CN212518932U - Gamma pulse signal generator based on FPGA - Google Patents
Gamma pulse signal generator based on FPGA Download PDFInfo
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- CN212518932U CN212518932U CN202022287736.5U CN202022287736U CN212518932U CN 212518932 U CN212518932 U CN 212518932U CN 202022287736 U CN202022287736 U CN 202022287736U CN 212518932 U CN212518932 U CN 212518932U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a gamma pulse generator based on FPGA, include: box and main part module, main part module set up inside the box, and the main part module includes pulse waveform generator, pulse amplitude controller, pulse interval controller and DA converter, and wherein, pulse amplitude controller and pulse interval controller all link to each other with pulse waveform generator, and pulse waveform generator links to each other with the DA converter. The utility model discloses can realize the programming of gamma pulse signal's wave form, the programming of pulse amplitude and the regulation of count rate.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of pulse generator, more specifically the gamma pulse generator based on FPGA that says so relates to.
Background
In the application of nuclear radiation detection, a nuclear radiation detector detects nuclear radiation, outputs a series of discrete pulse signals with different amplitudes, inconsistent waveforms and non-uniform front and back interval density and time random distribution, and is processed and analyzed by an amplifier and a signal processing circuit. The waveform of a single discrete signal presents a unique waveform due to different radiation sources and different detectors; meanwhile, the amplitude distribution is obviously different due to different radiation sources and detectors, and the time distribution is changed according to the change of the radiation intensity.
Generally, when a debugging amplifier and a signal processing circuit are designed, a detector can be used for detecting a real pulse signal obtained by a radiation source, and a universal signal source can also be used for simulating the pulse signal. However, the operation of the radioactive source is relatively complex and dangerous, the radioactive source needs to be operated, auxiliary devices such as a detector, a corresponding high-voltage power supply and a preamplifier need to be placed, even low-temperature devices such as liquid nitrogen and the like need to be arranged, shielding facilities or devices need to be considered sometimes, and a plurality of components and parameters are connected and adjusted; the output of the universal signal source is relatively monotonous, triangular waves, sine wave square waves and the like are different from real radiation signals, and even if application equipment collects and grabs corresponding pulses, amplitude distribution and time distribution sequence pulse signals similar to a radioactive source cannot be obtained by using the output of the universal signal source.
Therefore, how to provide an FPGA-based γ pulse signal generator is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a gamma pulse signal generator based on FPGA can realize the programming of gamma pulse signal's wave form, the programming of pulse amplitude and the regulation of count rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
an FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator, comprising: the device comprises a box body and a main body module, wherein the main body module is arranged in the box body and comprises a pulse waveform generator, a pulse amplitude controller, a pulse interval controller and a DA converter, the pulse amplitude controller and the pulse interval controller are connected with the pulse waveform generator, and the pulse waveform generator is connected with the DA converter.
Preferably, the pulse waveform generator, the pulse amplitude controller and the pulse interval controller are all realized by an FPGA system.
Preferably, dividing the frequency of 50M clock 5 of FPEG to be used as a master clock, the frequency is 10M, and multiplying the time interval value by 10 to be used as a waveform starting interval counting value; when interval counting is started each time, the time sequence is controlled, a 12-bit 2-system numerical value of each sampling point of the waveform file is multiplied by a current amplitude control numerical value, 12 high bits are taken and sent to a corresponding 12-bit digital output port of the FPGA to be converted into an analog value by a DAC part, a complete pulse signal with controlled amplitude can be output in 20 main control clock periods, when the interval counting reaches the current time interval value, a new amplitude control value and a new time interval value are read, waveform output of the new pulse signal is carried out, and a pulse signal sequence is circulated and continuously output in sequence.
Preferably, the waveform generator provides a corresponding pulse signal waveform according to the stored digital waveform file, and the oscilloscope acquires a corresponding nuclear radiation pulse signal to form the digital waveform file.
Preferably, the pulse amplitude controller outputs corresponding amplitude values according to stored energy spectrum data, the energy spectrum data stores each pulse amplitude value forming a gamma energy spectrum, and photoelectric peaks of the gamma energy spectrum are in gaussian distribution.
Preferably, the pulse interval controller controls the time interval of the generation of the pulse signal according to the stored time interval array, and the time distribution of the gamma ray is a poisson distribution.
Preferably, the DA converter is implemented by a 12-bit 2R-R resistor network.
Preferably, a BNC female socket and a MicroUSB power socket are arranged at the top end of the box body, and a JTAG interface, a power switch and an operation indicator lamp are arranged on the front side of the box body.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:
the utility model discloses a accord with nuclear radiation detector output characteristic, wave form programmable, the energy spectrum programmable, the pulse signal sequence output that the count rate is adjustable, made things convenient for amplifier and signal processing circuit's debugging, inspection of isotope instrument etc..
