CN212433407U

CN212433407U - Sound velocity measurement and positioning experimental instrument

Info

Publication number: CN212433407U
Application number: CN202020528526.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙晶华; 张晓峻; 车雪峰; 张书明; 尹发勇
Original assignee: Harbin Engineering University
Current assignee: Harbin Engineering University
Priority date: 2020-04-13
Filing date: 2020-04-13
Publication date: 2021-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-13

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sound velocity is measured and is fixed a position experiment appearance, including location host computer, connecting wire, ultrasonic transducer, the guide rail, the reflecting plate of taking the scale, the location host computer passes through the connecting wire and is connected with ultrasonic transducer, reflecting plate with guide rail sliding connection. The utility model discloses can with supporting radar design module of backing a car, independently design scheme builds the module and realizes the radar function of backing a car. The utility model discloses can realize 2.0cm detection blind area and 2mm and detect the technical index of precision, the instrument integrated level is high, and the expansibility is strong.

Description

Sound velocity measurement and positioning experimental instrument

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a physics experimental facilities technical field especially relates to a sound velocity measurement and location experiment appearance.

Background

The sound velocity measurement experiment is an important ring in the teaching of college physical experiments, and available methods are as follows: time difference methods, phase methods, resonance interference methods and spectral analysis methods. The measuring device for measuring the sound velocity under the simulation of different air environments invented by Liu Yongzhi et al simulates different air environments by installing a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an electronic control device in a closed container, and makes up for the defects of the traditional measuring device (CN 208781465U). Because the traditional measuring method generally needs to manually adjust the distance of a receiver, return errors are easy to generate, the WIFI-based full-automatic standing wave resonance method sound velocity measuring instrument disclosed by cumin, Huang Lei and the like adopts wireless control to control a stepping motor to push a screw rod structure, so that human errors are reduced, the circuit connection is avoided to be complicated, the instrument is convenient to place, data can be shared under a local area network, and teaching means (CN109741666A) are enriched. The sound velocity measuring instrument of the invention overcomes the defect that the traditional measuring device can only measure the sound velocity under the air environment, and adopts the pressure gauge compatible with gas and liquid to realize the sound velocity measurement under different media under different pressures (CN 209894333U). Yanyi, neyoho et al propose an improved method for measuring the sound velocity by time difference, which reduces the interference of external noise by installing a sound-proof plastic tube between the speaker and the microphone, and simultaneously ensures that the interface between the speaker and the microphone is strictly parallel to reduce the influence of reverberation reflection and air flow, and a power signal source and a thermometer need to be configured during experiments.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a sound velocity is measured and is fixed a position experiment appearance to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following scheme: the utility model provides a sound velocity is measured and location experiment appearance, including location host computer, connecting wire, ultrasonic transducer, the guide rail of taking the scale, reflecting plate, the location host computer passes through the connecting wire and is connected with ultrasonic transducer, reflecting plate with guide rail sliding connection.

Preferably, the front panel of the positioning host comprises a nixie tube window, a transmitting signal interface, a receiving signal interface, a key and a power switch, wherein the transmitting signal interface and the receiving signal interface are connected with an oscilloscope, and the nixie tube window is connected with the key.

Preferably, the rear panel of the positioning host comprises an ultrasonic transducer interface and a power socket interface, the ultrasonic transducer interface is connected with the ultrasonic transducer through a connecting wire, and the power socket interface is connected with the power supply device through a power line.

Preferably, supersound transmitting transducer includes supersound transmitting transducer, supersound receiving transducer, exempts from to adjust the support, supersound transmitting transducer, supersound receiving transducer install on exempting from to adjust the support, exempt from to adjust the support above be equipped with the scale pointer.

Preferably, the guide rail comprises a main body, a graduated scale and a rubber base.

Preferably, the reflecting plate comprises a plastic flat plate and an adjustment-free support, the plastic flat plate is fixedly connected with the adjustment-free support, and a scale pointer is arranged on the adjustment-free support.

