CN212433933U - Voltage induction type alarm device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a voltage induction type alarm device, which comprises a probe, a voltage amplifier, a control unit and an alarm device, wherein the probe is used for inducing the electric field intensity of leakage voltage, one end of the probe is connected to the input end of the control unit through the voltage amplifier, and the control unit triggers the alarm device to give out an alarm according to the output voltage of the voltage amplifier. The voltage induction type alarm device adopts voltage induction type detection, does not need physical contact, has simple structure and less parts, can greatly reduce the cost compared with a current mutual inductance detection scheme, is provided with the alarm device, and can ensure that the voltage induction type alarm device can send out an alarm to remind a user of immediately withdrawing from a dangerous area under extreme conditions such as abnormal working of an external controller due to electric leakage.

Description

Voltage induction type alarm device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of electric leakage detection, in particular to a voltage induction type alarm device.

Background

The existing leakage detection is usually implemented by depending on a current transformer, when the current transformer is used, the current transformer is sleeved on a circuit or a pipeline, the electromagnetic induction principle is utilized to detect whether current flows through the current transformer, a signal is sent to a controller when the current flows through the current transformer, and the controller implements corresponding protection measures.

In addition, the current mutual inductance detection scheme is realized by relying on an inductance coil because the current is detected, so that the cost is high, and the cost control is also not superior.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides the voltage induction type alarm device with simple structure and low cost to solve or partially solve the defects of the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the probe is used for sensing the electric field intensity of leakage voltage, one end of the probe is connected to the input end of the control unit through the voltage amplifier, and the control unit triggers the warning device to give out a warning according to the output voltage of the voltage amplifier.

As an embodiment, the control unit is embodied as a not gate DA.

And further, the voltage induction type alarm device comprises a power switch S and a power supply GB, and the power supply GB independently supplies power to the voltage induction type alarm device under the on-off control of the power switch S.

Further, the warning device comprises a multivibrator and a buzzer HA, the NOT gate DA comprises a NOT gate D3, the input end of the NOT gate D3 is used as the input end of the control unit, and the output end of the NOT gate D3 is connected to the ground after sequentially passing through the multivibrator, the buzzer HA, the power switch S and the power supply GB.

Further, the multivibrator is provided with a not gate D5, a not gate D6, a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and a capacitor C2, wherein the output end of the not gate D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode VD, the anode of the diode VD is sequentially connected in series with a not gate D5 and a not gate D6 to the buzzer HA, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the input end of a not gate D5, one end of the resistor R6 is connected with the input end of a not gate D6, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the output end of a not gate D6, and the other ends of the resistor R5, the resistor R6 and the capacitor C2 are connected together.

Further, the voltage sensing type alarm device is provided with an LED indicating circuit, the LED indicating circuit is provided with a transistor V, a light emitting diode VLl and a resistor R4, the NOT gate DA comprises a NOT gate D4, the input end of the NOT gate D4 serves as the input end of the control unit, the output end of the NOT gate D4 is connected to the base electrode of the transistor V, the collector electrode of the transistor V is connected with the cathode of the light emitting diode VLl, and the anode of the light emitting diode VLl is connected to the connection point between the buzzer HA and the power switch S through the resistor R4.

Further, the LED indicating circuit further HAs a light emitting diode VL2 and a resistor R7, and a connection point between the buzzer HA and the power switch S is connected to the ground through the resistor R7 and the light emitting diode VL 2.

Further, the voltage amplifier comprises an inverter Dl, an inverter D2, a resistor Rl, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor Cl and a resistor RP, one end of the probe is connected with the inverter Dl and the inverter D2 in series in sequence and then connected to the control unit, the end of the probe is also connected with the resistor Rl, the capacitor Cl and the ground in series in sequence, a joint between the inverter Dl and the inverter D2 is connected with the resistor R3 and the resistor RP and the ground in series in sequence, and the resistor R2 is connected between the resistors Rl and R3 in a bridging mode.

Further, the resistor RP is a potentiometer.

Further, the input end and/or the output end of the NOT gate DA is used as the output end of the voltage induction type alarm device to be connected with an external controller.

As another embodiment, the control unit is specifically a single chip microcomputer.

