CN212581923U - High-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor - Google Patents
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- CN212581923U CN212581923U CN202021018620.5U CN202021018620U CN212581923U CN 212581923 U CN212581923 U CN 212581923U CN 202021018620 U CN202021018620 U CN 202021018620U CN 212581923 U CN212581923 U CN 212581923U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a high-efficient anaerobic digestion reactor, its reactor does, comprises cover, jar body and tank bottoms, has the gas vent on the cover, and the gas vent links to each other with the blast pipe, and exhaust-gas valve installs on the gas vent, and the blast pipe is connected with outside gas collecting system, install the feed inlet on the cover, feed valve installs on the feed inlet, and the feed inlet is connected with outside feed arrangement, the mid-mounting of cover has gear motor, and gear motor is located the outside of cover, gear motor passes through the shaft coupling and is connected with the transmission shaft. The utility model discloses an anaerobic digestion reactor is applicable to the organic waste anaerobic digestion treatment of different dry matter content, and the highest anaerobic digestion concentration can reach 30%, guarantees under the anaerobic digestion concentration of difference that organic waste is degraded fast, the high-efficient steady operation of reactor, the utility model discloses not only realize the innovation of process route, still improved treatment effeciency by a wide margin.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fermentation equipment, especially, relate to a high-efficient anaerobic digestion reactor.
Background
Anaerobic digestion is the most environment-friendly treatment technology for treating solid wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, town sludge, kitchen waste, organic household garbage and the like. The solid organic waste can be reduced, harmlessly and resourcefully through anaerobic digestion.
Although dry anaerobic digestion has the advantages of low construction and operation cost, simple front and back treatment processes, high efficiency and the like, wet anaerobic digestion is still the process mainly adopted at present mainly because the wet anaerobic digestion process is mature and has matched equipment; and due to the restriction of equipment, the dry anaerobic digestion engineering mainly adopts a sequencing batch process, and the fresh continuous dry anaerobic digestion engineering continuously operates. The foreign continuous dry anaerobic digestion reactor generally adopts a horizontal tank process, a stirring shaft traversing the reactor is a core component of the process, the domestic localization can not be realized yet, and the introduced price is high, so the process type reactor is rarely applied in China.
201610881366.3 discloses a vertical continuous anaerobic dry fermentation method, which adopts a vertical reaction process, cancels a stirring device, realizes the discharge of raw materials by the action of gravity, and simultaneously adopts the pre-inoculation and spraying technology to improve the anaerobic digestion efficiency; 201811411691.9 discloses a paddle vertical semi-continuous anaerobic digestion reactor, which also adopts vertical reaction process and is equipped with a vertical stirring shaft to realize the stirring of raw materials. However, the above reactor only realizes continuous operation of dry anaerobic digestion, and fails to realize efficient treatment of organic wastes.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to solve the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists, provide a high-efficient anaerobic digestion reactor, can low-cost, high efficiency realize solid organic waste's innoxious and energy recovery.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for using a high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the fermentation raw material, wherein the grain size of the pretreated raw material is less than 5 mm.
The pretreatment method mainly comprises crushing, shearing and the like.
(2) Pre-inoculating the fermentation raw material obtained in the step (1);
(3) putting the fermentation raw material obtained in the step (2) into a high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor, and sealing the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor;
(4) starting an automatic controller to realize temperature increase/insulation, and ensuring that the fermentation temperature in the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor reaches a set value;
(5) setting the operation value of the raw material speed reducing motor according to the fermentation raw material expansion rule and starting the automatic controller to control the speed reducing motor to move;
(6) and setting the feeding amount and the discharging amount according to the fermentation raw material gas production rule, and feeding and discharging materials regularly according to the set value.
As the preferable technical proposal of the utility model, in the step (2), the number of the methanogen cells in the inoculum selected by the pre-inoculation is not less than 1 multiplied by 108One cell per gram, total microbial cell number not less than 1 × 109The amount of the active carbon is one gram per gram,the solid content of the inoculum is not less than 18 percent, the inoculum size (mass ratio of the inoculum to the raw material) is not less than 10 percent, and the solid content of the inoculated fermentation raw material is not more than 30 percent.
As the preferable technical proposal of the utility model, the maximum feeding amount in the step (3) is not more than 75 percent of the volume of the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor.