The utility model discloses a following technological effect:

(1) the distance measuring index reaches a detection blind area of 2cm and the detection precision of 2mm by adopting a singlechip digital technology and a narrow pulse method; (2) embedding a temperature sensor, monitoring the ambient temperature in real time, and compensating the temperature of the sound velocity; (3) the physical phenomenon is visual, an oscilloscope interface is provided, the ultrasonic emission signal and the receiving line number are observed through an oscilloscope, and the time difference is read; (4) a temperature time digital display window and an ultrasonic transducer driving signal source are integrated, and no additional instrument is required; (5) the design is provided, and the module can be built to realize the function of the reversing radar with a matched reversing radar design module and an independent design scheme.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole device of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the front panel of the experiment apparatus main unit of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the back panel of the experiment apparatus main unit;

fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the ultrasonic transducer of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a structural view of the guide rail of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a view showing a structure of a reflection plate of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit board of the present invention;

the device comprises a positioning host 1, a nixie tube window 1.1, a transmitting signal interface 1.2, a receiving signal interface 1.3, a key 1.4, a power switch 1.5, an ultrasonic transducer interface 1.6, a power socket interface 1.7, a connecting wire 2, an ultrasonic transducer 3, an ultrasonic transmitting transducer 3.1, an ultrasonic receiving transducer 3.2, an adjustment-free support 3.3, a scale pointer 3.4, a guide rail 4, a main body 4.1, a scale 4.2, a rubber base 4.3, a reflecting plate 5, a plastic flat plate 5.1, an adjustment-free support 5.2 and a scale pointer 5.3.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the utility model provides a sound velocity measurement and location experiment appearance, including location host computer 1, connecting wire 2, ultrasonic transducer 3, take guide rail 4, reflecting plate 5 of scale, location host computer 1 is connected with ultrasonic transducer 3 through connecting wire 2, ultrasonic transducer 3, reflecting plate 5 with 4 sliding connection of guide rail read ultrasonic transducer 3 and reflecting plate 5's position scale through the scale on the guide rail 4, the material of guide rail 4 is the aluminum alloy, and the slot type structure is anodised to become black, length 120cm, and reading precision 0.5 mm.

Further optimize the scheme, guide rail 4 includes main part 4.1, scale 4.2, rubber base 4.3, main part 4.1 is v type aluminum alloy section bar, the laminating of scale 4.2 is at the upper surface of main part 4.1, 4 are installed to the bottom of main part 4.1 rubber base 4.3.

According to a further optimized scheme, the front panel of the positioning host 1 comprises a four-digit nixie tube window 1.1, a transmitting signal interface 1.2, a receiving signal interface 1.3, a key 1.4 and a power switch 1.5, wherein the transmitting signal interface 1.2 and the receiving signal interface 1.3 are connected with an oscilloscope and used for observing ultrasonic signals and reading time difference. The four-digit nixie tube window 1.1 is connected with the key 1.4, and the four-digit nixie tube window 1.1 is used for displaying temperature and time values and is realized through the operation of the key 1.4.

According to a further optimized scheme, the rear panel of the positioning host 1 comprises an ultrasonic transducer interface 1.6 and a power socket interface 1.7, the ultrasonic transducer interface 1.6 is connected with an ultrasonic transducer 3 through a connecting wire 2, and the power socket interface 1.7 is connected with a power supply device through a power line. The frequency of an ultrasonic signal is 40kHz, the pulse width is 100 mus, the time difference is less than 7.10ms, the maximum detection distance is 120.0cm, the amplitude of an electric signal loaded on the ultrasonic transmitting transducer is 5V, and the amplitude of an output signal of the ultrasonic receiving transducer is between 150mV and 200 mV.

Further optimization scheme, supersound transmitting transducer 3 includes supersound transmitting transducer 3.1, supersound receiving transducer 3.2, exempts from to adjust support 3.3, supersound transmitting transducer 3.1, supersound receiving transducer 3.2 are installed on exempting from to adjust support 3.3.

