CN212581971U

CN212581971U - Vacuum quenching furnace

Info

Publication number: CN212581971U
Application number: CN202021682844.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范如意
Original assignee: Anhui Xinyicheng Precision Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Xinyicheng Precision Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-13
Filing date: 2020-08-13
Publication date: 2021-02-23
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-13

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vacuum quenching furnace, which comprises a furnace body, a cooling tank, a temperature controller and a container, wherein the furnace body comprises a furnace shell, a hearth, a furnace lining and a furnace tube, the front end and the rear end of the furnace tube transversely pass through the hearth and extend out, the rear end of the furnace tube is hermetically connected with a sealing cover, one side tube wall and the sealing cover at the front end of the furnace tube are respectively provided with a liquid fuel input hole and are respectively connected with a liquid fuel conveying pipe, the inside at the rear end of the furnace tube is provided with a carrier, and a feeding gourd ladle passes through the front end of the furnace tube and extends into the hearth; heating elements are arranged around the furnace tube in the hearth, temperature measuring elements are arranged in the hearth, and the temperature controller is respectively electrically connected with the temperature measuring elements and the heating elements; the cooling pool is positioned below the front end of the furnace tube, and the bottom of the tube wall of the front end of the furnace tube is provided with a discharging hole and is connected with a discharging barrel which is not immersed in a cooling medium in the cooling pool. The utility model discloses simple structure, the size is little, and easy operation has stopped the potential safety hazard, and the work piece mechanical properties who processes out is good, difficult brittle failure and deformation, and does not have the oxide layer.

Description

Vacuum quenching furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of heat treatment equipment, in particular to a vacuum quenching furnace suitable for heat treatment of precise steel parts.

Background

Quenching is the most widely used work technology method in the heat treatment process of steel. Quenching is a heat treatment process in which steel is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature, held for a certain period of time, and then cooled at a rate greater than the critical cooling rate to obtain an unbalanced structure mainly composed of martensite (or bainite or single-phase austenite is obtained as necessary).

The quenching is to convert the super-cooled austenite into martensite or bainite to obtain martensite or bainite structure, and then to improve the rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength, toughness and the like of the steel by tempering at different temperatures, thereby meeting different use requirements of various mechanical parts and tools. The special physical and chemical properties of ferromagnetism, corrosion resistance and the like of certain special steel can be met through quenching.

In the production and processing processes of some precision steel parts, such as spring steel, the quenching equipment generally comprises a heat treatment electric furnace, a mesh belt furnace, a vacuum furnace and the like, and has the disadvantages of large size, large occupied space, power consumption, time consumption, material consumption and high input cost. The workpiece after high-temperature quenching treatment has large deformation coefficient and unstable batch, and has great potential safety and environmental protection hazards. In addition, the operation can be performed only by a professional heat treatment on-duty testifier, and the operation is inconvenient because a high-temperature protective garment needs to be worn in the operation process. In addition, in the process of taking the workpiece out of the quenching equipment and transferring the workpiece to the cooling tank, even if the workpiece is taken out of the quenching equipment and transferred to the cooling tank in a short time, the workpiece is still contacted with air, so that the surface of the workpiece is oxidized to form an oxide layer, and sparks are easy to splash at the moment the workpiece is immersed into the cooling tank, thereby causing potential safety hazards to operators.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at overcoming the defect and not enough that prior art exists, provide a simple structure, the size is little, the consumptive material is few, the power consumption is few, easy operation's vacuum quenching furnace, can stop the potential safety hazard in the operation process to the work piece mechanical properties who processes out is good, is difficult for the brittle failure and warp, and does not have the oxide layer.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:

