CN212461841U - Safe explosion-proof structure and power battery - Google Patents

Safe explosion-proof structure and power battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN212461841U
CN212461841U CN202021246687.4U CN202021246687U CN212461841U CN 212461841 U CN212461841 U CN 212461841U CN 202021246687 U CN202021246687 U CN 202021246687U CN 212461841 U CN212461841 U CN 212461841U
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China
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explosion
pressure reducing
pressure
air
proof
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CN202021246687.4U
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张国帅
朱金保
于哲勋
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Jiangsu Zenio New Energy Battery Technologies Co Ltd
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Dongguan Tafel New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Jiangsu Tafel New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Tafel New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The application provides a safe explosion-proof structure and power battery, safe explosion-proof structure includes: the battery cover plate is provided with an explosion-proof valve; the insulating partition plate is provided with a through hole; the pressure reducing structure is used for reducing the air flow pressure when the explosion-proof valve is opened, an auxiliary cavity is formed among the pressure reducing structure, the insulating partition plate and the explosion-proof valve, the pressure reducing structure is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with each other, the air inlet is communicated with the main cavity in the battery through a through hole, and the air outlet is communicated with the auxiliary cavity. The annular pressure reducing valve with the special microstructure is introduced, gas of a traditional explosion-proof valve is directly discharged in a high-pressure-atmospheric pressure mode to be changed into a high-pressure-multi-stage medium-pressure-atmospheric pressure mode, so that most of instantaneous energy of the explosion valve is borne by gas self consumption and mechanical parts, the impact on an active core body part with more active chemical properties is reduced, the physical impact on external physical connection and corresponding elements is also reduced, and the effect of improving the safety performance is achieved.