The voltage induction type alarm device adopts voltage induction type detection, does not need physical contact, has simple structure and less parts, can greatly reduce the cost compared with a current mutual inductance detection scheme, is provided with the alarm device, and can ensure that the voltage induction type alarm device can send out an alarm to remind a user of immediately withdrawing from a dangerous area under extreme conditions such as abnormal working of an external controller due to electric leakage.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout the drawings.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a front view of an electric water heater of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the electric water heater of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom view of the electric water heater of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2;

fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of the voltage-sensitive alarm device according to the invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a water storage tank 8 is arranged in a housing 1 of the electric water heater, a heating tube 7 is horizontally arranged in the water storage tank 8, a water inlet 3, a water outlet 4 and a sewage draining interface 9 which are respectively communicated with the water storage tank 8 through pipelines are arranged at the bottom of the housing 1, wherein a sewage draining interface plug 10 is detachably mounted on the sewage draining interface 9 and used for sealing the sewage draining interface 9 when sewage draining is not needed.

In the above, the juncture of the water inlet 3, the water outlet 4, the sewage draining interface 9 and the shell is provided with an interface decorating cover. Referring to fig. 4, the decorative cover at the water inlet 3 is divided into two parts, one part is a base 12, the other part is a cover body 13, the base 12 is an annular clamping groove with a concave middle part, an inner ring opening of the annular clamping groove is matched with the water inlet 3, and an outer ring of the annular clamping groove is clamped with the shell 1 to realize fixation. The cover 13 is screwed to the base 12 and covers the central recess of the base 12, thereby forming a closed chamber.

The electric water heater is provided with a voltage induction type alarm device 5 for detecting a leakage signal based on voltage induction, and the voltage induction type alarm device 5 is concealed in the closed cavity and is connected with the controller 2 in the figure 1 through an electric wire. Because the voltage induction type alarm device 5 is arranged at the junction of the water inlet 3 and the shell 1, the voltage induction type alarm device can simultaneously induce leakage signals of the water inlet 3, the shell 1, the inner container and the inner wire, and can induce the electrified condition of the shell 1 caused by external leakage such as water pump leakage, ground wire leakage and the like, thereby realizing the 360-degree leakage monitoring of the electric water heater.

When the voltage induction type alarm device 5 detects that the leakage voltage is larger than 12V, the voltage induction type alarm device 5 sends an alarm signal to the controller 2, and the controller 2 is triggered to control the power panel 11 to cut off the main power supply of the electric water heater so as to carry out leakage protection.

Specifically, the voltage sensing alarm device 5 is composed of the circuit shown in fig. 5, wherein the probe is used for sensing an electric field signal, when the probe is connected, one end of the probe is sequentially connected in series with the not gate Dl and the D2, meanwhile, the end of the probe is sequentially connected in series with the resistor Rl, the capacitor Cl and the ground, a junction between the not gate Dl and the D2 is sequentially connected in series with the resistor R3 and the potentiometer RP and the ground, a resistor R2 is connected between the resistor Rl and the R3 in a bridging manner, and the not gate Dl, the D2, the resistor Rl-R3, the potentiometer RP and the capacitor Cl form a voltage amplifier for amplifying the voltage sensed by the probe.

After voltage amplification, the voltage is respectively sent to NOT gates D3 and D4 in two paths, and the NOT gates D3 and D4 play a role in signal control in the circuit.

Then, the output end of the not gate D3 is connected to the cathode of the diode VD, the anode of the diode VD is connected in series with the not gate D5, D6, the buzzer HA, the power switch S and the battery slice GB in sequence and then connected to the ground, one end of the resistor R5 is connected to the input end of the not gate D5, one end of the resistor R6 is connected to the input end of the not gate D6, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the output end of the not gate D6, and the other ends of the resistor R5, the resistor R6 and the capacitor C2 are connected together in common, so that the not gate D5, the resistor D6, the resistors R5, R6 and the capacitor C2 form a multivibrator for giving an oscillation signal to drive the.

In addition, the output end of the not gate D4 is connected to the base of the transistor V, the collector of the transistor V is connected to the cathode of the light emitting diode VLl, the anode of the light emitting diode VLl is connected to the junction between the buzzer HA and the power switch S through the resistor R4, the junction is also connected to the ground through the resistor R7 and the light emitting diode VL2, and the transistor V, the resistors R4 and R7 and the light emitting diodes VLl and VL2 form an LED indicating circuit to realize light warning.

The amplification factor of the voltage amplifier is set through experiments by using the circuit, when the external leakage reaches 12V, the induced voltage of the probe just drives the output ends of D3 and D4 to generate level jump, and then:

after the power switch S is switched on, the power indication light emitting diode VL2 is lightened, both D3 and D4 output low level, HA does not sound, and VLl does not light.

