CN212535854U - Reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine with hinged arc-shaped nested case and adjustable compression ratio - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an adjustable compression ratio reciprocating piston internal combustion engine of an articulated arc nested case, which discloses a scheme for nested connection between a cylinder body and a crankcase by the articulated arc nested case, and adjusts the distance and the position between the cylinder body and the crankcase by adjusting the deflection angle and the rotational sliding between the cylinder body and the crankcase so as to realize continuous variable adjustment of the compression ratio as required, so that the engine can use a proper compression ratio under various working conditions, and the engine can reach higher performance and thermal efficiency when running under various working conditions; the emission of pollutant and harmful substances can be effectively reduced; many different types and different numbers of fuels can be used; the utility model discloses scheme structural component is simple, and the essential element of engine need not to make great change, and easy production is implemented.

Description

Reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine with hinged arc-shaped nested case and adjustable compression ratio

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a reciprocating piston internal-combustion engine.

Background

The reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine refers to a piston type internal combustion engine with a piston performing reciprocating linear motion in a cylinder. The four-stroke reciprocating piston engine forms a working cycle by four sequential steps of air intake, air compression, combustion and expansion work and exhaust formed by piston motion, and the working process is formed by continuous repeated cycle. The reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine can be divided into ignition type and compression ignition type according to the ignition mode, and mainly comprises a gasoline engine and a diesel engine respectively.

The thermal efficiency of the existing gasoline engine is about 35 percent generally and reaches 40 percent at most, and the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine is about 40 percent generally and reaches 46 percent at most. Reciprocating piston type internal combustion engines have been developed for more than one hundred years, various technologies are relatively mature, but the thermal efficiency is not high, and further improvement of the thermal efficiency is difficult.

Even though the highest thermal efficiency of the current reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is not high, in practical use, the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine still cannot achieve high thermal efficiency under most working conditions, and can only achieve low thermal efficiency under most working conditions, namely, the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine runs under low thermal efficiency level under most working conditions, for example, the highest thermal efficiency of the current common gasoline engine used as an automobile engine is about 37%, but in practical use, the thermal efficiency of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine often even does not achieve 30% under most working conditions. The reason why the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is difficult to reach the ideal maximum thermal efficiency state in the using process is that most of the prior reciprocating piston type internal combustion engines are engines with fixed compression ratios, and can reach the maximum thermal efficiency state only under specific working conditions, namely the working conditions suitable for the compression ratio, the power and the rotating speed of the engine suitable for the working conditions, and the engine can reach the maximum thermal efficiency under the ideal operating state; under other working conditions, such as when the power is small, the required air quantity and the fuel quantity are correspondingly small, the engine reduces the air intake quantity through adjusting the intake valve, and the corresponding compression ratio of the actual air intake quantity cannot reach the marked compression ratio of the engine, so the actual compression ratio of the engine at the moment is low, the thermal efficiency of the engine is also low, and due to the fact that the actual working conditions are diversified when the automobile runs, the automobile cannot run under ideal conditions under most conditions, namely the ideal thermal efficiency is difficult to achieve under most conditions. For example, when the automobile runs on an expressway and an urban road, the fuel efficiency is completely different, and the oil consumption is greatly different. At low power, the fixed compression ratio engine has a relatively low thermal efficiency and also has a relatively low torque and power.

The compression ratio of the engine is adjusted according to different working condition states, so that the engine can work at the compression ratio suitable for the engine under different working conditions, a lower compression ratio is used under high load, a higher compression ratio is used under low load, and higher thermal efficiency can be achieved under different working conditions. Until now, various adjustable variable compression ratio schemes have been developed in the internal combustion engine, but the variable compression ratio schemes are all complex, so that the design and manufacturing cost of the engine is greatly increased, and the complex variable compression ratio schemes cause greater mechanical loss, so that the generated effect is not obvious, and the practical application is difficult to achieve. For example, the variable compression ratio SVC engine developed by Saab in sweden is characterized in that the top of the engine body (including the cylinder and the cylinder cover) is connected through a hinge, and the top of the engine body is rotated, and the top of the cylinder body is inclined, so that the relative position of the combustion chamber and the top surface of the piston is changed, the volume of the combustion chamber is changed, and thus the compression ratio is changed, and the compression ratio can range from 8:1 to 14: 1; the cylinder body and the crankcase are connected through the rubber sealing piece, the connection makes the machine body difficult to seal, and because the pressure and the vibration between the piston and the cylinder and between the piston and the cylinder cover are large, the hinge type stop block structure in the machine case is difficult to ensure the stability of the machine body, and finally, the cost is too high to put into production. The VC-Turbo variable compression ratio engine only produced daily, which can be actually produced in mass production and applied at present, is different from the crank connecting rod structure of the traditional engine, and is a novel multi-connecting rod system, wherein a crank pin lever is arranged on a shaft neck, one end of the crank pin lever is connected with a piston connecting rod, the other end of the crank pin lever is connected with a control connecting rod, the control rod is connected with an eccentric shaft, the compression ratio can be adjusted by adjusting and controlling the eccentric shaft, and the stepless switching of the compression ratio of the engine from 8:1 (high performance) to 14:1 (high efficiency) can be realized. The variable compression ratio technology of an MCE-5 engine of French company is similar to that of a VC-Turbo engine of Nissan products, a lever with gears is used for connecting a plurality of connecting rods, the maximum characteristic is that a piston guided by a ball bearing system is used, the piston and the connecting rod of the piston are in rigid connection, and the piston does not generate radial pressure and slapping on a cylinder. The VC-Turbo engine and the MCE-5 engine both use a multi-connecting-rod and lever structure, so that the engine structure is quite complex, particularly, the pressure and the stress on the shaft neck used as a lever fulcrum are multiplied, the mass and the mechanical loss of a motion mechanism of the engine are increased on the whole, although the power and the thermal efficiency of the engine are improved compared with those of a common engine, the power and the thermal efficiency of the engine do not show obvious better advantages compared with those of the current engine with the highest performance, but the design and manufacturing cost of the engine is greatly increased, and the mechanical complexity also inevitably causes the increase of the failure rate; for example, inflixidi QX50, which carries a variable compression ratio engine, compares with audi Q5 and bme X3, both in urban road and highway tests, which do not offer any advantage in terms of power and fuel efficiency, even doubts about the efficiency of the variable compression ratio engine solution.

The problem that is difficult to solve at present is how to enable an engine to meet the requirement of achieving ideal power and thermal efficiency under various working conditions, and to design and produce a simple and low-cost variable compression ratio engine scheme capable of achieving high thermal efficiency and high power performance under different working conditions.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to enable the engine to achieve corresponding ideal strong power performance and high thermal efficiency under different working conditions, a variable compression ratio engine is required to be used, and the engine is required to adapt to compression ratio under different working conditions; how to realize the engine scheme which can achieve stronger power and high thermal efficiency under different working conditions is a problem which is difficult to solve; the utility model provides a reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine scheme of adjustable compression ratio can solve above these problems completely.