Description

Safe explosion-proof structure and power battery
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of power battery is explosion-proof, especially, relate to a safe explosion-proof structure and power battery.
Background
After the lithium ion battery is sealed, an explosion-proof valve is usually reserved on a top cover or a side wall and the like, so that the external isolation effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the safety accident caused by overhigh internal pressure can be prevented.
In order to realize the function of the explosion-proof valve, the existing explosion-proof valve is mostly made of a metal film material, and the metal film material explodes to discharge gas after reaching a set critical pressure, so that the safety protection function of a certain degree is realized. However, the explosion-proof valve has the following disadvantages in practical use:
in order to compromise security performance and electric core long-life demand, the critical pressure that current explosion-proof valve set up is higher (be 4 ~ 10 times atmospheric pressure usually), and valve and electric core inner chamber main part are direct to communicate each other, and the metallic film both sides pressure difference is too huge in the twinkling of an eye opening, leads to gaseous explosion velocity too fast, arouses some secondary safety risks easily:
1) inside the electric core: because the valve opening directly links to each other with electric core inner chamber main part, the atmospheric pressure difference of valve mouth can transmit fast and act on inside electric core, and the phenomenon such as tremble, displacement, active material spray appear because of receiving the extremely fast air current influence of exploding of spouting in the electric core easily, and these phenomena not only influence the integrality of inner structure, stability, influence follow-up further research and analysis, also can increase local short circuit risk in the electric core, cause more serious incident even.
2) The battery core is external: when a single electric core fails and an explosion-proof valve is opened, the electric core can vibrate due to strong reaction force of high-speed jet airflow, so that not only can the mechanical connection stability of an adjacent area cause high-voltage line risk, but also huge impact can be caused on the low-voltage line or the sensor, the instantaneity, stability and accuracy of data information and instruction transmission are influenced, and the control reliability of the system is reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a safe explosion-proof structure and power battery, this safe explosion-proof structure can effectively prevent to open the twinkling of an eye because of the explosion-proof valve, and the too big gaseous of causing of inside and outside pressure differential spouts and explodes too violent phenomenon to avoid causing too big physical shock in the battery core, outside, avoid causing subsequent secondary safety accident.
To achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
in a first aspect, the utility model provides a safe explosion-proof structure, include:
the battery cover plate is provided with an explosion-proof valve;
the insulating partition plate is fixedly connected with the battery cover plate, and a through hole is formed in the insulating partition plate;
the pressure reducing structure is arranged between the battery cover plate and the insulating partition plate, an auxiliary cavity is formed among the pressure reducing structure, the insulating partition plate and the explosion-proof valve, the pressure reducing structure is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with each other, the air inlet is communicated with a main cavity in the battery through the through hole, and the air outlet is communicated with the auxiliary cavity.
Optionally, the pressure reducing structure further comprises a pressure reducing channel, and the air inlet and the air outlet are communicated through the pressure reducing channel.
Optionally, a pressure reducing assembly is arranged in the pressure reducing channel, and the pressure reducing assembly includes:
the flow dividing block is used for dividing the air flow into at least two air flows;
and the backflow block is used for changing the direction of any one of the airflows, and the airflow with the changed direction has a component reverse to other airflows.
Optionally, the diverter block is prismatic, triangular, conical or drop-shaped, and the return block is prismatic, triangular, conical or drop-shaped.
Optionally, the pressure reducing structure is a pressure reducing valve, the outer peripheral wall of the pressure reducing valve is provided with two air inlets, the inner peripheral wall of the pressure reducing valve is provided with two air outlets, and the insulating partition plate is provided with two through holes;
the two air inlets are respectively communicated with the main cavity in the battery through one through hole, and the two air outlets are communicated with the auxiliary cavity.
Optionally, the pressure reduction channel is circular, square or prismatic in shape.
Optionally, the pressure reduction channel includes a first semicircular channel and a second semicircular channel, and the first semicircular channel and the second semicircular channel form a circle;
the first semicircular channel is provided with the air inlet and the air outlet, and the second semicircular channel is provided with the air inlet and the air outlet.
Optionally, the first semicircular channel includes two or more first semicircular pipelines connected in series, and the second semicircular channel includes two or more second semicircular pipelines connected in series.
Optionally, the insulating separator and the battery cover plate are riveted through a riveting hole.
In a second aspect, the utility model also provides a power battery, include as above the safe explosion-proof structure.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model provides a following beneficial effect has:
the embodiment of the utility model provides a pair of safe explosion-proof construction and power battery, when the pressure of main cavity was too high in the battery, the explosion-proof valve was opened (breaks promptly), and the explosion-proof valve and external atmosphere intercommunication that vice cavity was opened, atmospheric pressure in the vice cavity dropped to 1 atmospheric pressure rapidly, and main cavity still is in high-pressure state in the battery. At this moment, the high-pressure gas of main cavity in the battery can only loop through the pressure reduction structure, discharge again after the vice cavity in the atmosphere, utilize the self characteristic of pressure reduction structure in this exhaust process for its air inlet has apparent difference with gas outlet gas pressure, thereby realize that control reduces high-pressure gas and lets out the speed purpose, avoided traditional explosion-proof valve to open the too big phenomenon too violently of gas blowout that causes of the too big difference of inside and outside pressure in the twinkling of an eye, reduce to the battery, outside physical shock, avoid causing subsequent secondary safety accident.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
The structure, ratio, size and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the content disclosed in the specification, so as to be known and read by people familiar with the technology, and are not used for limiting the limit conditions which can be implemented by the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essential significance, and any structure modification, ratio relationship change or size adjustment should still fall within the range which can be covered by the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a top view of a safety explosion-proof structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of the safety explosion-proof structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention in the front view direction;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure reducing valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a voltage reducing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
the battery comprises a battery cover plate 10, a first pole post 20, a second pole post 30, a liquid injection hole 40, an insulating partition plate 50, an explosion-proof valve 60, an auxiliary cavity 70 and a main cavity 80 in the battery;
rivet hole 501, pressure reduction structure 502, air inlet 5021, gas outlet 5022, pressure reduction channel 5023, pressure reduction assembly 5024, flow splitting block 5024A, backflow block 5024B, through hole 503 and metal film 601.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a safety explosion-proof structure, which includes a battery cover plate 10 for sealing a power battery.
In this embodiment, the battery cover 10 is a metal cover, and is provided with a first pole post 20, a second pole post 30, a liquid injection hole 40 and an explosion-proof valve 60. The first electrode post 20 is a cathode electrode post, and the second electrode post 30 is an anode electrode post.
An insulating separator 50 is also provided under the battery cover plate 10, and the insulating separator 50 may be selected as an injection-molded product. The insulating separator 50 is fixedly coupled to the battery cover plate 10 through the rivet hole 501.
A pressure reducing structure 502 is further provided on the insulating partition 50, and a sub-chamber 70 is formed between the pressure reducing structure 502, the insulating partition 50 and the explosion-proof valve 60 (or the battery cover plate 10).
Specifically, the voltage reduction structure 502 is provided with an air inlet 5021 and an air outlet 5022, the air outlet 5022 is communicated with the auxiliary cavity 70, and the air inlet 5021 is communicated with the main cavity 80 in the battery through a through hole 503 on the insulating partition plate 50.
The pressure reducing structure 502 is used for reducing the airflow pressure when the explosion-proof valve 60 is opened, that is, when the pressure of the main cavity 80 in the battery is too high, the metal film 601 on the explosion-proof valve 60 is broken, so that the explosion-proof valve 60 is opened, and after the high-pressure gas of the main cavity 80 in the battery flows through the pressure reducing structure 502, the high-pressure gas is exhausted to the outside atmosphere through the auxiliary cavity 70 and the broken metal film 601, thereby realizing the explosion-proof function. Due to the effect of the pressure reducing structure 502, the gas pressure of the gas outlet 5022 is obviously lower than the pressure of the gas inlet 5021, so that the leakage speed of high-pressure gas is controlled, the phenomenon that the gas explosion is too violent due to overlarge pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the battery at the moment of opening the explosion-proof valve 60 is avoided, the physical impact on the inside and the outside of the battery is reduced, and the subsequent secondary safety accidents are avoided.
It should be noted that the pressure reducing structure 502 mainly plays a role in reducing the pressure of the gas flow and delaying the explosion velocity of the high-pressure gas. Therefore, there is no limitation on the specific structure of the depressurization structure 502 as long as it can communicate the main chamber 80 and the sub-chamber 70 in the battery and depressurize the air flow.
It should be noted that the battery cover plate 10 may be pre-etched with a "recess" for receiving the pressure-reducing structure 502. The insulating partition plate 50 can be etched in advance in a protruding mode, and the protruding portion is the voltage reduction structure 502, so that the battery cover plate 10 and the insulating partition plate 50 can be effectively combined with the male and female surfaces (concave and protruding), excessive space is not occupied, besides the safety effect, the weight of a part of mechanical parts can be reduced, and the effect of indirectly improving the energy density of the battery cell is achieved.
Referring to FIG. 3, in another embodiment of the present application, a preferred implementation of a buck structure 502 is disclosed.
This pressure reduction structure 502 is the pressure reduction valve, and the pressure reduction valve is equipped with step-down passageway 5023, and step-down passageway 5023 supplies high-pressure gas to pass through and realizes stepping down to the gas that flows through.
Further, the voltage reduction channel 5023 in this embodiment includes two semicircular channels, which are a first semicircular channel and a second semicircular channel respectively, and the first semicircular channel and the second semicircular channel form a circular voltage reduction channel 5023.