As the preferred technical scheme of the utility model, in the step (5), the working frequency, period and interval time of the speed reducing motor are set according to the fermentation raw materials, the interval time is generally set to be less than or equal to 12 times/day, the period is less than or equal to 5 minutes/time, and the frequency is less than or equal to 30 revolutions/minute; the maximum rotating speed of the transmission shaft is less than or equal to 30 revolutions per minute; the number of the tightening rods on the transmission shaft is less than or equal to 5 groups, the width or thickness of the tightening rods is less than or equal to 1cm, and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the tank body is 0.85-0.95: 1.
As the preferred technical proposal of the utility model, in the step (6), the discharging period and the feeding amount/discharging amount are set according to different fermentation raw materials, but the staying time of the materials in the tank body is more than or equal to 20 days.
A high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor comprises a tank cover, a tank body and a tank bottom.
The gas vent has on the jar lid, and the gas vent links to each other with the blast pipe, and the air discharge valve is installed on the gas vent, and the blast pipe is connected with outside gas collecting system, the installation feed inlet on the jar lid, feed valve install on the feed inlet, and the feed inlet is connected with outside feed arrangement, the mid-mounting of jar lid has gear motor, and gear motor is located the outside of jar lid, gear motor passes through the shaft coupling and is connected with the transmission shaft, and seal assembly is installed with the junction of jar lid to the gear motor transmission shaft for guarantee the seal of reactor. The upper part of the tank body is connected with the tank cover, the lower part of the tank body is connected with the tank bottom, the tank body is wrapped with a heat preservation layer, the tank body and the tank bottom are internally provided with tightening rods which are sequentially arranged at equal intervals on the transmission shaft from top to bottom, and the tail end of the transmission shaft is provided with a connecting rod and a discharging scraper.
The gear motor realizes automatic control through the automatic controller, tank bottoms bottom center installs the discharge gate, and discharge valve installs on the discharge gate, and the discharge gate is connected with outside discharging device.
As the preferred technical proposal of the utility model, the bottom of the tank bottom is also provided with a bracket for supporting and fixing the anaerobic digestion reactor.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme, the jar body is cylindric, and the height-diameter ratio is more than or equal to 2.5:1, and the facility of heating chooses intraductal mode of heating or jar wall mode of heating for use, when choosing jar wall mode of heating, the external portion of jar adds and is equipped with the clamp cover, and the clamp cover intussuseption is led to and is had hot water, so heats for the jar body through hot water circulation, temperature regulation realizes through automatic control.
As the utility model discloses an optimized technical scheme, the tank bottoms are the circular truncated cone form, and the tapering is less than or equal to 1, and the tank bottoms are connected with jar body constant diameter, and going to the bottom of tank bottoms is connected with the discharge gate.
As the utility model discloses an optimized technical scheme, the tight real pole of the internal transmission shaft of jar installation, the internal tight real pole quantity of jar is no longer than 5 groups, and the width or the thickness of tight real pole are less than or equal to 1cm tight real pole and use the transmission shaft to be umbelliform and install on the transmission shaft as the center.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme installs ejection of compact scraper in the tank bottoms, and ejection of compact scraper quantity is 2-3 pieces, and ejection of compact scraper is installed on the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is installed at the transmission shaft end, and ejection of compact scraper is 60-85 with the contained angle of vertical direction, and the transmission shaft is from the end to equidistant installing along the transmission shaft as the axle center, is the tight pole of umbelliform arrangement.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model designs the reactor according to the rule of dry anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes. The reactor main body is cylindrical, and has firm structure, long service life, no fermentation dead zone and high utilization rate.
The reactor adopts a vertical structure, the fermentation raw materials are fed in and discharged out from the top, the propulsion of the raw materials is realized through gravity, and the power consumption is reduced; the stirring facility is cancelled, and the raw materials automatically form a 'hydrolysis, acidification and methane production' functional partition in the tank body, so that the anaerobic digestion efficiency is improved.
The additional compaction rod and the timed raw material compaction operation can ensure the full contact of the fermentation raw materials and the functional microorganisms without damaging functional partitions, thereby further improving the anaerobic digestion efficiency.
The tank bottom is designed to be in a cone frustum shape, and the tank bottom and the tank body are connected at a certain angle, so that the natural flow of fermentation raw materials is ensured, and the building space and the cost are saved. The tank bottoms is equipped with ejection of compact scraper, and ejection of compact scraper is certain angle slope to the discharge gate, promotes the raw materials and flows to the discharge gate, avoids raw materials "arching" phenomenon and jam, solves high concentration anaerobic digestion ejection of compact difficult problem.