The proposal of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine of the utility model is closely related to the structure of the engine body, and the engine body of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is generally four parts of a cylinder cover, a cylinder body, a crankcase, an oil storage tank and the like from top to bottom in sequence; the cylinder head is a separate component that makes up the combustion chamber, usually in combination with the air distribution structure; the cylinder block and the crankcase of the prior internal combustion engine are usually combined into a whole to form a machine body, because the pressure or the pulling force generated between the cylinder block and the crankshaft is very large, the side pressure of the cylinder block is also relatively large, the vibration between the cylinder block and the crankshaft is also very strong, and the combination of the cylinder block and the crankshaft is favorable for the compactness and the stability of the machine body of the engine, and is favorable for easily overcoming various stresses generated by the pressure, the pulling force and the like and weakening the vibration of.

The utility model has the scheme that the machine body of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is divided into two parts, the part above the cylinder cover and the cylinder body is the upper machine body, the lower part of the crankcase and the oil storage tank is the lower machine body, one side outside the cylinder body and the crankcase is provided with a hinge connection, the cylinder body and the crankcase are connected by an arc rotatable sliding nested box body, the nested box body can rotatably slide by taking the hinge as an axis, two surfaces of the nested box body parallel to the axis of the hinge are arc curved surfaces, and the box body nesting between the cylinder body and the crankcase is sealed by an oil seal to prevent the leakage of the engine oil; the other side of the cylinder body, which is hinged with the outside of the crankcase, is provided with a positioner, the positioner is a part which can adjust the rotation angle and the fixing position of the arc-shaped box body, the cylinder body and the crankcase can deflect around the hinge of the case by adjusting the positioner, and the cylinder body and the crankcase can rotate and slide through the arc-shaped nested box body to change the distance and the position between the cylinder body and the crankcase, and the positioner can be fixed at any point of the rotation and the sliding to fix the positions of the cylinder body and the crankcase; the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted by adjusting the distance and the position of the cylinder block and the crankcase.

A hinge is a mechanical device used to connect two solids and allow relative rotation between them. The hinge is connected by a hinge.

In order to make the rotation directions of the hinge of the engine body, the crankshaft, the crank neck and the piston pin consistent, the axis of the hinge is generally parallel and consistent with the axis of the crankshaft, two parallel surfaces of the arc-shaped nested case and the axis of the crankshaft and the hinge are arc-shaped curved surfaces taking the hinge as the axis, and two perpendicular surfaces of the nested case and the axis of the crankshaft and the hinge are arc-shaped planes at two sides.

In order to stabilize the positioning and reduce vibration, a strong compression spring can be added between the cylinder block and the crankcase on one side of the positioner, and the connection between the cylinder block and the crankcase is compacted.

When the angle between the cylinder body and the crankcase deflects around the hinge of the case, and the arc-shaped rotatable sliding nested box body rotates and slides angularly, the distance and the position between the cylinder body and the crankcase are changed, and the linear motion axis of the piston deflects along with the angle, so that the motion angle of the piston relative to the crankshaft is changed, and the larger the angular change is, the larger the lateral pressure change of the piston to the cylinder is. The closer the axis of the hinged hinge is to the axis of the piston motion, the larger the angle required to rotate during adjustment is, and otherwise, the smaller the angle required to be adjusted is; therefore, the hinge axis is far away from the case, which is beneficial to reducing the rotation angle of adjustment and the change of lateral pressure of the piston on the cylinder, and the hinge axis is far away, which can increase the radian radius of the connection of the arc case and is beneficial to the connection and sealing of the case.

The utility model discloses the scheme is shown as figure 1, and figure 1 is the articulated nested box of arc of fuselage and the vertical section tectonic drawing of hydraulic link structure, relevant mark in the picture: 1. the engine comprises an engine body, 2, an external reinforcing rib of the engine body, 3, an external wing plate of the engine body, 4, an arc-shaped nested case of the engine body, 5, a hinge of the engine body, 6, a strong spring, 7, an arc-shaped nested case of a crankcase, 8, an external wing plate of the crankcase, 9, an external reinforcing rib of the crankcase, 10, the crankcase, 11, an oil storage tank and 12, a hydraulic connecting rod positioner. In fig. 1, for convenience and enhancement of connection and fixation of the upper and lower bodies, two sides of the cylinder body are respectively provided with a cylinder body outer wing plate (3), two sides of the crankcase are respectively provided with a crankcase outer wing plate (8), and a body hinge (5) is arranged between the outer wing plates on the same side of the body to hinge the cylinder body outer wing plate (3) and the crankcase outer wing plate (8) together, so that the upper body cylinder body (1) and the lower body crankcase (10) are hinged together. The box body connection between the cylinder body (1) and the crankcase (10) is that the cylinder body arc nested case (4) of the cylinder body (1) is nested with the crankcase arc nested case (7) of the crankcase (10), in the figure 1, the cylinder body arc nested case (4) is nested outside, the crankcase arc nested case (7) is nested inside, the two arc box bodies are both nested and connected in an arc-shaped rotatable and sliding way by taking the axle center of the machine body hinge (5) as the center of a circle, and the two arc box bodies are sealed by an oil seal. A positioner is arranged between the cylinder body outer wing plate (3) and the crankcase outer wing plate (8) on the other side of the machine body hinge (5), the positioner shown in figure 1 is a hydraulic connecting rod positioner (12), and the angle and the distance between the cylinder body (1) and the crankcase (10) can be adjusted by adjusting the positioner, so that the compression ratio is adjusted; and a strong spring (6) is arranged between the cylinder body outer wing plate (3) and the crankcase outer wing plate (8) on the other side of the machine body hinge (5) to compact the connection of the upper machine body and the lower machine body.

The positioner is a component capable of adjusting the rotation angle and the fixing position of the hinged arc-shaped box body, and can be realized in various structures.

A positioner is composed of a hydraulic connecting rod structure. The hydraulic connecting rod structure is characterized in that a hydraulic rod is fixed to one end of a connecting rod, a piston rod of the hydraulic rod points to the other end of the connecting rod, when the length of the hydraulic rod is increased, the distance between the end of the hydraulic rod and the other end of the connecting rod is shortened, otherwise, the distance between the end of the hydraulic rod and the end of the connecting rod is increased; the other ends of the hydraulic rod ends and the connecting rod are respectively connected with the cylinder body and the crankcase on the other side of the hinge of the hinged box body through hinges, and the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crankcase hinged arc nested box body can be controlled and adjusted by controlling and changing the length of the hydraulic connecting rod and the distance between the two hinged rod ends, so that the distance and the position between the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