a vacuum quenching furnace is characterized in that: the furnace body comprises a furnace shell, a hearth transversely penetrating through the furnace shell, a furnace lining arranged between the furnace shell and the hearth, and a furnace tube, wherein the front end and the rear end of the furnace tube transversely penetrate through the hearth and extend out, the rear end of the furnace tube is hermetically connected with a sealing cover, the tube wall on one side of the front end of the furnace tube and the sealing cover are respectively provided with a liquid fuel input hole communicated with the interior of the furnace tube and are respectively connected with a liquid fuel conveying pipe communicated with the furnace tube, the interior of the rear end of the furnace tube is provided with a carrier attached with a catalyst and a metal element for improving the mechanical property of a workpiece to be treated, the carrier is internally provided with a honeycomb hole, and a feeding ladle filled with the workpiece to be treated penetrates through the front end of the furnace tube and extends into the hearth;

heating elements are arranged in the hearth around the furnace tube, temperature measuring elements are arranged in the hearth, and the temperature controller is respectively and electrically connected with the temperature measuring elements and the heating elements;

the cooling pool is positioned below the front end of the furnace tube, and the bottom of the tube wall of the front end of the furnace tube is provided with a blanking hole and is connected with a blanking barrel immersed in a cooling medium in the cooling pool.

Furthermore, the furnace body and the cooling tank are respectively and correspondingly fixed on the furnace body support and the cooling tank support, and the temperature controller and the container are respectively placed on the temperature controller support.

Furthermore, the furnace shell comprises an upper semi-cylindrical shell and a lower semi-cylindrical shell, one side of the upper semi-cylindrical shell is rotatably connected with one side of the lower semi-cylindrical shell, the other side of the upper semi-cylindrical shell is fixedly connected with the other side of the lower semi-cylindrical shell through a buckle assembly, and the lower semi-cylindrical shell is transversely fixed on the furnace body support.

Furthermore, a heating plate is arranged at the bottom in the cooling pool, a material taking disc is arranged in the cooling pool, a plurality of through holes are respectively arranged at the bottom of the material taking disc, a left mounting seat and a right mounting seat are respectively and fixedly connected to the two sides of the cooling pool at the rear of the material taking disc correspondingly, a transverse shaft arranged along the width direction of the cooling pool is rotatably arranged between the left mounting seat and the right mounting seat, a left connecting rod and a right connecting rod are respectively and fixedly connected to the front side of the transverse shaft, and a handle is fixedly connected to the rear side of the transverse shaft; left side connecting rod and right connecting rod correspond respectively to rotate to be connected the left side and the right side of fetching material dish, the left side and the right side of fetching material dish correspond fixedly connected with respectively and are horizontal spacing post in a left side and the spacing post in the right side that sets up, the upside of left side connecting rod and right connecting rod front end all be equipped with the spacing post in a left side corresponds the complex spacing groove with the spacing post in the right side.

Furthermore, the sealing cover is installed at the rear end of the furnace tube in a threaded fit mode, and a sealing glue is coated at the joint of the sealing cover and the furnace tube.

Furthermore, the front end of the liquid fuel conveying pipe connected with the liquid fuel input hole on the sealing cover extends to the interior of the rear end of the furnace pipe, and a molybdenum filament group attached to the end part of the liquid fuel conveying pipe is arranged in the interior of the rear end of the furnace pipe.

Furthermore, the feeding gourd ladle comprises a gourd ladle body and a long handle fixedly connected to one side of the gourd ladle body, the length of the feeding gourd ladle is larger than the distance from one end of the furnace tube to the center of the hearth, and densely distributed small holes are formed in the bottom and the periphery of the gourd ladle body respectively.

Furthermore, the heating element adopts an electric furnace wire which spirally surrounds the periphery of the furnace tube, a relay is connected in a power supply loop of the heating element, and the temperature controller is electrically connected with the relay.

Further, the relay is a normally closed relay.

