CN212410359U - Non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for small-sized weather - Google Patents
Non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for small-sized weather Download PDFInfo
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- CN212410359U CN212410359U CN202021794052.8U CN202021794052U CN212410359U CN 212410359 U CN212410359 U CN 212410359U CN 202021794052 U CN202021794052 U CN 202021794052U CN 212410359 U CN212410359 U CN 212410359U
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Abstract
The to-be-solved problem of the utility model is to provide a non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system and measuring method for small-size weather can realize the measurement of 24 hours per minute evaporation capacity all day, and measuring result is accurate. The non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for the small weather comprises an evaporation pan, a weighing device, a water adding device and a water draining device, wherein the evaporation pan is placed on the weighing device; the side wall of the evaporating dish is provided with a detachable inverted U-shaped siphon, a pipe inlet of the siphon is positioned above the bottom of the evaporating dish, and a pipe inlet of the siphon is higher than a pipe outlet; and a water filling port of the water filling device is positioned above a dish port of the evaporation dish and is not contacted with the evaporation dish.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a meteorological measurement technical field, concretely relates to non-contact evaporation capacity measurement system for meteorological affairs.
Background
The evaporation capacity is an important component of surface energy balance and an important component of land water balance, is an important factor for determining weather and climate conditions, and plays a role in playing a role in global water circulation and climate evolution. In addition, evaporation capacity data is also required in many aspects such as water resource evaluation, drought evaluation, management and application of reservoirs and lakes, industrial and agricultural water use, hydrological forecast and the like.
The evaporation capacity measured by the meteorological station is the water surface evaporation capacity, the depth of a water layer lost due to evaporation in an evaporator with a fixed caliber is measured, and a common measurer comprises a small evaporator and a large evaporator E-601. The large evaporator consists of an evaporation barrel, a water ring, an overflow barrel and a measuring needle. The evaporation barrel is a device with an opening area of 3000cm2A cylindrical barrel with a conical bottom. The center of the barrel bottom is provided with a straight tube, the upper end of which is provided with a needle measuring seat and a water surface indicating needle (measuring needle) manufactured according to the principle of a screw micrometer. The barrel body is buried in the ground, and the opening of the barrel body is slightly higher than the ground. Observing at 20 days, inserting a measuring pin into the measuring pin seat, reading the height of the water surface, and calculating the evaporation capacity according to the change of the water level and the precipitation capacity every day. With the development of the technology, the measuring probe is replaced by a high-accuracy ultrasonic probe, and the height change of the water surface in the evaporator is continuously observed based on the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement. The small evaporator is a metal round basin with a diameter of 20cm and a height of about 10cm, and the mouth edge is inlaid with an inner linerStraight and outward-inclined blade-shaped copper ring. In order to prevent the birds and the beasts from drinking water, the upper part of the mouth of the device is sleeved with a metal wire mesh ring which is outwards flared. The evaporator is mounted on a cylindrical bracket, the opening edge is kept horizontal, and the opening of the evaporator is 70cm away from the ground. And (3) adding a certain amount of clear water at 20 days, measuring the residual water amount by using the measuring cup at 20 days next time, wherein the reduced water amount is the evaporation amount.
The meteorological department in China currently adopts an ultrasonic liquid level evaporation sensor to realize the automation of large-scale evaporation observation, but no standardized and mature automatic measuring device and measuring method replace the observation of small-scale evaporation. In the automatic reform of ground observation, the observation of small evaporation is cancelled, certain influence is brought to business and scientific research, and a measuring instrument capable of automatically observing small evaporation is urgently needed to be researched.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved problem of the utility model is to provide a non-contact evaporation capacity measurement system for small-size weather, can realize the measurement of 24 hours per minute evaporation capacity all day, and measuring result is accurate.
The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:
a small-sized non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for meteorology comprises an evaporation pan, a weighing device, a water adding device and a water draining device, wherein the evaporation pan is placed on the weighing device;
the side wall of the evaporating dish is provided with a detachable inverted U-shaped siphon, a pipe inlet of the siphon is positioned above the bottom of the evaporating dish, and a pipe inlet of the siphon is higher than a pipe outlet;
and a water filling port of the water filling device is positioned above a dish port of the evaporation dish and is not contacted with the evaporation dish.
Furthermore, the evaporating dish is cylindrical, the diameter of the evaporating dish is 20-25cm, and the height of the evaporating dish is 10-15 cm.
Furthermore, a detachable annular protective cover is installed at a dish opening of the evaporating dish, the height of the annular protective cover is 7-10cm, and the annular protective cover is made of transparent materials.