When the earth is poor, the earth wire is electrified, the external electric leakage exists, the internal wire is aged and damaged or the installation is not proper, the electric leakage is larger than or equal to 12V, the probe can sense a weak electric field signal, the signal is properly amplified and shaped by the voltage amplifier, the output ends of D3 and D4 are just changed into high levels, further, the high level output by D3 enables the diode VD to be cut off, the multivibrator oscillates to work, the buzzer HA gives out warning sound, the high level output by D4 enables V to be switched on, VLl emits light and indicates the electric leakage.

For the circuit, the sensitivity of the acousto-optic warning can be changed by adjusting the resistance value of the RP.

In addition, changing the resistance of R6 or changing the capacitance of C2 changes the oscillation frequency of the multivibrator, and thus the pitch of the HA sounding.

Here, it should be noted that:

(1) the voltage induction type alarm device 5 adopts independent power supply, and aims to get rid of the influence of power supply of the electric water heater, avoid the influence of power serial to the voltage induction type alarm device 5 when the circuit is abnormal to influence the detection of the voltage induction type alarm device 5 and ensure that the voltage induction type alarm device 5 is used as an independent system;

(2) the voltage induction type alarm device 5 adopts a digital-electric analog-electric design, has simple structure and few parts, can greatly reduce the cost compared with a current mutual inductance detection scheme, can avoid introducing a controller to implement logic operation, can ensure the detection timeliness, and avoids the calculation time delay caused by the logic operation and the detection abnormality caused by the unstable power supply of the controller;

(3) by realizing sound-light alarm in the voltage induction type alarm device 5 in a digital-electric mode, under extreme conditions such as line aging of the electric water heater or abnormal operation of the controller 2 due to electric leakage, the voltage induction type alarm device 5 can also ensure to send out a warning to remind a user of immediately withdrawing a dangerous area.

Referring to fig. 5, the output end of the not gate D4 (or D3) is connected to the controller 2 by a wire, so that a high level and a low level are given to the controller 2, and the controller 2 receives the high level and immediately controls the power panel 11 to cut off the main power supply of the electric water heater.

Further, for subdividing the specific voltage of the electric leakage, a signal amplified by the voltage amplifier is introduced into an AD channel of the controller 2 through a wire, the voltage can be subdivided through the controller 2, and in addition, based on the characteristics that the alternating current power frequency is 50, 60 or 80hz and the direct current is stable and unchangeable, the controller 2 can be used for distinguishing the alternating current electric leakage or the direct current electric leakage, so that different levels of warning are sent according to the situation.

Specifically, when the electric leakage is alternating current, the electric field signal sensed by the probe will also change alternately, the controller 2 reads the frequency of the alternate change, if the frequency is 50, 60 or 80hz, the alternating current electric leakage is determined, if the frequency is stable and constant for a long time, the direct current electric leakage is determined, and by fixing the position on the probe electric water heater and controlling the shortest distance between the probe electric water heater and the shell 1 and the water inlet 3 to be the same, then measuring and calculating the voltage output by the voltage amplifier when different leakage voltages appear on the shell 1 or the water inlet 3, establishing a mapping table according to the relationship between the two and storing the mapping table in the controller 2, the controller 2 can convert the actual leakage voltage according to the voltage amplified by the voltage amplifier, on the basis, by arranging an intelligent voice system (such as an acousto-optic alarm module) independent of the voltage sensing type alarm device 5 on the electric water heater, the intelligent voice system is electrically connected with the, the controller 2 may implement the following control:

(1) when the alternating voltage is less than or equal to E or the direct voltage is less than or equal to A, no warning is given;

under the alternating current, the damage degrees of zero line leakage and live wire leakage are different, the zero line leakage voltage is smaller and generally lower than the voltage E, although the zero line leakage has the leakage condition, the degree does not harm the safety of users, therefore, when the alternating current leakage is detected and the voltage is less than or equal to E, the zero line leakage is determined, and no warning is given at the moment;

for direct current leakage, because the direct current voltage may float due to aging of the electric water heater or other factors, a leakage early warning voltage A is set, and when the direct current leakage is detected and the voltage is less than or equal to A, the leakage condition is detected, but the degree is slight, the hidden danger is low, and the warning is not performed.