Furthermore, the heating element adopts a thermocouple.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

the utility model discloses simple structure, the size is little, and the consumptive material is few, and the power consumption is few, and operating personnel only need add the training slightly and can operate, and easy operation has stopped the potential safety hazard in the operation process to mechanical properties such as work piece hardness, intensity, toughness that the processing came out are good, and difficult brittle fracture and deformation, and do not have the oxide layer, especially to its performance play extremely played very critical effect after other alloy tool steel such as spring steel heat treatment.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion C of fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the rear end of the middle furnace tube of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the middle feeding gourd ladle of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the taking tray of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion D of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an electrical control schematic diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-9, a vacuum quenching furnace comprises a furnace body, a cooling tank 5, a temperature controller 6 and a container 7 filled with liquid fuel, wherein the furnace body comprises a furnace shell 1, a hearth 2 transversely penetrating through the furnace shell 1 and a furnace lining 3 arranged between the furnace shell 1 and the hearth 2, and a furnace tube 4, the front end and the rear end of the furnace tube 4 transversely penetrate through the hearth 2 and extend out, the rear end of the furnace tube 4 is hermetically connected with a sealing cover 8, liquid fuel input holes communicated with the interior of the furnace tube 4 are respectively arranged on the tube wall at one side of the front end of the furnace tube 4 and the sealing cover 8, the liquid

fuel conveying pipes

9 and 10 leading to the furnace tube 4 are respectively connected, a carrier 11 attached with a catalyst and metal elements for improving the mechanical property of a workpiece to be processed is arranged in the rear end of the furnace tube 4, honeycomb-shaped holes 24 are formed in the carrier 11, and a feeding gourd ladle 12 filled with the workpiece to be processed penetrates through the front end of the furnace tube 4 and extends into the hearth 2;

a heating element 13 is arranged around the furnace tube 4 in the hearth 2, a temperature measuring element 14 is arranged in the hearth 2, and the temperature controller 6 is respectively and electrically connected with the temperature measuring element 14 and the heating element 13;

the cooling pool 5 is positioned below the front end of the furnace tube 4, the bottom of the tube wall of the front end of the furnace tube 4 is provided with a blanking hole, and the blanking hole is connected with a blanking barrel 15 which is immersed in a cooling medium in the cooling pool 5.

The utility model discloses in, on furnace body and cooling bath 5 correspond respectively and are fixed in furnace body support 16 and cooling bath support 17, temperature controller 6 and container 7 placed respectively on temperature controller support 18.

The furnace shell 1 comprises an upper semi-cylindrical shell 101 and a lower semi-cylindrical shell 102, one side of the upper semi-cylindrical shell 101 is rotatably connected with one side of the lower semi-cylindrical shell 102, the other side of the upper semi-cylindrical shell 101 is fixedly connected with the other side of the lower semi-cylindrical shell 102 through a buckle assembly 19, and the lower semi-cylindrical shell 102 is transversely fixed on the furnace body support 16.

It should be noted that, the furnace shell 1 adopts the split structure, which is convenient for opening, on one hand, is beneficial to the arrangement of the furnace tube 4, and on the other hand, is beneficial to the arrangement, wiring and the like of the heating element 13 and the temperature measuring element 14 inside the hearth 2. In addition, the outer parts of the furnace tubes 4 are respectively fixed and supported by clamps fixed on the outer wall of the furnace body at positions close to the two ends of the furnace body.

A heating plate is arranged at the bottom in the cooling pool 5, a material taking disc 20 is arranged in the cooling pool 5, a plurality of through holes 21 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the material taking disc 20, the two sides of the cooling pool 5 are respectively and fixedly connected with a left mounting seat and a right mounting seat 22 at the rear of the material taking disc 20 correspondingly, a transverse shaft 26 arranged along the width direction of the cooling pool 5 is rotatably arranged between the left mounting seat and the right mounting seat 22, a left connecting rod and a right connecting rod 27 are respectively and fixedly connected to the front side of the transverse shaft 26, and a handle 28 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the transverse shaft 26; the left connecting rod and the right connecting rod 27 are respectively connected to the left side and the right side of the material taking disc 20 in a rotating mode, the left side and the right side of the material taking disc 20 are respectively connected with a left limiting column and a right limiting column 29 which are transversely arranged in a corresponding mode, and limiting grooves 30 which are matched with the left limiting column and the right limiting column 29 are arranged on the upper sides of the front ends of the left connecting rod and the right connecting rod 27.