According to a further optimized scheme, the reflecting plate 5 comprises a plastic flat plate 5.1 and an adjustment-free support 5.2, the plastic flat plate 5.1 is fixedly connected with the adjustment-free support 5.2, a scale pointer 5.3 is arranged on the adjustment-free support 5.2, and the reflecting plate 5 is assembled to an instrument through screws to realize position adjustment on the guide rail 4; the plastic flat plate 5.1 is made of beige PVC material, and the area is 20cm x 30 cm; the adjustment-free bracket is of a black penguin type.

The internal circuit of the sound velocity measurement and positioning experimental instrument host 1 is shown in fig. 5, and the circuit mainly comprises a single chip microcomputer PIC6F886I/SO, a nixie tube display circuit, an ultrasonic transducer interface circuit, a temperature sensor DS8B20 circuit and a key circuit, wherein the ultrasonic transducer interface circuit is respectively connected with the single chip microcomputer and an oscilloscope, the single chip microcomputer is also connected with the nixie tube display circuit, and the nixie tube display circuit is also connected with a driving circuit.

When in work: the single chip microcomputer PIC6F886-I/SO sends a trigger signal to the ultrasonic transducer TRIG every 200ms, high-level signal trigger of 10us is kept, the ultrasonic transducer 3 transmits a pulse signal with the frequency of 40kHz and the pulse width of 100 mus, the amplitude of an electric signal loaded on the ultrasonic transmitting transducer 3.1 is 5V, and the single chip microcomputer starts timing at the moment. When the signal reflected by the reflecting plate reaches the ultrasonic receiving transducer 3.2, the transducer converts the acoustic signal into an electric signal, the frequency of the electric signal is 40kHz, the pulse width is 100 mus, the amplitude is changed along with the change of the distance between 150mV and 200mV, the ultrasonic receiving transducer 3.2 generates an ECHO signal to trigger the single chip microcomputer to interrupt, and the single chip microcomputer solves the time difference t after stopping timing. The time result is displayed on a four-in-one nixie tube window 1.1 with the model number of 5631AS, the temperature signal is detected by a DS18B20 temperature sensor, and the temperature signal is acquired by a single chip microcomputer and displayed by the nixie tube window 1.1. The distance from the ultrasonic transducer 3 to the reflecting plate 5 is read out by a graduated scale on the guide rail 4 and is marked as L. And measuring 10 groups of data, solving the sound velocity in the air by adopting a step-by-step method, and eliminating experimental errors caused by the installation accuracy of the ultrasonic transducer and the reflecting plate structure.

Besides the TRIG and ECHO trigger signals, the ultrasonic transducer interface on the circuit board is additionally connected with a signal respectively connected to J3 and J4, J3 is connected to a transmitting signal interface 1.2 on the panel, and J4 is connected to a receiving signal interface 1.3 on the panel. The time display resolution is 0.01ms, the measurement precision is 0.02ms, the maximum measurement distance is 120.0cm, and the blind area is less than 2.0 cm. The digital tube window 1.1 displays LLLL indicating in the dead zone when the distance is less than 2cm, and the digital tube window 1.1 displays HHHHHH indicating out of range when the distance is more than 120.0 cm.

The single chip microcomputer controls a DS8B20 temperature sensor through a TMP pin in a one-line mode, and acquires temperature values with the temperature range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 85 ℃ and the temperature resolution of 0.5 ℃. The time and temperature values are displayed by a four digit nixie tube model 5631 AS.

The display switching of time and temperature is realized through the operation of a key 1.4, when the key 1.4 is pressed down, the time is displayed on a nixie tube window 1.1, but when the key is popped up, the temperature value is displayed on the nixie tube window 1.1. The button 1.4 on the panel is connected to the J2 port on the circuit board, and through the R3 that the resistance is 10k omega to the power, the singlechip judges through detecting high-low level whether the button pops up or presses. The control mode of the nixie tube is that the singlechip decodes through an RB port and outputs a corresponding level state to control a segment code of the nixie tube, and the model of the triodes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 is C8050, so that the nixie tube is driven to realize bit selection of the nixie tube. The bit selection control signals K1, K2, K3 and K4 control the base electrode of the triode through the 2.2K omega resistor to realize the on-off control of the triode. The corresponding nixie tube is lighted when the bit selection signal is a high point, otherwise, the nixie tube is extinguished.

