based on an electrostatic ultrasonic sensor according to claim 5, further comprising a back pressure circuit for applying a dc bias voltage between the dielectric film and the back electrode of the electrostatic ultrasonic transducer.
7. The ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the back pressure circuit comprises an alternating voltage generating unit, a transformer and a rectifying and filtering circuit which are connected in sequence;
the alternating voltage generating unit generates 5V-10V sine or pulse alternating voltage, the sine or pulse alternating voltage is coupled into about 220V high voltage after being transformed by a transformer, and the high voltage is converted into 200V direct voltage as the back pressure of the transducer after being rectified and filtered by the rectifying and filtering circuit.
8. The ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor as claimed in claim 7, wherein the alternating voltage generating unit is a single chip microcomputer or a 555 chip.
9. The ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a display alarm device, wherein the display alarm device comprises a display and an alarm, the display and the alarm are respectively connected with the industrial personal computer, the display displays leakage information processed by the industrial personal computer, and the industrial personal computer starts the alarm to operate when leakage data exceeds a set threshold value.
10. The ultrasonic leakage safety detection system based on the electrostatic ultrasonic sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the electrostatic ultrasonic sensors in the sensor module is multiple, and the multiple signals are respectively transmitted to the industrial personal computer through respective signal processing circuit modules or a shared signal processing circuit module before being detected to be leaked.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116558733A (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-08-08 | 湖南大学 | State detection method, system, electronic device and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116558733A (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-08-08 | 湖南大学 | State detection method, system, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN116558733B (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-09-29 | 湖南大学 | State detection method, system, electronic device and storage medium |
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