It should be noted that the material taking tray 20 needs to be immersed in the cooling medium in the cooling pool 5, and the material taking tray 20 is located right below the charging barrel 15, so that after the quenched workpiece is cooled, the quenched workpiece can be collected by the material taking tray 20 and taken out from the cooling pool 5, so as to facilitate the operation.

The sealing cover 8 is installed at the rear end of the furnace tube 4 through thread fit, and the joint of the sealing cover 8 and the furnace tube 4 is coated with sealant.

It should be noted that the sealing cap 8 is screwed on the rear end of the furnace tube 4, and can be opened periodically, so as to facilitate periodic replacement of the carrier 11, so as to compensate for consumption of metal elements; the sealant is used for sealing the joint of the sealing cover 8 and the furnace tube 4.

The front end of the liquid fuel delivery pipe 10 connected with the liquid fuel inlet on the sealing cover 8 extends to the interior of the rear end of the furnace tube 4, and the interior of the rear end of the furnace tube 4 is provided with a molybdenum wire group 23 attached to the end of the liquid fuel delivery pipe.

It should be noted that, the molybdenum filament bundle 23 has a bundle-like structure formed by winding molybdenum filaments discarded or eliminated in other processes, and while waste utilization is achieved, on the one hand, the high temperature resistance of the molybdenum filaments is utilized, and on the other hand, the liquid fuel flowing in through the liquid fuel conveying pipe 10 can be concentrated by the molybdenum filaments without being dropped randomly, and a "fire cluster" can be formed during combustion, which is beneficial to heat concentration.

The feeding ladle 12 comprises a ladle body 121 and a long handle 122 fixedly connected to one side of the ladle body 121, the length of the feeding ladle 12 is larger than the distance from one end of the furnace tube 4 to the center of the hearth 2, and the bottom and the periphery of the ladle body 121 are respectively provided with densely distributed small holes 123.

It should be noted that the long handle 122 is convenient for an operator to hold, and the ladle body 121 with the workpiece to be processed can be plugged into the center of the hearth 2 through external operation, so that the operation is safe and reliable; in addition, the densely distributed small holes 123 can increase heat penetration, so that the workpieces to be processed which are arranged in the ladle body 121 can be heated uniformly in the hearth 2.

The heating element 13 adopts an electric furnace wire and spirally surrounds the furnace tube 4, a relay 25 is connected in a power supply loop of the heating element 13, the relay 25 is a normally closed relay, and the temperature control instrument 6 is electrically connected with the relay 25.

It should be noted that the heating element 13, i.e. the electric furnace wire, is spirally wound around the furnace tube 4, so as to facilitate rapid and uniform temperature rise inside the furnace chamber 2, and maintain a constant temperature by combining with the furnace lining 3, so as to achieve the purposes of saving energy and reducing power consumption.

The heating element 14 employs a thermocouple.

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

in the utility model, the liquid fuel adopts alcohol, and the liquid

fuel conveying pipes

9 and 10 are respectively conveyed to the inner parts of the front end and the rear end of the furnace tube 5; the cooling medium is paraffin melted into liquid; copper nitrate (zinc nitrate) is used as a catalyst; the metal elements for improving the mechanical property of the workpiece to be treated adopt manganese sulfate and anhydrous sodium carbonate.

The utility model discloses a concrete implementation process as follows:

hereinafter, the spring steel (60Si2MnA) is quenched at a set temperature of 860 ℃ as an example.

1. Melting wax: heating the paraffin by a silicon carbide heating plate arranged at the bottom of the cooling pool 5 to melt the paraffin into liquid, namely forming liquid paraffin. In summer, the heating time is usually about 1.5 hours; in winter, the heating time is usually 2.5 to 3 hours.