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the box body of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the main body module of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a signal waveform diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the utility model provides a gamma pulse signal generator based on FPGA for the debugging of the amplifier and signal processing circuit of isotope gauge, etc. to the actual demand of nuclear radiation signal acquisition inconvenience in the current isotope gauge development and debugging process. The method comprises the following steps: the box 1 and main part module, the main part module sets up inside the box, and the main part module includes pulse waveform generator, pulse amplitude controller, pulse interval controller and DA converter, and wherein, pulse amplitude controller and pulse interval controller all link to each other with pulse waveform generator, and pulse waveform generator links to each other with the DA converter. The waveform generating part is controlled by the time interval controller to generate a single pulse waveform, the amplitude of each pulse is controlled by the pulse amplitude controller, and finally the digital waveform signal is converted into an analog pulse signal by the DA converter. The pulse waveform generator, the pulse amplitude controller and the pulse interval controller are all realized by an FPGA system. The FPGA is based on a hardware digital circuit, and is stable and reliable, rich in I/O ports, flexible in configuration and convenient to program.
Dividing the frequency of 50M clock 5 of the FPEG into a master control clock with the frequency of 10M, and multiplying a time interval numerical value by 10 to be used as a waveform starting interval counting value; when interval counting is started each time, the time sequence is controlled, a 12-bit 2-system numerical value of each sampling point of the waveform file is multiplied by a current amplitude control numerical value, 12 high bits are taken and sent to a corresponding 12-bit digital output port of the FPGA to be converted into an analog value by a DAC part, a complete pulse signal with controlled amplitude can be output in 20 main control clock periods, when the interval counting reaches the current time interval value, a new amplitude control value and a new time interval value are read, waveform output of the new pulse signal is carried out, and a pulse signal sequence is circulated and continuously output in sequence.
The scheme verifies that the number of the energy spectrum arrays and the number of the time distribution arrays are relatively prime in the experiment, and is used for simulating the randomness of the gamma-ray pulse. The material can be selected freely in practical application.
The waveform generator provides corresponding pulse signal waveforms according to the stored digital waveform file, the oscilloscope collects corresponding nuclear radiation pulse signals to form a digital waveform file, the nuclear detector pulse signal waveforms are different, the digital oscilloscope is used for collecting the corresponding pulse signals and processing the pulse signals to obtain a corresponding waveform digital file for the signal generator to use, and the original signal waveforms can be restored to the maximum extent. The utility model discloses gather the gamma ray pulse signal of the NaI (Tl) scintillator + photomultiplier detector output commonly used in the verification, adopt 20 points to sample, and the 12 bit 2 system bit depth unanimous with the DA conversion. The waveform is shown in FIG. 3, with a rising edge of about 0.4 μ s and a pulse width of about 2 μ s.
The pulse amplitude controller outputs corresponding amplitude values according to stored energy spectrum data, the energy spectrum data stores each pulse amplitude value forming a gamma energy spectrum, and photoelectric peaks of the gamma energy spectrum are in Gaussian distribution. The corresponding arrays can be generated by adopting MATLAB or Excel and other tools, 6500 of Numpy module generation quantity in Python is adopted during verification, the peak value is at the position of 0.7 of full width, 0.05 is delta, the arrays are generated randomly, specific values at each time are slightly different, and the maximum value 0.9393 and the minimum value 0.5698 of the arrays at this time are obtained. And 1500 arrays of 0-0.5 full uniform distribution and 0.5-0.55 full decreasing distribution are added to simulate the Compton electron continuum. After the two arrays are combined, the disorder command is used to simulate the randomness of the pulse amplitude of the gamma ray, and the total number of the pulse amplitudes is 8000. The resulting array is also programmed as a full 12-bit 2-ary number.
The energy distribution of nuclear radiation is typically a normal distribution:
wherein: μ is the central value, δ is the standard deviation, and its curve f (x) is a bell-shaped curve symmetric about x ═ μ and having a width determined by δ. A power spectrum array is generated by a Python Numpy module, such as peak position at a, FWHM ═ b, and generation commands for normal distribution arrays of number 5000 are np. Multiple energy peaks may also be superimposed. If the energy spectrum data collected by the multi-channel analyzer is imported, the signal output sequence of the nuclear radiation detector can be simulated more truly.
The pulse interval controller controls the time interval of the generation of the pulse signal according to the stored time interval array, and the time distribution of the gamma rays is Poisson distribution. The utility model discloses generate quantity 359, mean value 25's poisson array equally by Python, the time distribution of simulation gamma ray 40K count. This time, the maximum value 40, the minimum value 14, the average 25.2, the unit is microsecond, and the actual count rate is 39.7K (not the accurate 40K because the generation of the array is random, there is a difference each time).
The temporal distribution of nuclear radiation is the poisson distribution:
the parameter λ of the poisson distribution is the average occurrence number of random events per unit time (or unit area), k is 0,1,2 … … poisson distribution P (λ) describes the occurrence number of random events per unit time, and both the expectation and the variance of the poisson distribution are λ. The Python null module generates a time interval array, the command for generating the time interval array in Python is random. Like the time interval array generating the 40k count rate, the command is random.