The degradation efficiency of the solid organic waste can be improved by the pretreatment means such as crushing, crushing or shearing; one or more pretreated solid organic waste raw materials are selected according to the growth rule and nutritional requirements of functional microorganisms, are blended to a certain fermentation concentration, and then are inoculated with an inoculum containing high-activity and quantity of functional microorganisms, so that the starting success rate of anaerobic digestion can be greatly improved, and the starting period can be shortened; the anaerobic digestion is kept to be carried out under a constant temperature condition, so that the growth requirement of functional microorganisms can be met, and the anaerobic digestion is ensured to run under an efficient and stable state; the sufficient retention period of the fermentation raw materials can ensure the degradation efficiency and the removal rate of the raw materials, and the purposes of harmlessness and maximization of resource are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor used in the present invention (the heat preservation mode adopts a jacket hot water heat preservation mode);
in the figure: 1-tank cover, 2-tank body, 3-tank bottom, 4-exhaust pipe, 5-exhaust valve, 6-feed inlet, 7-feed valve, 8-speed reducing motor, 9-transmission shaft, 10-sealing component, 11-tightening rod, 12-discharge scraper, 13-automatic controller, 14-jacket, 15-insulating layer, 16-discharge port, 17-discharge valve, 18-support and 19-connecting rod.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following description is given for clarity and completeness in combination with the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor of the utility model consists of a tank cover 1, a tank body 2 and a tank bottom 3.
The tank cover 1 is provided with an exhaust port, the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, an exhaust valve 5 is arranged on the exhaust port, and an exhaust pipe 4 is connected with an external gas collecting system;
a feeding port 6 is arranged on the tank cover 1, a feeding valve 7 is arranged on the feeding port, and the feeding port 6 is connected with an external feeding device;
the middle part of cover 1 is installed gear motor 8, and gear motor 8 is located the outside of cover 1, gear motor 8 passes through the shaft coupling and is connected with transmission shaft 9, and seal assembly 10 (mechanical seal assembly (shown in figure 1 as mechanical seal assembly) or water-stop subassembly) is installed to the junction of gear motor 8 transmission shaft and cover 1 for guarantee the leakproofness of reactor.
The upper part of the tank body 2 is connected with the tank cover 1, the lower part of the tank body is connected with the tank bottom 3, the tank body 1 is wrapped with a heat preservation layer 15, the tank body 2 and the tank bottom 3 are internally provided with tightening rods 11 at equal intervals in sequence from top to bottom on the transmission shaft 9, and the tail end of the transmission shaft is provided with a connecting rod 19 and a discharging scraper 12.
The speed reducing motor 8 realizes automatic control through the automatic controller 13, a discharge hole 16 is installed in the center of the bottom of the tank bottom 3, a discharge valve 17 is installed on the discharge hole 16, and the discharge hole 16 is connected with an external discharging device.
As the preferred technical proposal of the utility model, the bottom of the tank bottom 3 is also provided with a bracket 18 for supporting and fixing the anaerobic digestion reactor.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme, jar body 2 is cylindric, and the height-diameter ratio is more than or equal to 2.5:1, and the facility of heating selects intraductal heating mode or jar wall heating mode for use, when selecting jar wall heating, the external portion of jar body 2 adds and is equipped with clamp cover 14, and the clamp cover 14 intussuseption is led to has hot water, and there is hot water outlet on clamp cover 14 upper portion, and clamp cover 14 lower part has hot water inlet, so increases the temperature for jar body 2 through hot water circulation, temperature control is automatic control 13 control hot water circulation to realize jar body 2 automatic control constant temperature.
As the utility model discloses an optimized technical scheme, tank bottoms 3 are the circular truncated cone form, and the tapering is less than or equal to 1, and the upper base and the jar body 2 constant diameter of tank bottoms 3 are connected, and the lower bottom and the discharge gate 16 of tank bottoms 3 are connected.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme, tight real pole 11 of installation on the jar body 2 internal transmission shaft 9, tight real pole 11 quantity is no longer than 5 groups in the jar body 2, and the width or the thickness of tight real pole are less than or equal to 1cm, and tight real pole 11 uses transmission shaft 9 to be umbelliform and installs on transmission shaft 9 as the center.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme installs ejection of compact scraper 12 in the tank bottoms, and ejection of compact scraper quantity is 2-3 pieces, and ejection of compact scraper installs on connecting rod 19, and connecting rod 19 installs at the transmission shaft end, and ejection of compact scraper is 60-85 with the contained angle of vertical direction, and the transmission shaft is installed along the transmission shaft as the axle center from terminal equidistant, is the tight real pole 11 of umbelliform arrangement.
Simultaneously, a using method of the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the fermentation raw material, wherein the grain size of the pretreated raw material is less than 5 mm.
The pretreatment method mainly comprises crushing, shearing and the like.
