CN212587489U - 一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块及电子产品 - Google Patents
一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块及电子产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN212587489U CN212587489U CN202021306464.2U CN202021306464U CN212587489U CN 212587489 U CN212587489 U CN 212587489U CN 202021306464 U CN202021306464 U CN 202021306464U CN 212587489 U CN212587489 U CN 212587489U
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- power module
- heat dissipation
- semiconductor
- good heat
- dissipation performance
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H01L2224/48137—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip the bodies being arranged next to each other, e.g. on a common substrate
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
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Abstract
本实用新型公开一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,包括功率模块本体以及与所述功率模块本体贴装设置的半导体制冷组件,所述半导体制冷组件包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体设置。本方案中通过在功率模块中设置半导体制冷组件对功率模块本体进行散热,利用半导体制冷组件优良的散热性能能够大幅度降低功率模块的热量,其散热速度快、可持续性好、产品成本相对较低,在芯片功率密度增高时产品尺寸和结构可以不变,能够适用于批量生产并被广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及半导体技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块。
背景技术
半导体是一种导电能力介于导体与非导体之间的材料,半导体元件根据半导体材料的特性,属于固态元件,其体积可以缩小到很小的尺寸,因此耗电量少,集成度高,在电子技术领域获得了广泛的引用,而随着半导体元件运行功率的逐渐增加,由于频率提升带来的大发热量一直是众超频设备发烧友讨论的重点话题,从风冷、水冷,到压缩机、半导体制冷,再到疯狂的液氮、干冰,用尽降温方法。比较普遍的风冷散热器和水冷由于其低成本和易用性的特点已经成为入门级超频发烧友的标准配置,缺点在于:即使是最好的风冷或水冷,也只能把温度控制得接近或等于环境温度。为了把温度降得低于零度,发烧友们选择了压缩机和半导体制冷。VapoChill和Mach系列压缩机通过相变制冷可以使蒸发器温度达到-50℃,而国外发烧友自制的三级压缩机系统甚至达到了-196℃,也就是相当于液氮的蒸发温度。但是由于压缩机系统高昂的价格,只能被极少数发烧友接受,液氮和干冰也许是骨灰极发烧友才会用到的极限利器,且蒸发/升华速度非常快,只能带来短时间的极限效能,没有实用价值。
实用新型内容
本实用新型实施例的一个目的在于:提供一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其能够解决现有技术中存在的上述问题。
本实用新型实施例的另一个目的在于,提供一种电子产品其功率模块具有良好的散热性能。
为达上述目的,本实用新型采用以下技术方案:
一方面,提供一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,包括功率模块本体以及与所述功率模块本体贴装设置的半导体制冷组件,所述半导体制冷组件包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体设置。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,所述功率模块本体采用陶瓷覆铜板作为基板,所述半导体制冷组件通过高导热结合材粘结在所述陶瓷覆铜板上。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板,所述半导体制冷组件设置在所述引线框架设置有芯片的一侧。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板,所述半导体制冷组件设置在所述引线框架非设置有芯片的一侧。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,所述引线框架的至少一部分与所述半导体制冷组件的冷端接触。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,还包括用于对所述芯片以及所述引线框架进行封装的封装树脂,所述封装树脂上形成有树脂凹槽,所述半导体制冷组件的冷端嵌入式设置在所述树脂凹槽中,所述半导体制冷组件的热端暴露于所述封装树脂的外部。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,所述半导体制冷组件包括于冷端和热端之间均匀相间排布的P型半导体、N型半导体以及压合于所述半导体制冷组件的冷端和热端内表面导热连接并将P型半导体和N型半导体串联的金属导体,串联后的半导体链两端通电制冷。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,相邻的所述P型半导体与所述N型半导体通过所述金属导体共同组成一个电偶对,所述电偶对的数量为至少一个。
作为所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块的一种优选技术方案,所述半导体制冷组件的热端为整体结构,冷端具有若干散热部,若干所述散热部与所述热端的距离不同。
另一方面,提供一种电子产品,包括如上所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块。
本实用新型的有益效果为:本方案中通过在功率模块中设置半导体制冷组件对功率模块本体进行散热,利用半导体制冷组件优良的散热性能能够大幅度降低功率模块的热量,其散热速度快、可持续性好、产品成本相对较低,在芯片功率密度增高时产品尺寸和结构可以不变,能够适用于批量生产并被广泛应用。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步详细说明。