The first semicircular channel is provided with an air inlet 5021 and an air outlet 5022, and the second semicircular channel is provided with an air inlet 5021 and an air outlet 5022.
Therefore, as can be seen from fig. 3, the hollow cavity of the pressure reducing valve is the sub-cavity 70.
In order to enhance the effect of the pressure reducing valve to reduce the pressure of the gas, it may be implemented by extending the path of the pressure reducing passage 5023. In this embodiment, the first semicircular channel includes two first semicircular ducts connected in series to extend the path of the gas through the first semicircular channel. The second semicircular channel comprises two second semicircular pipelines which are mutually connected in series so as to prolong the path of gas passing through the second semicircular channel.
After the first semicircular channel and the second semicircular channel are combined, the pressure reduction channel 5023 is integrally in a circular ring shape.
It should be noted that the pressure reducing channel 5023 can also be square or prismatic in shape. For example, the pressure reducing channel 5023 comprises two L-shaped channels, and the two L-shaped channels form a square shape or a prismatic shape.
In another embodiment of the present application, in order to further enhance the pressure reducing effect of the pressure reducing valve, pressure reducing assemblies 5024 are respectively provided in the first semicircular pipeline and the second semicircular pipeline.
Specifically, the voltage reducing assembly 5024 comprises:
the diverter block 5024A is used for diverting the airflow into a first airflow and a second airflow;
and the backflow block 5024B is used for changing the direction of the first airflow, and the first airflow after changing the direction has a component reverse to that of the second airflow.
Referring to fig. 4, the air flow (from the air inlet 5021) is divided into a first air flow and a second air flow by a splitter block 5024A. Specifically, in the two dashed arrows on the left side in fig. 4, the upper dashed arrow indicates the flow direction of the first air flow, and the lower dashed arrow indicates the flow direction of the second air flow.
When the first air flows to the backflow block 5024B, the flow direction changes to the right dashed arrow in fig. 4. Since the redirected first air flow has a component opposite to the second air flow, the first air flow can completely or partially cancel the second air flow, and then the two air flows are merged again and continue to flow toward the air outlet 5022, and the direction of the merged air flow is shown by the solid arrow at the right in fig. 4. By the pressure reducing assembly 5024, the pressure of the gas flow can be significantly reduced, so that the pressure of the gas flowing through the pressure reducing assembly 5024 is significantly less than the pressure of the gas not flowing through the pressure reducing assembly 5024.
Further, the pressure of the gas stream may be further reduced by providing a plurality of pressure reducing assemblies 5024.
It should be noted that the shapes of the shunting block 5024A and the backflow block 5024B are not limited in this embodiment. Diverter block 5024A functions primarily to divert the airflow into at least two airflows. The function of the backflow block 5024B is mainly to change the direction of any one of the airflows, so that the airflow with the changed direction has a component in the reverse direction of the other airflows, partial or total mutual cancellation is realized, and the airflow pressure is further reduced.
Therefore, the diverter block 5024A may be shaped as a prism, a triangle, a cone or a drop, and the return block 5024B may be shaped as a prism, a triangle, a cone or a drop.
In the safety explosion-proof structure provided by the embodiment, when the explosion-proof valve 60 is opened, the pressure of the gas outlet 5022 (namely the pressure at the auxiliary cavity) is far smaller than the pressure of the main cavity 80 in the battery, the gas leakage speed can be obviously reduced, the severe gas spray explosion is avoided, and the reaction force of the corresponding spray explosion gas flow borne by the whole ground electric core is reduced, so that the stability of a high-voltage circuit, a low-voltage circuit and a sensor outside the battery is ensured, and the safety explosion-proof structure has positive significance for the control of the whole system. Inside the anti-observation electric core, through reducing the air current speed of leaking, the extension time of leaking, the physical impact strength to electric core has been reduced by a wide margin on the whole, consider simultaneously that inside active core is transversely and vertically going up the structural difference along the pole piece coiling, this safe explosion-proof structure makes the inside air current direction of electric core from traditional direct vertical "I" type air current that makes progress, become earlier the level again vertical "T" type air current, weakened the impact of coiling the vertical (mechanical stability is relatively poor) of core along the active core, be favorable to keeping the stable in structure of active core.
In another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a power battery, which includes the safety explosion-proof structure as described above, specifically a lithium ion power battery.
To sum up, the safe explosion-proof structure and the power battery provided by the application introduce the annular pressure reducing valve with a special microstructure, directly discharge the gas of the traditional explosion-proof valve through high pressure-atmospheric pressure into a high pressure-multistage medium pressure-atmospheric pressure mode, so that most of the instantaneous energy of the explosion valve is born through gas self consumption and mechanical parts (pressure reducing channels), the impact on the active core body part with more active chemical properties is reduced, the physical impact on external physical connection and corresponding elements is also reduced, and the effect of improving the safety performance is achieved.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.