(2) When detecting that the alternating voltage is more than or equal to E and less than F or the direct voltage is more than or equal to A and less than B, the controller 2 automatically records the bad state, then controls the low-frequency flicker of the warning lamp, the low-frequency buzzer and the voice warning of the voice module of the intelligent voice system to remind the user of safety, but does not cut off the power supply;

in the above, F is the human body safety voltage threshold under the ac condition, where F is greater than E, and when E is equal to or less than ac leakage and the ac voltage is less than F, it means that the live wire leaks electricity, the hidden danger of the live wire leakage is large, but the voltage does not exceed the human body safety voltage threshold F under the ac, so the user safety is not compromised, and therefore the user is reminded in a low frequency manner, and the power supply is not cut off as well;

for direct current leakage, a human body safety voltage threshold B under the direct current condition is set similarly, and under the direct current condition, the safety of a user is not harmed when the human body safety voltage threshold B is lower than B, so that when the direct current leakage is detected and or the direct current voltage A is less than or equal to the direct current voltage A and less than B, the hidden danger is deepened, the user is reminded in a low-frequency mode, and the power supply is not cut off.

(3) When detecting that the alternating voltage is more than or equal to F and less than G or the direct voltage is more than or equal to B and less than D, the controller 2 automatically records the bad state, then controls the intermediate frequency flashing of the warning lamp, the intermediate frequency buzzing of the buzzer and the voice warning of the voice module, and simultaneously cuts off the power supply to remind and guarantee the attention safety of the user;

g and D are dangerous voltages in alternating current and direct current respectively, when the voltage is detected to be in the range interval that the alternating voltage is more than or equal to F and less than G or the direct voltage is more than or equal to B and less than D, the voltage is enough to cause harm to human bodies, the intermediate frequency mode frequently and sharply reminds users of paying attention, and the power supply is actively cut off to guarantee the safety of the users.

(4) When the alternating voltage is larger than G or the direct voltage is larger than D, the controller 2 automatically records the bad state, controls the warning lamp to flash at high frequency, controls the buzzer to buzz at high frequency or warns at voice frequency and warns at voice module, and cuts off the power supply to remind the user of safety.

The embodiment can distinguish alternating current and direct current based on frequency analysis, provides a premise for classification reminding of electric leakage of the electric water heater under different conditions, and implements guarantee measures in different grades based on severity of zero line electric leakage, live line electric leakage and voltage electric leakage, thereby facilitating positioning problems of users and maintenance personnel and implementing corresponding treatment.

In addition, this embodiment is through adopting voltage induction type to detect, need not the physical contact, can carry out 360 degrees safety monitoring such as electric water heater inlet outlet, shell, inner bag, electrothermal tube, hitching leg, hot water output, cold water input, no matter be because of earth fault, ground wire electrified, external electric leakage, the ageing damage of inner wire or the electric leakage that the installation is improper causes, all can accomplish fast in time to cut off the power, solve one and be used to have to prevent the electric wall but still appear frequently electric shock injury people's accident, thoroughly solve the electric leakage problem, stop the water heater and electrocute injury people.

Furthermore, the voltage sensing alarm device 5 of the present embodiment can be integrated with the electricity-proof wall to form an inductive electricity-proof wall protection alarm.

Example 2

Embodiment 2 is based on embodiment 1, add power carrier module on electric water heater, power carrier module and controller 2 communication, when detecting to have the leakage signal that is greater than 12V, voltage induction type alarm device 5 sends alarm signal to controller 2, trigger controller 2 control power strip 11 and cut off the main power supply of electric water heater, voice prompt, controller 2 passes through power carrier module simultaneously and transmits power carrier signal to outside power carrier controller through the looks electric wire, outside power carrier controller can interconnect with other equipment of intelligent house class, after receiving power carrier signal, send out the warning.

And the user can immediately evacuate the dangerous area according to the prompted signal and ask professionals to maintain, so that accidents are reduced.

Example 3

Embodiment 3 is based on embodiment 1 or 2, an internet communication module electrically connected to the controller 2 is added to the electric water heater, such as a bluetooth module and a WIFI module, and the internet communication module performs internet communication with a router, a mobile phone or a tablet computer, when a leakage signal greater than 12V is detected, the voltage induction type alarm device 5 sends an alarm signal to the controller 2, the controller 2 is triggered to control the power board 11 to cut off a main power supply of the electric water heater, and a voice prompt is performed, meanwhile, the controller 2 sends a wireless alarm signal to the internet platform, the manufacturer platform and the power bureau through the internet communication module, and after receiving the signal, the internet platform, the manufacturer platform and the power bureau notify a user to evacuate a dangerous area.