Further, the diameter of the siphon is 8-10 mm; the siphon is characterized in that an outer pipe and an inner pipe are arranged on the side wall of the evaporating dish in a threaded connection mode.
Further, the weighing device is an electronic balance or a gravity sensor, the measuring sensitivity of the weighing device is 0.01g, and the measuring time precision is 1 second.
Adopt the utility model discloses a small-size meteorological non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system's measuring method, including following step:
(1) measuring the mass of the evaporation pan in real time every second, calculating the mass difference between the previous second and the second evaporation pan, judging whether the interference of rockfall, flying birds and the like exists or not when the absolute value of the mass difference exceeds a set threshold value, recording if the interference exists, and correcting the mass of the evaporation pan measured in the minute in an integral manner;
(2) measuring the evaporation per minute;
measuring the mass of the evaporating dish by a weighing device every minute, and correcting an observation result by using precipitation data of a national-level automatic station precipitation sensor; the evaporation per minute is calculated as follows:
E i=（Mi-1-Mi）/（S*ρ）+Pi；
wherein M isiAnd Mi-1The difference between the mass of the evaporating dish after interference correction is carried out for i minutes and the previous minute i-1 minute, S is the area of the evaporating dish, rho is the density of water, PiMinute precipitation of i minutes;
(3) calculating the evaporation amount of one day;
there are two calculation methods for hourly evaporation, one calculation method has the same-minute evaporation formula, in which MiAnd Mi-1The difference of the quality of the evaporating dish after interference correction is respectively carried out at the integral point time of i time and the last time i-1 time, PiThe hour precipitation of the time i; one calculation method is to take the sum of the evaporation capacity of all minutes of the time as the hour evaporation capacity of the time;
calculating the sum of the hourly evaporation capacities of the 24 time points as the daily evaporation capacity of the day;
(4) judging whether the evaporating dish is replenished with water or not at regular time every day;
presetting the mass value M of the water required to be supplemented to the evaporating dish2. When the mass of the evaporating dish actually measured by the weighing device at a fixed moment every day is less than M2In the time, the water adding device automatically adds water into the evaporating dish until the mass of the evaporating dish measured by the weighing device is M1When the water adding device stops adding water, wherein M1>M2；
Further, the method also comprises a step of judging whether the evaporating dish overflows or not, and because the overflow generally occurs in the rain process and the mass of the evaporating dish is suddenly and greatly reduced when the overflow occurs, the abnormal value of the mass change of the evaporating dish before and after 1min can be preset as MM;
when the weighing device measures Mi-1-MiMM and Pi>0, judging that the evaporating dish overflows at the time, wherein the calculation formula of the evaporation capacity per minute at the time is as follows:
E i=（Mi-1-Mi）/（S*ρ）+Pih, wherein h is the height of the highest point of the siphon tube from the inlet pipe orifice.
Further, the length of h is 5-6cm, and the MM is 314-.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model the beneficial effect who gains as follows:
1. the utility model discloses a non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for small-size meteorology includes evaporating dish, weighing device and water adding device, through the measuring method of the utility model, measure the quality of evaporating dish every minute, through the quality difference around every minute to convert every minute evaporation capacity; the evaporation capacity per hour is converted through the mass difference of the integral point moments of the front time and the back time; correcting the hourly evaporation capacity according to precipitation data, water supplementing conditions and judgment results of overflow within one hour of the national automatic station; the sum of the evaporation capacity of 24 hours and hours in a day is the daily evaporation capacity of the day;
the method replaces the traditional method for calculating the evaporation capacity by manually measuring the water level in the evaporation pan, more ensures the accuracy of data through the calculation of the quality difference, and can measure and collect data 24 hours a day; the evaporation capacity can be accurately measured not only in sunny days but also in rainy days;
whether the evaporation pan needs water supplement is judged at a specific time every day, so that water is always in the evaporation pan, and the problem that the evaporation pan is empty of water after many days is avoided;
2. the design of the siphon pipe, when measuring in the rainy day, when the water level in the evaporating dish rises to the highest point of the siphon pipe, the siphon phenomenon can occur, and the water is discharged out rapidly, so that the water level drops to the position of the inlet pipe of the siphon pipe, and the calculation formula of the evaporation capacity per minute at this time is Ei=（Mi-1-Mi）/（S*ρ）+Pi-h, so as to accurately record the evaporation at that time; the problem that the evaporation capacity cannot be continuously tested due to overflow of the evaporation pan in rainy days is avoided;
3. the siphon is detachably arranged on the side wall of the evaporating dish, so that siphons with different lengths can be replaced conveniently according to requirements, and the use is more flexible;
4. the system of the utility model can also be used for observing precipitation, thus realizing diversification of functional purposes;
5. meteorological non-contact evaporation capacity measurement system can be accurate measure the evaporation capacity, do not need too much manual intervention simultaneously, be fit for extensively promoting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a non-contact meteorological evaporation capacity measuring system according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises an evaporation pan, 2, a weighing device, 3, a water adding device, 4, a siphon pipe, 5 and an annular protective cover.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower", and the like refer to orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In order to solve the above problem, as shown in fig. 1, the present application discloses a small-sized non-contact type evaporation capacity measuring system for meteorology, which mainly comprises four components of an evaporation pan 1, a weighing device 2, a water adding device 3 and a water discharging device 4 (siphon).