(2) Pre-inoculating the fermentation raw material obtained in the step (1);
(3) putting the fermentation raw material obtained in the step (2) into a high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor, and sealing the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor;
(4) starting an automatic controller to realize temperature increase/insulation, and ensuring that the fermentation temperature in the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor reaches a set value;
(5) setting the operation value of the raw material speed reducing motor according to the fermentation raw material expansion rule and starting the automatic controller to control the speed reducing motor to move;
(6) and setting the feeding amount and the discharging amount according to the fermentation raw material gas production rule, and feeding and discharging materials regularly according to the set value.
As the preferable technical proposal of the utility model, in the step (2), the number of the methanogen cells in the inoculum selected by the pre-inoculation is not less than 1 multiplied by 108Number per gram, total number of microbial cellsNot less than 1 × 109The solid content of the inoculum is not less than 18 percent per gram, the inoculum size (mass ratio of the inoculum to the raw material) is not less than 10 percent, and the solid content of the inoculated fermentation raw material is not more than 30 percent.
As the preferable technical proposal of the utility model, the maximum feeding amount in the step (3) is not more than 75 percent of the volume of the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor.
As the preferred technical scheme of the utility model, in the step (5), the working frequency, period and interval time of the speed reducing motor are set according to the fermentation raw materials, the interval time is generally set to be less than or equal to 12 times/day, the period is less than or equal to 5 minutes/time, and the frequency is less than or equal to 30 revolutions/minute; the maximum rotating speed of the transmission shaft is less than or equal to 30 revolutions per minute; the tightening rods are distributed on the transmission shaft in an umbrella shape by taking the transmission shaft as the center, the number of the tightening rods on the transmission shaft is less than or equal to 5 groups from top to bottom, the width or thickness of the tightening rods is less than or equal to 1cm, and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the tank body is 0.85-0.95: 1.
As the preferred technical proposal of the utility model, in the step (6), the discharging period and the feeding amount/discharging amount are set according to different fermentation raw materials, but the staying time of the materials in the tank body is more than or equal to 20 days.
Example 1
The dry and clean pig manure in a pig farm is used as a raw material for continuous anaerobic digestion.
Adding the inoculum according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and fully and uniformly mixing; the solid content of the inoculum is 20%, wherein the number of methanogen cells is 1.9 × 108One cell per gram, total microbial cell number not less than 1.2 × 109One per gram. The solid content of the inoculated raw materials is about 25.5 percent.
The diameter of the tank body of the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor is 48cm, the height of the tank body is 120cm, the height of the tank bottom is 10cm, the diameter of the discharge hole is 10cm, and the total volume of the reactor is 216L. 81kg of raw materials are added on the 1 st day of starting anaerobic digestion, the temperature of a temperature increasing and preserving system is set to be 35 ℃, and the stirring operation parameters of the raw materials are set to be 1 time/day, 5 minutes/time and 30 revolutions/minute; 8.1kg of raw materials were added every day from day 11 without discharging; but normal feeding and discharging are started on day 21, and the feeding and discharging amount is about 8.1 kg. And (4) recording the gas production rate every day during the operation, and sampling and testing the components of the biogas and the discharged material VS every 3 days. The anaerobic digestion reactor is operated for 120 days, and the data after stable operation are taken for statistical analysis, and the results are shown in the following table:
statistical table of anaerobic digestion results in stable operation period
According to the data statistics, the following results can be seen:
1. stable operation of the anaerobic digestion reactor: within a stable operation period of 100 days, the organic load reaches 7.2kg VS/(m)3D), the anaerobic digestion reactor is always in a high-load operation state, the retention time of the raw materials added in each day in the tank reaches 20 days, and the full degradation of the raw materials is ensured; under the operating condition, the concentration of methane in the biogas reaches 65.3%, the pH value is about 7.9, all test indexes are only slightly fluctuated, and the anaerobic digestion reactor is always in a stable operating state.
2. Efficient operation of the anaerobic digestion reactor: the raw material gas yield of the pig manure of the batch is about 63.7m in the fermentation period3T, TS gas production rate is about 0.25m3TS/kg, which accounts for 62.5 percent of theoretical gas production value of 60 days of fresh pig manure; the daily average gas production rate reaches 469L, and the volume gas production rate of the anaerobic digestion reactor is about 2.17m3/(m3D), reported data higher than most biogas projects reported in the literature and similar patents now.
Example 2
The mixture of dry and clean chicken manure and air-dried rice straw in a chicken farm is used as a raw material for continuous anaerobic digestion.