Claims (10)

1. A safety vent structure, comprising:
the battery cover plate is provided with an explosion-proof valve;
the insulating partition plate is fixedly connected with the battery cover plate, and a through hole is formed in the insulating partition plate;
the pressure reducing structure is arranged between the battery cover plate and the insulating partition plate, an auxiliary cavity is formed among the pressure reducing structure, the insulating partition plate and the explosion-proof valve, the pressure reducing structure is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with each other, the air inlet is communicated with a main cavity in the battery through the through hole, and the air outlet is communicated with the auxiliary cavity.
2. The safety vent structure of claim 1, wherein the pressure reducing structure further comprises a pressure reducing passage through which the gas inlet and the gas outlet communicate.
3. The safety vent structure of claim 2, wherein a pressure reducing assembly is disposed in the pressure reducing passage, the pressure reducing assembly comprising:
the flow dividing block is used for dividing the air flow into at least two air flows;
and the backflow block is used for changing the direction of any one of the airflows, and the airflow with the changed direction has a component reverse to other airflows.
4. The safety explosion-proof structure of claim 3, wherein the diverter block is shaped like a prism, a triangle, a cone or a drop, and the return block is shaped like a prism, a triangle, a cone or a drop.
5. The safety explosion-proof structure according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the pressure reducing structure is a pressure reducing valve, the outer peripheral wall of the pressure reducing valve is provided with two air inlets, the inner peripheral wall of the pressure reducing valve is provided with two air outlets, and the insulating partition plate is provided with two through holes;
the two air inlets are respectively communicated with the main cavity in the battery through one through hole, and the two air outlets are communicated with the auxiliary cavity.
6. The safety vent structure according to claim 5, wherein the pressure-reducing passage is circular, square or prismatic in shape.
7. The safety vent structure according to claim 5, wherein the pressure-reducing passage comprises a first semicircular passage and a second semicircular passage, and the first semicircular passage and the second semicircular passage form a circle;
the first semicircular channel is provided with the air inlet and the air outlet, and the second semicircular channel is provided with the air inlet and the air outlet.
8. The safety vent structure of claim 7, wherein the first semicircular channel comprises two or more first semicircular pipes connected in series with each other, and the second semicircular channel comprises two or more second semicircular pipes connected in series with each other.
9. The safety explosion prevention structure of claim 5, wherein the insulating separator is riveted with the battery cap plate through a riveting hole.
10. A power battery characterized by comprising the safety explosion-proof structure as recited in any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202021246687.4U 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 Safe explosion-proof structure and power battery Active CN212461841U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202021246687.4U CN212461841U (en) 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 Safe explosion-proof structure and power battery

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113984299A (en) * 2021-09-22 2022-01-28 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 Detection method for preventing battery from opening valve failure, battery and storage medium

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113984299A (en) * 2021-09-22 2022-01-28 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 Detection method for preventing battery from opening valve failure, battery and storage medium

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Effective date of registration: 20220119

Address after: 215500 room 808, No. 1, Southeast Avenue, Changshu high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu

Patentee after: Jiangsu Zhengli new energy battery technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 523795 No.9 Jiayuan Road, Xiangshan Industrial Park, songmushan village, Dalang Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province

Patentee before: DONGGUAN TAFEL NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Patentee before: JIANGSU TAFEL NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Patentee before: SHENZHEN TAFEL NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

TR01 Transfer of patent right