2. Heating the hearth 2: when the power supply is switched on, the heating element (electric furnace wire) 13 works by power supply to heat the hearth 2, and the process takes about 45 minutes; the temperature measuring element (thermocouple) 14 detects the temperature in the hearth 2 in real time, the detected temperature value is fed back to the temperature controller 6, and the temperature in the hearth 2 is displayed in real time through a display (nixie tube) carried by the temperature controller 6 after conventional data processing. When the temperature measuring element 14 detects that the temperature in the hearth 2 reaches 860 ℃ (the set temperature), the temperature controller 6 sends a level signal to the relay (normally closed) 25, the relay 25 is disconnected, the power supply loop of the heating element 13 is disconnected, the heating is stopped, the accurate temperature control is realized, and the purpose of saving electricity is achieved.

In the process, alcohol at the front end of the furnace tube 4 is ignited, the alcohol is combusted, after a period of time, the alcohol at the rear end of the furnace tube 4 is also ignited, external air (oxygen) is isolated from two ends to enter the interior of the furnace tube 4, and the oxygen in the interior of the furnace tube 4 is gradually consumed, so that the interior of the furnace tube 4 forms a vacuum environment.

3. Quenching the workpiece: the workpiece (spring steel) to be processed is placed in the feeding ladle 12, is fed into the furnace tube 4 through the front end of the furnace tube 4 and enters the middle constant temperature area of the hearth 2. The quenching time is determined according to the thickness and hardness requirements of the workpiece, is usually about 30 minutes, and the heat preservation and thorough quenching are carried out for 15 minutes when the temperature in the hearth 2 reaches 860 ℃.

In the process, because the alcohol is always in a combustion state and the interior of the furnace tube 4 is in a vacuum environment, the surface of the workpiece cannot be oxidized; meanwhile, under a certain temperature condition and under the catalytic action of copper nitrate, a chemical reaction is accelerated to be generated between manganese sulfate and anhydrous sodium carbonate, and under the action of thermal expansion generated by alcohol burning at the rear end of the furnace tube 4, metal elements (manganese and sodium) generated by the reaction are swept to the middle part of the hearth 2 by hot air flow and are gradually melted into the surface of a workpiece, so that the workpiece can obtain better mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, toughness and the like.

4. Cooling the workpiece: when the quenching time reaches the set time and the workpiece is uniformly quenched and is orange, quickly pulling the feeding gourd ladle 12 to a blanking hole along the interior of the furnace tube 4, turning over the feeding gourd ladle 12, pouring the workpiece into the cooling pool 5 through the blanking barrel 15, directly sinking the workpiece into the wax liquid in the cooling pool 5 and dropping the workpiece into the material taking tray 20, and at the moment, the left connecting rod, the right connecting rod 27 and the handle 28 are in a vertical state. In the process, since the alcohol is always in a burning state, the interior of the furnace tube 4 is in a vacuum environment, and the workpiece is not moved out of the furnace tube 5 and is in contact with the outside air, the surface of the workpiece is not oxidized.

5. Taking out the workpiece: after 20 minutes of cooling, anticlockwise rotation handle 28, make handle 28 upset 90, turn into the horizontality by vertical state, make left connecting rod and right connecting rod 27 also turn into the horizontality by vertical state, lifting material taking disc 20 to cooling tank 5's top, left side spacing post and right spacing post 29 correspond respectively and block in the spacing groove 30 of left connecting rod and right connecting rod 27 front end upside, make material taking disc 20 keep the gesture stable, can fill in the cushion between material taking disc 20 and cooling tank 5's mouth of pool this moment, make material taking disc 20 fixed in cooling tank 5's top, remaining wax liquid drips to the pool through a plurality of through-hole 21 of material taking disc 20 bottom, thereby drip dry wax liquid. And then taking out the workpiece. And finishing the quenching.