Wherein, evaporating dish 1 is the cylindrical structure of copper material, and for standardizing the measurement standard, the internal diameter of evaporating dish 1 is 20cm, and the height is 10cm, so design, the inside bottom surface S of evaporating dish 1 is 314cm2. In order to effectively protect the dish opening of the evaporating dish 1, a detachable annular protective cover 5 is installed at the dish opening, the height of the annular protective cover 5 is 7cm, and the annular protective cover 5 is made of transparent light plastic.
Install the siphon 4 of the shape of falling U with detachable mode at the lateral wall of evaporating dish 1, siphon 4 is formed by outer tube and inner tube with threaded connection's mode concatenation, and the lower extreme of inner tube is the pipe inlet of siphon 4 and is located the position of the top 2cm department of evaporating dish 1 bottom, the lower extreme of outer tube is the play mouth of pipe of siphon 4 and is less than the position of the mouth of pipe of advancing. The height from the highest point of the siphon 4 to the inlet pipe mouth is h and 5 cm. To ensure a good siphon effect, the inner diameter of the siphon 4 is 8 mm. By the design, the siphon effect is ensured when the water level in the evaporating dish 1 reaches the highest point of the siphon 4, and water is quickly discharged until the water level is lowered to the position of the pipe inlet again.
The evaporation pan 1 is arranged on the weighing device 2, the weighing device 2 can select an electronic balance with the precision of 0.01g, and the weighing device 2 can accurately measure the mass of the evaporation pan 1. The water filling port of the water filling device 3 is positioned above the dish port of the evaporating dish 1 and does not contact with the evaporating dish 1, so that the influence on the measurement data of the weighing device 2 is avoided. The water adding device 3 has a conventional structure that a water adding pipe connected with water sources such as a bucket and the like is provided with an electromagnetic switch valve.
In order to realize automatic monitoring and control, the weighing device and the equal electric connection of the water adding device are arranged on the PLC controller, the PLC controller is arranged in a meteorological monitoring room, and a worker can observe feedback data at any time in the meteorological monitoring room. The PLC is a programmable memory for storing program, executing logic operation, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operation, and controlling various mechanical or production processes via digital or analog input/output. It can realize the functions of collecting signals, sorting data and transmitting instructions, and because it belongs to the conventional technology, it can be directly applied to the data transmission in the present application, and it is not described in detail here.
Use the utility model discloses a meteorological measuring method who uses non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system, concrete step is as follows:
1. firstly, measuring the mass of an evaporation pan in real time every second, calculating the mass difference between the previous second and the second evaporation pan, judging whether the interference of rockfall, flying birds and the like exists or not when the absolute value of the mass difference exceeds a set threshold value, recording if the interference exists, and correcting the mass of the evaporation pan measured in the minute in an integral manner;
2. measuring the evaporation per minute;
measuring the mass of the evaporating dish by a weighing device every minute, and correcting an observation result by using precipitation data of a national-level automatic station precipitation sensor; the evaporation per minute is calculated as follows:
E i=（Mi-1-Mi）/（S*ρ）+Pi；
wherein M isiAnd Mi-1The mass difference of the evaporation pan after interference correction is performed for i minutes and i-1 minute in the last minute, S is the area of the evaporation pan, and rho is the density of water; when the evaporation amount is measured, if there is no rain weather, then PiTaking 0, if it is rainy, PiIs divided into iMinute precipitation of clock;
if in rainy day, because the rainwater lasts, the water in the evaporating dish continues to increase, takes place the siphon effect when the water level reaches siphon peak, discharges the water fast until the water level drops to into pipe mouth position again. This kind of phenomenon is called siphon overflow, and the result that leads to is that the measuring mass difference of weighing device one minute is too big around, in order to revise data, measuring method still include the step of judging whether the overflow takes place for the evaporating dish, specifically as follows:
presetting an abnormal value of the quality change of the evaporating dish before and after 1min as MM, and because the 1-minute thermal evaporation capacity in the north China does not exceed 300g, the MM can be set to 314 g;
when the weighing device measures Mi-1-MiWhen the average evaporation time is more than MM, the overflow of the evaporation dish at the time is judged, and the minute evaporation amount at the time is calculated according to the following formula:
E i=（Mi-1-Mi）/（S*ρ）+Pi-h, wherein h is the height of the highest point of the siphon from the inlet orifice;