图1为本实用新型实施例一所述具有良好散热性能的功率模块结构示意图。
图2为本实用新型实施例二所述具有良好散热性能的功率模块结构示意图。
图3为本实用新型实施例三所述具有良好散热性能的功率模块结构示意图。
图4为本实用新型实施例四所述具有良好散热性能的功率模块结构示意图。
图5为本实用新型实施例五所述具有良好散热性能的功率模块结构示意图。
图中:
100、功率模块本体;110、芯片;120、基板;130、封装树脂;200、半导体制冷组件;210、N型半导体;220、P型半导体;230、金属导体;240、陶瓷板。
具体实施方式
为使本实用新型解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案和达到的技术效果更加清楚,下面对本实用新型实施例的技术方案作进一步的详细描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本实用新型保护的范围。
在本实用新型的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“相连”“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
在本实用新型中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触,也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
实施例一:
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,包括功率模块本体100以及与所述功率模块本体100贴装设置的半导体制冷组件200,所述半导体制冷组件200包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体100设置。
本方案中通过在功率模块中设置半导体制冷组件200对功率模块本体100进行散热,利用半导体制冷组件200优良的散热性能能够大幅度降低功率模块的热量,其散热速度快、可持续性好、产品成本相对较低,在芯片110功率密度增高时产品尺寸和结构可以不变,能够适用于批量生产并被广泛应用。
本实施例中所述功率模块本体100采用陶瓷覆铜板作为基板120,所述半导体制冷组件200通过高导热结合材粘结在所述陶瓷覆铜板上。
本实施例中所述半导体制冷组件200包括相互平行设置的冷端陶瓷板240、热端陶瓷板240以及设于冷端和热端之间均匀相间排布的P型半导体220、N型半导体210以及压合于所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端和热端内表面导热连接并将P型半导体220和N型半导体210串联的金属导体230,串联后的半导体链两端通电制冷。
本方案中相邻的所述P型半导体220与所述N型半导体210通过所述金属导体230共同组成一个电偶对,所述电偶对的数量为至少一个。
需要指出的是,本方案中平半导体与N型半导体210组成的PN节的数量并不受到实施例中附图的限制,在具体的产品中其可以根据芯片110的冷却需求进行数量上的调整。
同时,本方案中所述半导体本体中芯片110的数量不受限制,其可以为如图所示的两个也可以是一个芯片110单独封装的产品,也可以是两个以上芯片110封装的产品。
本实施例中还提供一种电子产品,其包括如上所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块。采用上述结构的电子产品其芯片110温度更低,产品可靠性更高,使用寿命更长。
实施例二:
如图2所示,本实施例提供一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,包括功率模块本体100以及与所述功率模块本体100贴装设置的半导体制冷组件200,所述半导体制冷组件200包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体100设置。
本实施例与实施例一的设计思路基本相同,其主要区别在于本实施例中所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板120,所述半导体制冷组件200设置在所述引线框架设置有芯片110的一侧。
所述功率模块本体100还包括用于对所述芯片110以及所述引线框架进行封装的封装树脂130,所述封装树脂130上形成有树脂凹槽,所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端嵌入式设置在所述树脂凹槽中,所述半导体制冷组件200的热端暴露于所述封装树脂130的外部。
本方案中需要将所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端尽量靠近芯片110设置,从而尽可能快的将芯片110产生的热量传递至半导体制冷组件200的冷端,再由半导体制冷组件200的热端导出。
同时,本实施例中还提供一种电子产品,其包括如上所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块。
实施例三:
如图3所示,本实施例提供一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,包括功率模块本体100以及与所述功率模块本体100贴装设置的半导体制冷组件200,所述半导体制冷组件200包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体100设置。
本实施例中所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板120,本实施例与实施例二的机构基板120相同,其主要区别在于本实施例中所述半导体制冷组件200设置在所述引线框架非设置有芯片110的一侧。
所述引线框架的至少一部分与所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端接触。
本方案中通过将引线框架的至少一部分与所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端接触能够使得芯片110上产生的热量直接通过引线框架传递到半导体制冷组件200,而不像实施例二中需要通过封装树脂130进行传递,其散热效果更佳。
同时,本实施例中还提供一种电子产品,其包括如上所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块。
实施例四:
如图5所示,本实施例提供一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,包括功率模块本体100以及与所述功率模块本体100贴装设置的半导体制冷组件200,所述半导体制冷组件200包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体100设置。