It should be noted that, the utility model discloses to the heat treatment characteristic requirement of work piece, can also be equipped with tempering furnace. Through tempering treatment of the tempering furnace, the comprehensive mechanical property of the workpiece can reach the best.

Although the present description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to integrate the description as a whole, and the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application; all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Claims

1. A vacuum quenching furnace is characterized in that: the furnace body comprises a furnace shell, a hearth transversely penetrating through the furnace shell, a furnace lining arranged between the furnace shell and the hearth, and a furnace tube, wherein the front end and the rear end of the furnace tube transversely penetrate through the hearth and extend out, the rear end of the furnace tube is hermetically connected with a sealing cover, the tube wall on one side of the front end of the furnace tube and the sealing cover are respectively provided with a liquid fuel input hole communicated with the interior of the furnace tube and are respectively connected with a liquid fuel conveying pipe communicated with the furnace tube, the interior of the rear end of the furnace tube is provided with a carrier attached with a catalyst and a metal element for improving the mechanical property of a workpiece to be treated, the carrier is internally provided with a honeycomb hole, and a feeding ladle filled with the workpiece to be treated penetrates through the front end of the furnace tube and extends into the hearth;

2. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the furnace body and the cooling tank are respectively and correspondingly fixed on the furnace body bracket and the cooling tank bracket, and the temperature controller and the container are respectively placed on the temperature controller bracket.

3. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the furnace shell comprises an upper semi-cylindrical shell and a lower semi-cylindrical shell, one side of the upper semi-cylindrical shell is rotatably connected with one side of the lower semi-cylindrical shell, the other side of the upper semi-cylindrical shell is fixedly connected with the other side of the lower semi-cylindrical shell through a buckle assembly, and the lower semi-cylindrical shell is transversely fixed on the furnace body support.

4. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom in the cooling pool is provided with a heating plate, the cooling pool is internally provided with a material taking disc, the bottom of the material taking disc is respectively provided with a plurality of through holes, the two sides of the cooling pool are respectively and correspondingly and fixedly connected with a left mounting seat and a right mounting seat at the rear part of the material taking disc, a transverse shaft arranged along the width direction of the cooling pool is rotatably arranged between the left mounting seat and the right mounting seat, the front side of the transverse shaft is respectively and fixedly connected with a left connecting rod and a right connecting rod, and the rear side of the transverse shaft is fixedly connected with a handle; left side connecting rod and right connecting rod correspond respectively to rotate to be connected the left side and the right side of fetching material dish, the left side and the right side of fetching material dish correspond fixedly connected with respectively and are horizontal spacing post in a left side and the spacing post in the right side that sets up, the upside of left side connecting rod and right connecting rod front end all be equipped with the spacing post in a left side corresponds the complex spacing groove with the spacing post in the right side.

5. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the sealing cover is installed at the rear end of the furnace tube in a threaded fit mode, and a sealing glue is coated at the joint of the sealing cover and the furnace tube.

6. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 5, wherein: the front end of the liquid fuel conveying pipe connected with the liquid fuel inlet hole on the sealing cover extends to the interior of the rear end of the furnace pipe, and a molybdenum filament group attached to the end part of the liquid fuel conveying pipe is arranged in the interior of the rear end of the furnace pipe.

7. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding gourd ladle comprises a gourd ladle body and a long handle fixedly connected to one side of the gourd ladle body, the length of the feeding gourd ladle is larger than the distance from one end of the furnace tube to the center of the hearth, and the bottom and the periphery of the gourd ladle body are respectively provided with densely distributed small holes.

8. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the heating element adopts an electric furnace wire, spirally surrounds the periphery of the furnace tube, a relay is connected in a power supply loop of the heating element, and the temperature controller is electrically connected with the relay.

9. The vacuum quenching furnace of claim 8, wherein: the relay is a normally closed relay.

10. The vacuum quenching furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the heating element adopts a thermocouple.