Example 4

Embodiment 2 is implemented by using a single chip microcomputer instead of the not gates D3 and D4 in the voltage sensing type alarm device 5 on the basis of embodiment 1, specifically, the output end of the not gate D2 is connected to an AD channel of the single chip microcomputer, an IO pin of the single chip microcomputer is connected to a cathode of the diode VD and a base of the transistor V, and when the single chip microcomputer works, the single chip microcomputer controls the corresponding IO pin to be pulled down when sensing that electric leakage is greater than or equal to 12V through the AD of the single chip microcomputer.

Furthermore, on the basis of the single chip microcomputer, a multivibrator formed by NOT gates D5 and D6, resistors R5 and R6 and a capacitor C2 is omitted, and instead, the single chip microcomputer directly outputs an oscillation signal to the buzzer HA.

It should be noted that:

in the above embodiments, the voltage amplifier may be implemented in other ways, such as an operational amplifier;

the voltage induction type alarm device 5 can also be arranged at the water outlet 4;

the voltage induction type alarm device 5 in the above embodiment can be used to implement leakage monitoring for other devices, water supply systems, various cold and hot water taps, etc., such as safety live input leakage detection for water supply at a water supply end of a user, ground live detection at a ground end, leakage detection for electrical equipment on electrical equipment, and leakage live input for preventing other devices from leakage by using safety detection for non-electrical equipment.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A voltage induction type alarm device is characterized in that: the probe is used for sensing the electric field intensity of leakage voltage, one end of the probe is connected to the input end of the control unit through the voltage amplifier, and the control unit triggers the warning device to give out warning according to the output voltage of the voltage amplifier.

2. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 1 wherein: the control unit is specifically a NOT gate DA.

3. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 2 wherein: the voltage induction type alarm device comprises a power switch S and a power supply GB, wherein the power supply GB independently supplies power to the voltage induction type alarm device under the on-off control of the power switch S.

4. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 3 wherein: the warning device comprises a multivibrator and a buzzer HA, the NOT gate DA comprises a NOT gate D3, the input end of the NOT gate D3 serves as the input end of the control unit, and the output end of the NOT gate DA is connected to the ground after passing through the multivibrator, the buzzer HA, the power switch S and the power supply GB in sequence.

5. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 4 wherein: the multivibrator is provided with a not gate D5, a not gate D6, a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and a capacitor C2, wherein the output end of the not gate D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode VD, the anode of the diode VD is sequentially connected with the not gate D5 and the not gate D6 in series to the buzzer HA, one end of a resistor R5 is connected with the input end of the not gate D5, one end of a resistor R6 is connected with the input end of the not gate D6, one end of a capacitor C2 is connected with the output end of the not gate D6, and the other ends of the resistor R5, the resistor R6 and the capacitor C2 are connected together in.

6. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 4 wherein: the voltage induction type alarm device is provided with an LED indicating circuit, the LED indicating circuit is provided with a transistor V, a light-emitting diode VLl and a resistor R4, the NOT gate DA comprises a NOT gate D4, the input end of the NOT gate D4 serves as the input end of the control unit, the output end of the NOT gate D4 is connected to the base electrode of the transistor V, the collector electrode of the transistor V is connected with the cathode of the light-emitting diode VLl, and the anode of the light-emitting diode VLl is connected to the connecting point between the buzzer HA and the power switch S through.

7. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 6 wherein: the LED indicating circuit is also provided with a light emitting diode VL2 and a resistor R7, and a contact point between the buzzer HA and the power switch S is connected to the ground through the resistor R7 and the light emitting diode VL 2.

8. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 1 wherein: the voltage amplifier comprises an NOT gate Dl, a NOT gate D2, a resistor Rl, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor Cl and a resistor RP, one end of the probe is connected with the NOT gate Dl and the NOT gate D2 in series in sequence and then connected to the control unit, the end of the probe is also connected with the resistor Rl, the capacitor Cl and the ground in series in sequence, a joint between the NOT gate Dl and the NOT gate D2 is connected with the resistor R3 and the resistor RP and the ground in series in sequence, and the resistor R2 is connected between the resistors Rl and R3 in a bridging mode.

9. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 2 wherein: and the input end and/or the output end of the NOT gate DA are/is used as the output end of the voltage induction type alarm device to be connected with an external controller.

10. A voltage sensitive alarm device according to claim 1 wherein: the control unit is specifically a single chip microcomputer.

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