本实施例与实施例二的功率模块本体100的结构基本相同,均为所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板120,所述半导体制冷组件200设置在所述引线框架设置有芯片110的一侧。
还包括用于对所述芯片110以及所述引线框架进行封装的封装树脂130,所述封装树脂130上形成有树脂凹槽,所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端嵌入式设置在所述树脂凹槽中,所述半导体制冷组件200的热端暴露于所述封装树脂130的外部。
其主要区别在于所述半导体制冷组件200的结构,本实施例中所述半导体制冷组件200的热端为整体结构,冷端具有若干散热部,若干所述散热部与所述热端的距离不同。
本方案中通过将半导体制冷组件200的冷端设置为若干散热部,每个散热部可分别对应一个芯片110设置,通过调整冷端的散热部与热端的距离,可以使得各个散热部距离相应的芯片110的距离相同,可以避免冷端高度统一时,冷端表面与芯片110之间的距离不同而使得散热效果存在差异,距离大的散热效果差影响产品散热。
同时,本实施例中还提供一种电子产品,其包括如上所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块。
实施例五:
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,包括功率模块本体100以及与所述功率模块本体100贴装设置的半导体制冷组件200,所述半导体制冷组件200包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体100设置。
本实施例与实施例三的功率模块本体100的结构基本相同,均为所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板120,所述半导体制冷组件200设置在所述引线框架非设置有芯片110的一侧。所述引线框架的至少一部分与所述半导体制冷组件200的冷端接触。
本实施例与实施例三的区别在于,所述半导体制冷组件200的热端为整体结构,冷端具有若干散热部,若干所述散热部与所述热端的距离不同。
本方案中通过设置若干散热部,可以根据引线框架的设置高度而调整散热部的高度,从而使得每个所述散热部均可以与引线框架接触,从而对每个引线框架上的芯片110进行有效散热,提高散热效果。
同时,本实施例中还提供一种电子产品,其包括如上所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块。
于本文的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、等方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述和简化操作,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”,仅仅用于在描述上加以区分,并没有特殊的含义。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一实施例”、“示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本实用新型的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本实用新型的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本实用新型的原理,而不能以任何方式解释为对本实用新型保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释,本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本实用新型的其它具体实施方式,这些方式都将落入本实用新型的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,包括功率模块本体(100)以及与所述功率模块本体(100)贴装设置的半导体制冷组件(200),所述半导体制冷组件(200)包括相对设置的冷端以及热端,所述半导体制冷组件(200)的冷端朝向所述功率模块本体(100)设置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,所述功率模块本体(100)采用陶瓷覆铜板作为基板(120),所述半导体制冷组件(200)通过高导热结合材粘结在所述陶瓷覆铜板上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板(120),所述半导体制冷组件(200)设置在所述引线框架设置有芯片(110)的一侧。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,所述功率模块采用引线框架作为基板(120),所述半导体制冷组件(200)设置在所述引线框架非设置有芯片(110)的一侧。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,所述引线框架的至少一部分与所述半导体制冷组件(200)的冷端接触。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,还包括用于对所述芯片(110)以及所述引线框架进行封装的封装树脂(130),所述封装树脂(130)上形成有树脂凹槽,所述半导体制冷组件(200)的冷端嵌入式设置在所述树脂凹槽中,所述半导体制冷组件(200)的热端暴露于所述封装树脂(130)的外部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,所述半导体制冷组件(200)包括于冷端和热端之间均匀相间排布的P型半导体(220)、N型半导体(210)以及压合于所述半导体制冷组件(200)的冷端和热端内表面导热连接并将P型半导体(220)和N型半导体(210)串联的金属导体(230),串联后的半导体链两端通电制冷。
8.根据权利要求7所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,相邻的所述P型半导体(220)与所述N型半导体(210)通过所述金属导体(230)共同组成一个电偶对,所述电偶对的数量为至少一个。
9.根据权利要求3或4所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块,其特征在于,所述半导体制冷组件(200)的热端为整体结构,冷端具有若干散热部,若干所述散热部与所述热端的距离不同。
10.一种电子产品,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-9中任一项所述的具有良好散热性能的功率模块。
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