When the device is used, the emission signal interface 1.2 is connected with the oscilloscope channel CH1, the emission signal interface 1.3 is connected with the oscilloscope channel CH2, the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflecting plate 5 are installed on the guide rail 4, usually, the ultrasonic transducer 2 is normally arranged at a position of 10.0cm and keeps unchanged, the initial position of the reflecting plate 5 is arranged at a position of 20cm, the switching key 1.4 is pressed down to enable the host 1 nixie tube window 1.1 to display a time value, and the current time difference t and the current distance L are recorded. The time difference t can be read from a nixie tube display of the host 1 or can be read by an oscilloscope, and the distance L can be read from the guide rail. The reflecting plate is moved, data are recorded once every 10cm of distance is increased, and 10 groups of data are measured. And finally solving the sound velocity in the air by a difference-by-difference method. The advantage of adopting the step-by-step method can eliminate experimental errors caused by the installation accuracy of the ultrasonic transducer and the reflecting plate structure. And after the data of the distance L and the time difference t are recorded, switching a key 1.4, displaying and recording a temperature value, wherein the temperature parameter is used for a compensation counting formula of the sound velocity in the air.

The utility model discloses support designability extension to use, the application module of radar of backing a car is connected with transmission signal interface 1.2 and transmission signal interface 1.3, does the design of radar of backing a car and realizes the experiment.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only intended to describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should also be able to make various modifications and improvements to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such modifications and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a sound velocity measurement and location experiment appearance which characterized in that: the ultrasonic positioning device comprises a positioning host (1), a connecting wire (2), an ultrasonic transducer (3), a guide rail (4) with a scale and a reflecting plate (5), wherein the positioning host (1) is connected with the ultrasonic transducer (3) through the connecting wire (2), and the ultrasonic transducer (3), the reflecting plate (5) and the guide rail (4) are in sliding connection.

2. The sound speed measurement and positioning experimental instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the front panel of the positioning host (1) comprises a nixie tube window (1.1), a transmitting signal interface (1.2), a receiving signal interface (1.3), a key (1.4) and a power switch (1.5), the transmitting signal interface (1.2) and the receiving signal interface (1.3) are connected with an oscilloscope, and the nixie tube window (1.1) is connected with the key (1.4).

3. The sound speed measurement and positioning experimental instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the rear panel of the positioning host (1) comprises an ultrasonic transducer interface (1.6) and a power socket interface (1.7), the ultrasonic transducer interface (1.6) is connected with the ultrasonic transducer (3) through a connecting wire (2), and the power socket interface (1.7) is connected with a power supply device through a power line.

4. The sound speed measurement and positioning experimental instrument according to claim 1, wherein: ultrasonic transducer (3) include ultrasonic transmitting transducer (3.1), supersound receiving transducer (3.2), exempt from to adjust support (3.3), ultrasonic transmitting transducer (3.1), supersound receiving transducer (3.2) are installed and are exempted from to adjust support (3.3), be equipped with scale pointer (3.4) on exempting from to adjust support (3.3).

5. The sound speed measurement and positioning experimental instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the guide rail (4) comprises a main body (4.1), a graduated scale (4.2) and a rubber base (4.3).

6. The sound speed measurement and positioning experimental instrument according to claim 1, wherein: reflecting plate (5) include plastic flat board (5.1), exempt from to adjust support (5.2), plastic flat board (5.1) with exempt from to adjust support (5.2) fixed connection, be equipped with scale pointer (5.3) on exempting from to adjust support (5.2).