The utility model discloses scheme hydraulic pressure connecting rod structure is shown in fig. 1, and fig. 1 is the nested box of articulated arc of fuselage and the vertical section constructional view of hydraulic pressure connecting rod structure, the mark in the picture: 1. the hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder body, 2 parts of reinforcing ribs outside the cylinder body, 3 parts of an outer wing plate of the cylinder body, 4 parts of an arc-shaped nested case of the cylinder body, 5 parts of a hinge of a machine body, 6 parts of a strong spring, 7 parts of an arc-shaped nested case of a crankcase, 8 parts of an outer wing plate of the crankcase, 9 parts of an outer reinforcing rib outside the crankcase, 10 parts of the crankcase, 11 parts of an oil storage tank, 12 parts of a hydraulic connecting rod positioner, 13 parts of a hydraulic rod of a hydraulic connecting rod structure, 14 parts of a connecting rod of the hydraulic connecting rod structure, 15 parts of a hinge of a. In fig. 1, a hydraulic link positioner (12) is formed by fixedly connecting a hydraulic rod (13) of a hydraulic link structure with one end of a link (14) of the hydraulic link structure, one end of the hydraulic rod (13) of the hydraulic link structure is hinged with an outer wing plate (3) of a cylinder block to form a hydraulic rod end hinge (15), the other end of the link (14) of the hydraulic link structure of the hydraulic link positioner (12) is hinged with an outer wing plate (8) of a crankcase to form a hydraulic link end hinge (16), the hydraulic link positioner (12) is respectively connected with the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10) through two hinged hinges, the hinged rotation angle of the cylinder block and the crankcase can be controlled and adjusted by controlling and adjusting the length of the hydraulic rod (13) of the hydraulic link structure of the hydraulic link positioner (12), so as to adjust the distance and the position of the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10), to adjust the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.

A positioner is composed of a crank arm and connecting rod structure. The crank arm connecting rod structure is characterized in that a crank arm is connected with a connecting rod through a hinge, a rotating shaft of the crank arm is fixed to the other side of the hinge of the crankcase hinge box body, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the other side of the hinge of the cylinder body hinge box body through a hinge (the connection of the crank arm connecting rod with the cylinder body and the crankcase can be exchanged); the crank arm pushes the connecting rod by adjusting the rotation angle of the crank arm, and the crank arm connecting rod can control and adjust the deflection angle and the rotation sliding of the cylinder body and the crank case hinged arc nested box body, thereby adjusting the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crank case and adjusting the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

The utility model discloses scheme crank arm connecting rod structure is shown in fig. 2, and fig. 2 is the nested box of articulated arc of fuselage and crank arm connecting rod structure longitudinal section constructional diagram, the mark in the picture: 1. the engine comprises an engine body, 2, an external reinforcing rib of the engine body, 3, an external wing plate of the engine body, 4, an embedded engine case of the engine body, 5, an engine body hinge, 6, a strong spring, 7, an embedded engine case of a crankcase, 8, an external wing plate of the crankcase, 9, an external reinforcing rib of the crankcase, 10, a crankcase, 11, an oil storage tank, 17, a crank arm connecting rod structure positioner, 18, a connecting rod of a crank arm connecting rod structure, 19, a crank arm of the crank arm connecting rod structure, 20, a crank arm rotating shaft, 21, a crank arm hinge and 22, wherein the connecting rod end of the crank arm connecting rod. In fig. 2, the positioner (17) of the crank arm and link structure is formed by hinging a crank arm (19) of the crank arm and link structure with a link (18) of the crank arm and link structure through a crank arm hinge (21), a crank arm rotating shaft (20) is fixedly connected to the outer wing plate (8) of the crankcase, and the link (18) of the crank arm and link structure is connected with the outer wing plate (3) of the cylinder block through a link end hinge (22) of the crank arm and link structure. When the rotation angle of a crank arm (19) of a crank arm connecting rod structure is controlled and adjusted, the crank arm (19) of the crank arm connecting rod structure pushes a connecting rod (18) of the crank arm connecting rod structure to drive an upper machine body to rotate around a machine body hinge (5), so that a cylinder body (1) and a crankcase (10) and a cylinder body nested case (4) and a crankcase nested case (7) of an arc nested box body rotate and slide around the machine body hinge (5), and the distance and the position of the cylinder body (1) and the crankcase (10) are adjusted to adjust the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine.

The hinge structure of the variable compression ratio SVC engine that crank arm connecting rod structure locator mode and Sweden Sabo (Saab) developed is more similar, but also has a lot of differences, the utility model discloses the scheme possesses the characteristics of a lot of differences. The hinge structure of the Sabo variable compression ratio SVC engine is constructed in a machine body box, the design is compact, a cylinder body is connected with a crankcase through a rubber sealing piece, the sealing is difficult, the adjustable space of a combustion chamber is small, the deflection change angle of a piston motion axis is large, and the change of the side pressure of a piston is large. The utility model discloses the scheme is to articulate the connection outside organism machine case, with arc machine case nested connection, the sealed easy realization of machine case, articulated hinge axle center can be done than far away with piston motion axis distance, can make when adjusting the compression ratio like this, the less change of machine case articulated angle just can realize that the space of combustion chamber when piston top dead center has great change, and the angle that the piston motion axis deflected and changes is also less, and the structure outside the machine case can design more easily and arrange the implementation, make organism machine case rigidity more and firm.

A positioner is composed of a hinged double-connecting-rod structure. The hinged double-connecting-rod structure is characterized in that two connecting rods are hinged together through hinges, and the other ends of the two connecting rods are respectively hinged with the other side of a hinge of a hinged box body of a cylinder body and the other side of a hinge of a hinged box body of a crankcase, so that the two hinged connecting rods and a hinged machine body case form a triangular shape, the side length of the machine body case can be changed through the movement of the connecting rods, and the hinged angle of the machine body case can be changed; one end of the hydraulic rod structure or the screw rod structure is hinged to one of the double connecting rods, and the other end of the hydraulic rod structure or the screw rod structure is fixedly hinged to the upper machine body or the lower machine body; the double connecting rods can be pushed to move and change the positions of the double connecting rods by adjusting the length of the hydraulic rod or the screw rod, and the hinged angle of the cylinder body and the crankcase and the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the arc-shaped nested box body can be controlled and adjusted by the hinged double connecting rods, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted to adjust the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

The utility model discloses scheme articulated double link structure is shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3 is the nested box of articulated arc of fuselage and articulated double link structure longitudinal section tectonic chart, the mark in the picture: 1. the engine comprises a cylinder body, 2, a cylinder body external reinforcing rib, 3, a cylinder body external wing plate, 4, a cylinder body nested case, 5, a machine body hinge, 6, a strong spring, 7, a crankcase nested case, 8, a crankcase external wing plate, 9, a crankcase external reinforcing rib, 10, a crankcase, 11, an oil storage tank, 23, a hinged double-connecting-rod structure positioner, 24, connecting rods 1 and 25 of a hinged double-connecting-rod structure, 2 and 26 of a hinged double-connecting-rod structure, 27, a connecting rod 2 end hinge, 28, a connecting rod 1 end hinge, 29, a hydraulic rod of a hinged double-connecting-rod structure, 30, a hydraulic rod and a crankcase external wing plate hinge, and 31, the hydraulic rod and the connecting rod 2 hinge. In fig. 3, the articulated double link structure positioner (23) is composed of a link 1 (24) of the articulated double link structure and a link 2 (25) of the articulated double link structure articulated with each other by a double link hinge (26) and a hydraulic rod (29) of the articulated double link structure, the link 2 (25) of the articulated double link structure is fixedly articulated to the crankcase outer wing plate (8) by a link 2 end hinge (27), and the link 1 (24) of the articulated double link structure is articulated with the cylinder block outer wing plate (3) by a link 1 end hinge (28); one end of a hydraulic rod (29) of the hinged double-link structure is fixedly hinged to an outer wing plate (8) of the crankcase through a hydraulic rod and an outer wing plate hinge (30) of the crankcase and fixedly connected to the crankcase (10), and the other end of the hydraulic rod is connected to a connecting rod (2) (25) of the hinged double-link structure through a hydraulic rod and a connecting rod (2) hinge (31), when the length of the hydraulic rod (29) of the hinged double-link structure is controlled and adjusted to change, the hydraulic rod (29) of the hinged double-link structure can push and pull the connecting rods (1) (24) and 2 (25) of the hinged double-link structure to move to drive the upper body and the lower body to rotate around a body hinge (5), so that the cylinder body (1) and the crankcase (10) and the cylinder body nesting case (4) and the crankcase nesting case (7) of the arc nesting case body generate angular deflection change and rotational sliding, and further adjust the distance and the position, to adjust the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.