The utility model discloses power supply unit adopts the 5V power supplies of standard MicroUSB interface.
The DA converter is implemented by a 12-bit 2R-R resistor network. And distributing output signals I/O in a Quartus platform, outputting final 12-bit waveform data to 12 same-group pins of the FPGA, directly connecting a resistance network, adding a level of follow-up output and a voltage-dividing potentiometer to realize output amplitude adjustment, and simulating output signals of a detector. In the design, the same group of pins are selected to be connected with a resistor network so as to ensure the power supply precision, and resistors with consistent resistance values are selected to meet the precision requirement of 12-bit DA conversion.
In the verification experiment of the scheme, the gamma pulse signal generator can provide a random negative pulse signal sequence with uneven amplitude and uneven interval density, accords with the amplitude characteristic and the time characteristic of the gamma pulse signal output by the scintillator detector, and can be used for debugging, detecting and data processing of subsequent circuits of the detector. Corresponding to the experimental data, the obvious photoelectric peak and Compton electronic continuous spectrum can be obtained by utilizing the detection of the multi-channel analyzer, and the simulation effect of the experimental signal generator is good.
The utility model discloses 1 top of box is provided with the female seat of BNC 2 and MicroUSB supply socket 3, and the front of box 1 is provided with JTAG interface 4, switch 5 and operation pilot lamp 6.
The utility model discloses form in the full digital processing mode and accord with nuclear detector signal pulse signal waveform, accord with the discrete pulse signal sequence of nuclear detector signal amplitude distribution, time distribution characteristic to realized that the pulse signal sequence that accords with nuclear radiation detector output characteristic, waveform programmable, energy spectrum programmable, count rate adjustable exports, made things convenient for the debugging, the inspection of amplifier and the signal processing circuit of isotope instrument etc..
The utility model discloses it is able to programme to possess the waveform, and pulse amplitude (promptly the energy spectrum) is able to programme, characteristics that the count rate is adjustable. Modifying the waveform file may change the waveform of the pulse or reacquire the corresponding signal waveform as needed. Modifying the time interval array may adjust the count rate. The energy spectrum array can also be flexibly set according to actual requirements, after the array is determined, the number of pulses larger than a certain threshold value or in a certain interval can be counted, and by combining the counting rate, great convenience is brought to debugging and inspection of subsequent signal amplification, signal processing and other parts of a detector of the nuclear radiation detection equipment.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator, comprising: the device comprises a box body and a main body module, wherein the main body module is arranged in the box body and comprises a pulse waveform generator, a pulse amplitude controller, a pulse interval controller and a DA converter, the pulse amplitude controller and the pulse interval controller are connected with the pulse waveform generator, and the pulse waveform generator is connected with the DA converter.
2. An FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator as recited in claim 1, wherein said pulse shape generator, said pulse amplitude controller and said pulse interval controller are implemented by an FPGA system.
3. The FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator of claim 2, wherein a frequency division of 5 from 50M clock of FPEG is used as a master clock with a frequency of 10M, and a time interval value multiplied by 10 is used as a waveform start interval count value; when interval counting is started each time, the time sequence is controlled, a 12-bit 2-system numerical value of each sampling point of the waveform file is multiplied by a current amplitude control numerical value, 12 high bits are taken and sent to a corresponding 12-bit digital output port of the FPGA to be converted into an analog value by a DAC part, a complete pulse signal with controlled amplitude can be output in 20 main control clock periods, when the interval counting reaches the current time interval value, a new amplitude control value and a new time interval value are read, waveform output of the new pulse signal is carried out, and a pulse signal sequence is circulated and continuously output in sequence.
4. The FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator of claim 1, wherein the waveform generator provides a corresponding pulse signal waveform according to the stored digital waveform file, and the oscilloscope collects the corresponding nuclear radiation pulse signal to form the digital waveform file.
5. The FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator of claim 1, wherein said pulse amplitude controller outputs corresponding amplitude values according to stored energy spectrum data, said energy spectrum data storing respective pulse amplitude values constituting a gamma energy spectrum, photoelectric peaks of said gamma energy spectrum having a gaussian distribution.
6. The FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator of claim 1, wherein said pulse interval controller controls the time interval of pulse signal generation according to the stored time interval array, and the time distribution of gamma rays is poisson distribution.
7. An FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator according to claim 1, wherein said DA converter is implemented by a 12-bit 2R-R resistor network.
8. The FPGA-based gamma pulse signal generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top of the box body is provided with a BNC female socket and a MicroUSB power socket, and the front of the box body is provided with a JTAG interface, a power switch and an operation indicator light.
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| CN112187219A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-05 | 黑龙江省科学院技术物理研究所 | Gamma pulse signal generator based on FPGA |
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