3. calculating the evaporation amount of one day;
the hourly evaporation capacity can be calculated by two methods, one method is to convert the hourly evaporation capacity through the mass difference of the integral time of the previous time and the next time, and correct the hourly evaporation capacity according to the precipitation data of the national automatic station, the water replenishing condition and the judgment result of overflow within one hour; one is to take the sum of the hourly evaporation amounts of all minutes. The sum of the evaporation capacity of 24 hours and hours in a day is the daily evaporation capacity of the day;
4. in order to avoid later data errors caused by failure of timely water addition after water in the evaporating dish is completely evaporated, judging whether the evaporating dish is replenished with water regularly every day;
when the evaporating dish is empty of water, the mass of the evaporating dish is measured to be M0；
Presetting the mass value M of the water required to be supplemented to the evaporating dish2According to practical application, when the water level of the evaporating dish is lower than 1.5cm, water needs to be added to the evaporating dish, and when the water level is lower than 1.5cm, the water is added to the evaporating dishWhen the water level is 1.5cm, M2= M0+417g；
Presetting the mass value of the evaporating dish to be M when the water is stopped to be supplemented1According to practical application, when the water level of the evaporating dish reaches 2cm, the water adding is stopped, and when the water level is 2cm, M is1= M0+628g；
After 20 hours per day, the weighing device measures that the mass of the evaporating dish is less than M2In the time, the water adding device adds water into the evaporating dish until the weighing device measures that the mass of the evaporating dish is M1And when the water adding device is used, the water adding device stops water adding.
Meteorological non-contact evaporation capacity measurement system except can measuring the daily evaporation capacity, can also measure the precipitation to realize multiple use. When the precipitation is measured, the minute evaporation is generally not considered, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. measuring the amount of precipitation P per minutei；
The mass of the evaporating dish is measured every minute through the weighing device, and the mass change before and after 1min is recorded:
△=Mi- Mi-1
when the delta is more than 0, recording the per minute precipitation Pi= （Mi-1-Mi）/（S*ρ）；
When Δ is less than or equal to 0, recording the precipitation per minute Pi= 0；
2. When the weighing device measures Mi-1-MiWhen the average rainfall is greater than MM, the overflow of the evaporating dish at the time is judged, and the calculation formula of the rainfall per minute at the time is as follows:
Pi =（Mi-1-Mi) And h is the height of the highest point of the siphon pipe from the inlet pipe orifice.
3. Calculating the rainfall amount of one day;
after 24 hours of rainfall per minute data and evaporation per minute data of the whole day are collected, the sum of the rainfall per minute is the daily rainfall of the day, and the sum of the evaporation per minute is the daily evaporation of the day.
Claims (5)
1. A small-sized non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for meteorology is characterized by comprising an evaporation pan, a weighing device, a water adding device and a water draining device, wherein the evaporation pan is placed on the weighing device;
the side wall of the evaporating dish is provided with a detachable inverted U-shaped siphon, a pipe inlet of the siphon is positioned above the bottom of the evaporating dish, and a pipe inlet of the siphon is higher than a pipe outlet;
and a water filling port of the water filling device is positioned above a dish port of the evaporation dish and is not contacted with the evaporation dish.
2. The evaporation capacity measurement system of claim 1, wherein the evaporation pan is cylindrical, has a diameter of 20-25cm, and a height of 10-15 cm.
3. The evaporation capacity measuring system according to claim 2, wherein a detachable annular protective cover is mounted at the vessel opening of the evaporation vessel, the annular protective cover has a height of 7-10cm, and the annular protective cover is made of a transparent material.
4. An evaporation capacity measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the siphon tube has a tube diameter of 8-10 mm; the siphon is characterized in that an outer pipe and an inner pipe are arranged on the side wall of the evaporating dish in a threaded connection mode.
5. The evaporation capacity measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the weighing device is an electronic balance or a gravity sensor, the measuring sensitivity of the weighing device is 0.01g, and the measuring time precision is 1 second.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021794052.8U CN212410359U (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for small-sized weather |
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| CN202021794052.8U CN212410359U (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Non-contact evaporation capacity measuring system for small-sized weather |
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