A positioner is composed of a sliding connecting rod structure. The sliding connecting rod structure is characterized in that a sliding column is fixed to the other side of a hinge of a crankcase hinge box body, a sliding sleeve is arranged on the sliding column and can slide on the sliding column, one end of the connecting rod is hinged or connected to the sliding sleeve through a rotating shaft, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the other side of the hinge of the cylinder body hinge box body through a hinge (the connection of the sliding connecting rod structure with the cylinder body and the crankcase can be exchanged), then the connected connecting rod, the sliding column and a machine case form a triangular shape, the sliding sleeve slides on the sliding column and can change the side length of the machine case, and the hinged angle of the machine case can be; the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crankcase hinged arc nested box body can be controlled and adjusted by controlling and fixing the distance and the position of the sliding sleeve and the case, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the sliding sleeve through a rotating shaft, namely a transverse rotating shaft is arranged on the sliding sleeve, and the connecting rod can rotate around the sliding sleeve through the rotating shaft. The distance and the position between the sliding sleeve and the case can be controlled and adjusted by installing a hydraulic rod structure or a screw rod structure on the sliding sleeve. The sliding connecting rod structure has the advantages that pressure and tension generated by the combustion chamber and the piston can directly act on the connecting rod, the sliding sleeve and the sliding column, and the acting forces can not directly act on the positioning structure used for adjusting the distance and the position, so that the fixing and the stability of the case structure are facilitated, and the long-term durable stability of the positioner structure is also facilitated.

The utility model discloses scheme slip connecting rod structure is shown in fig. 4, and fig. 4 is the nested box of articulated arc of fuselage and the vertical section constructional view of slip connecting rod structure, the mark in the picture: 1. the engine comprises a cylinder body, 2, a cylinder body external reinforcing rib, 3, a cylinder body external wing plate, 4, a cylinder body nested case, 5, a machine body hinge, 6, a strong spring, 7, a crankcase nested case, 8, a crankcase external wing plate, 9, a crankcase external reinforcing rib, 10, a crankcase, 11, an oil storage tank, 32, a sliding connecting rod structure positioner, 33, a connecting rod of a sliding connecting rod structure, 34, a sliding column, 35, a sliding sleeve, 36, a sliding sleeve hinge, 37, a connecting rod end hinge of the sliding connecting rod structure and 38, a hydraulic rod of the sliding connecting rod structure. In fig. 4, the sliding link structure positioner (32) is composed of a sliding column (34), a sliding sleeve (35) capable of sliding thereon, a sliding link structure connecting rod (33) hinged with the sliding sleeve (35) through a sliding sleeve hinge (36), and a sliding link structure hydraulic rod (38), the sliding column (34) is fixedly connected to the crankcase outer wing plate (8), the sliding link structure connecting rod (33) is connected with the cylinder block outer wing plate (3) through a sliding link structure connecting rod end hinge (37), one end of the sliding link structure hydraulic rod (38) is fixedly connected to the sliding column (34) end and fixedly connected to the crankcase (10), and the other end is connected to the sliding sleeve (35), when the length of the sliding link structure hydraulic rod (38) is controlled and adjusted to change, the sliding sleeve (35) slides on the sliding column (34) to drive the sliding link structure connecting rod (33) to move, the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10) and the cylinder block nested case (4) and the crankcase nested case (7) of the arc nested case body are enabled to generate angular deflection and rotational sliding, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10) are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted.

A positioner is composed of a screw structure. The screw structure is composed of a cylindrical connecting rod with threads on the outer surface, the connecting rod with threads is provided with a corresponding nut, and the distance between the end point of the connecting rod and the nut can be adjusted by rotating the connecting rod or the nut; fixing the rotatable nut part of the screw structure to the other side of the hinge of the crankcase hinge box body, and connecting the other end of the threaded connecting rod with the other side of the hinge of the cylinder body hinge box body through a hinge (the connection of the screw structure with the cylinder body and the crankcase can be exchanged); the nut of the rotary screw structure is adjusted, and the screw structure can control and adjust the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crankcase hinged arc nested box body, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

The utility model discloses scheme screw rod structure is shown in fig. 5, and fig. 5 is the nested box of articulated arc of fuselage and screw rod structure longitudinal section constructional diagram, the mark in the picture: 1. the engine comprises an engine body, 2 parts of an external reinforcing rib of the engine body, 3 parts of an external wing plate of the engine body, 4 parts of an embedded chassis of the engine body, 5 parts of a hinge of the engine body, 6 parts of a strong spring, 7 parts of an embedded chassis of a crankcase, 8 parts of an external wing plate of the crankcase, 9 parts of an external reinforcing rib of the crankcase, 10 parts of the crankcase, 11 parts of an oil storage tank, 39 parts of a screw rod structure positioner, 40 parts of a threaded connecting rod, 41 parts of a nut fixing plate, 42 parts of a nut. In fig. 5, the screw structure retainer (39) is composed of a threaded link (40), a nut (42) and a nut fixing plate (41), the nut fixing plate (41) is fixedly connected to the crankcase outer panel (8) and fixes the position of the nut, and the threaded link (40) is connected to the cylinder block outer panel (3) by a threaded link hinge (43). When the control and adjustment nut (42) rotates, the distance between the nut (42) and a threaded connecting rod hinge (43) at the end of the threaded connecting rod (40) is changed, the threaded connecting rod (40) can drive the upper machine body to rotate around a machine body hinge (5), so that the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10) as well as the cylinder block nested case (4) and the crankcase nested case (7) of the arc-shaped nested case body generate angular deflection and rotational sliding, and the distance and the position between the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10) are adjusted, so that the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted.