Firstly, the air-dried rice straws are subjected to crushing pretreatment, and the particle size is about 3 mm. Chicken manure, pretreated straw and water are mixed according to a mass ratio of 4: 1: 1, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the mixed raw material.
Adding the inoculum according to the mass ratio of 5:1, and fully and uniformly mixing; the solid content of the inoculum is 18.5%, wherein the number of methanogen cells is 1.3 × 108One cell per gram, total microbial cell number of 1.1 × 109One per gram. The solid content of the inoculated raw materials is about 22.3 percent.
The diameter of the tank body of the high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor is 48cm, the height of the tank body is 120cm, the height of the tank bottom is 10cm, the diameter of the discharge hole is 10cm, and the total volume of the reactor is 216L. 81kg of raw materials are added on the 1 st day of starting anaerobic digestion, the temperature of a temperature increasing and preserving system is set to be 37 ℃, and the stirring operation parameters of the raw materials are set to be 6 times/day, 5 minutes/time and 25 revolutions/minute; starting from day 13, 6kg of raw materials were added daily without discharge; normal feeding and discharging were started on day 25, and the feeding and discharging amount was about 6 kg. And (4) recording the gas production rate every day during the operation, and sampling and testing the components of the biogas and the discharged material VS every 3 days. The anaerobic digestion reactor is operated for 150 days, and the data after stable operation are taken for statistical analysis, and the results are shown in the following table:
statistical table of anaerobic digestion results in stable operation period
According to the data statistics, the following results can be seen:
1. stable operation of the anaerobic digestion reactor: in a stable operation period of 125 days, the organic load reaches 7kg VS/(m)3D), the anaerobic digestion reactor is always in a high-load operation state, the retention time of the raw materials added in each day in the tank reaches 25 days, and the full degradation of the raw materials is ensured; under the operating condition, the concentration of methane in the biogas reaches 61.6%, the pH value is about 8.1, and the anaerobic digestion reactor is always in a stable operating state.
2. Efficient operation of the anaerobic digestion reactor: the gas production rate of the mixed raw material in the fermentation period is about 57.8m3T, the daily average gas production reaches 347L, and the volume gas production rate of the anaerobic digestion reactor is about 1.6m3/ (m3D), reported data higher than most biogas projects reported in the literature and similar patents now.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.
Claims (5)
1. A high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor is characterized by consisting of a tank cover, a tank body and a tank bottom, wherein the tank cover is provided with an exhaust port, the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust port, the exhaust pipe is connected with an external gas collecting system, the tank cover is provided with a feed inlet, a feed valve is arranged on the feed inlet, the feed inlet is connected with an external feed device, the middle part of the tank cover is provided with a speed reducing motor, the speed reducing motor is positioned outside the tank cover, the speed reducing motor is connected with a transmission shaft through a coupler, a sealing component is arranged at the joint of the transmission shaft of the speed reducing motor and the tank cover, the upper part of the tank body is connected with the tank cover, the lower part of the tank body is connected with the tank bottom, the tank body is wrapped with a heat preservation layer, a tightening rod, the tank bottom center installs the discharge gate, and discharge valve installs on the discharge gate, and the discharge gate is connected with outside discharging device.
2. The high efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor as recited in claim 1, wherein a support is further installed at the bottom of the tank bottom for supporting and fixing the anaerobic digestion reactor.
3. The efficient anaerobic digestion reactor as recited in claim 1, wherein the tank is cylindrical, the height-diameter ratio is not less than 2.5:1, the temperature-increasing facility is an in-tank temperature-increasing mode or a tank wall temperature-increasing mode, when the tank wall is heated, a jacket is additionally arranged outside the tank, hot water is introduced into the jacket, the temperature of the tank is increased through hot water circulation, the temperature in the tank is automatically adjusted through an automatic controller, the number of tightening rods on the transmission shaft is not more than 5 groups, the width or thickness of the tightening rods is not more than 1cm, and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the tank is 0.85-0.95: 1.
4. The high-efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tank bottom is in the shape of a truncated cone, the taper is less than or equal to 4:1, the tank bottom is connected with the tank body in an equal diameter manner, and the lower bottom of the tank bottom is connected with the discharge hole.
5. The high efficiency anaerobic digestion reactor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the tank bottom is equipped with 2-3 discharging scrapers, the discharging scrapers are mounted on the connecting rod, the connecting rod is mounted at the end of the transmission shaft, the angle between the discharging scrapers and the vertical direction is 60-85 °, the transmission shaft is equipped with umbrella-shaped tightening rods from the end to the equal distance along the transmission shaft as the axis.
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