A positioner is composed of a tooth connecting rod structure. The tooth connecting rod structure is that the connecting rod is a rectangular flat sheet-shaped connecting rod, one surface of the sheet-shaped connecting rod is provided with teeth to form a tooth connecting rod, the teeth can be matched with corresponding gears, and when the gears rotate on the teeth of the tooth connecting rod, the distance between the gears and the end points of the tooth connecting rod can be adjusted; the rotatable gear part of the tooth connecting rod structure is fixed to the other side of the hinge of the crankcase hinge box body, and the other end of the tooth connecting rod is connected with the other side of the hinge of the cylinder body hinge box body through a hinge (the connection of the tooth connecting rod structure with the cylinder body and the crankcase can be exchanged); the gear of the tooth connecting rod structure is adjusted to rotate, and the tooth connecting rod structure can control and adjust the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crank case hinged arc nested box body, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crank case are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

The utility model discloses scheme tooth connecting rod structure is shown in fig. 6, and fig. 6 is the articulated nested box of arc of fuselage and tooth connecting rod structure longitudinal section tectonic chart, the mark in the picture: 1. the engine comprises an engine body, 2 parts of an external reinforcing rib of the engine body, 3 parts of an external wing plate of the engine body, 4 parts of an embedded chassis of the engine body, 5 parts of a hinge of the engine body, 6 parts of a strong spring, 7 parts of an embedded chassis of a crankcase, 8 parts of an external wing plate of the crankcase, 9 parts of an external reinforcing rib of the crankcase, 10 parts of the crankcase, 11 parts of an oil storage tank, 44 parts of a tooth connecting rod structure positioner, 45 parts of a tooth connecting rod structure, 46 parts of a gear, and 47 parts of a connecting rod end. In fig. 6, the tooth connecting rod structure positioner (44) is composed of a tooth connecting rod (45) and a gear (46) of a tooth connecting rod structure, the gear (46) is fixedly connected to the outer wing plate (8) of the crankcase, and the tooth connecting rod (45) of the tooth connecting rod structure is connected with the outer wing plate (3) of the cylinder block through a connecting rod end hinge (47) of the tooth connecting rod structure and penetrates and is limited on the outer wing plate (8) of the crankcase. When the control and adjustment gear (46) rotates, the distance between the gear (46) and a hinge (47) at the end of a connecting rod (45) of the tooth connecting rod structure at the end of the tooth connecting rod structure is changed, the tooth connecting rod (45) of the tooth connecting rod structure can drive the upper machine body to rotate around a machine body hinge (5), so that the cylinder body (1) and the crankcase (10) as well as the cylinder body nested case (4) and the crankcase nested case (7) of the arc nested case body are subjected to angular deflection and rotational sliding, and the distance and the position between the cylinder body (1) and the crankcase (10) are adjusted, so that the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted.

The utility model discloses the scheme carries out slidable nested connection through the articulated and the nested box of arc of cylinder block and crankcase, can adjust the distance between the upper and lower fuselage wantonly as required, has realized adjusting as required of compression ratio. The utility model discloses the scheme is mainly implemented outside the organism and is adjusted, and each part is not influenced basically in the organism, and its structural component is simple relatively, nevertheless in order to ensure the atress and the stability of organism, and each part that needs to increase all compares more with the use material, so can increase more to the weight of whole organism. Compared with the prior fixed compression ratio engine, the scheme mode of the utility model is the closest similarity, most mechanical parts do not need to be changed, when the engine is fixed in position, the engine is actually equivalent to the engine with the fixed compression ratio, but the scheme of the utility model can ensure that the engine can use the proper compression ratio under various working conditions, thereby achieving higher thermal efficiency; in many other types of variable compression ratio engines, mechanical parts such as piston and connecting rods are changed, which most likely affects various performances of the engine.

The utility model discloses the scheme is applicable to the reciprocating piston internal-combustion engine of in-line multi-cylinder structure, nevertheless to the engine of V type cylinder body structure or other cylinder body structures, because the cylinder body is not in the coplanar, is difficult to carry out the articulated and nested sliding connection of cylinder body box, so just also be difficult to be suitable for.

It should be noted that, in particular, increasing the compression ratio is a main factor in increasing the thermal efficiency of the engine. The variable compression ratio engine can carry out adaptive compression ratio adjustment according to different working conditions, so that the engine can realize relatively high thermal efficiency under different working conditions; however, for a fuel engine, detonation is an important factor restricting the improvement of the compression ratio, the performance and the thermal efficiency of the engine, particularly for a gasoline engine, detonation is one of the biggest bottlenecks in improving the compression ratio and the thermal efficiency, when the compression ratio is high, the mixed gas mixed with fuel in a combustion chamber can be subjected to compression ignition before a piston reaches a top dead center, the detonation and detonation phenomena are easy to generate, and therefore the improvement of the compression ratio and the fuel efficiency is restricted. To fundamentally improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, it is not sufficient, if the compression ratio is raised only at a small power so as to raise the efficiency by raising the expansion ratio, but it is also meaningless. The vehicles currently using variable compression ratio engines do not have particularly higher fuel efficiency than the conventional excellent vehicles, and the restriction of knocking is the most important reason, in addition to the mechanical structural reason. The improvement of the compression ratio and the thermal efficiency can be fundamentally realized only by improving the compression ratio through the variable compression ratio, realizing the change of the combustion mode of the fuel of the engine, and changing the environmental conditions and the influence factors of the explosion limit of the detonation. For example, a gasoline engine can realize compression ignition and ignition through a lean-burn combustion mode, thereby realizing higher compression ratio and thermal efficiency; it is also possible to achieve a higher compression ratio by raising the critical pressure of knocking or the like, such as lowering the fuel mixture concentration to raise the critical pressure of knocking of fuel combustion. According to different requirements, different combustion modes are adopted under different working conditions, or different fuel concentrations are used, or proper air inflow is used, so that the highest compression ratio used under the current working condition and the same fuel quantity can be adjusted as far as possible, and higher thermal efficiency is obtained.

To the gasoline engine, the utility model discloses the reciprocating piston internal-combustion engine scheme of adjustable compression ratio can effectively reduce the harmful emission of pollution. The air-fuel ratio of the mixed gas of the gasoline engine is 12-14, the power is the maximum, under the condition, the gasoline engine carries out anoxic combustion and can generate a large amount of carbon monoxide, one oxygen molecule in the combusted working medium gas is split into two oxygen atoms, each oxygen atom is recombined to generate one gas molecule (carbon monoxide or water), the increasing ratio of the mole number (the amount of substances) is the highest, the temperature of the working medium gas is higher due to less air quantity, the working medium gas has the maximum pressure rising ratio under the condition, and the thermal efficiency of the working medium gas is the maximum; however, because the air ratio is small, high temperature is easily generated during combustion, and nitrogen oxides are easily generated; moreover, the oxygen-deficient combustion also leads to incomplete combustion, and Hydrocarbons (HC) remain; therefore, under the condition of oxygen-poor combustion of the gasoline engine, a large amount of pollutant and harmful substances are discharged, and a three-way catalytic converter is required to be used for waste gas treatment so as to reduce the pollutant and discharge. The performance and efficiency of an engine can be generally considered when a gasoline engine of an automobile is adjusted, anoxic combustion with a lower air-fuel ratio can be used when idling, low-power and low-load and high-load are carried out, and a large amount of harmful pollutant emission can still be generated inevitably even if an exhaust gas treatment measure is taken. For the fixed compression ratio engine, under the working condition of low power and low load, oxygen-poor combustion is carried out, and some engines also use exhaust gas recirculation technology of exhaust gas reuse because the used air quantity is less, the actual compression ratio is quite low, and even if the pressure rise ratio of working medium gas reaches higher, the total thermal efficiency is still quite low. The utility model discloses adjustable compression ratio internal-combustion engine scheme can use the air-fuel ratio of excess air completely, uses the compression ignition firing combustion mode of lean burn even, and compression ratio can carry out corresponding suitable regulation according to the air quantity completely, and compression ratio will reach very high level like this, and the thermal efficiency of internal-combustion engine also can obtain very big improvement to the harmful pollutant that generates when can not producing the oxygen deficiency burning. Of course, the utility model discloses the scheme also can use the oxygen deficiency burning, compares the engine in the past moreover, because the compression has improved a lot, performance and thermal efficiency have bigger improvement, but this is totally unnecessary in the condition of low power low load, because the utility model discloses the scheme uses the combustion mode of lean burn to reach higher thermal efficiency, can not produce harmful pollutant moreover.

To the fuel of different grade, the utility model discloses the scheme engine all can adjust suitable compression ratio as required, can use the gasoline fuel of various grade, uses the compression ratio of adaptation according to the fuel of different grade, can effectively restrain and prevent the emergence of deflagration; even if the engine is made of materials that provide adequate performance, the engine can be designed to be an internal combustion engine that can use a variety of different types and grades of fuel, such as gasoline fuel, and diesel fuel.

The utility model has the advantages that the structure and the composition are simple, the main parts of the prior fixed compression ratio engine do not need to be greatly changed, and the production and the implementation are easy; the structure is simple and direct, and the side effect is small; generally, combustion is carried out by using a larger air-fuel ratio, so that the emission of pollutant and harmful substances can be effectively reduced; a variety of different types and different labels of fuel may be used; the compression ratio is easy to adjust according to requirements, and the high performance and the high thermal efficiency can be achieved for the operation of the engine under various working conditions.

Drawings

The figures and their designations are explained below.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a body hinged arc-shaped nested box body and a hydraulic link structure.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of the articulated arc-shaped nested box body and crank arm connecting rod structure of the machine body.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of the articulated arc-shaped nested box body and the articulated double-link structure of the machine body.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of the articulated arc-shaped nested box body and the sliding connecting rod structure of the machine body.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section structural diagram of a body hinged arc-shaped nested box body and a screw structure.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of the articulated arc-shaped nested box body and the tooth connecting rod structure of the machine body.

The labels in the figure are: 1. cylinder body, 2. cylinder body external reinforcing rib, 3. cylinder body external wing plate,

4. an arc-shaped nested case of a cylinder body, 5 a hinge of a machine body, 6 a strong spring, 7 an arc-shaped nested case of a crankcase,

8. the crankcase comprises an outer wing plate of the crankcase, 9. an outer reinforcing rib of the crankcase, 10. the crankcase, 11. an oil storage tank,

12. a hydraulic link positioner, 13, a hydraulic link of a hydraulic link structure, 14, a link of a hydraulic link structure,

15. a hydraulic rod end hinge, 16, a hydraulic connecting rod end hinge, 17, a crank arm connecting rod structure positioner,

18. a link of a crank arm link structure, 19 a crank arm of a crank arm link structure, 20 a crank arm rotating shaft,

21. a crank arm hinge, 22, a crank arm connecting rod end hinge, 23, a hinged double-connecting rod structure positioner,

24. links 1, 25 of a hinged double link structure, links 2, 26 of a hinged double link structure, double link hinges,

27. a hinge at the end of the connecting rod 2, 28, a hinge at the end of the connecting rod 1, 29, a hydraulic rod of a hinged double-connecting-rod structure,

30. the hydraulic rod is hinged with the outer wing plate of the crankcase 31. the hydraulic rod is hinged with the connecting rod 2,

32. a sliding link structure retainer, 33, a link of the sliding link structure, 34, a sliding post, 35, a sliding sleeve,

36. a sliding bush hinge 37, a sliding link structure link end hinge 38, a sliding link structure hydraulic rod,

39. a screw structure positioner, 40 screw connecting rods, 41 nut fixing plates, 42 nuts,

43. a thread connecting rod hinge, 44 a tooth connecting rod structure positioner, 45 a tooth connecting rod of the tooth connecting rod structure,

46. and 47, a gear is hinged at the connecting rod end of the tooth connecting rod structure.

Detailed Description

The hydraulic connecting rod of the articulated arc nested chassis positions the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine with adjustable compression ratio.

The utility model discloses scheme implementation example takes 1.6 liters four cylinder turbocharged direct injection gasoline engine as the prototype and improves the design, like figure 1 construction scheme. The greatest difference between this example and the prototype is that the cylinder block and crankcase are separate components that are nested in an articulated curved nest box.

The embodiment is shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a longitudinal section structural diagram of a body hinged arc-shaped nested box body and a hydraulic link structure, and the diagram is marked as follows: 1. the hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder body, 2 parts of reinforcing ribs outside the cylinder body, 3 parts of an outer wing plate of the cylinder body, 4 parts of an arc-shaped nested case of the cylinder body, 5 parts of a hinge of a machine body, 6 parts of a strong spring, 7 parts of an arc-shaped nested case of a crankcase, 8 parts of an outer wing plate of the crankcase, 9 parts of an outer reinforcing rib outside the crankcase, 10 parts of the crankcase, 11 parts of an oil storage tank, 12 parts of a hydraulic connecting rod positioner, 13 parts of a hydraulic rod of a hydraulic connecting rod structure, 14 parts of a connecting rod of the hydraulic connecting rod structure, 15 parts of a hinge of a. In the figure 1, along the parallel direction of the crankshaft, two sides of a cylinder body are respectively provided with a cylinder body outer wing plate (3), two sides of a crankcase are respectively provided with a crankcase outer wing plate (8), a body hinge (5) is arranged between the outer wing plates on the same side of the cylinder body to hinge the cylinder body outer wing plates (3) and the crankcase outer wing plates (8) together, so that an upper body cylinder body (1) and a lower body crankcase (10) are hinged and connected, and the axis of the hinge (5) is parallel to the axis direction of the crankshaft. The box body connection between the cylinder body (1) and the crankcase (10) is characterized in that a cylinder body arc nested case (4) of the cylinder body (1) and a crankcase arc nested case (7) of the crankcase (10) are connected in a nested manner, the cylinder body arc nested case (4) is nested outside in the drawing 1, the crankcase arc nested case (7) is nested inside, the two arc box bodies are connected in a rotatable and sliding manner by taking the axis of a hinge (5) of a machine body as the center of a circle, two surfaces of the nested box body, which are parallel to the axis of the hinge, are arc curved surfaces, two surfaces of the nested box body, which are perpendicular to the axis of the hinge, are planes of arc edges, and the two arc box bodies are sealed by oil. And a positioner is arranged between the cylinder body outer wing plate (3) and the crankcase outer wing plate (8) on the other side of the machine body hinge (5), and the positioner is a hydraulic connecting rod positioner (12). The hydraulic connecting rod positioner (12) is formed by fixedly connecting a hydraulic rod (13) of a hydraulic connecting rod structure with one end of a connecting rod (14) of the hydraulic connecting rod structure, one end of the hydraulic rod (13) of the hydraulic connecting rod structure is hinged with an outer wing plate (3) of the cylinder block to form a hydraulic rod end hinge (15), the other end of the connecting rod (14) of the hydraulic connecting rod structure of the hydraulic connecting rod positioner (12) is hinged with an outer wing plate (8) of the crankcase to form a hydraulic connecting rod end hinge (16), the hydraulic connecting rod positioner (12) is respectively connected with the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10) through two hinged hinges, the rotating angle of the cylinder block hinged with the crankcase can be controlled and adjusted by controlling and adjusting the length of the hydraulic rod (13) of the hydraulic connecting rod structure of the hydraulic connecting rod positioner (12), so that the distance and the position of the cylinder block (1) and the crankcase (10) can be adjusted, to adjust the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.

Three positioners which are uniformly distributed are used at one side of the chassis to adjust the deflection angle and the distance position of the upper chassis and the lower chassis so as to adjust the compression ratio, and high-pressure liquid oil in a high-pressure cavity of the hydraulic link positioner (12) serving as the positioner can be communicated so as to conveniently implement adjustment and adjustment of equal pressure and distance.

In order to make the connection between the cylinder block and the crankcase more compact and stable, a strong spring (6) is added to the engine of the embodiment between the outer wing plate (3) of the cylinder block and the outer wing plate (8) of the crankcase at the position of each hydraulic connecting rod positioner (12), so that the cylinder block (1) and the chassis of the crankcase (10) can be tightly and tightly connected on the positioner in a pressing way, and the deviation shaking and vibration of the cylinder block and the upper machine body are prevented.

The adjustable compression ratio of the engine of this example is set to be between 8 and 30.

The electric turbocharger is added to the engine, so that the air inlet pressure can be adjusted at any time according to needs, the air inlet quantity of the engine can be adapted to the compression ratio to meet the required working condition, and the power performance of the engine can be adjusted at any time.

The engine of the embodiment adopts a high-pressure common-rail direct injection oil supply system similar to a diesel engine, and the oil injection pressure is 160-200 MPa, so that multiple times of oil injection combustion can be favorably applied.

The engine of the embodiment has the advantages that the cylinder body and the crankcase are greatly changed, the parts related to the change of the positions of the cylinder body and the crankcase are added, other main parts of the engine are basically not required to be changed, the air distribution system is usually combined with the cylinder cover, the power of the air distribution system is generally sourced from a crankshaft and is transmitted by a chain or a belt, when the compression ratio is changed, the relative position of the upper machine body and the lower machine body is changed, the transmission of the chain or the belt is affected, so that a pressing wheel which can be adjusted along with the change of the compression ratio is required to be added for the transmission of the chain or the belt, when the compression ratio is increased, the pressing wheel is loosened, and when the compression ratio is reduced, the pressing wheel is pressed, so that the power and the angle of the transmission of the chain or.

The working condition and the running mode of the engine. When the engine runs under the working condition of idling or micro power and low load, the engine is adjusted to use a larger or even maximum compression ratio, a larger air-fuel ratio can be used, and a compression ignition or lean combustion mode can be used. When the engine works under the working conditions of medium power and medium load, the engine is operated in an ignition and ignition mode, an air-fuel ratio with an excess air coefficient of 1.2 or more is used, fuel can be injected at intervals in each cycle, the premixed excess air coefficient of the first injection is more than 1.6 (in order to prevent the engine from misfiring, the injection at the time of ignition can be increased), the explosion critical pressure is increased by reducing the concentration of mixed gas so as to improve the compression ratio, and the compression ratio is adjusted to be close to the level of slight explosion; the rest of the oil in each cycle can be injected into the combustion chamber once or more after the ignition combustion for combustion. When the engine is operating at high power and high load conditions, operating in a light-on-fire mode, an air-fuel ratio with an excess air ratio of around 1 may be used, and the premixed excess air ratio for the first injection should be above 1.6, and likewise, the compression ratio should be adjusted to approach a slight knock. When the engine is operated at maximum power and maximum load, the compression ratio is adjusted to 8 (the actual compression ratio is much higher than 8 due to turbocharging), the air and fuel amount per cycle is maximized, the premixed excess air ratio of the first injection should be above 1.6, and the premixed mixture should approach a slight detonation so that homogeneous mixing can be achieved with the highest actual compression ratio and as much fuel as possible.

Estimation of engine performance. The common fixed compression ratio of the prototype engine is about 9.5, the minimum compression ratio of the engine of the embodiment is 8, under the same conditions, the maximum air intake amount per cycle of the engine of the embodiment is more than that of the prototype engine, the maximum fuel consumption amount per cycle is more, and therefore the maximum power and the maximum torque of the engine of the embodiment are both much higher than those of the prototype engine. The engine of the embodiment is provided with the electric turbocharger, can quickly reach a high-load state, and has quick and strong power response. When the engine of the embodiment is under medium and high load, under the condition of the same fuel quantity, the pre-mixed fuel quantity can be reduced to improve the detonation critical pressure and use the compression ratio as large as possible, so that the occurrence of detonation can be effectively inhibited and prevented, and the thermal efficiency is greatly improved. When the engine of the embodiment is in an idling state or a micro power low load state, a large air-fuel ratio can be used, compression ignition and lean combustion modes are used, the compression ratio and the heat efficiency are greatly improved, and the emission of pollutant and harmful substances can be effectively reduced due to the use of an excessive air-fuel ratio and the compression ignition mode. The adjustable compression ratio range of the engine of the embodiment is 8-30, but because a compression ignition combustion mode and a lean combustion mode are used and a two-stage turbocharger is used, the actual compression ratio is only limited by the performance of the engine and actual adjustment results, if the performance of the engine can provide enough support, the compression ratio can even exceed 30, even if the constant-volume heating model with the compression ratio of 30 is calculated, the theoretical maximum thermal efficiency can reach 67 percent, and the actual maximum thermal efficiency can reach more than 50 percent, but because the operation of the engine is simultaneously limited by environmental protection standards, the maximum combustion temperature is limited, the actual power and the power can not be very high in the state of the maximum thermal efficiency. The prototype engine is a fixed compression ratio engine, when the prototype engine is operated under a low-power low-load working condition, the fuel quantity is reduced, the fuel quantity per cycle is also reduced, the air consumption is also reduced, but the space of a combustion chamber is not changed, so that the actual compression ratio is much smaller, and the thermal efficiency is relatively lower. The utility model discloses the case engine can adjust at any time and compress the ratio in order being fit for corresponding operating mode condition, when it moves under the low-power low-load operating mode, can use great air-fuel ratio, has improved the critical pressure of deflagration, can use bigger compression ratio, obtains higher thermal efficiency, so this case engine can all keep higher thermal efficiency under various operating modes, all has higher fuel efficiency under various operating modes. The engine of this example may also use various different grades of gasoline fuel.

Claims (7)

1. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, characterized by: the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is divided into two parts, the cylinder cover and the part above the cylinder body are upper body parts, the lower parts of the crankcase and the oil storage tank are lower body parts, a hinge is arranged at one side outside the cylinder body and outside the crankcase and connected, the cylinder body and the crankcase are connected by an arc rotatable sliding nested box body, the nested box body can rotatably slide by taking the hinge as an axis, two surfaces of the nested box body parallel to the axis of the hinge are arc curved surfaces, and the box body nesting between the cylinder body and the crankcase is sealed by an oil seal to prevent the leakage of engine oil; the other side of the cylinder body, which is hinged with the outside of the crankcase, is provided with a positioner, the positioner is a part which can adjust the rotation angle and the fixing position of the arc-shaped box body, the cylinder body and the crankcase can deflect around the hinge of the case by adjusting the positioner, and the cylinder body and the crankcase can rotate and slide through the arc-shaped nested box body to change the distance and the position between the cylinder body and the crankcase, and the positioner can be fixed at any point of the rotation and the sliding to fix the positions of the cylinder body and the crankcase; the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted by adjusting the distance and the position of the cylinder block and the crankcase.

2. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positioner is composed of a hydraulic connecting rod structure; the hydraulic connecting rod structure is characterized in that a hydraulic rod is fixed to one end of a connecting rod, a piston rod of the hydraulic rod points to the other end of the connecting rod, when the length of the hydraulic rod is increased, the distance between the end of the hydraulic rod and the other end of the connecting rod is shortened, otherwise, the distance between the end of the hydraulic rod and the end of the connecting rod is increased; the other ends of the hydraulic rod ends and the connecting rod are respectively connected with the cylinder body and the crankcase on the other side of the hinge of the hinged box body through hinges, and the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crankcase hinged arc nested box body can be controlled and adjusted by controlling and changing the length of the hydraulic connecting rod and the distance between the two hinged rod ends, so that the distance and the position between the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

3. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positioner is composed of a crank arm connecting rod structure; the crank arm connecting rod structure is characterized in that a crank arm is connected with a connecting rod through a hinge, a crank arm rotating shaft (20) is fixed to the other side of a machine body hinge (5) of a hinge box body of a crank case (10), the other end of a connecting rod (18) of the crank arm connecting rod structure is connected with the other side of the machine body hinge (5) of the hinge box body of a cylinder body (1) through a crank arm connecting rod end hinge (22), or the connection of the crank arm rotating shaft and the connecting rod is interchanged, the crank arm rotating shaft (20) is fixed to the other side of the machine body hinge (5) of the hinge box body of the cylinder body (1), and the other end of the connecting rod (18) of the crank arm connecting rod structure is connected with the other side of the machine; the crank arm pushes the connecting rod by adjusting the rotation angle of the crank arm, and the crank arm connecting rod can control and adjust the deflection angle and the rotation sliding of the cylinder body and the crank case hinged arc nested box body, thereby adjusting the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crank case and adjusting the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

4. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positioner is composed of a hinged double-connecting-rod structure; the hinged double-connecting-rod structure is characterized in that two connecting rods are hinged together through hinges, and the other ends of the two connecting rods are respectively hinged with the other side of a hinge of a hinged box body of a cylinder body and the other side of a hinge of a hinged box body of a crankcase, so that the two hinged connecting rods and a hinged machine body case form a triangular shape, the side length of the machine body case can be changed through the movement of the connecting rods, and the hinged angle of the machine body case can be changed; one end of the hydraulic rod structure or the screw rod structure is hinged to one of the double connecting rods, and the other end of the hydraulic rod structure or the screw rod structure is fixedly hinged to the upper machine body or the lower machine body; the double connecting rods can be pushed to move and change the positions of the double connecting rods by adjusting the length of the hydraulic rod or the screw rod, and the hinged angle of the cylinder body and the crankcase and the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the arc-shaped nested box body can be controlled and adjusted by the hinged double connecting rods, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted to adjust the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

5. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positioner is composed of a sliding connecting rod structure; the sliding connecting rod structure is characterized in that a sliding column (34) is fixed to the other side of a machine body hinge (5) of a hinged box body of a crankcase (10), a sliding sleeve (35) is arranged and can slide on the sliding column (34), one end of a connecting rod (33) of the sliding connecting rod structure is hinged or connected to the sliding sleeve (35) through a rotating shaft, the other end of the connecting rod (33) of the sliding connecting rod structure is hinged with the other side of the machine body hinge (5) of the hinged box body of a cylinder block (1), or the connection of the two is interchanged, the sliding column (34) is fixed to the other side of the machine body hinge (5) of the hinged box body of the cylinder block (1), and the other end of the connecting rod (33) of the sliding connecting rod structure is hinged with the; the connecting rod, the sliding column and the machine body case form a triangular shape, and the side length of the machine body case can be changed by sliding the sliding sleeve on the sliding column, so that the hinged angle of the machine body case can be changed; the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crankcase hinged arc nested box body can be controlled and adjusted by controlling and fixing the distance and the position of the sliding sleeve and the case, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

6. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positioner consists of a screw structure; the screw structure is composed of a cylindrical threaded connecting rod (40) with threads on the outer surface, the threaded connecting rod (40) is provided with a corresponding nut (42), and the distance between the end point of the threaded connecting rod (40) and the nut (42) can be adjusted by rotating the threaded connecting rod (40) or the nut (42); partially fixing a screw structure rotatable nut (42) to the other side of a body hinge (5) of a hinge box of a crank case (10), hinging the other end of a threaded connecting rod (40) with the other side of the body hinge (5) of the hinge box of a cylinder block (1), or interchanging the connection of the two, partially fixing the nut (42) to the other side of the body hinge (5) of the hinge box of the cylinder block (1), and hinging the other end of the threaded connecting rod (40) with the other side of the body hinge (5) of the hinge box of the crank case (10); the nut of the rotary screw structure is adjusted, and the screw structure can control and adjust the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crankcase hinged arc nested box body, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crankcase are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

7. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positioner is composed of a tooth connecting rod structure; the tooth connecting rod structure is that the connecting rod is a rectangular flat sheet-shaped connecting rod, one surface of the sheet-shaped connecting rod is provided with teeth to form a tooth connecting rod, the teeth can be matched with corresponding gears, and when the gears rotate on the teeth of the tooth connecting rod, the distance between the gears and the end points of the tooth connecting rod can be adjusted; fixing a tooth connecting rod structure rotatable gear (46) part to the other side of a body hinge (5) of a hinged box body of a crank case (10), hinging the other end of a tooth connecting rod (45) of the tooth connecting rod structure with the other side of the body hinge (5) of the hinged box body of a cylinder block (1) or interchanging the connection of the two, fixing a rotatable gear (46) part to the other side of the body hinge (5) of the hinged box body of the cylinder block (1), and hinging the other end of the tooth connecting rod (45) of the tooth connecting rod structure with the other side of the body hinge (5) of the hinged box body of the crank case (10); the gear of the tooth connecting rod structure is adjusted to rotate, and the tooth connecting rod structure can control and adjust the deflection angle and the rotary sliding of the cylinder body and the crank case hinged arc nested box body, so that the distance and the position of the cylinder body and the crank case are adjusted, and the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is adjusted; multiple positioners may be used simultaneously for control adjustments.

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